JP2012016315A - Air-conditioning system for cultivation greenhouse - Google Patents

Air-conditioning system for cultivation greenhouse Download PDF

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JP2012016315A
JP2012016315A JP2010155961A JP2010155961A JP2012016315A JP 2012016315 A JP2012016315 A JP 2012016315A JP 2010155961 A JP2010155961 A JP 2010155961A JP 2010155961 A JP2010155961 A JP 2010155961A JP 2012016315 A JP2012016315 A JP 2012016315A
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air
temperature
heat pump
cultivation house
conditioning system
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Tadashi Masuda
正 増田
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Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-conditioning system for a cultivation greenhouse capable of achieving reduction of a cost and carbon dioxide.SOLUTION: The air-conditioning system 1 for performing air-conditioning in the cultivation greenhouse H includes: an oil burning warm-air heater 2 installed in the cultivation greenhouse H; an indoor unit 31 installed in the cultivation greenhouse H; and a heat pump type air-conditioning device 3 having an outdoor unit installed outside the cultivation greenhouse H. The oil burning warm-air heater 2 stops when the temperature in the cultivation greenhouse H is higher than a first preset temperature which is set in advance and the heat pump type air-conditioning device 3 stops when the temperature in the cultivation greenhouse H is higher than a second preset temperature, which is set higher than the first set temperature in advance.

Description

本発明は、栽培ハウス内の空調を行う栽培ハウス用空調システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to an air conditioning system for a cultivation house that performs air conditioning in the cultivation house.

ビニールハウスやガラス張りの温室などの栽培ハウスを利用した農作物の栽培が広く行われているが、この栽培ハウス内の温度は農作物の成長に大きな影響を与えるため、栽培ハウス内の温度を管理する必要がある。例えば、特許文献１には、冬期、重油などの燃料を燃焼させて生成した温風を栽培ハウス内に供給して栽培ハウス内を暖房することが開示されている。   Cultivation of crops using greenhouses such as plastic greenhouses and glass-walled greenhouses is widely carried out, but the temperature in the cultivation house has a great influence on the growth of crops, so it is necessary to control the temperature in the cultivation house There is. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses that warm air generated by burning fuel such as heavy oil in the winter is supplied into the cultivation house to heat the cultivation house.

特開平１０−１１７６０３号公報JP-A-10-117603

しかしながら、上述したような重油焚き温風機による栽培ハウス内の暖房では、近年の石油価格の高騰によってコストが高くなるといった問題や、二酸化炭素の排出による環境面の問題があり、低コスト化や二酸化炭素排出量の削減などが要望されていた。そこで、本発明は、低コスト化や二酸化炭素の削減を図ることのできる栽培ハウス用空調システムを提供することを課題とする。   However, the heating in the cultivation house using the heavy oil-fired hot air blower as described above has a problem that the cost increases due to the recent rise in the price of oil and the environmental problem due to the emission of carbon dioxide. There was a demand for reduction of carbon emissions. Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the air conditioning system for cultivation houses which can aim at cost reduction and the reduction of a carbon dioxide.

本発明に係る栽培ハウス用空調システムは、栽培ハウス内の空調を行う空調システムであって、前記栽培ハウス内に設置された油焚き温風機と、前記栽培ハウス内に設置された室内機及び前記栽培ハウス外に設置された室外機を有するヒートポンプ式空調装置と、を備え、前記油焚き温風器は、栽培ハウス内の温度が、予め設定された第１の設定温度以上のときに停止し、前記ヒートポンプ式空調装置は、前記第１の設定温度よりも高い予め設定された第２の設定温度以上のときに停止する。   The air conditioning system for a cultivation house according to the present invention is an air conditioning system that performs air conditioning in the cultivation house, an oil-fired warm air machine installed in the cultivation house, an indoor unit installed in the cultivation house, and the above A heat pump type air conditioner having an outdoor unit installed outside the cultivation house, and the oil-fired warm air heater stops when the temperature in the cultivation house is equal to or higher than a first preset temperature set in advance. The heat pump air conditioner stops when the temperature is equal to or higher than a preset second set temperature higher than the first set temperature.

