JP2012074299A - Nickel-hydrogen secondary battery - Google Patents

Nickel-hydrogen secondary battery Download PDF

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JP2012074299A
JP2012074299A JP2010219492A JP2010219492A JP2012074299A JP 2012074299 A JP2012074299 A JP 2012074299A JP 2010219492 A JP2010219492 A JP 2010219492A JP 2010219492 A JP2010219492 A JP 2010219492A JP 2012074299 A JP2012074299 A JP 2012074299A
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positive electrode
nickel
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Masaru Kihara
勝 木原
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FDK Twicell Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery in which decrease in the operation voltage can be minimized during discharge while enhancing the utilization rate of a positive electrode active material.SOLUTION: The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery comprises a positive electrode 24 and a negative electrode 26. The positive electrode 24 has the positive electrode active material powder of nickel hydroxide particles 36, and a positive electrode additional material 38 distributed into the positive electrode active material powder and containing at least one kind selected from a group of Y, Yb, Er and their compounds. The negative electrode 26 has the powder 44 of a hydrogen storage alloy 44, and a negative electrode additional material 46 distributed into the powder 44 of the hydrogen storage alloy, and containing at least one kind selected from a group of Bi, In and their compounds.

Description

本発明は、ニッケル水素二次電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a nickel metal hydride secondary battery.

ニッケル水素二次電池は、ニッケルカドミウム二次電池に比べて高容量で、且つ環境安全性にも優れているという点から、各種のポータブル機器やハイブリッド電気自動車等、さまざまな用途に使用されるようになっている。このように、さまざまな用途が見出されたことによりニッケル水素二次電池の更なる高容量化への要求が高まっている。   Nickel metal hydride secondary batteries are used in various applications such as various portable devices and hybrid electric vehicles because they have higher capacity and better environmental safety than nickel cadmium secondary batteries. It has become. As described above, the discovery of various uses has increased the demand for higher capacity of the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery.

ニッケル水素二次電池の正極容量及び負極容量は、正極板に含まれる水酸化ニッケル粒子及び負極板に含まれる水素吸蔵合金粒子の量によってそれぞれ決定される。一般に、二次電池にあっては、その過充電時、正極板で発生した酸素ガスを負極板で還元して、二次電池の内圧上昇を防止するため、正極容量よりも負極容量の方を大きく設定することが行われている。このため、ニッケル水素二次電池の電池容量は正極容量により規定される。ここで、ニッケル水素二次電池の容量を増やすには、正極の水酸化ニッケル粒子(正極活物質)の量を増やす必要があるが、電池の内部容積は一定であるため、正極活物質の量を増やすにも限界がある。そこで、更なる電池の高容量化を図るためには、正極活物質の利用率を高めることが考えられる。この正極活物質の利用率は、通常、二次電池に充電反応により充電された電力をどの程度放電できるかによって決定される。つまり、同じ量の正極活物質の使用でもより多く放電できれば、正極活物質の利用率は高くなり、その二次電池は高容量となる。   The positive electrode capacity and the negative electrode capacity of the nickel metal hydride secondary battery are determined by the amounts of nickel hydroxide particles contained in the positive electrode plate and hydrogen storage alloy particles contained in the negative electrode plate, respectively. In general, in a secondary battery, when the battery is overcharged, oxygen gas generated in the positive electrode plate is reduced by the negative electrode plate to prevent an increase in the internal pressure of the secondary battery. A large setting has been made. For this reason, the battery capacity of the nickel hydrogen secondary battery is defined by the positive electrode capacity. Here, in order to increase the capacity of the nickel metal hydride secondary battery, it is necessary to increase the amount of nickel hydroxide particles (positive electrode active material) of the positive electrode, but since the internal volume of the battery is constant, the amount of the positive electrode active material There is a limit to increasing Therefore, in order to further increase the capacity of the battery, it is conceivable to increase the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material. The utilization factor of the positive electrode active material is usually determined by how much power charged in the secondary battery by the charging reaction can be discharged. That is, if more discharge can be performed even when the same amount of the positive electrode active material is used, the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material becomes higher, and the secondary battery has a higher capacity.

ここで、正極活物質の利用率を高めたニッケル水素二次電池としては、例えば、特許文献1のニッケル水素二次電池が知られている。   Here, as a nickel metal hydride secondary battery in which the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material is increased, for example, a nickel metal hydride secondary battery disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.

特開平10−012238号公報JP-A-10-012238

ところで、ニッケル水素二次電池の場合、その正極にて、水酸化ニッケルNi(OH)(放電生成物)が酸化され、オキシ水酸化ニッケル(NiOOH)(充電生成物)が生成されることにより充電が行われる。このオキシ水酸化ニッケルには、β型(β−NiOOH)とγ型(γ−NiOOH)とがあり、γ型は、β型が生成された後に生成され、β型に比べて正極の単位質量当たりの容量を高くすることが知られている。それ故、正極活物質の利用率を高くしたニッケル水素二次電池は、γ−NiOOHが生成されるところまで充電がなされていると考えられる。 By the way, in the case of a nickel metal hydride secondary battery, nickel hydroxide Ni (OH) 2 (discharge product) is oxidized at the positive electrode, and nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) (charge product) is generated. Charging is performed. This nickel oxyhydroxide has a β type (β-NiOOH) and a γ type (γ-NiOOH), and the γ type is produced after the β type is produced, and the unit mass of the positive electrode compared to the β type. It is known to increase the hit capacity. Therefore, it is considered that the nickel metal hydride secondary battery in which the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material is increased is charged to the point where γ-NiOOH is generated.

しかしながら、γ−NiOOHは、β−NiOOHに比べて放電性が低く、二次電池の放電時に、その作動電圧の低下を招くといった不具合を生じることがある。この不具合は、二次電池の放電率を高くした場合や、放電時、二次電池の雰囲気温度が低い場合などに、より顕著に生じる。   However, γ-NiOOH is less dischargeable than β-NiOOH, and may cause a problem that the operating voltage is lowered when the secondary battery is discharged. This defect occurs more remarkably when the discharge rate of the secondary battery is increased, or when the atmosphere temperature of the secondary battery is low during discharge.

本発明は、上記の事情に基づいてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、高容量化を図る一方、特に低温雰囲気下での二次電池の放電時、その作動電圧の低下を抑制することができるニッケル水素二次電池を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made on the basis of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to increase the capacity while suppressing a decrease in operating voltage especially when discharging a secondary battery in a low temperature atmosphere. An object of the present invention is to provide a nickel metal hydride secondary battery that can be used.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明者等は、ニッケル水素二次電池の正極活物質の利用率を向上させることに伴う電池の作動電圧の低下を抑制する手段を鋭意検討した。本発明者等は、この検討過程で、負極にBi、In及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物のうち少なくとも1種を含ませることにより、電池の作動電圧が向上することを見出し、本発明に想到した。   In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have intensively studied means for suppressing a decrease in the operating voltage of the battery accompanying an improvement in the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material of the nickel hydrogen secondary battery. In the course of this study, the inventors have found that the operating voltage of the battery is improved by including at least one of Bi, In, and compounds of these elements in the negative electrode, and have arrived at the present invention. .

すなわち、本発明の一態様によれば、容器内に電極群がアルカリ電解液とともに密閉状態で収容され、前記電極群がセパレータ、正極及び負極からなるニッケル水素二次電池において、前記正極は、水酸化ニッケルからなる正極活物質粉末と、前記正極活物質粉末中に分布され、Y、Yb、Er及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む正極添加材とを有し、前記負極は、水素吸蔵合金の粉末と、前記水素吸蔵合金の粉末中に分布され、Bi、In及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む負極添加材とを有することを特徴とするニッケル水素二次電池が提供される(請求項1)。   That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, an electrode group is housed in a container together with an alkaline electrolyte in a sealed state, and the electrode group includes a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. A positive electrode active material powder made of nickel oxide, and a positive electrode additive that is distributed in the positive electrode active material powder and includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, and compounds of these elements. The negative electrode includes a hydrogen storage alloy powder, and a negative electrode additive containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi, In, and a compound of each of these elements, distributed in the hydrogen storage alloy powder. A nickel-metal hydride secondary battery is provided (claim 1).

好ましくは、前記正極活物質粉末の表面は、コバルト及びコバルト化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種により被覆されている構成とする(請求項2)。   Preferably, the surface of the positive electrode active material powder is coated with at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt and a cobalt compound.

