JP2012110169A - Coil switching device and rotary electric machine using the same - Google Patents

Coil switching device and rotary electric machine using the same Download PDF

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JP2012110169A
JP2012110169A JP2010258464A JP2010258464A JP2012110169A JP 2012110169 A JP2012110169 A JP 2012110169A JP 2010258464 A JP2010258464 A JP 2010258464A JP 2010258464 A JP2010258464 A JP 2010258464A JP 2012110169 A JP2012110169 A JP 2012110169A
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winding
switching device
terminal
yoke
teeth
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JP5537393B2 (en
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Akifumi Takahashi
暁史 高橋
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Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that, when a coil switching device is composed with existing mechanical relays, at least two relays are required for each phase U, V, and W resulting in an increased device size, and that, since the number of signal wires increases in proportion to the number of relays, wiring processing becomes complicated and increase in manufacturing cost is incurred.SOLUTION: A coil switching device comprises a yoke having a coil to which control current is applied and a moving section. The yoke has a plurality of tooth parts which are hollow in cross sectional form and are shaped to protrude toward the inside of the yoke. The tooth parts are arranged oppositely to each other to constitute sets, at least one of which includes the coil, and the moving section is disposed via a prescribed space while being held in place by a set of teeth having the coil, thereby providing a bistable relay. Thus, according to the prevent invention, it is possible to provide a coil switching device which can simplify a wiring connection step and comes in a compact size.

Description

本発明は巻線切替装置、およびこれを用いた回転電機に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a winding switching device and a rotating electric machine using the same.

特許文献1には、切替装置を設けて、巻線接続方式を直列又は並列に切り替える技術が開示されている。すなわち、電機子の各相に巻回された複数の巻線を直列接続とし、巻数を大きく設計した状態にすることにより、電動機は、インバータの電流許容値を小さく抑えたまま、大トルクを得ることを目的としている。また、電動機は、巻線を並列接続とし、巻数を少なく設計した状態とすることにより、高速回転領域を拡大することができる(図2参照)。   Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for providing a switching device to switch the winding connection method in series or in parallel. In other words, by making a plurality of windings wound around each phase of the armature connected in series and having a large number of turns, the motor can obtain a large torque while keeping the allowable current value of the inverter small. The purpose is that. Moreover, the motor can expand a high-speed rotation area | region by making a winding into a parallel connection and setting it as the state which designed few turns (refer FIG. 2).

特許文献2には、電流を通電するのではなく永久磁石を用いることでON状態を維持する構成が開示されている。   Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which an ON state is maintained by using a permanent magnet instead of passing a current.

特開2005−354807号公報JP-A-2005-354807 特開2004−227966号公報JP 2004-227966 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1の技術では、電動機の駆動時において常にスイッチング素子に通電するため、いわゆる導通損が発生する。すなわち、切替装置部分で新たなエネルギー損失が発生するため、インバータと電動機とを含むシステム全体のエネルギー効率向上という観点では、必ずしも得策とは言えない。したがって、巻線切替装置として、電動機駆動時のエネルギー損失が僅少な機械式リレーを用いることが望ましく、特に、双安定リレーを用いる方法が望ましい。   However, in the technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, since the switching element is always energized when the electric motor is driven, so-called conduction loss occurs. That is, since a new energy loss occurs in the switching device portion, it is not necessarily a good measure from the viewpoint of improving the energy efficiency of the entire system including the inverter and the electric motor. Therefore, it is desirable to use a mechanical relay with a small energy loss when the motor is driven as the winding switching device, and in particular, a method using a bistable relay is desirable.

双安定リレーとは、複数端子を有し、かつそのうち2つの端子間に電流を通電することを可能にする装置である。一般に、電流の通電経路となる端子部と、端子部の接続形態を自在に調節することを可能にする電磁石部とで構成される。端子部は2接点、または3接点で構成されるものが多い。電磁石部は接点のON接続状態を維持するために、連続的に電流を通電するものが広く知られているが、電力消費抑制の観点では、特許文献2のように、電流を通電するのではなく永久磁石を用いることでON状態を維持する構成が望ましい。   A bistable relay is a device that has a plurality of terminals and allows current to flow between two terminals. Generally, it is comprised by the terminal part used as the energization path | route of an electric current, and the electromagnet part which makes it possible to adjust the connection form of a terminal part freely. Many terminal portions are composed of two or three contacts. In order to maintain the ON connection state of the contact point, the electromagnet part is known to continuously energize current. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing power consumption, it is not possible to energize current as in Patent Document 2. It is desirable to maintain the ON state by using a permanent magnet instead.

ただし、上記特許文献2に記載の電磁石構成では、磁気的なギャップ長が大きく、接続状態を切り替えるときに大きな起磁力(巻線の巻数と通電電流の積)が必要となる。このため、電磁石巻線の巻数を多くしたり、電磁石巻線の線径を太くして大電流に耐えられるようにしたりする必要が生じ、電磁石巻線の大型化、ひいては巻線切替装置の大型化を招く、という課題がある。   However, the electromagnet configuration described in Patent Document 2 has a large magnetic gap length, and requires a large magnetomotive force (product of the number of turns of the winding and the energization current) when switching the connection state. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the number of turns of the electromagnet winding or increase the wire diameter of the electromagnet winding so that it can withstand a large current. There is a problem of inviting.

本発明の目的は、配線の接続工程を簡略化でき、かつ小形な巻線切替装置及びこれを用いた回転電機を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a small winding switching device and a rotating electrical machine using the same, which can simplify the wiring connection process.

本発明の巻線切替装置を用いた回転電機を備える製品としては、例えば、圧縮機,電気自動車およびハイブリッド自動車,ファン,ポンプ等が考えられる。   As a product including a rotating electrical machine using the winding switching device of the present invention, for example, a compressor, an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle, a fan, a pump, and the like are conceivable.

上記課題を解決するために、制御電流が印加される巻線を具備したヨークと可動部とで構成される巻線切替装置において、前記ヨークは、中空の断面形状と前記ヨークの内側に向かって凸となるようなティース部を複数有し、前記ティース部は、互いに対向するように組を成し、このうちの少なくとも1組は、前記巻線を具備しており、前記巻線を具備したティースの組に挟まれた状態で所定の空間を介して前記可動部が配置されるように構成すればよい。   In order to solve the above-described problem, in the winding switching device including a yoke having a winding to which a control current is applied and a movable portion, the yoke has a hollow cross-sectional shape and faces the inside of the yoke. There are a plurality of teeth portions that are convex, and the teeth portions form a pair so as to face each other, and at least one of them includes the windings, and includes the windings. What is necessary is just to comprise so that the said movable part may be arrange | positioned through predetermined space in the state pinched | interposed into the group of teeth.

本発明によれば、配線の接続工程を簡略化でき、かつ小形な巻線切替装置を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the connection process of wiring can be simplified and a small winding switching device can be provided.

本発明の一実施例による永久磁石同期機の電機子巻線と巻線切替回路の接続構成図。The connection block diagram of the armature winding and winding switching circuit of the permanent magnet synchronous machine by one Example of this invention. 電機子巻線の接続状態とトルク−回転数特性の関係図。The relationship figure of the connection state of an armature winding, and a torque-rotation speed characteristic. 従来の機械式リレーを用いて構成した一相分の巻線切替装置の構成図。The block diagram of the coil | winding switching apparatus for one phase comprised using the conventional mechanical relay. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替装置の構成図。The block diagram of the coil | winding switching apparatus by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替装置の構成図。The block diagram of the coil | winding switching apparatus by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部の断面構造図。The cross-section figure of the coil | winding switching operation | movement part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部の動作原理を示した模式図。The schematic diagram which showed the principle of operation of the coil | winding switching operation | movement part by one Example of this invention. 従来の巻線切替動作部の断面構造図。The cross-sectional structure figure of the conventional coil | winding switching operation | movement part. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部の断面構造図。The cross-section figure of the coil | winding switching operation | movement part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部の断面構造図。The cross-section figure of the coil | winding switching operation | movement part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部の断面構造図。The cross-section figure of the coil | winding switching operation | movement part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の斜視図。The perspective view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の斜視図。The perspective view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替装置の斜視図。1 is a perspective view of a winding switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の斜視図。The perspective view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の斜視図。The perspective view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の上面図。The top view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替装置の斜視図。1 is a perspective view of a winding switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施例による巻線切替端子部の斜視図。The perspective view of the coil | winding switching terminal part by one Example of this invention.

以下、本発明の一実施例について図面を参照して説明する。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の第1実施形態である永久磁石同期機の電機子巻線と、巻線切替回路との接続構成を示した配線図である。この接続構成は、特許文献1で開示された内容に近いが、単一の巻線切替装置を用いて複数の端子接続部を一括で切り替えられる点で異なっており、切替端子の構成(図3〜図5にて後述)および電磁石部分の構成(図6にて後述)も、特許文献2に記載の構成とは異なる。   FIG. 1 is a wiring diagram illustrating a connection configuration between an armature winding and a winding switching circuit of a permanent magnet synchronous machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This connection configuration is similar to the content disclosed in Patent Document 1, but is different in that a plurality of terminal connection portions can be switched at once using a single winding switching device. The configuration of the electromagnet portion (described later in FIG. 6) and the configuration described in Patent Document 2 are also different.

図1において、三相の永久磁石同期機30と、切替端子40とが、インバータ60に接続されている。具体的に、三相の永久磁石同期機30は、電機子巻線が各相2つの巻線(第1の巻線:U1,V1,W1、第2の巻線:U2,V2,W2)で構成されており、第1の巻線(U1,V1,W1)の一端は、三相電源用の端子31(図1では三相それぞれを31U,31V,31Wと表示)を介して、インバータ60に接続されている。第1の巻線(U1,V1,W1)の他端は、端子Tb1(Tb1U,Tb1V,Tb1W)に接続され、端子Tb2(Tb2U,Tb2V,Tb2W)を介して中性点50aに接続され、Y結線を構成するか、もしくは、端子Tb3(Tb3U,Tb3V,Tb3W)を介して、第2の巻線へと接続され、直列接続を構成する。第2の巻線(U2,V2,W2)の一端は、中性点50bに接続されY結線を構成し、他端は端子Ta2(Ta2U,Ta2V,Ta2W)に接続されている。また、端子Ta3(Ta3U,Ta3V,Ta3W)と端子Tb3(Tb3U,Tb3V,Tb3W)とは、互いに接続されている。 In FIG. 1, a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 and a switching terminal 40 are connected to an inverter 60. Specifically, in the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine 30, the armature winding has two windings in each phase (first winding: U1, V1, W1, second winding: U2, V2, W2). One end of the first winding (U1, V1, W1) is connected to an inverter through a terminal 31 for a three-phase power supply (in FIG. 1, the three phases are indicated as 31U, 31V, 31W, respectively). 60. Medium other end of the first winding (U1, V1, W1), the terminal T b1 (T b1U, T b1V , T b1W) is connected to the terminal Tb2 (T b2U, T b2V, T b2W) through It is connected to the sex point 50a and forms a Y connection, or is connected to the second winding via the terminal T b3 (T b3U , T b3V , T b3W ) to form a series connection. One end of the second winding (U2, V2, W2) constitute a Y-connection is connected to the neutral point 50b, the other end is connected to terminals T a2 (T a2U, T a2V , T a2W) to . The terminal T a3 (T a3U, T a3V , T a3W) and terminal T b3 (T b3U, T b3V , T b3W) and are connected to each other.