この栽培ハウス用空調システムによれば、油焚き温風機だけでなくヒートポンプ式空調装置によっても栽培ハウス内の暖房を行っている。そして、この油焚き温風機は、第１の設定温度以上となったときにその暖房運転が停止となり、第１の設定温度以上の場合は、ヒートポンプ式空調装置のみが稼働している状態となる。このように、油焚き温風機はヒートポンプ式空調装置の補助的な役割しか果たさず、ヒートポンプ式空調装置が主に栽培ハウス内の空調を行うため、低コスト化や二酸化炭素排出量の削減を図ることができる。また、ヒートポンプ式空調装置は、連続して暖房運転を行うと室外機の熱交換器部分（特にフィン部分）に着霜してしまい室外機に対する外気の通りが悪くなるという問題があるため、ある程度霜が付着すると除霜運転を行うように設定されている。しかし、この除霜運転とは、室外機側から温風が供給され、室内機側からは冷風が供給される運転であるため、ヒートポンプ式空調装置しか設置されていない場合は、栽培ハウス内が暖房されない状態となり栽培ハウス内の温度が下がりすぎてしまう可能性がある。これに対して、本発明に係る空調システムでは、油焚き温風機も設置されているため、ヒートポンプ式空調装置が除霜運転している際であっても栽培ハウス内を暖房することができ、栽培ハウス内の温度が過度に下がるといった問題を防止することができる。なお、この油焚き温風機とは、例えば重油焚き温風機や、灯油焚き温風機、軽油焚き温風機といったような、燃料を燃焼させて得た熱をファンによって送風することで温風を発生させる装置を含む概念である。   According to this air conditioning system for a cultivation house, the inside of the cultivation house is heated not only by an oil-fired hot air machine but also by a heat pump type air conditioner. And when this oil-fired hot-air machine becomes more than 1st preset temperature, the heating operation stops, and when it is more than 1st preset temperature, it will be in the state which only the heat pump type air conditioner is working. . In this way, the oil-fired hot air blower serves only as a supplement to the heat pump air conditioner, and the heat pump air conditioner mainly performs air conditioning in the cultivation house, thereby reducing costs and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. be able to. In addition, the heat pump type air conditioner has a problem that if the heating operation is continuously performed, the heat exchanger portion (especially the fin portion) of the outdoor unit is frosted and the passage of outside air to the outdoor unit becomes worse. It is set to perform a defrosting operation when frost adheres. However, since this defrosting operation is an operation in which warm air is supplied from the outdoor unit side and cold air is supplied from the indoor unit side, if only the heat pump air conditioner is installed, the inside of the cultivation house There is a possibility that the temperature in the cultivation house will be lowered too much because it is not heated. On the other hand, in the air conditioning system according to the present invention, since the oil-fired warm air machine is also installed, the inside of the cultivation house can be heated even when the heat pump type air conditioner is performing a defrosting operation, The problem that the temperature in the cultivation house falls excessively can be prevented. In addition, this oil-fired hot air generator generates warm air by blowing the heat obtained by burning the fuel with a fan, such as a heavy oil-fired hot air fan, a kerosene-fired hot air machine, and a light oil-fired hot air machine. It is a concept that includes a device.

上記栽培ハウス用空調システムは種々の構成をとることができるが、例えば、ファン装置を栽培ハウス内に設置し、このファン装置によって栽培ハウス内の空気を循環させるような構成とすることができる。この構成によれば、より効率的に栽培ハウス内の温度を均一にすることができる。   Although the said air conditioning system for cultivation houses can take various structures, for example, it can be set as the structure which installs a fan apparatus in a cultivation house and circulates the air in a cultivation house with this fan apparatus. According to this structure, the temperature in a cultivation house can be equalized more efficiently.

また、上述したヒートポンプ式空調装置を複数台設置し、各ヒートポンプ式空調装置の室内機から送風される温風を栽培ハウス内に拡散させるよう前記各ヒートポンプ式空調装置の室内機近傍に上述したファン装置をそれぞれ設置するような構成としてもよい。この場合、各ファン装置は、対応するヒートポンプ式空調装置の除霜運転時に停止するように制御される。このように構成することで、ヒートポンプ式空調装置の除霜運転時に冷風がファン装置によって栽培ハウス内に拡散されることを防止することができる。なお、ヒートポンプ式空調装置が除霜運転を同時に行わないように制御することが好ましい。   In addition, a plurality of the heat pump air conditioners described above are installed, and the fan described above in the vicinity of the indoor unit of each heat pump air conditioner so as to diffuse the hot air blown from the indoor unit of each heat pump air conditioner into the cultivation house It is good also as a structure which installs each apparatus. In this case, each fan device is controlled to stop during the defrosting operation of the corresponding heat pump air conditioner. By comprising in this way, it can prevent that a cold wind is spread | diffused in a cultivation house by a fan apparatus at the time of the defrost operation of a heat pump type air conditioner. In addition, it is preferable to control so that a heat pump type air conditioner may not perform a defrost operation simultaneously.

また、上記第１の設定温度及び第２の設定温度のうち少なくとも一方は、夜間の設定温度の方が昼間の設定温度よりも低いように設定してもよい。昼間に比べて夜間の温度はそれほど農作物に対して影響を与えることがないため、夜間の設定温度を低くすることで、より省エネ化を図ることができる。なお、このときの夜間の設定温度は、昼間の設定温度よりも３℃低い設定とすることが好ましい。   Further, at least one of the first set temperature and the second set temperature may be set so that the set temperature at night is lower than the set temperature during the daytime. Compared to the daytime, the nighttime temperature does not affect crops so much, so lowering the set temperature at night can save more energy. Note that the set temperature at night at this time is preferably set to be 3 ° C. lower than the set temperature during the daytime.

また、上記第１の設定温度は、第２の設定温度よりも２℃低い設定とすることが好ましい。   The first set temperature is preferably set to be 2 ° C. lower than the second set temperature.

本発明によれば、低コスト化や二酸化炭素の排出量の削減を図ることのできる栽培ハウス用空調システムを提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the air conditioning system for cultivation houses which can aim at cost reduction and reduction of the discharge | emission amount of a carbon dioxide can be provided.