より好ましくは、前記負極添加材の含有量は、前記水素吸蔵合金100重量部に対して0.3〜1.5重量部の範囲にある構成とする(請求項3)。   More preferably, the content of the negative electrode additive is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy.

また、前記水素吸蔵合金は、一般式:Ln1−xMgNiy−a−bAlにて表される組成を有し、前記式中、Lnは、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Sc,Y,Zr及びTiよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Mは、V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo,Mn,Fe,Co,Ga,Zn,Sn,In,Cu,Si,P及びBよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、添字a、b、x、yは、それぞれ0.05≦a≦0.30、0≦b≦0.50、0.05≦x≦0.30、2.8≦y≦3.9を満たす数を表す構成とすることが好ましい(請求項4)。 Further, the hydrogen storage alloy has the general formula: having a composition represented by Ln 1-x Mg x Ni y -a-b Al a M b, in the above formula, Ln is, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, Y, Zr and Ti represent at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, , Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, subscripts a, b, x and y each represent a number satisfying 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.30, 0 ≦ b ≦ 0.50, 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.30, and 2.8 ≦ y ≦ 3.9. (Claim 4).

更に、前記水素吸蔵合金が、CeNi型の結晶構造を有している構成とすることが好ましい(請求項5)。 Furthermore, it is preferable that the hydrogen storage alloy has a Ce 2 Ni 7 type crystal structure.

本発明に係るニッケル水素二次電池においては、正極にY、Yb、Er及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む正極添加材と、負極にBi、In及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む負極添加材とを含んでいる。前記正極添加材は、正極活物質の利用率向上に寄与し、前記負極添加材は、正極活物質の利用率向上効果を維持しつつ電池の作動電圧の向上に寄与することから、得られるニッケル水素二次電池は、正極活物質の利用率、電池の作動電圧がともに高く、その工業的価値は極めて高い。   In the nickel metal hydride secondary battery according to the present invention, a positive electrode additive containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, and a compound of each of these elements in the positive electrode, and Bi, In, and these elements in the negative electrode And a negative electrode additive containing at least one selected from the group consisting of these compounds. The positive electrode additive contributes to improving the utilization factor of the positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode additive material contributes to the improvement of the operating voltage of the battery while maintaining the effect of improving the utilization factor of the positive electrode active material. A hydrogen secondary battery has a high utilization rate of the positive electrode active material and a high operating voltage of the battery, and its industrial value is extremely high.

本発明の一実施形態に係るニッケル水素二次電池を部分的に破断して示した斜視図である。It is the perspective view which fractured | ruptured and showed the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 正極活物質粒子の表面を導電剤で被覆した正極合剤を含むニッケル水素二次電池を部分的に破断して示した斜視図である。It is the perspective view which fractured | ruptured partially and showed the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery containing the positive mix which coat | covered the surface of positive electrode active material particle | grains with the electrically conductive agent.

以下、本発明に係るニッケル水素二次電池(以下、単に電池と称する)を、図面を参照して説明する。
本発明が適用される電池としては特に限定されないが、例えば、図1に示すAAサイズの円筒型電池2に本発明を適用した場合を例に説明する。
Hereinafter, a nickel metal hydride secondary battery (hereinafter simply referred to as a battery) according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The battery to which the present invention is applied is not particularly limited. For example, a case where the present invention is applied to an AA size cylindrical battery 2 shown in FIG. 1 will be described as an example.

図1に示すように、電池2は、上端が開口した有底円筒形状をなす外装缶10を備えている。外装缶10の底壁は導電性を有し、負極端子として機能する。外装缶10の開口内には、導電性を有する円板形状の蓋板14及びこの蓋板14を囲むリング形状の絶縁パッキン12が配置され、絶縁パッキン12は外装缶10の開口縁をかしめ加工することにより外装缶10の開口縁に固定されている。即ち、蓋板14及び絶縁パッキン12は互いに協働して外装缶10の開口を気密に閉塞している。   As shown in FIG. 1, the battery 2 includes an outer can 10 having a bottomed cylindrical shape with an upper end opened. The bottom wall of the outer can 10 has conductivity and functions as a negative electrode terminal. In the opening of the outer can 10, a conductive disc-shaped cover plate 14 and a ring-shaped insulating packing 12 surrounding the cover plate 14 are arranged, and the insulating packing 12 caulks the opening edge of the outer can 10. By doing so, it is fixed to the opening edge of the outer can 10. That is, the lid plate 14 and the insulating packing 12 cooperate with each other to airtightly close the opening of the outer can 10.

しかしながら、蓋板14は中央にガス抜き孔16を有し、そして、蓋板14の外面上にはガス抜き孔16を塞ぐゴム製の弁体18が配置されている。更に、蓋板14の外面上には、弁体18を覆うようにしてフランジ付き円筒形状の正極端子20が固定され、正極端子20は弁体18を蓋板14に向けて押圧している。従って、通常時、ガス抜き孔16は弁体18によって気密に閉じられている。一方、外装缶10内にガスが発生し、その内圧が高まれば、弁体18は内圧によって圧縮され、ガス抜き孔16を開き、この結果、外装缶10内からガス抜き孔16及び正極端子20を介してガスが放出される。つまり、ガス抜き孔16、弁体18及び正極端子20は電池のための安全弁を形成している。   However, the cover plate 14 has a gas vent hole 16 in the center, and a rubber valve element 18 that closes the gas vent hole 16 is disposed on the outer surface of the cover plate 14. Further, a cylindrical positive terminal 20 with a flange is fixed on the outer surface of the cover plate 14 so as to cover the valve body 18, and the positive terminal 20 presses the valve body 18 toward the cover plate 14. Therefore, the gas vent hole 16 is normally hermetically closed by the valve body 18. On the other hand, when gas is generated in the outer can 10 and its internal pressure increases, the valve body 18 is compressed by the internal pressure and opens the gas vent hole 16. As a result, the gas vent hole 16 and the positive electrode terminal 20 are opened from the outer can 10. Gas is released via That is, the vent hole 16, the valve body 18, and the positive electrode terminal 20 form a safety valve for the battery.

外装缶10には、電極群22が収容されている。この電極群22は、それぞれ帯状の正極24、負極26及びセパレータ28からなり、これらは正極24と負極26の間にセパレータ28が挟み込まれた状態で渦巻状に巻回されている。即ち、セパレータ28を介して正極24及び負極26が互い重ね合わされている。電極群22の最外周は負極26の一部(最外周部)により形成され、外装缶10の内周壁と接触している。即ち、負極26と外装缶10とは互いに電気的に接続されている。   An electrode group 22 is accommodated in the outer can 10. Each of the electrode groups 22 includes a strip-like positive electrode 24, a negative electrode 26, and a separator 28, and these are wound in a spiral shape with the separator 28 sandwiched between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26. That is, the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 are overlapped with each other via the separator 28. The outermost periphery of the electrode group 22 is formed by a part of the negative electrode 26 (the outermost periphery) and is in contact with the inner peripheral wall of the outer can 10. That is, the negative electrode 26 and the outer can 10 are electrically connected to each other.

そして、外装缶10内には、電極群22の一端と蓋板14との間に正極リード30が配置され、正極リード30の両端は正極24の内端及び蓋板14にそれぞれ接続されている。従って、蓋板14の正極端子20と正極24とは、正極リード30及び蓋板14を介して互いに電気的に接続されている。なお、蓋板14と電極群22との間には円形の絶縁部材32が配置され、正極リード30は絶縁部材32に設けられたスリットを通して延びている。また、電極群22と外装缶10の底部との間にも円形の絶縁部材34が配置されている。   In the outer can 10, a positive electrode lead 30 is disposed between one end of the electrode group 22 and the lid plate 14, and both ends of the positive electrode lead 30 are connected to the inner end of the positive electrode 24 and the lid plate 14, respectively. . Accordingly, the positive electrode terminal 20 and the positive electrode 24 of the cover plate 14 are electrically connected to each other via the positive electrode lead 30 and the cover plate 14. A circular insulating member 32 is disposed between the cover plate 14 and the electrode group 22, and the positive electrode lead 30 extends through a slit provided in the insulating member 32. A circular insulating member 34 is also arranged between the electrode group 22 and the bottom of the outer can 10.