一方、インバータ60は、直流電源61が発生する直流電圧Eを三相の交流電圧に変換し、変換された交流電圧を、端子31(31u,31v,31w)を介して、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線に印加する。端子31は、端子Ta1、及び第1の巻線に接続されている。 On the other hand, the inverter 60 converts the DC voltage E generated by the DC power supply 61 into a three-phase AC voltage, and the converted AC voltage is transmitted to the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 via the terminal 31 (31u, 31v, 31w). Applied to the armature winding. The terminal 31 is connected to the terminal T a1 and the first winding.

巻線切替動作部1を構成する電磁石巻線32(32a,32b)の端子33a,33bは切替制御装置70に接続されている。これにより、切替端子40(Sa,Sb)は、制御回路70により同時に切り替えられる。制御回路70は、トランジスタなどの半導体素子を用いて構成されている。第1の巻線(U1,V1,W1)と第2の巻線(U2,V2,W2)とを直列接続する場合は、図1に記載のように、制御回路70は、端子Tb1と端子Tb3とを接続し、端子Ta3と端子Ta2とを接続する。一方、第1の巻線と第2の巻線とを並列接続する場合は、制御回路70は、端子Tb1と端子Tb2とを接続させ、端子Ta1と端子Ta2とを接続する。このとき、中性点50aと50bとは切り離してもよく、短絡してもよい。図1では第1の巻線と第2の巻線とは直列接続され、中性点50aと50bとは切り離されている。なお、各相の切替端子を独立に操作できるよう巻線切替動作部1を複数個設けてもよい。 The terminals 33a and 33b of the electromagnet windings 32 (32a and 32b) constituting the winding switching operation unit 1 are connected to the switching control device 70. Thereby, the switching terminals 40 (S a , S b ) are simultaneously switched by the control circuit 70. The control circuit 70 is configured using a semiconductor element such as a transistor. When the first winding (U1, V1, W1) and the second winding (U2, V2, W2) are connected in series, as shown in FIG. 1, the control circuit 70 is connected to the terminal Tb1 . The terminal T b3 is connected, and the terminal Ta 3 and the terminal Ta 2 are connected. On the other hand, when the first winding and the second winding are connected in parallel, the control circuit 70 connects the terminal T b1 and the terminal T b2 and connects the terminal T a1 and the terminal T a2 . At this time, the neutral points 50a and 50b may be separated or short-circuited. In FIG. 1, the first winding and the second winding are connected in series, and the neutral points 50a and 50b are disconnected. A plurality of winding switching operation units 1 may be provided so that the switching terminals for each phase can be operated independently.

図2は、電機子巻線の接続状態に応じた、トルク−回転速度の特性図である。永久磁石同期機30は、複数の電機子巻線を直列接続とし、巻数を多く設計した状態とすることにより、インバータの電流許容値を小さく抑えたまま、大トルクを発生することができる。一方、永久磁石同期機30は、複数の電機子巻線を並列接続とし、巻数を小さく設計した状態とすることにより、高速回転領域を拡大することができる。なお、永久磁石同期機30は、回転速度が低いときは定トルクで、回転速度が高くなると定出力で駆動されることが多い。   FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of torque-rotation speed according to the connection state of the armature winding. The permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 can generate a large torque while keeping the allowable current value of the inverter small by setting a plurality of armature windings in series and having a large number of turns. On the other hand, the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 can expand a high-speed rotation area by connecting a plurality of armature windings in parallel and setting the number of turns to be small. The permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 is often driven with a constant torque when the rotation speed is low, and with a constant output when the rotation speed is high.

図3は、従来の機械式リレーを用いて構成した一相分の巻線切替装置で、図3に示す切替端子40は図1のうち、SaU,Ta1U,Ta2U,Ta3Uで構成される部分に相当する。図3において、図1と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図3のSaUは、構造部材20を介して巻線切替動作部1(図6にて詳述)の可動子4に連結されている。制御装置70は、固定子2に巻き回された電磁石巻線32へ通電制御を行い、可動子4を上下移動させることにより切替端子40の接続状態を自在に切り替える構成となっている。端子Ta2Uは導体板401を介して端子Ta3Uに接続されるか、または導体板301を介して端子Ta1Uに接続される。 FIG. 3 is a one-phase winding switching device constructed using a conventional mechanical relay, and the switching terminal 40 shown in FIG. 3 is composed of S aU , Ta1U , Ta2U , Ta3U of FIG. It corresponds to the part to be done. In FIG. 3, the same components as those in FIG. S aU of Figure 3, is connected to the movable element 4 of the winding switching operation section 1 through the structural member 20 (described in detail in FIG. 6). The control device 70 is configured to perform energization control on the electromagnet winding 32 wound around the stator 2 and freely switch the connection state of the switching terminal 40 by moving the mover 4 up and down. The terminal Ta2U is connected to the terminal Ta3U via the conductor plate 401, or is connected to the terminal Ta1U via the conductor plate 301.

従来技術では三相永久磁石同期機の巻線切替装置を構成する場合、図3に示すような切替装置が計6個必要となる。すなわち、従来の機械式リレーを単純に組み合わせただけでは、端子部分の配線が複雑となり製造工程が複雑化するほか、巻線切替装置のサイズが大きくなる、という課題があった。したがって、端子部分の配線簡略化、および切替装置の小形化は実用上きわめて有用である。   In the prior art, when configuring a winding switching device of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine, a total of six switching devices as shown in FIG. 3 are required. That is, simply combining conventional mechanical relays has a problem that the wiring of the terminal portion is complicated and the manufacturing process is complicated, and the size of the winding switching device is increased. Therefore, simplification of wiring at the terminal portion and downsizing of the switching device are extremely useful in practice.

図4および図5に、巻線切替装置の配線簡略化および小形化を実現した構成を示す。図4および図5に示す切替端子40は、図1に示した三相分の切替端子Sa,Ta,Sb,Tbに相当する。図4および図5において、図1と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。まず、図4側面図のように、切替端子SaU,SbUが紙面奥行き方向手前側に向かって順に並べられ、かつSaU,SbUが導体板201に接触している場合を考える。ここで、図示していないが、SaU,SbUの紙面奥行き方向手前側に向かってSaV,SbV,SaW,SbWがさらに順に並べられている。前記6つの切替端子は、構造部材20を介して巻線切替動作部1(図6にて詳述)の可動子4に連結されている。制御装置70は、固定子2に巻き回された電磁石巻線32へ通電制御を行い、可動子4を上下移動させることにより切替端子40の接続状態を自在に切り替える構成となっている。 4 and 5 show a configuration in which the wiring switching device is simplified and miniaturized. The switching terminal 40 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 corresponds to the switching terminals S a , T a , S b , and T b for the three phases shown in FIG. 4 and 5, the same components as those in FIG. First, consider a case where the switching terminals S aU and S bU are sequentially arranged toward the front side in the depth direction of the drawing and S aU and S bU are in contact with the conductor plate 201 as shown in the side view of FIG. Here, although not shown, S aV , S bV , S aW , and S bW are further arranged in order toward the front side of the depth direction of S aU and S bU in the drawing . The six switching terminals are connected to the mover 4 of the winding switching operation unit 1 (detailed in FIG. 6) via the structural member 20. The control device 70 is configured to perform energization control on the electromagnet winding 32 wound around the stator 2 and freely switch the connection state of the switching terminal 40 by moving the mover 4 up and down.

図4上面図において、端子Tb1Uと端子Ta2Uとは導体板201を介して接続され、端子Tb1Vと端子Ta2Vとは導体板203を介して接続され、端子Tb1Wと端子Ta2Wとは導体板205を介してそれぞれ接続される。導体板201,203,205はそれぞれ絶縁材210で絶縁されている。この状態は、図1に示した第1巻線(U1,V1,W1)と第2巻線(U2,V2,W2)とが直列接続された状態に相当し、図1記載の端子Ta3UおよびTb3Uによる短絡結線の役割を、図4の導体板201が担っている。図1記載の端子Ta3VおよびTb3V,Ta3WおよびTb3Wによる短絡結線の役割に関しても同様に、図4の導体板203,205が担っている。 In the top view of FIG. 4, the terminal T b1U and the terminal Ta 2U are connected via the conductor plate 201, the terminal T b1V and the terminal Ta 2V are connected via the conductor plate 203, and the terminal T b1W and the terminal Ta 2W Are connected to each other via a conductor plate 205. The conductor plates 201, 203, and 205 are each insulated by an insulating material 210. This state corresponds to a state in which the first windings (U1, V1, W1) and the second windings (U2, V2, W2) shown in FIG. 1 are connected in series, and the terminal Ta 3U shown in FIG. And the conductor plate 201 of FIG. 4 plays the role of the short circuit connection by Tb3U . Similarly, the conductor plates 203 and 205 of FIG. 4 are responsible for the role of short-circuit connection by the terminals Ta 3V and T b3V , T a3W and T b3W shown in FIG.