図１は本実施形態に係る栽培ハウス用空調システムの各装置の配置を示す平面図である。Drawing 1 is a top view showing arrangement of each device of the air conditioning system for cultivation houses concerning this embodiment. 図２は本実施形態に係るヒートポンプ式空調装置の暖房運転時の状態を示す概略構成図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a state during the heating operation of the heat pump air conditioner according to the present embodiment. 図３は本実施形態に係るヒートポンプ式空調装置の除霜運転（冷房運転）時の状態を示す概略構成図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a state during a defrosting operation (cooling operation) of the heat pump air conditioner according to the present embodiment. 図４は栽培ハウス内の温度と、重油焚き温風機及びヒートポンプ式空調装置の稼働状態との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature in the cultivation house and the operating state of the heavy oil-fired hot air fan and the heat pump air conditioner. 図５は実施例に係る栽培ハウスの概略を示す斜視図である。FIG. 5: is a perspective view which shows the outline of the cultivation house which concerns on an Example. 図６は、実施例における栽培ハウス内の各機器の配置を示す平面図である。Drawing 6 is a top view showing arrangement of each apparatus in a cultivation house in an example. 図７は実施例１における栽培ハウス内の温度変化を示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing a temperature change in the cultivation house in Example 1. 図７は実施例１における各重油焚き温風機及びヒートポンプ式空調装置の消費電力量の変化を示すグラフである。FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in power consumption of each heavy oil-fired warm air machine and heat pump air conditioner in Example 1.

以下、本発明に係る栽培ハウス用空調システムの実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、以下の説明において、図１の左右方向を長手方向、上下方向を短手方向と称し、図１中の矢印は送風方向を示す。また、以下では、栽培ハウス用空調システムが暖房用として使用されることを前提として説明をする。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air conditioning system for a cultivation house according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the left-right direction in FIG. 1 is referred to as the longitudinal direction, and the up-down direction is referred to as the short-side direction, and the arrows in FIG. Moreover, below, it demonstrates on the assumption that the air conditioning system for cultivation houses is used for heating.

図１に示すように、栽培ハウス用空調システム１は、栽培ハウスＨ内の空調を行うためのシステムであり、本実施形態においては、２台の重油焚き温風機２、４台のヒートポンプ式空調装置３、及び６台のファン装置４から主に構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation house air conditioning system 1 is a system for performing air conditioning in the cultivation house H, and in this embodiment, two heavy oil-fired hot air machines 2 and four heat pump air conditioners. It is mainly composed of the device 3 and six fan devices 4.

栽培ハウスＨは、鋼材や木材などで形成された骨組に合成樹脂のフィルムが外壁となるよう被覆した、いわゆるビニールハウスを採用しており、平面視が略長方形状となっている。この栽培ハウスＨは、公知のものを採用することができる。   The cultivation house H employs a so-called vinyl house in which a synthetic resin film is coated on a framework formed of steel, wood, or the like so as to be an outer wall, and has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. As the cultivation house H, a known one can be adopted.

栽培ハウスＨ内において、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３の室内機３１が４隅に配置されるとともに、短手方向における各室内機３１の間に重油焚き温風機２が設置されている。これら、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３や重油焚き温風機２は、栽培ハウスＨの中央側に向かって温風を送るように配置されている。また、栽培ハウスＨ内には、その栽培ハウスＨ内の温度を測定する制御用温度センサ５が設置されており、その設置場所は、例えば、図１に示すような場所、すなわち、重油焚き温風機２の送風方向正面にそれぞれ設置することができる。   In the cultivation house H, the indoor units 31 of the heat pump type air conditioner 3 are arranged at the four corners, and the heavy oil-fired hot air machine 2 is installed between the indoor units 31 in the short direction. These heat pump type air conditioners 3 and heavy oil fired warm air machines 2 are arranged to send warm air toward the center side of the cultivation house H. Moreover, in the cultivation house H, the temperature sensor 5 for control which measures the temperature in the cultivation house H is installed, The installation place is a place as shown in FIG. Each can be installed in front of the blower 2 in the blowing direction.