更に、外装缶10内には、所定量のアルカリ電解液(図示せず)で満たされており、このアルカリ電解液はセパレータ28に含浸され、正極24と負極26との間での充放電反応を進行させる。なお、アルカリ電解液の種類としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、水酸化リチウム水溶液、水酸化カリウム水溶液、及びこれらのうち2つ以上を混合した水溶液等をあげることができ、またアルカリ電解液の濃度についても特には限定されず、例えば、8N(規定度)のものを用いることができる。   Further, the outer can 10 is filled with a predetermined amount of an alkaline electrolyte (not shown). The alkaline electrolyte is impregnated in the separator 28, and a charge / discharge reaction between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 is performed. To advance. The type of the alkaline electrolyte is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, and an aqueous solution obtained by mixing two or more of these, Further, the concentration of the alkaline electrolyte is not particularly limited, and for example, a concentration of 8N (normality) can be used.

セパレータ28の材料としては、例えば、ポリアミド繊維製不織布、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン繊維製不織布に親水性官能基を付与したものを用いることができる。   As a material for the separator 28, for example, a polyamide fiber nonwoven fabric or a polyolefin fiber nonwoven fabric such as polyethylene or polypropylene provided with a hydrophilic functional group can be used.

正極24は、多孔質構造を有する導電性の正極基板と、正極基板の空孔内に保持された正極合剤とからなる。
このような正極基板としては、例えば、ニッケルめっきが施された網状、スポンジ状若しくは繊維状の金属体を用いることができる。
The positive electrode 24 is composed of a conductive positive electrode substrate having a porous structure and a positive electrode mixture held in the pores of the positive electrode substrate.
As such a positive electrode substrate, for example, a net-like, sponge-like or fibrous metal body plated with nickel can be used.

正極合剤は、図1中円Q内に概略的に示されているが、正極活物質粒子36と、正極添加材38とを含む。更に、正極合剤は必要に応じて導電剤40及び結着剤42を含むことができ、この結着剤42は正極活物質粒子36、正極添加材38及び導電剤40を互いに結着させると同時に正極合剤を正極基板に結着させる働きをなす。
正極活物質粒子36は、水酸化ニッケル粒子又は高次水酸化ニッケル粒子である。なお、これら水酸化ニッケル粒子は、コバルト、亜鉛、カドミウム等を含む固溶体の形態をなすものであってもよい。
The positive electrode mixture is schematically shown in a circle Q in FIG. 1, and includes positive electrode active material particles 36 and a positive electrode additive 38. Further, the positive electrode mixture can include a conductive agent 40 and a binder 42 as necessary, and the binder 42 binds the positive electrode active material particles 36, the positive electrode additive 38 and the conductive agent 40 to each other. At the same time, it serves to bind the positive electrode mixture to the positive electrode substrate.
The positive electrode active material particles 36 are nickel hydroxide particles or higher order nickel hydroxide particles. These nickel hydroxide particles may be in the form of a solid solution containing cobalt, zinc, cadmium and the like.

正極添加材38は、Y、Yb、Er及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含んでいる。この正極添加材38は粒子状をなし、正極活物質粒子36間に分布されている。ここで、Y、Yb及びErのそれぞれの化合物としては、酸化イットリウム、酸化イッテリビウム、酸化エルビウム、炭酸イットリウム、炭酸イッテリビウム、炭酸エルビウム、フッ化イットリウム、フッ化イッテリビウム、フッ化エルビウム等が挙げられる。この正極添加材38は、正極活物質の導電性の低下を抑え且つ正極活物質の利用率の向上に寄与する。   The positive electrode additive 38 contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, and compounds of these elements. The positive electrode additive 38 is in the form of particles and is distributed between the positive electrode active material particles 36. Here, examples of each compound of Y, Yb, and Er include yttrium oxide, ytterbium oxide, erbium oxide, yttrium carbonate, ytterbium carbonate, erbium carbonate, yttrium fluoride, ytterbium fluoride, and erbium fluoride. The positive electrode additive 38 suppresses the decrease in conductivity of the positive electrode active material and contributes to the improvement of the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material.

導電剤40としては、例えば、コバルト酸化物(CoO)やコバルト水酸化物(Co(OH))などのコバルト化合物及びコバルト(Co)から選択された1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。この導電剤40は、必要に応じて正極合剤に添加されるものであり、添加される形態としては、粉末の形態のほか、正極活物質38の表面を覆う被覆の形態で正極合剤に含まれていてもよい。 As the conductive agent 40, for example, one or more selected from cobalt compounds such as cobalt oxide (CoO) and cobalt hydroxide (Co (OH) 2 ) and cobalt (Co) can be used. . The conductive agent 40 is added to the positive electrode mixture as necessary.Additionally, the conductive agent 40 is added to the positive electrode mixture in the form of a powder covering the surface of the positive electrode active material 38. It may be included.

正極合剤の結着剤42としては、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、PTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)ディスパージョン、HPC(ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース)ディスパージョンなどを用いることができる。   As the binder 42 of the positive electrode mixture, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) dispersion, HPC (hydroxypropylcellulose) dispersion, and the like can be used.

正極24は、例えば以下のようにして製造することができる。
まず、水酸化ニッケル粒子36からなる正極活物質粉末、正極添加材38、水、そして、必要に応じて導電剤40及び結着剤42を含むペーストを調製する。ペーストは例えばスポンジ状のニッケル製金属体に充填され、乾燥させられる。乾燥後、水酸化ニッケル粒子等が充填された金属体は、ロール圧延されてから裁断され、正極24が作製される。
The positive electrode 24 can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
First, a paste containing a positive electrode active material powder composed of nickel hydroxide particles 36, a positive electrode additive 38, water, and, if necessary, a conductive agent 40 and a binder 42 is prepared. The paste is filled, for example, in a sponge-like nickel metal body and dried. After drying, the metal body filled with nickel hydroxide particles and the like is roll-rolled and then cut to produce the positive electrode 24.

負極26は、帯状をなす導電性の負極基板(芯体)を有し、この負極基板に負極合剤が保持されている。
負極基板は、貫通孔が分布されたシート状の金属材からなり、例えば、パンチングメタルシートや、金属粉末を型成形して焼結した焼結基板を用いることができる。負極合剤は、負極基板の貫通孔内に充填されるばかりでなく、負極基板の両面上にも層状にして保持されている。
The negative electrode 26 has a conductive negative electrode substrate (core body) having a strip shape, and a negative electrode mixture is held on the negative electrode substrate.
The negative electrode substrate is made of a sheet-like metal material in which through holes are distributed. For example, a punched metal sheet or a sintered substrate obtained by molding and sintering metal powder can be used. The negative electrode mixture is not only filled in the through holes of the negative electrode substrate, but also held in layers on both surfaces of the negative electrode substrate.

負極合剤は、図1中円R内に概略的に示されているが、負極活物質としての水素を吸蔵及び放出可能な水素吸蔵合金粒子44と、放電時における電池の作動電圧低下を抑制する負極添加材46とを含む。負極合剤は必要に応じて導電助剤47及び結着剤48を更に含むことでき、結着剤48は水素吸蔵合金粒子44、負極添加材46及び導電助剤47を互いに結着させると同時に負極合剤を負極基板に結着させる働きをなす。ここで、結着剤48としては親水性若しくは疎水性のポリマー等を用いることができ、導電助剤47としては、カーボンブラックや黒鉛を用いることができる。   Although the negative electrode mixture is schematically shown in a circle R in FIG. 1, hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 capable of occluding and releasing hydrogen as a negative electrode active material, and suppressing a decrease in operating voltage of the battery during discharge And negative electrode additive 46. The negative electrode mixture may further include a conductive additive 47 and a binder 48 as necessary, and the binder 48 simultaneously binds the hydrogen storage alloy particles 44, the negative electrode additive 46, and the conductive additive 47 to each other. It serves to bind the negative electrode mixture to the negative electrode substrate. Here, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer or the like can be used as the binder 48, and carbon black or graphite can be used as the conductive auxiliary agent 47.

水素吸蔵合金粒子44における水素吸蔵合金の組成は自由に選択できるが、一般式:
Ln1−xMgNiy−a−bAl ・・・(I)
で表されるものを用いるのが好ましい。
The composition of the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 can be freely selected, but the general formula:
Ln 1-x Mg x Ni y-a-b Al a M b (I)
It is preferable to use what is represented by these.