一方、図5側面図のように、切替装置SaU,SbUが紙面奥行き方向手前側に並べられ、かつSaU,SbUが導体板301,302にそれぞれ接触している場合を考える。ここで、図4側面図と同様に、SaU,SbUの紙面奥行き方向手前側に向かってSaV,SbV,SaW,SbWがさらに順に並べられている。前記6つの切替端子は、構造部材20を介して巻線切替動作部1(図6にて詳述)の可動子4に連結されており、図4では可動子4が上側に位置していたのに対し、図5では下側に位置する構成となっている。図5上面図において、端子Tb1Uと端子Tb1Vと端子Tb1Wとは導体板302を介して接続され、端子Ta1Uと端子Ta2Uとは導体板301を介して接続され、端子Ta1Vと端子Ta2Vとは導体板303を介して接続され、端子Ta1Wと端子Ta2Wとは導体板305を介してそれぞれ接続される。導体板301,302,303,305はそれぞれ絶縁材310で絶縁されている。この状態は、図1の回路図に示す第1巻線(U1,V1,W1)と第2巻線(U2,V2,W2)とが並列接続された状態に相当する。すなわち、図1では、端子Tb1U,Tb1V,Tb1Wが、端子Tb2U,Tb2V,Tb2Wを介して中性点50aで短絡されており、このうち端子Tb2U,Tb2V,Tb2Wおよび中性点50aによる短絡結線の役割を、図5の導体板302が担っている。 On the other hand, as shown in the side view of FIG. 5, consider a case where the switching devices S aU and S bU are arranged on the front side in the depth direction of the drawing , and S aU and S bU are in contact with the conductor plates 301 and 302, respectively. Here, as in the side view of FIG. 4, S aV , S bV , S aW , and S bW are further arranged in order toward the front side in the depth direction of S aU and S bU . The six switching terminals are connected to the mover 4 of the winding switching operation unit 1 (detailed in FIG. 6) via the structural member 20, and the mover 4 is located on the upper side in FIG. On the other hand, in FIG. 5, it has the structure located below. In the top view of FIG. 5, the terminal T b1U , the terminal T b1V and the terminal T b1W are connected via the conductor plate 302, the terminal Ta1U and the terminal Ta2U are connected via the conductor plate 301, and the terminal Ta1V and The terminal Ta2V is connected through a conductor plate 303, and the terminal Ta1W and the terminal Ta2W are connected through a conductor plate 305, respectively. The conductor plates 301, 302, 303, and 305 are insulated by an insulating material 310, respectively. This state corresponds to a state in which the first windings (U1, V1, W1) and the second windings (U2, V2, W2) shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 are connected in parallel. That is, in FIG. 1, the terminal T b1U, T b1V, T b1W is, the terminal T b2U, T b2V, via a T B2W are short-circuited at a neutral point 50a, these terminals T b2U, T b2V, T b2W The conductor plate 302 in FIG. 5 plays the role of short-circuit connection by the neutral point 50a.

以上のように、巻線切替装置を図4および図5に示す構成とすることで、端子部分の配線簡略化および小形化が可能となる。巻線切替装置は、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線内周側や外周側の空きスペースに設置してもよいし、他の空きスペースを有効活用できるのであれば、どこに設置してもよいし、永久磁石同期機30とは別の設置スペースを新たに設けて設置してもよい。このような巻線切替装置を用いることで、インバータ容量を増加することなく可変速運転範囲を拡大できる。特に、低速運転時には直列接続とすることで、制御応答性向上や、最大トルク向上が可能となる。同時に、電流低減により、インバータ導通損の低減、ならびに半導体素子の温度上昇緩和、およびインバータ効率の向上を図ることができる。同時に、インダクタンス増加により、モータ電流のキャリア高調波成分が低減するため、鉄損低減、ならびにモータの温度上昇緩和といった効果が得られる。   As described above, when the winding switching device is configured as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the wiring of the terminal portion can be simplified and miniaturized. The winding switching device may be installed in an empty space on the inner peripheral side or outer peripheral side of the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30, or may be installed anywhere as long as other empty spaces can be used effectively. Alternatively, a new installation space different from the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 may be provided. By using such a winding switching device, the variable speed operation range can be expanded without increasing the inverter capacity. In particular, the control response and the maximum torque can be improved by connecting in series during low-speed operation. At the same time, by reducing the current, the inverter conduction loss can be reduced, the temperature rise of the semiconductor element can be reduced, and the inverter efficiency can be improved. At the same time, the increase in inductance reduces the carrier harmonic component of the motor current, so the effects of reducing iron loss and mitigating the temperature rise of the motor can be obtained.

なお、図4および図5に記載した切替端子40の可動端子部401〜406は、接続状態を自在に切り替えられる構成であれば、一列に並べる必要はなく、どのような構成であってもよい。巻線切替動作部1の設置場所に関しても、可動端子部401〜406を自在に移動させられる構成であれば、どのような配置であってもよい。   The movable terminal portions 401 to 406 of the switching terminal 40 described in FIGS. 4 and 5 do not have to be arranged in a line as long as the connection state can be freely switched, and any configuration may be used. . Regarding the installation location of the winding switching operation unit 1, any arrangement may be used as long as the movable terminal units 401 to 406 can be freely moved.

また、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線が各相n個(nは自然数)の巻線で構成される場合においても、上記と同様に構成した巻線切替装置を用いることで、直列接続と並列接続とを切り替えることができる。また、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線が各相2n個の巻線で構成される場合は、2並列の巻線をn個直列に接続することもできる。同様に、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線が各相m×n個(mは3以上の自然数)の巻線で構成される場合は、m並列の巻線をn個直列に接続することもできる。また、上記において永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線を構成する複数の巻線全てに通電するのではなく、一部の巻線のみに通電するように接続してもよい。   In addition, even when the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 is composed of n windings (n is a natural number) in each phase, the winding switching device configured in the same manner as described above can be used to connect in series. And parallel connection can be switched. When the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 is composed of 2n windings for each phase, n parallel windings can be connected in series. Similarly, when the armature windings of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 are composed of m × n windings (m is a natural number of 3 or more) in each phase, n m parallel windings are connected in series. You can also. Further, in the above description, it is possible to connect so as to energize only a part of the windings instead of energizing all of the plurality of windings constituting the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30.

また、上記と同様に構成した巻線切替装置を用いることで、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線を、Y結線およびΔ結線に自在に切り替えることもできる。   Moreover, the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 can be freely switched between Y connection and Δ connection by using a winding switching device configured in the same manner as described above.

また、上記の巻線切替装置は発電機にも適用することができる。   The winding switching device described above can also be applied to a generator.

また、上記の巻線切替装置は単相モータにも適用することができる。単相モータの場合、1スロットに格納されるコイルを、複数組のコイルで構成することで、効果的に直列接続と並列接続とを切り替えることが可能となる。   The winding switching device described above can also be applied to a single-phase motor. In the case of a single-phase motor, it is possible to effectively switch between serial connection and parallel connection by configuring a coil stored in one slot with a plurality of sets of coils.

電磁石巻線32の通電電流は、制御回路70により制御する。制御回路はトランジスタなどの半導体素子を用いて構成する。なお、電動機の電機子巻線の端子と切替端子40とを接続する場合、接点がオンとなった瞬間に大電流が流れ、接点にスパークを生じて焼き付きが起こる可能性がある。これを防ぐため、スパークキラー(コンデンサと抵抗器を直列に接続した電子部品)やバリスタ(過電圧を吸収する半導体素子)を用いて、接点と並列に接続してもよい。   The energization current of the electromagnet winding 32 is controlled by the control circuit 70. The control circuit is configured using a semiconductor element such as a transistor. When the terminal of the armature winding of the motor and the switching terminal 40 are connected, a large current flows at the moment when the contact is turned on, and there is a possibility that a spark will occur at the contact and burn-in will occur. In order to prevent this, a spark killer (an electronic component in which a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series) or a varistor (a semiconductor element that absorbs overvoltage) may be used to connect in parallel with the contact.

図6は、本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部1の断面構造図である。可動子4の状態を切り替えるための制御電流が印加される巻線32a(32a1と32a2の組),32b(32b1と32b2の組)と、これらを具備したティース5a,5bと、可動接点を備えた可動子4とで構成される巻線切替動作部において、ヨーク3が中空の断面形状を有するとともに、前記ヨーク3の内側に向かって凸となるようなティース部を複数有し、かつ、前記ティース部は互いに対向するように組を成し、このうちの少なくとも1組は、前記制御電流が印加される巻線32a,巻線32bを具備しており、前記巻線32a,32bを具備したティース5a,5bに挟まれるように、かつ、所定の空隙を介して前記可動子4が配置される。前記巻線32a,32bを具備したティース5a,5bとは別のティース組であって、かつ、前記巻線32a,32bを具備したティース5a,5bの対向軸とは異なる対向軸を有するティース6a,6bが、各々永久磁石7a,7bを有しており、永久磁石7a,7bの磁化容易方向は、永久磁石を有するティース6a,6bの凸方向であって、かつ、対向する永久磁石7a,7bの内側の磁極は同極となり、前記永久磁石を具備したティース6a,6bに挟まれるように、かつ、所定の空隙を介して前記可動子4が配置される。可動子4を構成する可動ヨーク9は磁性体で構成され、積層鋼板を用いても良いし、塊状鉄心等を用いても良く、また圧粉磁心等を成形したものでも良い。また、可動ヨーク9と永久磁石7とを、圧粉磁心とボンド磁石とで一体成形したものでもよい。   FIG. 6 is a sectional structural view of the winding switching operation unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Windings 32a (a set of 32a1 and 32a2) and 32b (a set of 32b1 and 32b2) to which a control current for switching the state of the mover 4 is applied, teeth 5a and 5b including these, and a movable contact are provided. In the winding switching operation portion constituted by the movable element 4, the yoke 3 has a hollow cross-sectional shape, and has a plurality of teeth portions that protrude toward the inside of the yoke 3, and The teeth portions are paired so as to face each other, and at least one of them includes a winding 32a and a winding 32b to which the control current is applied, and includes the windings 32a and 32b. The movable element 4 is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the teeth 5a and 5b and through a predetermined gap. Teeth 6a which is a tooth set different from the teeth 5a and 5b having the windings 32a and 32b and has an opposite axis different from the opposite axis of the teeth 5a and 5b having the windings 32a and 32b. 6b have permanent magnets 7a and 7b, respectively, and the direction of easy magnetization of the permanent magnets 7a and 7b is the convex direction of the teeth 6a and 6b having permanent magnets, and the permanent magnets 7a and 7b facing each other. The magnetic poles on the inner side of 7b have the same polarity, and the mover 4 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the teeth 6a and 6b having the permanent magnets and through a predetermined gap. The movable yoke 9 constituting the movable element 4 is made of a magnetic material, and may be a laminated steel plate, a massive iron core, or the like, or a molded powder magnetic core. Alternatively, the movable yoke 9 and the permanent magnet 7 may be integrally formed with a dust core and a bond magnet.

図7は、図6記載による巻線切替動作部の動作原理を示した模式図である。図7において、図6と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。   FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the operation principle of the winding switching operation unit according to FIG. In FIG. 7, the same components as those in FIG.