重油焚き温風機２は、重油を燃焼させて温風を発生させる装置であり、従来から栽培ハウス内の暖房用として公知のものを使用することができる。この重油焚き温風機２は、制御手段（図示省略）によってその温風供給の開始や停止が制御される。詳細には、制御用温度センサ５によって検知した栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が、予め設定しておいた第１の設定温度T1以上となると温風の供給が停止され、第１の設定温度T1未満となると温風の供給が開始されるように制御手段によって制御される。なお、この第１の設定温度T1は、昼間と夜間とでその温度が異なるように設定することができる。例えば、朝６時から夜８時までの間（昼間）は、栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が１３℃以上となったことを制御用温度センサ５が検知すると、制御手段によって重油焚き温風機２による温風の供給を停止させ、１３℃未満であれば温風の供給を開始させるように制御し、夜８時から朝６時までの間（夜間）は、栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が１０℃以上となったときに重油焚き温風機２による温風の供給を停止させ、１０℃未満になると温風の供給を開始するよう制御することができる。 The heavy oil-fired warm air machine 2 is an apparatus that generates heavy air by burning heavy oil, and conventionally known devices for heating in a cultivation house can be used. This heavy oil-fired hot air blower 2 is controlled by the control means (not shown) to start and stop the supply of hot air. Specifically, when the temperature in the cultivation house H detected by the control temperature sensor 5 is equal to or higher than the first preset temperature T 1 set in advance, the supply of warm air is stopped, and the first preset temperature T When it is less than 1 , the control means controls so that the supply of hot air is started. The first set temperature T 1 can be set so that the temperature differs between daytime and nighttime. For example, during the period from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm (daytime), when the control temperature sensor 5 detects that the temperature in the cultivation house H has become 13 ° C. or higher, the control means uses the heavy oil-fired hot air blower 2. The supply of hot air is stopped, and if it is less than 13 ° C., the supply of hot air is controlled to start, and the temperature in the cultivation house H is 10 ° C. from 8 o'clock to 6 am When it becomes above, supply of the warm air by the heavy oil fired warm air machine 2 can be stopped, and when it becomes less than 10 degreeC, it can control to start supply of a warm air.

ヒートポンプ式空調装置３は、栽培ハウスＨ内に設置される室内機３１と、栽培ハウスＨ外に設置される室外機３２とから主に構成されており、この室内機３１に形成された吹出口から温風（又は冷風）が吹き出される。また、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３は、図２に示すように、圧縮機３０１、四方切替弁３０２、室内側熱交換器３０３、膨張弁（減圧機構）３０４、及び室外側熱交換器３０５が冷媒配管によって環状に接続されており、内部に冷媒が循環するような構造となっている。そして、このうち、室内側熱交換器３０３が室内機３１内に設置されており、圧縮機３０１や四方切替弁３０２、膨張弁３０４、室外側熱交換器３０５が室外機３２内に設置されている。室内機３１は、栽培ハウスＨ内の空気を吸い込む吸込口が形成されており、この吸込口から吸い込んだ空気が室内側熱交換器３０３内を流れる冷媒と熱交換される。暖房運転時は冷媒と熱交換した空気が加熱されて温風となり吹出口から吹き出され、除霜運転時（又は冷房運転時）はその空気が冷却されて冷風となり吹出口から吹き出されるように構成されている。   The heat pump type air conditioner 3 is mainly composed of an indoor unit 31 installed in the cultivation house H and an outdoor unit 32 installed outside the cultivation house H, and an air outlet formed in the indoor unit 31. Hot air (or cold air) is blown out. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat pump air conditioner 3 includes a compressor 301, a four-way switching valve 302, an indoor heat exchanger 303, an expansion valve (decompression mechanism) 304, and an outdoor heat exchanger 305 that are refrigerant pipes. Are connected in a ring shape, so that the refrigerant circulates inside. Of these, the indoor heat exchanger 303 is installed in the indoor unit 31, and the compressor 301, the four-way switching valve 302, the expansion valve 304, and the outdoor heat exchanger 305 are installed in the outdoor unit 32. Yes. The indoor unit 31 is formed with a suction port for sucking air in the cultivation house H, and the air sucked from the suction port is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 303. During heating operation, the air exchanged with the refrigerant is heated and warm air is blown out from the outlet, and during defrosting operation (or during cooling operation), the air is cooled to become cold air and blown out from the outlet. It is configured.

このヒートポンプ式空調装置３は、その室内機３１の内部に設置された制御用温度センサによって検知された栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が、予め設定した第２の設定温度T2以上になると温風の供給が停止し、第２の設定温度T2未満となると温風の供給が開始されるように制御手段（図示省略）によって制御される。この第２の設定温度T2は、第１の設定温度T1よりも２〜５℃程度高くすることが好ましく、約２℃高くすることがより好ましい。また、この第２の設定温度T2を昼間と夜間とで異なる温度にすることができる。具体的に説明すると、例えば、朝６時から夜８時までの時間帯（昼間）では第２の設定温度T2を１５℃とし、夜８時から朝６時までの時間帯（夜間）では、第２の設定温度T2を１２℃とすることができる。 The heat pump type air conditioner 3, the temperature of the cultivation house in H detected by the located control temperature sensor in the interior of the indoor unit 31, the second set temperature T 2 above becomes the hot air to a preset supply is stopped, it is controlled by a control unit (not shown) so when it comes to the second set temperature T less than 2 the supply of hot air is started. The second set temperature T 2 is preferably higher by about 2 to 5 ° C. than the first set temperature T 1, more preferably about 2 ° C. Further, it can be a different temperature the second set temperature T 2 in the daytime and nighttime. More specifically, for example, in the time zone from 6 am to 8 pm (daytime), the second set temperature T 2 is set to 15 ° C, and in the time zone from 8 pm to 6 am (nighttime) The second set temperature T 2 can be set to 12 ° C.