ただし、一般式(I)中、Lnは、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Sc,Y,Zr及びTiよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Mは、V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo,Mn,Fe,Co,Ga,Zn,Sn,In,Cu,Si,P及びBよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、添字a、b、x、yは、それぞれ0.05≦a≦0.30、0≦b≦0.50、0.05≦x≦0.30、2.8≦y≦3.9を満たす数を表す。   However, in the general formula (I), Ln is derived from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, Y, Zr and Ti. Represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of M, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and B. Represents at least one element selected from the group, and the subscripts a, b, x, and y are 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.30, 0 ≦ b ≦ 0.50, and 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0. 30 represents a number satisfying 2.8 ≦ y ≦ 3.9.

一般式(I)で示される水素吸蔵合金は、組成によりCaCu型、PrCo19型、PuNi型及びCeNi型等の結晶構造を有しているが、更に好ましくは、CeNi型構造を有するのが好ましい。この理由は、結晶構造が異なると、合金の微粉化の挙動が異なるためであり、CaCu型よりPrCo19型やPuNi型の方が微粉化が起こりにくく、CeNi型では更に微粉化が起こりにくい。微粉化が起こると添加材が存在しない新たな面が生じるため、添加材の効果が薄れるが、微粉化が起こりにくいと添加材の存在する面積の相対的な割合が高くなるためである。 The hydrogen storage alloy represented by the general formula (I) has a crystal structure such as CaCu 5 type, Pr 5 Co 19 type, PuNi 3 type, and Ce 2 Ni 7 type depending on the composition. It preferably has a 2 Ni 7 type structure. This is because, when the crystal structure is different, the behavior of the pulverization of the alloy is different. Pr 5 Co 19 type and PuNi 3 type are less likely to be pulverized than CaCu 5 type, and Ce 2 Ni 7 type Further, pulverization hardly occurs. This is because when the pulverization occurs, a new surface in which the additive does not exist is generated, and thus the effect of the additive is reduced. However, if the pulverization is difficult to occur, the relative ratio of the area where the additive is present increases.

水素吸蔵合金粒子44は、例えば以下のようにして得られる。
まず、所定の組成となるよう金属原材料を秤量して混合し、この混合物を例えば誘導溶解炉で溶解してインゴットにする。得られたインゴットに、900〜1200℃の不活性ガス雰囲気下にて5〜24時間加熱する熱処理を施す。この後、インゴットを粉砕し、篩分けにより所望粒径に分級して、水素吸蔵合金粒子44が得られる。
The hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 are obtained, for example, as follows.
First, metal raw materials are weighed and mixed so as to have a predetermined composition, and this mixture is melted in, for example, an induction melting furnace to form an ingot. The obtained ingot is heat-treated by heating for 5 to 24 hours in an inert gas atmosphere at 900 to 1200 ° C. Thereafter, the ingot is pulverized and classified to a desired particle size by sieving, whereby hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 are obtained.

負極添加材46は、Bi、In及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいる。この負極添加材46は粒子状をなし、水素吸蔵合金粒子44間に分布している。ここで、Bi及びInのそれぞれの化合物としては、酸化ビスマス、酸化インジウム、炭酸ビスマス、炭酸インジウム、フッ化ビスマス、フッ化インジウム等が挙げられる。   The negative electrode additive 46 contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi, In, and compounds of these elements. The negative electrode additive 46 is in the form of particles and is distributed between the hydrogen storage alloy particles 44. Here, examples of Bi and In compounds include bismuth oxide, indium oxide, bismuth carbonate, indium carbonate, bismuth fluoride, and indium fluoride.

前述したように正極への充電量の増加は電池の作動電圧の低下といった弊害を生じさせるが、このような弊害は負極添加材46が電池の作動電圧の低下を抑制し、作動電圧を高める働きをなすことで解消される。ここで、負極合剤中の負極添加材の含有量が水素吸蔵合金100重量部に対して0.3重量部より少ないと、室温(25℃)での使用時、低温(−10℃)での使用時ともに電池の作動電圧の向上は認められない。一方、負極添加材の含有量が水素吸蔵合金100重量部に対して1.5重量部を超えると、低温(−10℃)での使用時、電池の作動電圧は低下してしまう。よって、作動電圧の向上効果を発揮させるには,負極添加材の含有量を、水素吸蔵合金100重量部に対して0.3〜1.5重量部の範囲に設定することが好ましい。   As described above, an increase in the amount of charge to the positive electrode causes a negative effect such as a decrease in the operating voltage of the battery. However, such an adverse effect is caused by the negative electrode additive 46 suppressing the decrease in the operating voltage of the battery and increasing the operating voltage. It is solved by making. Here, when the content of the negative electrode additive in the negative electrode mixture is less than 0.3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy, use at a low temperature (−10 ° C.) when used at room temperature (25 ° C.) Over time, the battery operating voltage is not improved. On the other hand, when the content of the negative electrode additive exceeds 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy, the operating voltage of the battery decreases when used at a low temperature (−10 ° C.). Therefore, in order to exert the effect of improving the operating voltage, it is preferable to set the content of the negative electrode additive in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy.

負極26は、例えば以下のようにして製造することができる。
まず、水素吸蔵合金粒子44からなる水素吸蔵合金粉末、負極添加材46、必要に応じて導電助剤、結着剤48及び水を混練してペースト(負極用)を調製する。得られたペーストは負極基板に塗着され、乾燥させられる。乾燥後、水素吸蔵合金粒子44等が付着した負極基板はロール圧延及び裁断され、これにより負極26が作製される。
The negative electrode 26 can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
First, a paste (for a negative electrode) is prepared by kneading a hydrogen storage alloy powder composed of hydrogen storage alloy particles 44, a negative electrode additive 46, and optionally a conductive additive, a binder 48 and water. The obtained paste is applied to the negative electrode substrate and dried. After drying, the negative electrode substrate to which the hydrogen storage alloy particles 44 and the like are attached is rolled and cut, whereby the negative electrode 26 is produced.

1.電池の製造
実施例1
(1)正極の作製
ニッケルに対して亜鉛3重量%、コバルト1重量%となるように、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸亜鉛及び硫酸コバルトの混合水溶液を攪拌しながら、この混合水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を徐々に添加して反応させ、ここでの反応中、pHを13〜14に安定させて水酸化ニッケルの複合粒子を析出させた。
得られた複合粒子を10倍の量の純水で3回洗浄した後、脱水、乾燥することにより、正極活物質36としての水酸化ニッケル粒子を作製した。
1. Production of Battery Example 1
(1) Preparation of positive electrode While stirring a mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, zinc sulfate and cobalt sulfate so that the amount of zinc is 3% by weight and 1% by weight of cobalt, nickel hydroxide aqueous solution is gradually added to this mixed aqueous solution. During the reaction, the pH was stabilized at 13 to 14 to precipitate nickel hydroxide composite particles.
The obtained composite particles were washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, and then dehydrated and dried to produce nickel hydroxide particles as the positive electrode active material 36.

次に、作成した水酸化ニッケル粒子100重量部に、10重量部の水酸化コバルト(導電剤40)、0.5重量部の酸化イットリウム(正極添加材38)及び40重量部のHPC(ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(結着剤42))のディスバージョン液を混合して正極活物質スラリーを調製し、この正極活物質スラリーを正極基板としての発泡ニッケルシートに塗着・充填した。水酸化ニッケル粒子が付着した発泡ニッケルシートを乾燥後、ロール圧延して裁断し、正極を得た。ここで、得られた正極中の正極合剤は、図1中円Qに示すように、正極添加材38と粉末状の導電剤40とが正極活物質36間に存在する態様をなしている。   Next, 100 parts by weight of the prepared nickel hydroxide particles were mixed with 10 parts by weight of cobalt hydroxide (conductive agent 40), 0.5 parts by weight of yttrium oxide (positive electrode additive 38), and 40 parts by weight of HPC (hydroxypropylcellulose ( A positive electrode active material slurry was prepared by mixing the dispersion solution of the binder 42)), and this positive electrode active material slurry was applied to and filled in a foamed nickel sheet as a positive electrode substrate. The foamed nickel sheet to which the nickel hydroxide particles adhered was dried and then rolled and cut to obtain a positive electrode. Here, the positive electrode mixture in the obtained positive electrode has an aspect in which the positive electrode additive 38 and the powdered conductive agent 40 are present between the positive electrode active materials 36 as indicated by a circle Q in FIG. .