図7(a)は、可動子4が下側に位置する構成となっており、図5記載の構成に等しい。電磁石巻線32a,32bは励磁されていない。永久磁石7a,7bによる磁束10a,10bは実線で示すような経路となる。すなわち、永久磁石7a,7bから中空部分に向けて発生する磁束は、可動ヨーク9を介してティース5b側へ透過し、ティース5bの根元側で二手に分かれ、それぞれ固定子ヨーク3を介して永久磁石7a,7bに還流する。このとき、可動ヨーク9とティース5bとは、ともに下向きに磁化されるため、両者の間には磁気的な吸引力が発生する。これによって、電磁石巻線32に励磁していない状態でも、可動子4は下側に位置する状態で固定される、すなわち図5記載の状態で切替端子40が保持される。   FIG. 7A shows a configuration in which the mover 4 is positioned on the lower side, and is equivalent to the configuration shown in FIG. The electromagnet windings 32a and 32b are not excited. The magnetic fluxes 10a and 10b by the permanent magnets 7a and 7b are paths as shown by solid lines. That is, the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnets 7 a and 7 b toward the hollow portion is transmitted to the teeth 5 b side through the movable yoke 9, and is divided into two hands on the root side of the teeth 5 b, and each permanent through the stator yoke 3. It returns to the magnets 7a and 7b. At this time, since the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5b are both magnetized downward, a magnetic attractive force is generated between them. Accordingly, even when the electromagnet winding 32 is not excited, the mover 4 is fixed in a state of being positioned on the lower side, that is, the switching terminal 40 is held in the state shown in FIG.

図7(b)は、可動子4が下側に位置する状態で、電磁石巻線32a,32bに励磁した場合を示している。巻線32aには永久磁石7a,7bの磁化方向と同一方向の磁束を発生するよう励磁する(巻線32a1には紙面から向かってくる方向に通電し、巻線32a2には紙面奥行き方向に通電する)ことで、巻線32aによる磁束11aは点線で示すような経路となる。すなわち、ティース5aを上向きに透過する磁束は、ティース5aの根元側で二手に分かれ、それぞれ固定子ヨーク3を介して永久磁石7a,7bを透過し、そこから中空部分に向かい、可動ヨーク9を介してティース5a側へと還流する。このとき、可動ヨーク9下部とティース5aとは、ともに上向きに磁化されるため、両者の間には磁気的な吸引力が発生する。一方で、巻線32bには永久磁石7a,7bの磁化方向と逆向きの磁束を発生するよう励磁する(巻線32b1には紙面から向かってくる方向に通電し、巻線32b2には紙面奥行き方向に通電する)ことで、巻線32bによる磁束11bは点線で示すような経路となる。すなわち、ティース5bから中空部分に向けて発生する磁束は、可動ヨーク9を介して二手に分かれ、それぞれ永久磁石7a,7bを透過し、固定子ヨーク3を介してティース5bへと還流する。このとき、永久磁石7aおよび7bによる磁束10aおよび10bと、巻線32bによる磁束11bとは互いに逆向きに発生するため、可動ヨーク9上部とティース5bの磁化は小さくなり、図7(a)において両者の間に発生していた磁気的な吸引力は低下する。以上より、可動ヨーク9下部とティース5aとの磁気的吸引力が支配的となり、可動子4はティース5bを離れてティース5a側に移動する。   FIG. 7B shows a case where the electromagnet windings 32a and 32b are excited while the mover 4 is positioned on the lower side. The winding 32a is excited to generate a magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 7a and 7b (the winding 32a1 is energized in the direction coming from the plane of the paper, and the winding 32a2 is energized in the direction of the depth of the page). By doing so, the magnetic flux 11a by the winding 32a becomes a path as shown by a dotted line. That is, the magnetic flux that passes upward through the teeth 5a is split into two at the root side of the teeth 5a, passes through the permanent magnets 7a and 7b through the stator yoke 3, respectively, and from there toward the hollow portion, Through to the tooth 5a side. At this time, since the lower part of the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5a are both magnetized upward, a magnetic attractive force is generated between them. On the other hand, the winding 32b is excited so as to generate a magnetic flux in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 7a and 7b (the winding 32b1 is energized in the direction from the plane of the paper, and the winding 32b2 has a depth of the plane of the paper). By energizing in the direction, the magnetic flux 11b by the winding 32b becomes a path as shown by a dotted line. That is, the magnetic flux generated from the tooth 5b toward the hollow portion is split into two hands via the movable yoke 9, passes through the permanent magnets 7a and 7b, respectively, and returns to the tooth 5b via the stator yoke 3. At this time, since the magnetic fluxes 10a and 10b by the permanent magnets 7a and 7b and the magnetic flux 11b by the winding 32b are generated in opposite directions, the magnetization of the upper portion of the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5b becomes small, and in FIG. The magnetic attractive force generated between the two decreases. From the above, the magnetic attractive force between the lower part of the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5a becomes dominant, and the movable element 4 moves away from the teeth 5b toward the teeth 5a.

図7(c)は、図7(b)と同様の励磁状態で可動子4が上側に移動した状態を示している。巻線32a,32bによる磁束11a,11bは点線で示すような経路となる。一方、永久磁石7a,7bによる磁束10a,10bは実線で示すような経路となる。すなわち、永久磁石7a,7bから中空部分に向けて発生する磁束は、可動ヨーク9を介してティース5a側へ透過し、ティース5aの根元側で二手に分かれ、それぞれ固定子ヨーク3を介して永久磁石7a,7bに還流する。このとき、可動ヨーク9とティース5aとは、ともに上向きに磁化されるため、両者の間には磁気的な吸引力が発生する。また、磁束10a,10b,11aによる磁化が全て同一方向となるため、磁気吸引力の大きさは、図7(a),(b)記載の場合と比較して大きくなる。このため、構造部材20の機械強度は、図7(c)記載の状態における磁気吸引力に耐えうるよう設計する必要があり、高強度材の適用によりコスト増を招く可能性もある。したがって、図7(c)記載の状態における磁気吸引力を小さくするような設計が望ましく、これに関しては図9にて説明する。   FIG. 7C shows a state where the mover 4 has moved upward in the same excited state as in FIG. 7B. The magnetic fluxes 11a and 11b by the windings 32a and 32b have paths as shown by dotted lines. On the other hand, the magnetic fluxes 10a and 10b by the permanent magnets 7a and 7b are paths as shown by solid lines. That is, the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnets 7 a and 7 b toward the hollow portion is transmitted to the teeth 5 a side through the movable yoke 9, and is divided into two hands on the root side of the teeth 5 a, and each permanent through the stator yoke 3. It returns to the magnets 7a and 7b. At this time, since the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5a are both magnetized upward, a magnetic attractive force is generated between them. In addition, since the magnetizations by the magnetic fluxes 10a, 10b, and 11a are all in the same direction, the magnitude of the magnetic attraction force is larger than that shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). For this reason, it is necessary to design the mechanical strength of the structural member 20 so as to withstand the magnetic attraction force in the state shown in FIG. 7C, and there is a possibility of increasing the cost due to the application of a high strength material. Therefore, a design that reduces the magnetic attractive force in the state shown in FIG. 7C is desirable, and this will be described with reference to FIG.

図7(c)の励磁状態を取り除くと、可動子4が上側に位置した状態で、巻線32a,32bによる磁束11a,11bが消え、永久磁石7a,7bによる磁束10a,10bが残る。このとき、可動ヨーク9とティース5aとは、ともに上向きに磁化されるため、両者の間には磁気的な吸引力が発生する。この状態は、図7(a)記載の状態と相対である。以上より、電磁石巻線32に励磁していない状態でも、可動子4は上側に位置する状態で固定される、すなわち図4記載の状態で切替端子40が保持される。   When the excitation state in FIG. 7C is removed, the magnetic fluxes 11a and 11b due to the windings 32a and 32b disappear while the movable element 4 is located on the upper side, and the magnetic fluxes 10a and 10b due to the permanent magnets 7a and 7b remain. At this time, since the movable yoke 9 and the teeth 5a are both magnetized upward, a magnetic attractive force is generated between them. This state is relative to the state shown in FIG. As described above, even when the electromagnet winding 32 is not excited, the movable element 4 is fixed in a state of being positioned on the upper side, that is, the switching terminal 40 is held in the state shown in FIG.

図8は先行文献2記載の巻線切替動作部1の断面構造図である。図8において、図6と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図8の構成が図6と異なる点は、ティース5a,5bが無い点である。このような構成とする場合、巻線32a,32bいずれかの漏れ磁束が大きくなる(図8では巻線32aがこれに該当)ほか、可動ヨーク9と固定子ヨーク3の磁気的ギャップ長が大きくなる(図8では巻線32a側のギャップがこれに該当)ため、電磁石巻線の巻数を多くしたり、電磁石巻線の線径を太くして大電流に耐えられるようにしたりする必要が生じ、電磁石巻線の大型化、ひいては巻線切替装置の大型化を招く。   FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the winding switching operation unit 1 described in Prior Literature 2. In FIG. 8, the same components as those in FIG. The configuration of FIG. 8 is different from that of FIG. 6 in that there are no teeth 5a and 5b. In the case of such a configuration, the leakage magnetic flux of either of the windings 32a and 32b increases (in FIG. 8, the winding 32a corresponds to this), and the magnetic gap length between the movable yoke 9 and the stator yoke 3 increases. (The gap on the winding 32a side corresponds to this in FIG. 8), so it is necessary to increase the number of turns of the electromagnet winding or increase the wire diameter of the electromagnet winding so that it can withstand a large current. Therefore, the electromagnet winding is increased in size, and consequently the winding switching device is increased in size.

以上より、本発明によれば、巻線切替動作部1の状態切替時において、コイルに流す制御電流を大幅に小さくしたりヨークおよびコイルを大幅に小型化したりすることができる。また、永久磁石の吸引力によって双安定リレーを動作状態および休止状態に維持することができるため、復帰バネなどを用いる必要がなくなるので、双安定リレーを小型化することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, when the state of the winding switching operation unit 1 is switched, the control current flowing through the coil can be significantly reduced, and the yoke and the coil can be greatly reduced in size. Further, since the bistable relay can be maintained in the operating state and the resting state by the attraction force of the permanent magnet, it is not necessary to use a return spring or the like, so that the bistable relay can be reduced in size.

図9は、本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部1の断面構造図である。図9において、図6と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図9の構成が図6と異なる点は、可動ヨーク9において奥行き方向のスリット21が施されている点である。このような構成とすることで、図7(c)記載の磁束11aによる磁化を小さくすることができ、機械強度の小さな構造部材20でも構成可能となる。   FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the winding switching operation unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 9, the same components as those in FIG. The configuration of FIG. 9 is different from that of FIG. 6 in that a slit 21 in the depth direction is provided in the movable yoke 9. By setting it as such a structure, the magnetization by the magnetic flux 11a of FIG.7 (c) can be made small, and it can also comprise also the structural member 20 with small mechanical strength.