なお、暖房運転時のヒートポンプ式空調装置３は、図２に示すように、冷媒が、圧縮機３０１、四方切替弁３０２、室内側熱交換器３０３、膨張弁３０４、室外側熱交換器３０５、四方切替弁３０２、圧縮機３０１の順に流れるため、室内側熱交換器３０３には高温の冷媒が流れ、室外側熱交換器３０５には低温の冷媒が流れる。この暖房運転が続くと、室外熱交換器３０５本体や、フィンなどに霜が付着して室外熱交換器３０５に対する外気の流れが悪くなるため、この霜を溶かすために除霜運転を行う。この除霜運転時は、図３に示すように四方切替弁３０２での流路が切り替わり、冷媒は、圧縮機３０１、四方切替弁３０２、室外熱交換器３０５、膨張弁３０４、室内側熱交換器３０３、四方切替弁３０２、圧縮機３０１の順に流れるため、室外側熱交換器３０５に高温の冷媒が流れ、室内側熱交換器３０３に低温の冷媒が流れる。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat pump type air conditioner 3 at the time of heating operation includes a compressor 301, a four-way switching valve 302, an indoor heat exchanger 303, an expansion valve 304, an outdoor heat exchanger 305, Since the four-way switching valve 302 and the compressor 301 flow in this order, the high-temperature refrigerant flows through the indoor heat exchanger 303 and the low-temperature refrigerant flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 305. If this heating operation continues, frost adheres to the outdoor heat exchanger 305 main body, fins, etc., and the flow of outside air to the outdoor heat exchanger 305 deteriorates. Therefore, a defrosting operation is performed to melt this frost. During this defrosting operation, the flow path in the four-way switching valve 302 is switched as shown in FIG. 3, and the refrigerant is the compressor 301, the four-way switching valve 302, the outdoor heat exchanger 305, the expansion valve 304, and the indoor side heat exchange. Since the refrigerant flows in the order of the condenser 303, the four-way switching valve 302, and the compressor 301, the high-temperature refrigerant flows through the outdoor heat exchanger 305, and the low-temperature refrigerant flows through the indoor heat exchanger 303.

ファン装置４は、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３などから吹き出された温風などを栽培ハウスＨ内に循環させるために設置されており、各ヒートポンプ式空調装置３の室内機３１の近傍にそれぞれ配置され、より詳細には、各室内機３１からの送風方向下流側にそれぞれ配置されている。なお、特に限定されるわけではないが、ファン装置４と室内機３１との距離は、５〜６ｍ程度とすることが好ましい。また、ファン装置４は、室内機３１の近傍だけでなく、長手方向中央部にも２台設置されている。各室内機３１の近傍に配置されたファン装置４は、対応するヒートポンプ式空調装置３が除霜運転となったときには停止するように制御手段（図示省略）によって制御される。また、省エネのために、ファン装置４の稼働と停止を１５分間隔で繰り返すような運転とすることもできる。   The fan device 4 is installed to circulate the hot air blown from the heat pump air conditioner 3 or the like in the cultivation house H, and is arranged in the vicinity of the indoor unit 31 of each heat pump air conditioner 3, More specifically, each of the indoor units 31 is arranged on the downstream side in the blowing direction. In addition, although it does not necessarily limit, it is preferable that the distance of the fan apparatus 4 and the indoor unit 31 shall be about 5-6m. Two fan devices 4 are installed not only in the vicinity of the indoor unit 31 but also in the central portion in the longitudinal direction. The fan device 4 arranged in the vicinity of each indoor unit 31 is controlled by control means (not shown) so as to stop when the corresponding heat pump type air conditioner 3 is in the defrosting operation. Moreover, it can also be set as the operation | movement which repeats an operation | movement and a stop of the fan apparatus 4 for every 15 minutes for energy saving.

次に、上述したように構成された栽培ハウス用空調システムの作動方法について説明する。なお、以下では昼間（朝６時から夜８時）の時間帯における栽培ハウス用空調システムの作動方法を説明する。   Next, the operation method of the air conditioning system for cultivation houses configured as described above will be described. In addition, below, the operation | movement method of the air conditioning system for cultivation houses in the time slot | zone of daytime (6 am to 8:00 pm) is demonstrated.

まず、図４に示すように、栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が下がり続けて第１の設定温度T1未満となると、重油焚き温風機２からの温風の供給を開始させる。なお、このとき第２の設定温度T2よりも栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が低いため、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３からも温風が供給されている。 First, as shown in FIG. 4, when the temperature in the cultivation house H continues to decrease and becomes lower than the first set temperature T 1 , supply of warm air from the heavy oil-fired warm air fan 2 is started. Since the temperature of the cultivation house in H than a second set temperature T 2 at this time is low, it is supplied with hot air from the heat pump type air conditioner 3.