(2)水素吸蔵合金及び負極の作製
先ず、60重量%のランタン、20重量%のセリウム、5重量%のプラセオジム、15重量%のネオジムを含む希土類成分を調製した。得られた希土類成分、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガン、アルミニウムを秤量して、これらがモル比で1.00:3.80:0.70:0.25:0.35の割合となる混合物を調製した。得られた混合物は、誘導溶解炉で溶解され、インゴットとされた。次いで、このインゴットに対し、温度1000℃のアルゴン雰囲気下にて10時間加熱する熱処理を施し、その組成が(La0.60Ce0.20Pr0.05Nd0.15)Ni3.80Co0.70Mn0.25Al0.35となる水素吸蔵合金のインゴットを得た。この後、このインゴットを不活性雰囲気中で機械的に粉砕して篩分けし、400メッシュ〜200メッシュの間に残る水素吸蔵合金粒子からなる粉末を選別した。得られた水素吸蔵合金の粉末に対しレーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置によりその粒度分布を測定した結果、水素吸蔵合金の粉末の重量積分50%にあたる粒子はその平均粒径が30μm、最大粒径が45μmであった。
(2) Production of hydrogen storage alloy and negative electrode First, a rare earth component containing 60% by weight of lanthanum, 20% by weight of cerium, 5% by weight of praseodymium, and 15% by weight of neodymium was prepared. The obtained rare earth component, nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum were weighed to prepare a mixture in which these were in a molar ratio of 1.00: 3.80: 0.70: 0.25: 0.35. The resulting mixture was melted in an induction melting furnace and made into an ingot. Next, this ingot was subjected to a heat treatment for 10 hours in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1000 ° C., and the composition was (La 0.60 Ce 0.20 Pr 0.05 Nd 0.15 ) Ni 3.80 Co. An ingot of a hydrogen storage alloy having 0.70 Mn 0.25 Al 0.35 was obtained. Thereafter, the ingot was mechanically pulverized in an inert atmosphere and sieved to select a powder composed of hydrogen storage alloy particles remaining between 400 mesh and 200 mesh. As a result of measuring the particle size distribution of the obtained hydrogen storage alloy powder using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device, the particles corresponding to 50% by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy powder have an average particle size of 30 μm and a maximum particle size. The diameter was 45 μm.

得られた水素吸蔵合金の粉末100重量部に対し、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム0.4重量部、カルボキシメチルセルロース0.1重量部、酸化ビスマス0.3重量部、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)のディスバージョン(固形分50重量%)1.0重量部(固形分換算)、カーボンブラック1.0重量部、および水30重量部を添加して混練し、スラリーを調製した。   With respect to 100 parts by weight of the obtained hydrogen storage alloy powder, 0.4 part by weight of sodium polyacrylate, 0.1 part by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3 part by weight of bismuth oxide, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) disversion (solid content 50% by weight) 1.0 parts by weight (in terms of solid content), 1.0 part by weight of carbon black, and 30 parts by weight of water were added and kneaded to prepare a slurry.

このスラリーを負極基板としての鉄製の孔あき板の両面に均等、且つ、厚さが一定となるように塗布した。なお、この孔あき板は60μmの厚みを有し、その表面にはニッケルめっきが施されている。
スラリーの乾燥後、水素吸蔵合金の粉末が付着した孔あき板を更にロール圧延して裁断し、負極1枚あたりの水素吸蔵合金量が9.0gとなるAAサイズ用の負極を作成した。
This slurry was applied to both surfaces of an iron perforated plate as a negative substrate so that the thickness was uniform and constant. This perforated plate has a thickness of 60 μm, and its surface is plated with nickel.
After the slurry was dried, the perforated plate to which the hydrogen storage alloy powder adhered was further rolled and cut to prepare an AA size negative electrode in which the amount of hydrogen storage alloy per negative electrode was 9.0 g.

(3)ニッケル水素二次電池の組み立て
得られた正極24及び負極26をこれらの間にセパレータ28を挟んだ状態で渦巻状に巻回し、電極群22を作製した。ここでの電極群22の作製に使用したセパレータ28はポリプロピレン繊維製不織布から成り、その厚みは0.1mm(目付量40g/m2)であった。
有底円筒形状の外装缶10内に上記電極群22を収納するとともに、リチウム、カリウムを含有した30重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液から成るアルカリ電解液を注液した。この後、蓋板14等で外装缶10の開口を塞ぎ、公称容量が2000mAhのAAサイズの密閉型ニッケル水素二次電池2を組み立てた。このニッケル水素二次電池を電池Aと称す。
(3) Assembly of Nickel Metal Hydride Battery The obtained positive electrode 24 and negative electrode 26 were spirally wound with a separator 28 sandwiched between them, and an electrode group 22 was produced. The separator 28 used for the production of the electrode group 22 here was made of a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene fiber, and its thickness was 0.1 mm (weight per unit area 40 g / m 2 ).
The electrode group 22 was housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 10 and an alkaline electrolyte composed of a 30 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution containing lithium and potassium was injected. Thereafter, the opening of the outer can 10 was closed with a cover plate 14 or the like, and an AA size sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery 2 having a nominal capacity of 2000 mAh was assembled. This nickel metal hydride secondary battery is referred to as battery A.

実施例2
負極に添加する酸化ビスマスの量を0.5重量部にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池B)を組み立てた。
Example 2
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery B) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that the amount of bismuth oxide added to the negative electrode was 0.5 parts by weight.

実施例3
負極に添加する酸化ビスマスの量を1.0重量部にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池C)を組み立てた。
Example 3
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery C) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that the amount of bismuth oxide added to the negative electrode was 1.0 part by weight.

実施例4
負極に添加する酸化ビスマスの量を2.0重量部にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池D)を組み立てた。
Example 4
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery D) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that the amount of bismuth oxide added to the negative electrode was 2.0 parts by weight.

実施例5
正極に酸化イットリウムの代わりに酸化イッテルビウムを添加したこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池G)を組み立てた。
Example 5
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery G) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that ytterbium oxide was added to the positive electrode instead of yttrium oxide.

実施例6
正極に酸化イットリウムの代わりに酸化エルビウムを添加したこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池H)を組み立てた。
Example 6
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery H) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that erbium oxide was added to the positive electrode instead of yttrium oxide.

実施例7
負極に酸化ビスマスの代わりに酸化インジウムを添加したこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池I)を組み立てた。
Example 7
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery I) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that indium oxide was added to the negative electrode instead of bismuth oxide.

実施例8
水素吸蔵合金の組成を(La0.3Nd0.3Sm0.4)0.85Mg0.15Ni3.55Al0.25にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池K)を組み立てた。
Example 8
Nickel similar to battery A of Example 1 except that the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy was (La 0.3 Nd 0.3 Sm 0.4 ) 0.85 Mg 0.15 Ni 3.55 Al 0.25 A hydrogen secondary battery (battery K) was assembled.

実施例9
水素吸蔵合金の組成を(La0.3Nd0.3Sm0.4)0.85Mg0.15Ni2.92Al0.10にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池L)を組み立てた。
Example 9
Nickel similar to battery A of Example 1 except that the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy was (La 0.3 Nd 0.3 Sm 0.4 ) 0.85 Mg 0.15 Ni 2.92 Al 0.10 A hydrogen secondary battery (battery L) was assembled.

実施例10
水素吸蔵合金の組成を(La0.3Nd0.3Sm0.4)0.85Mg0.15Ni3.35Al0.20にしたこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池M)を組み立てた。
Example 10
Nickel similar to battery A of Example 1 except that the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy was (La 0.3 Nd 0.3 Sm 0.4 ) 0.85 Mg 0.15 Ni 3.35 Al 0.20 A hydrogen secondary battery (battery M) was assembled.

実施例11
図2中円S内に示すように、正極合剤中の正極活物質36の表面が導電剤50で被覆されていること以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池N)を組み立てた。
Example 11
As shown in a circle S in FIG. 2, a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery) similar to the battery A of Example 1 except that the surface of the positive electrode active material 36 in the positive electrode mixture is coated with the conductive agent 50 N) was assembled.