図10は本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部1の断面構造図である。図10において、図6と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図10の構成が図6と異なる点は、ティース6a,6bが無く、永久磁石7a,7bが可動ヨーク9の左右端部に配置されている点である。このような構成でも、図6記載の巻線切替動作部と同様に、切替端子40の切り替え、保持を実現できる。なお、可動ヨーク9にスリットを設けることで、図9で説明した効果と同様、機械強度の小さな構造部材20でも構成可能となる。   FIG. 10 is a sectional structural view of the winding switching operation unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 10, the same components as those in FIG. The configuration of FIG. 10 is different from that of FIG. 6 in that there are no teeth 6 a and 6 b and the permanent magnets 7 a and 7 b are arranged at the left and right ends of the movable yoke 9. Even with such a configuration, switching and holding of the switching terminal 40 can be realized in the same manner as the winding switching operation unit shown in FIG. In addition, by providing the slit in the movable yoke 9, it is possible to configure the structural member 20 having a low mechanical strength as in the effect described with reference to FIG.

図11は、本発明の一実施例による巻線切替動作部1の断面構造図である。図11において、図6と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図11の構成が図6と異なる点は、固定子ヨーク3が上下に分割され固定子ヨーク3a,3bで構成されている点、および永久磁石7a,7bが可動ヨーク9に埋め込まれた形で配置されている点である。このような構成でも、図6記載の巻線切替動作部と同様に、切替端子40の切り替え、保持を実現できる。なお、可動ヨーク9にスリットを設けることで、例えば図9で説明した効果と同様、機械強度の小さな構造部材20でも構成可能となる。   FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the winding switching operation unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, the same components as those of FIG. The configuration of FIG. 11 differs from that of FIG. 6 in that the stator yoke 3 is divided into upper and lower portions and configured by stator yokes 3a and 3b, and the permanent magnets 7a and 7b are embedded in the movable yoke 9. It is a point that is arranged. Even with such a configuration, switching and holding of the switching terminal 40 can be realized in the same manner as the winding switching operation unit shown in FIG. In addition, by providing the slit in the movable yoke 9, for example, the structural member 20 having a low mechanical strength can be configured as in the effect described in FIG.

図12は切替端子40の別の形態による一実施例の斜視図である。図12において、図4および図5と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。切替端子40の可動部400は、巻線切替動作部1(図示していない)により自在に上下に移動でき、切替端子40の固定部200および300のいずれかと合致する構成となる。   FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an example of another embodiment of the switching terminal 40. In FIG. 12, the same components as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is avoided. The movable part 400 of the switching terminal 40 can be freely moved up and down by the winding switching operation part 1 (not shown), and is configured to match one of the fixed parts 200 and 300 of the switching terminal 40.

可動部400は非導電部材で構成され、互いに電気的に絶縁された導体板401〜406を具備している。導体板401には端子Ta2Uが接合されており、端子Ta2Uは面401cに直付けしてもよいし、面401cに突起状の端子接合部を設けて接合してもよいし、クラスタ等で前記突起部に嵌合させる構成としてもよい。また、他の導体板との電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、面400aの一部や他の部位など、どの部位に接合してもよい。他の導体板402〜406に関しても同様に、導体板402と端子Tb1Uが、導体板403と端子Ta2Vが、導体板404と端子Tb1Vが、導体板405と端子Ta2Wが、導体板406と端子Tb1Wがそれぞれ接合されている。導体板401〜406は、固定部200と接する面401b〜406bと、固定部300と接する面401d〜406dとを有しており、面401c〜406cの反対側の面400aには導体板が無い。ただし、導体板どうしの電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、面400aに導体板を設けてもよいし、また、導体板401〜406の形状もそれぞれ異なっていてもよい。 The movable part 400 is made of a non-conductive member and includes conductor plates 401 to 406 that are electrically insulated from each other. A terminal Ta2U is joined to the conductor plate 401, and the terminal Ta2U may be directly attached to the surface 401c, or may be joined by providing a projecting terminal joint on the surface 401c, or a cluster or the like. It is good also as a structure fitted by the said projection part. Moreover, as long as electrical insulation with another conductor plate is maintained, you may join to any site | parts, such as a part of surface 400a, and another site | part. Similarly for the other conductor plates 402 to 406, the conductor plate 402 and the terminal T b1U , the conductor plate 403 and the terminal Ta 2V , the conductor plate 404 and the terminal T b1V , the conductor plate 405 and the terminal Ta 2W are the conductor plate. 406 and terminal T b1W are joined together. The conductor plates 401 to 406 have surfaces 401b to 406b in contact with the fixed portion 200 and surfaces 401d to 406d in contact with the fixed portion 300, and there is no conductor plate on the surface 400a opposite to the surfaces 401c to 406c. . However, as long as electrical insulation between the conductor plates is maintained, a conductor plate may be provided on the surface 400a, and the shapes of the conductor plates 401 to 406 may be different from each other.

固定部200は、導体板201,203,205を具備しているが、図12では固定部200の影に位置しているため、固定部200,300および可動部400を透明化した状態を図13に示す。   The fixed portion 200 includes conductor plates 201, 203, and 205. In FIG. 12, since the fixed portion 200 is located in the shadow of the fixed portion 200, the fixed portions 200 and 300 and the movable portion 400 are shown in a transparent state. It is shown in FIG.

図13において、導体板201は面201b,212,202bから成り、同様に、導体板203は面203b,234,204bから成り、導体板205は面205b,256,206bから成る。可動部400が固定部200と合致しているとき、可動部400の面401b,402bはそれぞれ固定部200の面201b,202bと接する、すなわち、面401cと402cにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2UとTb1Uとが導体板201によって電気的に短絡される。同様にして、可動部400の面403b,404bはそれぞれ固定部200の面203b,204bと、面405b,406bはそれぞれ面205b,206bと接する。すなわち、面403cと404cにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2VとTb1Vとが導体板203によって電気的に短絡され、面405cと406cにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2WとTb1Wとが導体板205によって電気的に短絡される。この状態は、図4記載の状態と等価であり、すなわち永久磁石同期機30に巻き回された第1の巻線と第2の巻線(図1参照)が直列接続となる。図4の構成と異なる点は、導体板201,203,205が互いに段違いで配置されており、導体板201と203との間に面223が配されることで所定の絶縁距離を確保することが可能となり、同様に、導体板203と205との間にも面245が配されており、これによって図4記載の絶縁材210が不要となる点である。 In FIG. 13, the conductor plate 201 is composed of surfaces 201b, 212, and 202b. Similarly, the conductor plate 203 is composed of surfaces 203b, 234, and 204b, and the conductor plate 205 is composed of surfaces 205b, 256, and 206b. When the movable part 400 matches the fixed part 200, the surfaces 401b and 402b of the movable part 400 are in contact with the surfaces 201b and 202b of the fixed part 200, that is, the terminals Ta2U respectively joined to the surfaces 401c and 402c. T b1U is electrically short-circuited by the conductor plate 201. Similarly, the surfaces 403b and 404b of the movable portion 400 are in contact with the surfaces 203b and 204b of the fixed portion 200, respectively, and the surfaces 405b and 406b are in contact with the surfaces 205b and 206b, respectively. That is, the terminals Ta 2V and T b1V bonded to the surfaces 403c and 404c are electrically short-circuited by the conductor plate 203, and the terminals Ta 2W and T b1W respectively bonded to the surfaces 405c and 406c are connected by the conductor plate 205. Electrically shorted. This state is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. 4, that is, the first winding and the second winding (see FIG. 1) wound around the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 are connected in series. A difference from the configuration of FIG. 4 is that the conductor plates 201, 203, and 205 are arranged in a stepped manner, and a surface 223 is disposed between the conductor plates 201 and 203 to ensure a predetermined insulation distance. Similarly, the surface 245 is also disposed between the conductor plates 203 and 205, which eliminates the need for the insulating material 210 shown in FIG.

一方、固定部300は、導体板301,303,305を具備しており、導体板301は面301c,301dから成り、同様に、導体板303は面303c,303dから成り、導体板305は面305c,305dから成り、導体板302は面302c,302d,304c,304d,306c,306dから成る。   On the other hand, the fixing portion 300 includes conductor plates 301, 303, and 305. The conductor plate 301 includes surfaces 301c and 301d. Similarly, the conductor plate 303 includes surfaces 303c and 303d, and the conductor plate 305 includes surfaces. The conductive plate 302 is composed of surfaces 302c, 302d, 304c, 304d, 306c, and 306d.

導体板301には端子Ta1Uが接合されており、端子Ta1Uは面301cに直付けしてもよいし、面301cに突起状の端子接合部を設けて接合してもよいし、クラスタ等を用いて前記突起部に嵌合させる構成としてもよい。また、他の導体板との電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、どの部位に接合してもよい。 The conductive plate 301 has terminals T A1U is joined, the terminal T A1U is may be directly attached to the surface 301c, may be joined by providing a protruding pin junction surface 301c, clusters, etc. It is good also as a structure fitted to the said projection part using. Moreover, as long as electrical insulation with another conductor plate is maintained, you may join to any site | part.

導体板303,305に関しても同様に、導体板303に端子Ta1Vが、導体板305に端子Ta1Wがそれぞれ接合されている。可動部400が固定部300と合致しているとき、可動部400の面401d〜406dはそれぞれ固定部300の面301d〜306dと接する。すなわち、面401cに接合された端子Ta2Uと面301cに接合された端子Ta1Uが電気的に短絡され、同様にして、面403cに接合された端子Ta2Vと面303cに接合された端子Ta1Vが電気的に短絡される。また、面405cに接合された端子Ta2Wと面305cに接合された端子Ta1Wが電気的に短絡される。また、面402cに接合された端子Tb1Uと、面404cに接合された端子Tb1Vと、面406cに接合された端子Tb1Wは、いずれも導体板302によって電気的に短絡される。この状態は、図5記載の状態と等価である。すなわち永久磁石同期機30が具備する第1の巻線と第2の巻線は並列接続となる(図1参照)。 Similarly with respect to the conductive plate 303 and 305, the terminal T A1V to the conductive plate 303, the terminal T A1W are respectively joined to the conductive plate 305. When the movable unit 400 matches the fixed unit 300, the surfaces 401d to 406d of the movable unit 400 are in contact with the surfaces 301d to 306d of the fixed unit 300, respectively. In other words, terminal T A1U joined to the terminal T A2U a surface 301c that is joined to the surface 401c are electrically short-circuited, in the same manner, the terminal T which is joined to the terminal T A2V a surface 303c that is joined to the surface 403c a1V is electrically shorted. The terminal T A1W joined to the terminal T A2W a surface 305c that is joined to the surface 405c are electrically short-circuited. Further, a terminal T B1U joined to the surface 402c, and the terminal T B1V joined to the surface 404c, the terminal T B1W joined to the surface 406c are both electrically short-circuited by the conductive plate 302. This state is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. That is, the first winding and the second winding included in the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 are connected in parallel (see FIG. 1).