そして、重油焚き温風機２及びヒートポンプ式空調装置３による温風の供給によって栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が第１の設定温度T1まで上昇すると、重油焚き温風機２による温風の供給が停止し、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３のみが温風を供給している状態となる。このヒートポンプ式空調装置３のみの温風供給で栽培ハウスＨ内の温度がさらに第２の設定温度T2まで上昇すると、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３による温風の供給が停止し、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３と重油焚き温風機２の双方が温風の供給を停止した状態となる。ここで栽培ハウスＨ内の温度が下がり第２の設定温度T2未満となると、再度、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３による温風の供給が開始される。 And if the temperature in the cultivation house H rises to 1st preset temperature T1 by supply of the warm air by the heavy oil fired warm air machine 2 and the heat pump type air conditioner 3, supply of the warm air by the heavy oil fired hot air machine 2 stops. Only the heat pump type air conditioner 3 is in a state of supplying hot air. When the temperature in the cultivation house H further rises to the second set temperature T 2 by supplying only the heat pump type air conditioner 3, the supply of the hot air by the heat pump type air conditioner 3 is stopped, and the heat pump type air conditioner 3. And the heavy oil fired hot air machine 2 are in a state in which the supply of hot air is stopped. When the wherein the second set temperature T lower than 2 the temperature drops in the cultivation house H, again, the supply of hot air by the heat pump type air conditioning device 3 is started.

以上、上記実施形態に係る栽培ハウス用空調システム１によれば、重油焚き温風機２は、第１の設定温度T1未満でなければ温風の供給は行われず、基本的にはヒートポンプ式空調装置３の補助的な役割となっているため、二酸化炭素の排出を削減や、低コスト化を図ることができる。 As described above, according to the cultivation house air conditioning system 1 according to the embodiment, fuel oil-fired hot air machine 2, if less than a first set temperature T 1 of the hot air supply is not performed, basically a heat pump type air conditioning Since it is an auxiliary role for the apparatus 3, it is possible to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce costs.

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能である。例えば、上記実施形態では、栽培ハウス内を暖房する場合についてのみ説明したが、栽培ハウス内を冷房することもできる。この場合は、重油焚き温風機２を停止するとともに、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３を上述した除霜運転と同様に運転させることで、栽培ハウスＨ内に冷風を提供することができる。この場合は、第３の設定温度T3未満になるとヒートポンプ式空調装置３による冷風の供給が停止し、第３の設定温度T3以上となると冷風が供給されるように制御手段によって制御され、例えばこの第３の設定温度T3を約２０℃とすることができる。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these, A various change is possible unless it deviates from the meaning of this invention. For example, in the said embodiment, although demonstrated only about the case where the inside of a cultivation house was heated, the inside of a cultivation house can also be cooled. In this case, cold air can be provided in the cultivation house H by stopping the heavy oil fired hot air fan 2 and operating the heat pump air conditioner 3 in the same manner as the defrosting operation described above. In this case, when the temperature becomes lower than the third set temperature T 3 , the supply of the cold air by the heat pump air conditioner 3 is stopped, and when the temperature becomes equal to or higher than the third set temperature T 3 , the control means controls the cold air to be supplied. For example, the third set temperature T 3 can be set to about 20 ° C.

また、上記実施形態の第１の設定温度T1や第２の設定温度T2は、特に限定されるものではなく、栽培する農作物によって変更させてもよい。 In addition, the first set temperature T 1 and the second set temperature T 2 in the above embodiment are not particularly limited, and may be changed depending on the crop to be cultivated.

また、重油焚き温風機２やヒートポンプ式空調装置３やファン装置４の停止や稼働を制御するための制御手段は、各装置に１つずつ内蔵させてもよいし、一台の制御手段によって全ての装置の制御を行うような構成としてもよい。また、その他にも、１台の制御手段によって全てではなく複数の装置の制御を行う（例えば、図１左側の各装置を第１の制御手段で制御し、図１右側の各装置を第２の制御手段で制御するなど）こともできる。   Moreover, the control means for controlling the stop and operation of the heavy oil-fired hot air blower 2, the heat pump type air conditioner 3 and the fan device 4 may be incorporated in each device one by one or all by one control means. It is good also as a structure which controls this apparatus. In addition, a plurality of devices are controlled by one control means (for example, each device on the left side of FIG. 1 is controlled by the first control unit, and each device on the right side of FIG. Or the like).

また、上記実施形態では、重油を燃料とした重油焚き温風機２を採用しているが、軽油や灯油などを燃料とする温風機を採用することもできる。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the heavy oil-fired warm air machine 2 which used heavy oil as the fuel is employ | adopted, the warm air machine which uses light oil, kerosene, etc. as a fuel is also employable.

以下に実施例及び比較例を示して、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は、下記実施例に限定されるものではない。   The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples and comparative examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following Example.