より詳しくは、正極の作製において、前記混合水溶液中に水酸化ニッケルを析出させた後、この水酸化ニッケルが析出した前記混合水溶液中に、その反応中のpHを9〜10に維持しながら硫酸コバルト水溶液を加えた。これにより、主成分が水酸化ニッケルである球状水酸化物の粒子を核とし、この核の表面に水酸化コバルトが析出した複合粒子を得た。なお、この水酸化コバルトは、球状水酸化物の粒子に対して10重量%の割合で析出させた。次いで、この複合粒子を10倍の量の純水で3回洗浄した後、脱水、乾燥することにより、コバルト被覆層(導電剤50)を有する被覆水酸化ニッケル活物質(正極活物質36)を作製した。そして、ここでは粉末状の導電剤は添加せずに、被覆水酸化ニッケル活物質100重量部に0.5重量部の酸化イットリウム(正極添加材38)及び40重量部のHPC(結着剤42)のディスパージョン液を混合して、正極活物質スラリーを作製したこと以外は、実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池を作製した。   More specifically, in the preparation of the positive electrode, after nickel hydroxide was precipitated in the mixed aqueous solution, sulfuric acid was added to the mixed aqueous solution in which the nickel hydroxide was precipitated while maintaining the pH during the reaction at 9-10. An aqueous cobalt solution was added. As a result, composite particles having spherical hydroxide particles whose main component is nickel hydroxide as nuclei and cobalt hydroxide precipitated on the surface of the nuclei were obtained. The cobalt hydroxide was precipitated at a ratio of 10% by weight with respect to the spherical hydroxide particles. Next, the composite particles are washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, and then dehydrated and dried to obtain a coated nickel hydroxide active material (positive electrode active material 36) having a cobalt coating layer (conductive agent 50). Produced. And here, without adding a powdery conductive agent, 100 parts by weight of the coated nickel hydroxide active material, 0.5 parts by weight of yttrium oxide (positive electrode additive 38) and 40 parts by weight of HPC (binder 42). A nickel metal hydride secondary battery similar to the battery A of Example 1 was produced except that the dispersion liquid was mixed to produce a positive electrode active material slurry.

実施例12
水素吸蔵合金の組成を(La0.3Nd0.3Sm0.4)0.85Mg0.15Ni3.35Al0.20にしたこと以外は実施例11の電池Nと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池P)を組み立てた。
Example 12
Nickel similar to battery N of Example 11 except that the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy was (La 0.3 Nd 0.3 Sm 0.4 ) 0.85 Mg 0.15 Ni 3.35 Al 0.20 A hydrogen secondary battery (battery P) was assembled.

比較例1
負極に酸化ビスマスを添加しないこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池E)を組み立てた。
Comparative Example 1
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery E) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that bismuth oxide was not added to the negative electrode.

比較例2
正極に酸化イットリウムを添加しないこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池F)を組み立てた。
Comparative Example 2
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery F) similar to battery A of Example 1 was assembled except that yttrium oxide was not added to the positive electrode.

比較例3
水素吸蔵合金の組成を(La0.3Nd0.3Sm0.4)0.85Mg0.15Ni3.55Al0.25にしたこと、そして、負極に酸化ビスマスを添加しないこと以外は実施例1の電池Aと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池J)を組み立てた。
Comparative Example 3
The composition of the hydrogen storage alloy was (La 0.3 Nd 0.3 Sm 0.4 ) 0.85 Mg 0.15 Ni 3.55 Al 0.25 , and no bismuth oxide was added to the negative electrode. Assembled a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery J) similar to battery A of Example 1.

比較例4
負極に酸化ビスマスを添加しないこと以外は実施例11の電池Nと同様なニッケル水素二次電池(電池O)を組み立てた。
Comparative Example 4
A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery (battery O) similar to battery N of Example 11 was assembled except that bismuth oxide was not added to the negative electrode.

2.ニッケル水素二次電池及び水素吸蔵合金の評価方法
(1)初期活性化処理
電池A〜電池Pに対し、温度25°Cの下にて、0.1Cの充電電流で16時間の充電を行った後に、0.2Cの放電電流で電池電圧が0.5Vになるまで放電させる初期活性化処理を2回繰り返した。
2. Evaluation method of nickel metal hydride secondary battery and hydrogen storage alloy (1) Initial activation treatment After charging battery A to battery P at a temperature of 25 ° C for 16 hours with a charging current of 0.1C The initial activation treatment for discharging until the battery voltage reached 0.5 V at a discharge current of 0.2 C was repeated twice.

(2)正極活物質の利用率
初期活性化処理済みの電池A〜電池Pに対し、25℃の雰囲気下にて、1.0Cの電流で1時間充電し、その後、同一の雰囲気下にて0.2Cの電流で電池電圧が0.8Vになるまで放電させたときの電池の放電容量を測定した。このときの放電容量を実測放電容量とする。一方、正極に含まれる全活物質の量から求められる放電容量を理論容量とする。そして、(II)式で示される正極活物質の利用率を求めた。
(2) Utilization rate of positive electrode active material The batteries A to P after the initial activation treatment were charged at a current of 1.0 C in an atmosphere at 25 ° C. for 1 hour, and then 0.2% in the same atmosphere. The discharge capacity of the battery was measured when the battery was discharged at a current of C until the battery voltage reached 0.8V. The discharge capacity at this time is taken as the measured discharge capacity. On the other hand, the discharge capacity obtained from the amount of all active materials contained in the positive electrode is defined as the theoretical capacity. And the utilization factor of the positive electrode active material shown by (II) type | formula was calculated | required.

正極活物質の利用率=(実測容量/理論容量)×100 ・・・(II)
そして、各電池の正極活物質の利用率は、比較例1の電池での利用率を100としたときの指数で表1に示した。
Utilization rate of positive electrode active material = (actually measured capacity / theoretical capacity) × 100 (II)
The utilization ratio of the positive electrode active material of each battery is shown in Table 1 as an index when the utilization ratio of the battery of Comparative Example 1 is 100.

(3)作動電圧
初期活性化処理済みの電池A〜電池Pに対し、25℃の雰囲気下にて、1.0Cの電流で1時間充電し、その後、同一の雰囲気下にて4.0Cの電流で電池電圧が0.8Vになるまで放電させたときの電池の放電容量を測定する一方、全放電時間の中間時点での電池の電圧を4C放電時の作動電圧として求めた。これらの結果を、比較例1での4C放電時の作動電圧を減算項とした差(単位:mV)でもって表1に示した。
(3) Operating voltage The batteries A to P that have been initially activated are charged for 1 hour at a current of 1.0 C in an atmosphere at 25 ° C., and then at a current of 4.0 C in the same atmosphere. While measuring the discharge capacity of the battery when discharged until the battery voltage reached 0.8V, the voltage of the battery at the middle of the total discharge time was determined as the operating voltage during 4C discharge. These results are shown in Table 1 with a difference (unit: mV) in which the operating voltage at the time of 4C discharge in Comparative Example 1 is a subtraction term.

更に、各電池について、25℃の雰囲気下にて、1.0Cの電流で1時間充電し、その後、−10℃の雰囲気下にて1.0Cの電流で電池電圧が0.8Vになるまで放電し、低温での電池放電容量を測定する一方、全放電時間の中間時点での電池の電圧を−10℃放電時の作動電圧として求めた。これらの結果を、比較例1での−10℃放電時の作動電圧を減算項とした差(単位:mV)でもって表1に示した。   Furthermore, for each battery, it was charged at a current of 1.0 C in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. for 1 hour, and then discharged until the battery voltage was 0.8 V at a current of 1.0 C in an atmosphere of −10 ° C., While measuring the battery discharge capacity at low temperature, the voltage of the battery at the middle of the total discharge time was determined as the operating voltage at -10 ° C discharge. These results are shown in Table 1 with a difference (unit: mV) in which the operating voltage at −10 ° C. discharge in Comparative Example 1 was used as a subtraction term.

(4)水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造
前述した粉砕直後の水素吸蔵合金はその一部の粉末が取り分けられており、この取り分けた合金粉末に対してX線回折測定(XRD測定)を行った。測定には株式会社リガク製(平行ビームX線回折装置)の装置を用い、ここでの測定仕様は、X線源:CuKα、管電圧:50kV、管電流:300mA、スキャンスピード:1°/min、試料の回転速度:60rpmであった。測定結果のプロファイルに基づき、水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造を特定した。その特定結果を表1に併せて示した。
(4) Crystal structure of hydrogen storage alloy A part of the powder of the hydrogen storage alloy immediately after pulverization described above was used, and X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD measurement) was performed on the selected alloy powder. For the measurement, a device manufactured by Rigaku Corporation (parallel beam X-ray diffractometer) is used. The measurement specifications here are: X-ray source: CuKα, tube voltage: 50kV, tube current: 300mA, scan speed: 1 ° / min Sample rotation speed: 60 rpm. Based on the profile of the measurement results, the crystal structure of the hydrogen storage alloy was identified. The specific results are also shown in Table 1.