図5の構成と異なる点は、導体板301〜306が互いに段違いで配置されており、導体板301〜306との間に面312,323,334,345,356が配されることで所定の絶縁距離を確保することが可能となり、これによって図5記載の絶縁材310が不要となる点である。   5 is different from the configuration of FIG. 5 in that the conductor plates 301 to 306 are arranged in a stepped manner, and the surfaces 312, 323, 334, 345, and 356 are arranged between the conductor plates 301 to 306. It is possible to secure an insulation distance, which eliminates the need for the insulating material 310 shown in FIG.

図14は、図12の構成を用いた一形態による全体構成の斜視図を示す。図14において、図12と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。切替端子40を構成する固定部200および300と、可動部400は、図12記載の構成と同様である。   FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the overall configuration according to an embodiment using the configuration of FIG. In FIG. 14, the same components as those in FIG. The fixed parts 200 and 300 and the movable part 400 constituting the switching terminal 40 are the same as those shown in FIG.

固定部200および300には、嵌合用の凹部220および320が設けられ、支持機構500に設けた嵌合用の凸部520および530をここに嵌合させることで、固定部200を支持する。同様に、可動部400にも、嵌合用の凹部420(図示していない)が設けられ、支持機構600に設けた嵌合用の凸部620をここに嵌合させることで、可動部400を支持する。さらに、支持機構600には、構造部材20を介して、巻線切替動作部1の可動子4が連結されており、支持機構600ひいては可動部400の上下移動、および状態保持を自在に操作することができる。   The fixing portions 200 and 300 are provided with fitting concave portions 220 and 320, and the fitting convex portions 520 and 530 provided in the support mechanism 500 are fitted here, thereby supporting the fixing portion 200. Similarly, the movable portion 400 is also provided with a concave portion 420 (not shown) for fitting, and the movable portion 400 is supported by fitting the convex portion 620 for fitting provided in the support mechanism 600 here. To do. Further, the movable element 4 of the winding switching operation unit 1 is connected to the support mechanism 600 via the structural member 20, and the support mechanism 600 and, as a result, the movable unit 400 can be freely moved up and down and maintained. be able to.

なお、巻線切替動作部1は、支持機構600に連結するのではなく、支持機構500に連結する構成としてもよく、この場合は、可動部と固定部の役割が前述と反対となるだけで、巻線切替装置としての動作原理、接続状態は不変である。なお、支持機構500,600は非導電性部材で構成することが望ましいが、切替端子40との電気的絶縁が確保されるのであれば、他の材料で構成してもよい。また、支持機構500,600には、導線の引き出し溝(図示していない)を設けることが望ましい。   The winding switching operation unit 1 may be connected to the support mechanism 500 instead of being connected to the support mechanism 600. In this case, only the roles of the movable part and the fixed part are opposite to those described above. The operating principle and connection state of the winding switching device are unchanged. The support mechanisms 500 and 600 are preferably made of a non-conductive member, but may be made of other materials as long as electrical insulation from the switching terminal 40 is ensured. Further, it is desirable that the support mechanisms 500 and 600 are provided with a lead-out groove (not shown) for conducting wires.

図15に示すように、支持機構500と600は、固定部200,300および可動部400を包含する構成となり、かつ、切替動作時における支持機構600の移動(もしくは支持機構500の移動)に干渉しないような構成となる。これにより、切替端子40への異物混入や、外部短絡等を防止することが可能となり、コンプレッサー等の冷媒充填環境や、その他の劣悪な環境においても、本発明による巻線切替装置を容易に設置することができる。   As shown in FIG. 15, the support mechanisms 500 and 600 include the fixed parts 200 and 300 and the movable part 400, and interfere with the movement of the support mechanism 600 (or the movement of the support mechanism 500) during the switching operation. It becomes the composition which does not. This makes it possible to prevent foreign matter from entering the switching terminal 40 and external short circuit, etc., and to easily install the winding switching device according to the present invention even in a refrigerant charging environment such as a compressor or in other poor environments. can do.

また、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線が各相n個(nは3以上の自然数)の巻線で構成される場合においても、上記と同様に構成した巻線切替装置を用いることで、直列接続と並列接続とを切り替えることができる。この場合、切替端子40(固定部200,300および可動部400)をn段に重ね、支持機構500および600で支持し、単一の巻線切替動作部1に連結することで、n個の並列接続とするか、直列接続とするか、を切り替える構成としてもよいし、図14記載の巻線切替装置をn段に重ね、各段の装置を個別に制御することで、並列数を自在に制御できる構成としてもよい。   Further, even when the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 is constituted by n windings (n is a natural number of 3 or more) in each phase, by using the winding switching device configured in the same manner as described above. The serial connection and the parallel connection can be switched. In this case, the switching terminals 40 (the fixed portions 200 and 300 and the movable portion 400) are overlapped in n stages, supported by the support mechanisms 500 and 600, and connected to the single winding switching operation unit 1, so that n pieces It is good also as a structure which switches between parallel connection or series connection, and the number of parallels can be freely adjusted by stacking the winding switching device shown in FIG. 14 in n stages and individually controlling each stage apparatus. It is good also as a structure which can be controlled to.

以上の構成により、巻線切替装置の端子部分の配線簡略化および小形化が可能となる。巻線切替装置は、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線内周側や外周側の空きスペースに設置してもよいし、他の空きスペースを有効活用できるのであれば、どこに設置してもよいし、永久磁石同期機30とは別の設置スペースを新たに設けて設置してもよい。このような巻線切替装置を用いることで、インバータ容量を増加することなく可変速運転範囲を拡大できる。   With the above configuration, the wiring of the terminal portion of the winding switching device can be simplified and miniaturized. The winding switching device may be installed in an empty space on the inner peripheral side or outer peripheral side of the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30, or may be installed anywhere as long as other empty spaces can be used effectively. Alternatively, a new installation space different from the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 may be provided. By using such a winding switching device, the variable speed operation range can be expanded without increasing the inverter capacity.

特に、低速運転時には直列接続とすることで、制御応答性向上や、最大トルク向上が可能となる。同時に、電流低減により、インバータ導通損の低減、ならびに半導体素子の温度上昇緩和、およびインバータ効率の向上を図ることができる。同時に、インダクタンス増加により、モータ電流のキャリア高調波成分が低減するため、鉄損低減、ならびにモータの温度上昇緩和といった効果が得られる。   In particular, the control response and the maximum torque can be improved by connecting in series during low-speed operation. At the same time, by reducing the current, the inverter conduction loss can be reduced, the temperature rise of the semiconductor element can be reduced, and the inverter efficiency can be improved. At the same time, the increase in inductance reduces the carrier harmonic component of the motor current, so the effects of reducing iron loss and mitigating the temperature rise of the motor can be obtained.

図16は、切替端子40の別の形態による一実施例の斜視図である。図16において、図12と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図16の構成が図12と異なる点は、可動部400および固定部200が円環状で、かつ固定部200には導体板201,203,205のほかに、導体板301〜306が具備されている点である。可動部400は巻線切替動作部1(図示していない)により自在に回転可能で、固定部200の面201b〜206bと接するか、または面301d〜306dと接する。   FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an example of another embodiment of the switching terminal 40. In FIG. 16, the same components as those in FIG. 16 differs from FIG. 12 in that the movable portion 400 and the fixed portion 200 are annular, and the fixed portion 200 includes conductor plates 301 to 306 in addition to the conductor plates 201, 203, and 205. It is a point. The movable part 400 can be freely rotated by the winding switching operation part 1 (not shown) and is in contact with the surfaces 201b to 206b of the fixed part 200 or in contact with the surfaces 301d to 306d.

可動部400は非導電部材で構成され、互いに電気的に絶縁された導体板401〜406を具備している。導体板401には端子Ta2Uが接合されており、端子Ta2Uは面401cに直付けしてもよいし、面401cに突起状の端子接合部を設けて接合してもよいし、クラスタ等で前記突起部に嵌合させる構成としてもよい。また、他の導体板との電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、面400aの一部や他の部位など、どの部位に接合してもよい。他の導体板402〜406に関しても同様に、導体板402と端子Tb1Uが、導体板403と端子Ta2Vが、導体板404と端子Tb1Vが、導体板405と端子Ta2Wが、導体板406と端子Tb1Wがそれぞれ接合されている。導体板401〜406は、導体板201b〜206bと接する面401b〜406bと、導体板301d〜306dと接する面401d〜406dとを有しており、面401c〜406cの反対側の面400aには導体板が無い。ただし、導体板どうしの電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、面400aに導体板を設けてもよいし、また、導体板401〜406の形状もそれぞれ異なっていてもよい。 The movable part 400 is made of a non-conductive member and includes conductor plates 401 to 406 that are electrically insulated from each other. A terminal Ta2U is joined to the conductor plate 401, and the terminal Ta2U may be directly attached to the surface 401c, or may be joined by providing a projecting terminal joint on the surface 401c, or a cluster or the like. It is good also as a structure fitted by the said projection part. Moreover, as long as electrical insulation with another conductor plate is maintained, you may join to any site | parts, such as a part of surface 400a, and another site | part. Similarly for the other conductor plates 402 to 406, the conductor plate 402 and the terminal T b1U , the conductor plate 403 and the terminal Ta 2V , the conductor plate 404 and the terminal T b1V , the conductor plate 405 and the terminal Ta 2W are the conductor plate. 406 and terminal T b1W are joined together. The conductor plates 401 to 406 have surfaces 401b to 406b in contact with the conductor plates 201b to 206b and surfaces 401d to 406d in contact with the conductor plates 301d to 306d. The surface 400a opposite to the surfaces 401c to 406c is on the surface 400a. There is no conductor plate. However, as long as electrical insulation between the conductor plates is maintained, a conductor plate may be provided on the surface 400a, and the shapes of the conductor plates 401 to 406 may be different from each other.