（実施例１）
栽培ハウスは、図５に示すように、長手方向の長さｄが７８ｍであり、短手方向の長さｗが１６ｍ、天井高h1が６．３５ｍ、軒高h2が２．２ｍであり、ポリエチレンフィルム２層で形成されている。図１の左側に配置される重油焚き温風機２としては、ネポン株式会社製のハウスカオンキHK-4025を使用し、右側に配置される重油焚き温風機２としては、ネポン株式会社製のハウスカオンキHK-2025を使用した。また、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３としては、三菱電機株式会社製の床置型の栽培ハウス向専用空調機PSZN-ERP160GBを採用した。また、ファン装置４は、株式会社ソーワテクニカ製のストレートパワーファンPF-H35CTCを採用した。この栽培ハウス内の温度を測定するために、温度センサＴＨ１−１〜ＴＨ１−１２を計１２箇所に設置し、また、温度センサＴＨ１−１３によって外気温を測定した。なお、栽培ハウスＨ内における各機器の配置は図６の通りとした。温度センサＴＨ１−１〜１−８は床より１．５ｍの高さにおいて温度測定し、また、栽培ハウスの中央に配置された温度センサＴＨ１−９〜１−１２は、床から５００ｍｍピッチで４箇所温度測定した。 Example 1
As shown in FIG. 5, the cultivation house has a length d in the longitudinal direction of 78 m, a length w in the short direction of 16 m, a ceiling height h 1 of 6.35 m, and an eave height h 2 of 2.2 m. Yes, it is formed of two layers of polyethylene film. As the heavy oil fired hot air blower 2 arranged on the left side of FIG. 1, a house kaonki HK-4025 made by Nepon is used, and as the heavy oil fired hot air blower 2 arranged on the right side, a house kaonki HK- made by Nepon Co., Ltd. is used. 2025 was used. Moreover, as the heat pump type air conditioner 3, a floor-mounted type air conditioner PSZN-ERP160GB made by Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd. was adopted. The fan device 4 is a straight power fan PF-H35CTC manufactured by Sowa Technica Co., Ltd. In order to measure the temperature in this cultivation house, temperature sensors TH1-1 to TH1-12 were installed at a total of 12 locations, and the outside air temperature was measured by the temperature sensor TH1-13. In addition, arrangement | positioning of each apparatus in the cultivation house H was as FIG. The temperature sensors TH1-1 to 1-8 measure the temperature at a height of 1.5 m from the floor, and the temperature sensors TH1-9 to 1-12 arranged at the center of the cultivation house are 4 at a pitch of 500 mm from the floor. The spot temperature was measured.

朝６時〜夜８時の時間帯（昼間）では、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３は１５℃以上になると停止し１５℃未満になると稼働するよう設定され、重油焚き温風機２は１２℃以上になると停止し１２℃未満になると稼働されるように設定した。また、夜８時〜朝６時までの時間帯（夜間）では、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３は１２℃以上になると停止し１２℃未満になると稼働するように設定され、重油焚き温風機２は１０℃以上になると停止し１０℃未満になると稼働するように設定した。   In the time zone from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm (daytime), the heat pump type air conditioner 3 is set to stop when it reaches 15 ° C. or higher and to operate when it becomes less than 15 ° C., and the heavy oil fired hot air blower 2 becomes 12 ° C. or higher. It set so that it might operate when it stopped and it became less than 12 ° C. Moreover, in the time zone (nighttime) from 8:00 to 6:00 in the morning, the heat pump type air conditioner 3 is set to stop when the temperature is 12 ° C. or higher and to operate when the temperature is lower than 12 ° C. The temperature was set to stop when the temperature was higher than 10 ° C. and to operate when the temperature was lower than 10 ° C.

以上の条件で、栽培ハウスＨ内の各測定点における時間毎の温度変化をグラフ化したものを図７に示し、また、この空調システムによる消費電力量をグラフ化したものを図８に示す。   FIG. 7 shows a graph of the temperature change for each time at each measurement point in the cultivation house H under the above conditions, and FIG. 8 shows a graph of the power consumption by this air conditioning system.

また、各ヒートポンプ式空調装置のランニングコストを表1に示す。   Table 1 shows the running cost of each heat pump air conditioner.

Figure 2012016315
Figure 2012016315

また、今回の実施例では栽培ハウス内の温度が10℃を下回ることは無かったため、各重油焚き温風機２は稼働しておらず、ランニングコストは０円である。よって、実施例の空調システムのランニングコストは、1185円／日である。   Moreover, since the temperature in the cultivation house did not fall below 10 ° C. in this example, each heavy oil-fired warm air fan 2 is not operating and the running cost is 0 yen. Therefore, the running cost of the air conditioning system of the embodiment is 1185 yen / day.

（比較例１）
比較例１として、実施例１と隣接する同様の栽培ハウスにおいて実施例１と同様の空調システムを用いたが、ヒートポンプ式空調装置３は使用せず、重油焚き温風機２のみを使用した。また、この重油焚き温風機２は、実施例１と同様の条件、すなわち、昼間は１３℃未満のみ稼働させ、夜間は10℃未満のみ稼働させるという条件で行った。この比較例１における空調システムのランニングコストを表２に示す。 (Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, the same air conditioning system as in Example 1 was used in the same cultivation house adjacent to Example 1, but the heat pump type air conditioner 3 was not used, and only the heavy oil-fired hot air machine 2 was used. Moreover, this heavy oil-fired hot air machine 2 was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, that is, only under 13 ° C. during the day and only under 10 ° C. during the night. Table 2 shows the running cost of the air conditioning system in Comparative Example 1.

Figure 2012016315
Figure 2012016315

このように、比較例１の空調システムのランニングコストは２７６５円／日であり、実施例１は比較例１よりも低コストであることが分かった。   Thus, the running cost of the air conditioning system of Comparative Example 1 was 2765 yen / day, and Example 1 was found to be lower in cost than Comparative Example 1.