Figure 2012074299
Figure 2012074299

3.評価結果
表1から次のことが明らかである。
(1)負極に酸化ビスマスを添加した実施例1〜4(電池A〜D)と負極に酸化ビスマスの添加がない比較例1(電池E)とを比較すると、実施例1〜4と比較例1との間には正極活物質の利用率に差は無いが、4C放電時及び−10℃放電時の作動電圧に関してみたとき、実施例1〜4は比較例1に比べて、両方の作動電圧は何れも高い。このことは、電池の放電時、両方の作動電圧の低下が抑制されていることを意味する。
3. Evaluation results Table 1 clearly shows the following.
(1) When comparing Examples 1 to 4 (Batteries A to D) in which bismuth oxide was added to the negative electrode and Comparative Example 1 (Battery E) in which no bismuth oxide was added to the negative electrode, Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples Although there is no difference in the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material between 1 and 4, when looking at the operating voltage at the time of 4C discharge and −10 ° C. discharge, Examples 1-4 are compared with Comparative Example 1 in both operations. Both voltages are high. This means that a decrease in both operating voltages is suppressed when the battery is discharged.

(2)また、実施例1〜4(電池A〜D)を互いに比較すると、上述の作動電圧の低下を抑制する効果は負極への酸化ビスマスの添加量により変化することが分かる。具体的には、その添加量が0.3重量部を超えると、4C放電時及び−10℃放電時の作動電圧の双方に関して、これら作動電圧の低下を抑制する効果が現れるが、添加量が2重量部になると、−10℃放電時の作動電圧の低下を抑制する効果は現れず、逆に、その作動電圧の低下は一層促進されていることがわかる。このことから、酸化ビスマスの添加量は、正極活物質100重量部に対し、0.3〜1.5重量部の範囲、より好ましくは、0.3〜1.0重量部の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。 (2) Moreover, when Examples 1-4 (battery AD) are compared with each other, it turns out that the effect which suppresses the fall of the above-mentioned operating voltage changes with the addition amount of the bismuth oxide to a negative electrode. Specifically, when the addition amount exceeds 0.3 parts by weight, the effect of suppressing a decrease in the operation voltage appears for both the operation voltage at the time of 4C discharge and −10 ° C. discharge, but the addition amount is 2% by weight. When it becomes a part, it turns out that the effect which suppresses the fall of the operating voltage at the time of -10 degreeC discharge does not appear, conversely, the fall of the operating voltage is accelerated | stimulated further. From this, the addition amount of bismuth oxide is preferably set in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.

(3)更に、正極に酸化イットリウムが添加された実施例1(電池A)と正極に酸化イットリウムが添加されていない比較例2(電池F)とを比較すると、比較例2(電池F)では実施例1(電池A)に比べて正極活物質の利用率、即ち、電池の高容量化が大きく低下すると同時に、前述した両作動電圧低下の抑制効果もあまり達成されないことがわかる。
正極及び負極への添加材が上述の相乗効果を発揮するメカニズムについては明確になっていないものの、負極への酸化ビスマスの添加により前記両方の作動電圧低下の抑制を図る場合、正極にも酸化イットリウムを添加することで、両方の作動電圧低下の更なる抑制を達成できることがわかる。
(3) Further, comparing Example 1 (Battery A) in which yttrium oxide was added to the positive electrode and Comparative Example 2 (Battery F) in which yttrium oxide was not added to the positive electrode, Comparative Example 2 (Battery F) It can be seen that, compared with Example 1 (battery A), the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material, that is, the increase in the capacity of the battery is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the effect of suppressing the reduction in both operating voltages is not achieved.
Although the mechanism by which the additive to the positive electrode and the negative electrode exerts the above synergistic effect has not been clarified, when the reduction of both operating voltages is to be suppressed by adding bismuth oxide to the negative electrode, the positive electrode also has yttrium oxide. It can be seen that further suppression of both operating voltage drops can be achieved by adding.

(4)実施例1(電池A)、実施例5(電池G)及び実施例6(電池H)を互いに比較すれば、酸化イットリウムの代わりに酸化イッテルビウム又は酸化エルビウムを正極添加材として添加しても、酸化イットリウムの場合と同様に正極活物質の利用率の向上と同時に、両作動電圧低下を抑制できることがわかる。 (4) If Example 1 (Battery A), Example 5 (Battery G) and Example 6 (Battery H) are compared with each other, ytterbium oxide or erbium oxide is added as a positive electrode additive instead of yttrium oxide. It can also be seen that, as in the case of yttrium oxide, the reduction in both operating voltages can be suppressed simultaneously with the improvement of the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material.

(5)実施例1(電池A)と実施例7(電池I)との比較から、負極添加材としての酸化ビスマス及び酸化インジウムは共に、両方の作動電圧低下の抑制効果は得られるが、ここでの抑制効果に関し、酸化インジウムの添加は酸化ビスマスの添加に及ばないことがわかる。 (5) From the comparison between Example 1 (Battery A) and Example 7 (Battery I), both bismuth oxide and indium oxide as the negative electrode additive have the effect of suppressing both operating voltage drops. It can be seen that the indium oxide addition does not reach the bismuth oxide addition.

(6)また、負極の水素吸蔵合金がCaCu型結晶構造の組成を有する実施例1(電池A)とその水素吸蔵合金がPrCo19型結晶構造の組成を有する実施例8(電池K)との比較から、実施例8(電池K)は実施例1(電池A)に比べて−10℃放電時における作動電圧低下の抑制に優れていることがわかる。ここで、比較例3(電池J)はその水素吸蔵合金が実施例8(電池K)での場合と同一組成で且つ同一結晶構造を有するものの、負極添加材の添加を受けておらず、上述した両方の作動電圧低下の抑制を達成していない。このことから、上記した両方の作動電圧低下の抑制効果は、水素吸蔵合金を組成や結晶構造を変更して得られるものではなく、特定の結晶構造を持つ水素吸蔵合金と負極添加材としての酸化ビスマスの添加との組み合わせにより、より大きく達成されることがわかる。 (6) Example 1 (battery A) in which the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode has a composition of CaCu 5 type crystal structure and Example 8 (battery K) in which the hydrogen storage alloy has a composition of Pr 5 Co 19 type crystal structure )), It can be seen that Example 8 (Battery K) is superior to Example 1 (Battery A) in suppressing the decrease in operating voltage when discharged at −10 ° C. Here, in Comparative Example 3 (Battery J), the hydrogen storage alloy has the same composition and the same crystal structure as in Example 8 (Battery K), but the negative electrode additive was not added. The suppression of both operating voltage drops has not been achieved. Therefore, both of the above-mentioned effects of suppressing the decrease in operating voltage are not obtained by changing the composition or crystal structure of the hydrogen storage alloy, but the oxidation of the hydrogen storage alloy having a specific crystal structure and the negative electrode additive material. It can be seen that this is achieved even more in combination with the addition of bismuth.

(7)実施例8(電池K)、実施例9(電池L)、実施例10(電池M)の水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造に着目すれば、水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造がPuNi型である実施例9はPrCo19型の実施例8に比べて、両方の作動電圧低下の抑制効果はやや劣り、一方、CeNi型である実施例10は実施例8に比べて、両方の作動電圧低下の抑制に更に優れていることがわかる。このことから、水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造が両方の作動電圧低下の抑制に大きく影響することがわかり、CeNi型が両方の作動電圧低下の抑制に最も寄与することがわかる。 (7) If attention is paid to the crystal structures of the hydrogen storage alloys of Example 8 (Battery K), Example 9 (Battery L), and Example 10 (Battery M), the crystal structure of the hydrogen storage alloy is PuNi 3 type. Example 9 is somewhat inferior to both Pr 5 Co 19 type examples 8 in reducing the operating voltage drop, while Ce 2 Ni 7 type example 10 is both in comparison with example 8. It turns out that it is further excellent in suppression of the operating voltage fall. From this, it can be seen that the crystal structure of the hydrogen storage alloy greatly affects the suppression of both operating voltage drops, and it can be seen that the Ce 2 Ni 7 type contributes most to the suppression of both operating voltage drops.