導体板201は面201b,201c,201d,202b,202cから成り、導体板203,205も同様の構成となる。いま、可動部400が、固定部200の面201b〜206bと接しているときを考える。可動部400の面401b,402bはそれぞれ固定部200の面201b,202bと接する、すなわち、面401cと402cとにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2UとTb1Uとが導体板201によって電気的に短絡される。同様にして、可動部400の面403b,404bはそれぞれ固定部200の面203b,204bと、面405b,406bはそれぞれ面205b,206bと接する。すなわち、面403cと404cにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2VとTb1Vとが導体板203によって電気的に短絡され、面405cと406cにそれぞれ接合された端子Ta2WとTb1Wとが導体板205によって電気的に短絡される。この状態は、図4記載の状態と等価であり、すなわち永久磁石同期機30に巻き回された第1の巻線と第2の巻線(図1参照)が直列接続となる。図4の構成と異なる点は、導体板401〜406が円環状に30°ずつ隔てて配置されることで、所定の絶縁距離を確保することが可能となり、図4記載の絶縁材210が不要となる点である。 The conductor plate 201 is composed of surfaces 201b, 201c, 201d, 202b, and 202c, and the conductor plates 203 and 205 have the same configuration. Consider a case where the movable part 400 is in contact with the surfaces 201b to 206b of the fixed part 200. The surfaces 401b and 402b of the movable part 400 are in contact with the surfaces 201b and 202b of the fixed part 200, that is, the terminals Ta2U and Tb1U respectively joined to the surfaces 401c and 402c are electrically short-circuited by the conductor plate 201. The Similarly, the surfaces 403b and 404b of the movable portion 400 are in contact with the surfaces 203b and 204b of the fixed portion 200, respectively, and the surfaces 405b and 406b are in contact with the surfaces 205b and 206b, respectively. That is, the terminals Ta 2V and T b1V bonded to the surfaces 403c and 404c are electrically short-circuited by the conductor plate 203, and the terminals Ta 2W and T b1W respectively bonded to the surfaces 405c and 406c are connected by the conductor plate 205. Electrically shorted. This state is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. 4, that is, the first winding and the second winding (see FIG. 1) wound around the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 are connected in series. 4 is different from the configuration of FIG. 4 in that the conductor plates 401 to 406 are arranged in an annular shape by 30 degrees apart, so that a predetermined insulation distance can be secured, and the insulating material 210 shown in FIG. 4 is unnecessary. This is the point.

導体板301は、面301c,301dから成り、同様に、導体板303は面303c,303dから成り、導体板305は面305c,305dから成る。導体板301には端子Ta1Uが接合されており、端子Ta1Uは面301cに直付けしてもよいし、面301cに突起状の端子接合部を設けて接合してもよいし、クラスタ等を用いて前記突起部に嵌合させる構成としてもよい。また、他の導体板との電気的絶縁が保たれるのであれば、どの部位に接合してもよい。導体板303,305に関しても同様に、導体板303に端子Ta1Vが、導体板305に端子Ta1Wがそれぞれ接合されている。導体板302,304,306は内周側に配置された円環状の導体板で電気的に短絡されている。導体板302は面302c,302dから成り、導体板304は面304c,304dから成り、導体板306は面306c,306dから成る。いま、可動部400が、固定部200の面301d〜306dと接しているときを考える。面401cに接合された端子Ta2Uと面301cに接合された端子Ta1Uが電気的に短絡され、同様にして、面403cに接合された端子Ta2Vと面303cに接合された端子Ta1Vが電気的に短絡され、また、面405cに接合された端子Ta2Wと面305cに接合された端子Ta1Wが電気的に短絡される。また、面402cに接合された端子Tb1Uと、面404cに接合された端子Tb1Vと、面406cに接合された端子Tb1Wは、いずれも導体板302,2304,306を介して電気的に短絡される。この状態は、図5記載の状態と等価であり、すなわち永久磁石同期機30が具備する第1の巻線と第2の巻線は並列接続となる(図1参照)。図5の構成と異なる点は、導体板301〜306が円環状に30°ずつ隔てて配置されることで、所定の絶縁距離を確保することが可能となり、これによって図5記載の絶縁材310が不要となる点である。なお、このとき、固定部200の面201d,203d,205dは可動部400の非導電部材と接するため、導体板201,203,205は無通電状態となる。 The conductor plate 301 is composed of surfaces 301c and 301d. Similarly, the conductor plate 303 is composed of surfaces 303c and 303d, and the conductor plate 305 is composed of surfaces 305c and 305d. The conductive plate 301 has terminals T A1U is joined, the terminal T A1U is may be directly attached to the surface 301c, may be joined by providing a protruding pin junction surface 301c, clusters, etc. It is good also as a structure fitted to the said projection part using. Moreover, as long as electrical insulation with another conductor plate is maintained, you may join to any site | part. Similarly with respect to the conductive plate 303 and 305, the terminal T A1V to the conductive plate 303, the terminal T A1W are respectively joined to the conductive plate 305. The conductor plates 302, 304, and 306 are electrically short-circuited by an annular conductor plate disposed on the inner peripheral side. The conductive plate 302 is composed of surfaces 302c and 302d, the conductive plate 304 is composed of surfaces 304c and 304d, and the conductive plate 306 is composed of surfaces 306c and 306d. Consider a case where the movable part 400 is in contact with the surfaces 301d to 306d of the fixed part 200. Terminal T A1U joined to the terminal T A2U a surface 301c that is joined to the surface 401c are electrically short-circuited, in the same manner, the terminal T A1V joined to the terminal T A2V a surface 303c that is joined to the surface 403c electrically shorted, the terminal T A1W joined to the terminal T A2W a surface 305c that is joined to the surface 405c are electrically short-circuited. Further, a terminal T B1U joined to the surface 402c, and the terminal T B1V joined to the surface 404c, the terminal T B1W joined to the surface 406c are both electrically via the conductive plate 302,2304,306 Shorted. This state is equivalent to the state shown in FIG. 5, that is, the first winding and the second winding included in the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 are connected in parallel (see FIG. 1). 5 is different from the configuration of FIG. 5 in that the conductor plates 301 to 306 are annularly arranged at intervals of 30 degrees, so that a predetermined insulation distance can be secured, and thereby the insulating material 310 shown in FIG. This is a point that becomes unnecessary. At this time, since the surfaces 201d, 203d, and 205d of the fixed portion 200 are in contact with the nonconductive member of the movable portion 400, the conductive plates 201, 203, and 205 are in a non-energized state.

図17は、可動部400が、固定部200の面301d〜306dと接しているときの上面図である。可動部400は巻線切替動作部1(図示していない)により自在に回転可能である。なお、巻線切替動作部1は、可動部400に連結するのではなく、固定部200に連結する構成としてもよく、この場合は、可動部と固定部の役割が前述と反対となるだけで、巻線切替装置としての動作原理、接続状態は不変である。   FIG. 17 is a top view when the movable unit 400 is in contact with the surfaces 301 d to 306 d of the fixed unit 200. The movable part 400 can be freely rotated by a winding switching operation part 1 (not shown). The winding switching operation unit 1 may be connected to the fixed unit 200 instead of being connected to the movable unit 400. In this case, only the roles of the movable unit and the fixed unit are opposite to those described above. The operating principle and connection state of the winding switching device are unchanged.

図18に図16の構成を用いた一形態による全体構成の斜視図を示す。図18において、図16と同一構成要素には同一符号を付け、重複説明は避ける。図18では、固定部を400とし、可動部を200とした。固定部400には、嵌合用の凹部420(図示していない)が設けられ、支持機構500に設けた嵌合用の凸部520(図示していない)をここに嵌合させることで、固定部400を支持する。可動部200には、2基の巻線切替動作部1aおよび1bが、構造部材20a,20bを介して連結されており、可動部200の回転移動、および状態保持を自在に操作することができる。なお、巻線切替動作部1は、2基ではなく1機で構成してもよいし、3機以上で構成してもよい。また、支持機構500は非導電性部材で構成することが望ましいが、切替端子40との電気的絶縁が確保されるのであれば、他の材料で構成してもよい。また、支持機構500には、導線の引き出し溝を設けることが望ましい。   FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the overall configuration according to an embodiment using the configuration of FIG. In FIG. 18, the same components as those in FIG. In FIG. 18, the fixed part is 400 and the movable part is 200. The fixing portion 400 is provided with a fitting concave portion 420 (not shown), and a fitting convex portion 520 (not shown) provided in the support mechanism 500 is fitted therein to thereby fix the fixing portion. 400 is supported. Two winding switching operation parts 1a and 1b are connected to the movable part 200 via structural members 20a and 20b, and the movable part 200 can be freely rotated and maintained. . The winding switching operation unit 1 may be composed of one machine instead of two, or three or more machines. The support mechanism 500 is preferably made of a non-conductive member, but may be made of other materials as long as electrical insulation from the switching terminal 40 is ensured. The support mechanism 500 is preferably provided with a lead-out groove.

図19に示すように、支持機構500は、固定部400および可動部200を包含する構成となり、かつ、切替動作時における可動部200の回転移動に干渉しないような構成となる。導体板401〜406,301,303,305に接合された端子は略同一平面状に配置されており、各端子に接続された導線は引き出し線550から支持機構500の外部に引き出される。このような構成により、切替端子40への異物混入や、外部短絡等を防止することが可能となり、コンプレッサー等の冷媒充填環境や、その他の劣悪な環境においても、本発明による巻線切替装置を容易に設置することができる。また、円環状の構成とすることで、永久磁石同期機30の巻線の軸方向端部、いわゆるコイルエンドにおけるデッドスペースを有効に活用することができる。例えば、回転子が固定子の内周側に配置された「内転形」においては、コイルエンドの内周側に、図19記載の巻線切替装置を設置する。回転子が固定子の内周側に配置された「外転形」においては、コイルエンドの外周側に設置する。   As shown in FIG. 19, the support mechanism 500 includes a fixed part 400 and a movable part 200 and does not interfere with the rotational movement of the movable part 200 during the switching operation. The terminals joined to the conductor plates 401 to 406, 301, 303, and 305 are arranged in substantially the same plane, and the conductive wires connected to the terminals are drawn out of the support mechanism 500 from the lead wires 550. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent foreign matter from entering the switching terminal 40, an external short circuit, and the like, and the winding switching device according to the present invention can be used in a refrigerant charging environment such as a compressor or in other adverse environments. It can be installed easily. Further, by adopting an annular configuration, the dead space at the axial end of the winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30, that is, the so-called coil end can be effectively utilized. For example, in the “inner rotation type” in which the rotor is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the stator, the winding switching device shown in FIG. 19 is installed on the inner peripheral side of the coil end. In the “external rotation type” in which the rotor is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator, the rotor is installed on the outer peripheral side of the coil end.