１ 栽培ハウス用空調システム
２ 重油焚き温風機
３ ヒートポンプ式空調装置
３１ 室内機
３２ 室外機
４ ファン装置
Ｈ 栽培ハウス DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air conditioning system for cultivation house 2 Heavy oil fired warm air machine 3 Heat pump type air conditioner 31 Indoor unit 32 Outdoor unit 4 Fan apparatus H Cultivation house

Claims (7)

栽培ハウス内の空調を行う空調システムであって、
前記栽培ハウス内に設置された油焚き温風機と、
前記栽培ハウス内に設置された室内機及び前記栽培ハウス外に設置された室外機を有するヒートポンプ式空調装置と、を備え、
前記油焚き温風器は、栽培ハウス内の温度が、予め設定された第１の設定温度以上のときに停止し、
前記ヒートポンプ式空調装置は、前記第１の設定温度よりも高い予め設定された第２の設定温度以上のときに停止する、空調システム。 An air conditioning system for air conditioning in a cultivation house,
An oil fired warm air machine installed in the cultivation house;
A heat pump type air conditioner having an indoor unit installed in the cultivation house and an outdoor unit installed outside the cultivation house,
The oil-fired warm air heater stops when the temperature in the cultivation house is equal to or higher than a first preset temperature set in advance,
The heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioning system that stops when the temperature is equal to or higher than a second preset temperature that is higher than the first preset temperature. 前記栽培ハウス内に設置され、前記栽培ハウス内の空気を循環させるファン装置をさらに備えた、請求項１に記載の空調システム。   The air conditioning system according to claim 1, further comprising a fan device that is installed in the cultivation house and circulates air in the cultivation house. 前記ヒートポンプ式空調装置は、複数台設置され、
前記ファン装置は、前記各ヒートポンプ式空調装置の室内機から送風される温風を前記栽培ハウス内に拡散させるよう前記各ヒートポンプ式空調装置の室内機近傍にそれぞれ設置されており、
前記各ファン装置は、対応する前記ヒートポンプ式空調装置の除霜運転時に停止する、請求項２に記載の空調システム。 A plurality of the heat pump type air conditioners are installed,
The fan device is installed in the vicinity of the indoor unit of each heat pump air conditioner so as to diffuse the hot air blown from the indoor unit of each heat pump air conditioner into the cultivation house,
Each said fan apparatus is an air conditioning system of Claim 2 stopped at the time of the defrost driving | operation of the said said heat pump type | formula air conditioner. 前記第１の設定温度及び前記第２の設定温度のうち少なくとも一方は、夜間の設定温度の方が昼間の設定温度よりも低い、請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の空調システム。   The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the first set temperature and the second set temperature has a night set temperature lower than a day set temperature. 前記夜間の設定温度は、前記昼間の設定温度よりも３℃低い、請求項４に記載の空調システム。   The air conditioning system according to claim 4, wherein the nighttime set temperature is 3 ° C. lower than the daytime set temperature. 前記第１の設定温度は、前記第２の設定温度よりも２℃低い、請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の空調システム。   The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first set temperature is 2 ° C lower than the second set temperature. 前記ヒートポンプ式空調装置は複数台設置され、各ヒートポンプ式空調装置が同時に除霜運転を行わないよう制御される、請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の空調システム。   The air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of the heat pump air conditioners are installed, and each heat pump air conditioner is controlled not to perform a defrosting operation at the same time.
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JP2013245886A (en) * 2012-05-28 2013-12-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air conditioning system and fan
JP2014214899A (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-11-17 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 Renewable fuel firing warm air heater and control method thereof
KR101522601B1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-26 대한민국 System and method of heating greenhouse
JP2016195555A (en) * 2015-04-02 2016-11-24 株式会社ニッポー Temperature management system
WO2017134913A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 株式会社デンソー Control device and agricultural greenhouse
CN113968118A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 一汽解放青岛汽车有限公司 Air conditioning device and control method thereof
KR102456638B1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-10-19 주식회사 코리아에너시스 Multi-level controllable cooling and heating apparatus of facility house for farming

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JPS62202950A (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-09-07 Daikin Ind Ltd Indoor fan control device for air conditioner
JP2009240303A (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-10-22 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Heating apparatus for cultivation facilities
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013245886A (en) * 2012-05-28 2013-12-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air conditioning system and fan
JP2014214899A (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-11-17 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 Renewable fuel firing warm air heater and control method thereof
KR101522601B1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-26 대한민국 System and method of heating greenhouse
JP2016195555A (en) * 2015-04-02 2016-11-24 株式会社ニッポー Temperature management system
WO2017134913A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 株式会社デンソー Control device and agricultural greenhouse
JP2017136041A (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 株式会社デンソー Control apparatus and agricultural house
KR102456638B1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-10-19 주식회사 코리아에너시스 Multi-level controllable cooling and heating apparatus of facility house for farming
CN113968118A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-25 一汽解放青岛汽车有限公司 Air conditioning device and control method thereof

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