(8)実施例1(電池A)、実施例11(電池N)及び比較例4(電池O)を導電剤の添加形態に着目して比較すると、正極合剤中に導電剤としてのコバルト化合物を粉末の形態で添加した実施例1に比べ、正極合剤の正極活物質、即ち、水酸化ニッケル粒子の表面に導電剤としてのコバルト化合物を被覆した実施例11及び比較例4では正極活物質の利用率の向上が認められる。 (8) When comparing Example 1 (Battery A), Example 11 (Battery N), and Comparative Example 4 (Battery O), focusing on the form of addition of the conductive agent, a cobalt compound as a conductive agent in the positive electrode mixture In Example 11 and Comparative Example 4 in which the surface of the nickel hydroxide particles was coated with a cobalt compound as a conductive agent, compared with Example 1 in which was added in the form of powder. Improvement of utilization rate is recognized.

このことから、正極活物質の利用率向上には、導電剤としてのコバルト化合物を正極活物質である水酸化ニッケル粒子の表面に被覆することが有効であるとわかる。ここで、比較例4の場合、正極活物質の利用率は向上しているものの、両方の作動電圧低下は一層進んでいる。これは、前述したように充電時、正極にγ−NiOOHの生成が促進されたことで、正極の放電性が低下したことに起因するものと考えられる。   From this, it can be seen that it is effective to coat the surface of nickel hydroxide particles as the positive electrode active material with a cobalt compound as a conductive agent in order to improve the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material. Here, in the case of the comparative example 4, although the utilization factor of the positive electrode active material is improved, both operating voltage drops are further advanced. This is considered to be due to the fact that the discharge property of the positive electrode was lowered due to the accelerated generation of γ-NiOOH on the positive electrode during charging as described above.

これに対し、比較例4とは負極に酸化ビスマスを添加した点のみで異なる実施例11は、γ−NiOOHの生成に起因した放電性の低下に拘わらず、両方の作動電圧低下の抑制を図ることができ、正極活物質の利用率の向上と両方の作動電圧低下の抑制とを両立させていることがわかる。   On the other hand, Example 11, which differs from Comparative Example 4 only in that bismuth oxide was added to the negative electrode, intended to suppress both operating voltage drops, regardless of the decrease in dischargeability due to the generation of γ-NiOOH. It can be seen that both the improvement in the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material and the suppression of the decrease in both operating voltages are achieved.

(9)実施例12(電池P)は、正極活物質の利用率の向上と同時に、4C放電時及び−10℃放電時での両方の作動電圧低下の抑制を達成できるから、実施例12の構成は前記利用率の向上と作動電圧低下の抑制との両立を図るうえで最適であることがわかる。具体的には、実施例12(電池P)の場合正極は、コバルト化合物が被覆された水酸化ニッケル粒子と、正極添加材として酸化イットリウムとを含み、負極は、CeNi型の結晶構造を有する組成の水素吸蔵合金と、負極添加材としての酸化ビスマスとを含んでいる。
本発明は、上記した一実施形態及び実施例に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能であり、例えば、ニッケル水素二次電池は、角形電池であってもよく、機械的な構造は格別限定されることはない。また、前述の各実施例において、水素吸蔵合金の結晶構造は、CaCu5型、PuNi3型、Pr5Co19型、Ce2Ni7型に限らず、CeNi型、GdCo型、CeCo19型等であってもよい。
(9) Since Example 12 (Battery P) can achieve both the improvement in the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material and the suppression of both operating voltage drops during 4C discharge and −10 ° C. discharge, It can be seen that the configuration is optimal for achieving both the improvement of the utilization factor and the suppression of the operating voltage drop. Specifically, in the case of Example 12 (battery P), the positive electrode includes nickel hydroxide particles coated with a cobalt compound and yttrium oxide as a positive electrode additive, and the negative electrode has a Ce 2 Ni 7 type crystal structure. And a bismuth oxide as a negative electrode additive.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and examples, and various modifications are possible. For example, the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery may be a prismatic battery, and the mechanical structure is There is no particular limitation. Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the crystal structure of the hydrogen storage alloy is not limited to CaCu 5 type, PuNi 3 type, Pr 5 Co 19 type, Ce 2 Ni 7 type, but CeNi 3 type, Gd 2 Co 7 type, Ce 5 Co 19 type or the like may be used.

2 ニッケル水素二次電池
24 正極
26 負極
36 水酸化ニッケル粒子
38 正極添加材
40 導電剤
42 結着剤
44 水素吸蔵合金粒子
46 負極添加材
48 結着剤
50 導電剤
2 Nickel-hydrogen secondary battery 24 Positive electrode 26 Negative electrode 36 Nickel hydroxide particles 38 Positive electrode additive 40 Conductive agent 42 Binder 44 Hydrogen storage alloy particles 46 Negative electrode additive 48 Binder 50 Conductive agent

Claims (5)

容器内に電極群がアルカリ電解液とともに密閉状態で収容され、前記電極群がセパレータ、正極及び負極からなるニッケル水素二次電池において、
前記正極は、
水酸化ニッケルからなる正極活物質粉末と、
前記正極活物質粉末中に分布され、Y、Yb、Er及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む正極添加材と
を有し、
前記負極は、
水素吸蔵合金の粉末と、
前記水素吸蔵合金の粉末中に分布され、Bi、In及びこれら元素のそれぞれの化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む負極添加材と
を有する
ことを特徴とするニッケル水素二次電池。
In the nickel hydride secondary battery in which the electrode group is housed in a sealed state together with the alkaline electrolyte in the container, and the electrode group is composed of a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode,
The positive electrode is
A positive electrode active material powder made of nickel hydroxide;
A positive electrode additive that is distributed in the positive electrode active material powder and includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, and a compound of each of these elements;
The negative electrode is
Hydrogen storage alloy powder,
A nickel-metal hydride secondary battery comprising: a negative electrode additive containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi, In, and a compound of each of these elements, distributed in the hydrogen storage alloy powder.
前記正極活物質粉末の表面は、コバルト及びコバルト化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種により被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル水素二次電池。   2. The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the positive electrode active material powder is coated with at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt and a cobalt compound. 前記負極添加材の含有量は、前記水素吸蔵合金100重量部に対して0.3〜1.5重量部の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のニッケル水素二次電池。   The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the negative electrode additive is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy. . 前記水素吸蔵合金は、
一般式:
Ln1−xMgNiy−a−bAl
にて表される組成を有し、
前記式中、
Lnは、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Sc,Y,Zr及びTiよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、
Mは、V,Nb,Ta,Cr,Mo,Mn,Fe,Co,Ga,Zn,Sn,In,Cu,Si,P及びBよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を表し、
添字a、b、x、yは、それぞれ0.05≦a≦0.30、0≦b≦0.50、0.05≦x≦0.30、2.8≦y≦3.9を満たす数を表す
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載のニッケル水素二次電池。
The hydrogen storage alloy is
General formula:
Ln 1-x Mg x Ni y-a-b Al a M b
Having a composition represented by
In the above formula,
Ln is at least one selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, Y, Zr, and Ti. Represents the elements of
M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P and B;
The subscripts a, b, x, and y satisfy 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.30, 0 ≦ b ≦ 0.50, 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.30, and 2.8 ≦ y ≦ 3.9, respectively. The nickel hydride secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nickel hydride secondary battery represents a number.
前記水素吸蔵合金が、
CeNi型の結晶構造を有していることを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載のニッケル水素二次電池。
The hydrogen storage alloy is
The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery has a Ce 2 Ni 7 type crystal structure.
JP2010219492A 2010-09-29 2010-09-29 Nickel-hydrogen secondary battery Pending JP2012074299A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108711642A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-10-26 河南省恒明新能源有限公司 A kind of list pocket type large power long service life Ni-H cell
CN110707315A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-01-17 河北省科学院能源研究所 Surface modified nickel-based electrode material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108711642A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-10-26 河南省恒明新能源有限公司 A kind of list pocket type large power long service life Ni-H cell
CN110707315A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-01-17 河北省科学院能源研究所 Surface modified nickel-based electrode material

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