また、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線が各相n個(nは3以上の自然数)の巻線で構成される場合においても、上記と同様に構成した巻線切替装置を用いることで、直列接続と並列接続とを切り替えることができる。この場合、切替端子40(固定部200および可動部400)をn段に重ね、支持機構500で支持し、単一の巻線切替動作部1に連結することで、n個の並列接続とするか、直列接続とするか、を切り替える構成としてもよいし、図18記載の巻線切替装置をn段に重ね、各段の装置を個別に制御することで、並列数を自在に制御できる構成としてもよい。さらに、図16記載の円環構造を、内周側または外周側にn層配置し、支持機構500で支持し、単一の巻線切替動作部1に連結することで、n個の並列接続とするか、直列接続とするか、を切り替える構成としてもよい。さらに、図16記載の円環構造を、内周側または外周側にn層配置し、各層に独立の巻線切替動作部を設けて個別に制御することで、並列数を自在に制御できる構成としてもよい。   Further, even when the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 is constituted by n windings (n is a natural number of 3 or more) in each phase, by using the winding switching device configured in the same manner as described above. The serial connection and the parallel connection can be switched. In this case, the switching terminals 40 (the fixed portion 200 and the movable portion 400) are stacked in n stages, supported by the support mechanism 500, and connected to the single winding switching operation unit 1, thereby providing n parallel connections. Or a series connection, or a configuration in which the number of parallel switching can be freely controlled by stacking the winding switching device shown in FIG. 18 in n stages and individually controlling each stage apparatus. It is good. Furthermore, the ring structure shown in FIG. 16 is arranged in n layers on the inner peripheral side or the outer peripheral side, supported by the support mechanism 500, and connected to the single winding switching operation unit 1, thereby allowing n parallel connections. Or a series connection may be switched. Further, the ring structure shown in FIG. 16 is arranged in n layers on the inner peripheral side or the outer peripheral side, and an independent winding switching operation unit is provided in each layer to control individually, thereby allowing the number of parallel control to be freely controlled. It is good.

以上の構成により、巻線切替装置の端子部分の配線簡略化および小形化が可能となる。巻線切替装置は、永久磁石同期機30の電機子巻線内周側や外周側の空きスペースに設置してもよいし、他の空きスペースを有効活用できるのであれば、どこに設置してもよく、永久磁石同期機30とは別の設置スペースを新たに設けて設置してもよい。このような巻線切替装置を用いることで、インバータ容量を増加することなく可変速運転範囲を拡大できる。特に、低速運転時には直列接続とすることで、制御応答性向上や、最大トルク向上が可能となる。同時に、電流低減により、インバータ導通損の低減、ならびに半導体素子の温度上昇緩和、およびインバータ効率の向上を図ることができる。同時に、インダクタンス増加により、モータ電流のキャリア高調波成分が低減するため、鉄損低減、ならびにモータの温度上昇緩和といった効果が得られる。   With the above configuration, the wiring of the terminal portion of the winding switching device can be simplified and miniaturized. The winding switching device may be installed in an empty space on the inner peripheral side or outer peripheral side of the armature winding of the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30, or may be installed anywhere as long as other empty spaces can be used effectively. Alternatively, a new installation space different from the permanent magnet synchronous machine 30 may be provided. By using such a winding switching device, the variable speed operation range can be expanded without increasing the inverter capacity. In particular, the control response and the maximum torque can be improved by connecting in series during low-speed operation. At the same time, by reducing the current, the inverter conduction loss can be reduced, the temperature rise of the semiconductor element can be reduced, and the inverter efficiency can be improved. At the same time, the increase in inductance reduces the carrier harmonic component of the motor current, so the effects of reducing iron loss and mitigating the temperature rise of the motor can be obtained.

1 巻線切替動作部
2 固定子
3 固定子ヨーク
4 可動接点を備えた可動子
5 電磁石巻線32を具備したティース
6 永久磁石7を有するティース
7 永久磁石
8,21 スリット
9 可動ヨーク
10 永久磁石7による磁束
11 電磁石巻線32による磁束
20 構造部材
30 永久磁石同期機
31 電機子巻線の端子
32 電磁石巻線
33 電磁石の巻線の端子
40 切替端子
50 中性点
60 インバータ(回路)
61 直流電源
62,63 直流電源側の端子
70 制御回路
200,300 切替端子40の固定部(可動部)
201〜206,301〜306,401〜406 導体板
210,310 絶縁材
220,320,520,530,620 嵌合部
400 切替端子40の可動部(固定部)
500,600 支持機構
550 引き出し溝
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Winding switching operation | movement part 2 Stator 3 Stator yoke 4 Movable element 5 which has a movable contact Teeth 6 which equipped with the electromagnet winding 32 Teeth 7 which has the permanent magnet 7 Permanent magnet 8, 21 Slit 9 Movable yoke 10 Permanent magnet 7 Magnetic flux 11 Electromagnetic winding 32 Magnetic flux 20 Structural member 30 Permanent magnet synchronous machine 31 Armature winding terminal 32 Electromagnet winding 33 Electromagnet winding terminal 40 Switching terminal 50 Neutral point 60 Inverter (circuit)
61 DC power supply 62, 63 DC power supply side terminal 70 Control circuit 200, 300 Fixed part (movable part) of switching terminal 40
201-206, 301-306, 401-406 Conductor plate 210, 310 Insulating material 220, 320, 520, 530, 620 Fitting part 400 Movable part (fixed part) of switching terminal 40
500,600 Support mechanism 550 Drawer groove

Claims (8)

制御電流が印加される巻線を具備したヨークと可動部とで構成される巻線切替装置において、
前記ヨークは、中空の断面形状と前記ヨークの内側に向かって凸となるようなティース部を複数有し、
前記ティース部は、互いに対向するように組を成し、このうちの少なくとも1組は、前記巻線を具備しており、前記巻線を具備したティースの組に挟まれた状態で所定の空間を介して前記可動部が配置されることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device composed of a yoke having a winding to which a control current is applied and a movable part,
The yoke has a plurality of teeth portions that are hollow in cross-sectional shape and convex toward the inside of the yoke,
The teeth portions form a pair so as to face each other, and at least one of them includes the winding, and a predetermined space in a state sandwiched between the sets of teeth including the winding. A winding switching device, wherein the movable part is arranged via a wire.
双安定リレーの状態を切り替えるための制御電流が印加される巻線を具備したヨークと、可動接点を備えた可動部とで構成される巻線切替装置において、
前記ヨークが中空の断面形状を有するとともに、前記ヨークの内側に向かって凸となるようなティース部を複数有し、かつ、前記ティース部は互いに対向するように組を成し、このうちの少なくとも1組は、前記制御電流が印加される巻線を具備しており、前記巻線を具備したティースの組に挟まれるように、かつ、所定の空隙を介して前記可動部が配置されることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In a winding switching device composed of a yoke having a winding to which a control current for switching the state of the bistable relay is applied, and a movable part having a movable contact,
The yoke has a hollow cross-sectional shape, has a plurality of teeth portions that protrude toward the inside of the yoke, and the teeth portions form a set so as to face each other, at least of these One set includes a winding to which the control current is applied, and the movable portion is disposed so as to be sandwiched between sets of teeth including the winding and through a predetermined gap. Winding switching device characterized by.
請求項2記載の巻線切替装置において、
前記巻線を具備したティース組とは別のティース組であって、かつ、前記巻線を具備したティース組の対向軸とは異なる対向軸を有するティース組が、各々永久磁石を有しており、各々の永久磁石の磁化容易方向は、各々の永久磁石を有するティースの凸方向であって、かつ、対向する永久磁石の内側の磁極は同極となり、前記永久磁石を具備したティースの組に挟まれるように、かつ、所定の空隙を介して前記可動部が配置されることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device according to claim 2,
Each of the tooth sets having a counter axis different from the counter axis of the teeth set having the winding is different from the teeth set having the winding, and each has a permanent magnet. The direction of easy magnetization of each permanent magnet is the convex direction of the teeth having each permanent magnet, and the magnetic poles inside the opposing permanent magnets have the same polarity. The winding switching device, wherein the movable portion is disposed so as to be sandwiched and through a predetermined gap.
請求項2記載の巻線切替装置において、
可動部は略方形状の断面形状を有する磁性体で構成され、前記磁性体の端面について、対向する1組の端面は、前記ティースの凸部の内側面と略平行となり、一方で、別の1組の端面は、前記ティースの凸方向と略平行となると同時に各々の端面が永久磁石を有し、前記永久磁石の対向方向と磁化容易方向は同一であり、かつ、対向する永久磁石の内側の磁極は同極となり、前記可動部は、中空の断面形状を有する前記ヨークの内側に配置され、かつ、所定の空隙を介して配置されることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device according to claim 2,
The movable part is made of a magnetic body having a substantially square cross-sectional shape, and the end face of the magnetic body has a pair of opposing end faces that are substantially parallel to the inner side face of the convex portion of the teeth, A pair of end faces are substantially parallel to the convex direction of the teeth, and at the same time, each end face has a permanent magnet, the facing direction of the permanent magnet is the same as the easy magnetization direction, and the inside of the facing permanent magnet The coil switching device is characterized in that the magnetic poles of the windings are of the same polarity, and the movable portion is disposed inside the yoke having a hollow cross-sectional shape and disposed through a predetermined gap.
請求項2記載の巻線切替装置において、
前記可動接点は三相永久磁石同期機の各相端子に接続されており、前記可動部と前記ヨークの吸引・反発作用により可動接点を動作させることで、第1の固定接点との接触、および第2の固定接点との接触を自在に切り替える構成であって、各相端子に接続された可動接点の全てが、1つの可動部に機械的に接続されることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device according to claim 2,
The movable contact is connected to each phase terminal of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the movable contact is operated by the attractive / repulsive action of the movable part and the yoke, thereby making contact with the first fixed contact, and A winding switching device characterized by freely switching contact with the second fixed contact, wherein all of the movable contacts connected to each phase terminal are mechanically connected to one movable part. .
請求項2記載の巻線切替装置において、
前記切替装置の端子接続部にサージキラー,スパークキラー、およびバリスタを接続することを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device according to claim 2,
A winding switching device, wherein a surge killer, a spark killer, and a varistor are connected to a terminal connection portion of the switching device.
請求項2記載の巻線切替装置において、
前記巻線切替装置の端子接続部が、高耐熱樹脂または非導電性部材により覆われることを特徴とする巻線切替装置。
In the winding switching device according to claim 2,
The winding switching device, wherein the terminal connection portion of the winding switching device is covered with a high heat resistant resin or a non-conductive member.
請求項1乃至8いずれかに記載の巻線切替装置を備えた回転電機。   A rotating electrical machine comprising the winding switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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