JP2011510107A - Novel ruthenium dye and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Novel ruthenium dye and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011510107A JP2011510107A JP2010540573A JP2010540573A JP2011510107A JP 2011510107 A JP2011510107 A JP 2011510107A JP 2010540573 A JP2010540573 A JP 2010540573A JP 2010540573 A JP2010540573 A JP 2010540573A JP 2011510107 A JP2011510107 A JP 2011510107A
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- dye
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- thin film
- compound
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000923 (C1-C30) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 0 CC(CC1)CC(C2C=C(C)CC*2*2(*(CCC(*)(C3)N)[C@]3C(C3)*2CCC3O)I)[C@]1N Chemical compound CC(CC1)CC(C2C=C(C)CC*2*2(*(CCC(*)(C3)N)[C@]3C(C3)*2CCC3O)I)[C@]1N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HKNRNTYTYUWGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-d]thiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC2=C1SC1=C2C=CS1 HKNRNTYTYUWGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LAXRNWSASWOFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J (cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2].[Ru+2].CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 LAXRNWSASWOFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol Chemical compound C1CC(C)(C)OC2=C1C(C)=C(O)C=C2C MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXPLCAKVOYHAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 FXPLCAKVOYHAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WADWZNSXIVNIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CON1CCOC1=O WADWZNSXIVNIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RCUIWQWWDLZNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound N#CCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RCUIWQWWDLZNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N medronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CP(O)(O)=O MBKDYNNUVRNNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000434 metal complex dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B45/00—Complex metal compounds of azo dyes
- C09B45/02—Preparation from dyes containing in o-position a hydroxy group and in o'-position hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, amino or keto groups
- C09B45/04—Azo compounds in general
- C09B45/12—Azo compounds in general other metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B45/00—Complex metal compounds of azo dyes
- C09B45/38—Preparation from compounds with —OH and —COOH adjacent in the same ring or in peri position
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本発明は新規なルテニウム(Ru)系染料及びその製造方法に関する。本発明の染料は染料感応太陽電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)用として使用され、従来の染料に比べて顕著に向上した光電変換効率を示し、二酸化チタンとの結合力が増強し、優れたJsc(short circuit photocurrent density)及びモル吸光係数を有するので、太陽電池の効率を大きく向上させることができる。 The present invention relates to a novel ruthenium (Ru) dye and a method for producing the same. The dye of the present invention is used for a dye-sensitized solar cell, exhibits significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with conventional dyes, has an enhanced binding force with titanium dioxide, and has excellent Jsc. (Short circuit photocurrent density) and molar extinction coefficient, the efficiency of the solar cell can be greatly improved.
Description
本発明は染料感応太陽電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)に使用されるルテニウム(Ru)系染料及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a ruthenium (Ru) dye used for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a method for producing the same.
1991年度スイス国立ローザンヌ高等技術院(EPFL)のマイケルグラツェル(Michael Gratzel)研究チームによって染料感応ナノ粒子酸化チタン太陽電池が開発されて以来、この分野では多くの研究が行われている。染料感応太陽電池は既存のシリコン系太陽電池に比べて製造単価が顕著に低いため、既存の非晶質シリコン太陽電池を代替することができる可能性を有している。シリコン太陽電池とは異なり、染料感応太陽電池は可視光線を吸収して電子−ホール対を生成できる染料分子と、生成した電子を伝達する遷移金属酸化物を主構成材料にする光電気化学的太陽電池である。 Since the development of dye-sensitized nanoparticle titanium oxide solar cells by the Michael Gratzel research team at the Swiss National Institute of Advanced Technology (EPFL) in 1991, much research has been conducted in this field. Since the unit price of the dye-sensitized solar cell is significantly lower than that of the existing silicon-based solar cell, the dye-sensitive solar cell has a possibility of replacing the existing amorphous silicon solar cell. Unlike silicon solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells are photoelectrochemical solar cells based on dye molecules that can absorb visible light and generate electron-hole pairs and transition metal oxides that transmit the generated electrons. It is a battery.
従来の染料感応太陽電池に使用される染料として代表的なものとしては下記化合物を挙げることができる。
しかし、まだ前記染料と比較して、酸化物半導体微粒子との結合力、光電変換効率、Jsc(short circuit photocurrent density)、及びモル吸光係数を向上させ太陽電池の効率性及び耐久性を一層向上させることが要請されており、新たな染料に関する研究が必要であるのが実情である。 However, the efficiency and durability of the solar cell can be further improved by improving the binding force with the oxide semiconductor fine particles, photoelectric conversion efficiency, Jsc (short circuit photocurrent density), and molar extinction coefficient as compared with the dye. In fact, there is a need for research on new dyes.
このような従来技術の問題点を解決するために、本発明は従来の染料より顕著に向上した光電変換効率を示し、酸化物半導体微粒子との結合力を強化し、優れたJsc(short circuit photocurrent density)及びモル吸光係数を有することにより、太陽電池の効率を大きく向上させることができる染料及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 In order to solve such problems of the prior art, the present invention shows a photoelectric conversion efficiency significantly improved over conventional dyes, strengthens the bonding force with oxide semiconductor fine particles, and has excellent Jsc (short circuit photocurrent). It is an object of the present invention to provide a dye that can greatly improve the efficiency of a solar cell and a method for producing the same.
また、本発明は顕著に向上した光電変換効率を示し、酸化物半導体微粒子との結合力が強化され、Jsc(short circuit photocurrent density)及びモル吸光係数が優れる、前記染料を含む染料増感光電変換素子、及び効率が顕著に向上した太陽電池を提供することを目的とする。 In addition, the present invention has a significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, enhanced bonding strength with oxide semiconductor fine particles, and excellent Jsc (short circuit photocurrent density) and molar extinction coefficient. An object is to provide a solar cell with significantly improved elements and efficiency.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は下記化学式1
(式中、a1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、X及びYはそれぞれ独立して、メチル基または下記化学式2−1〜2−14で示されるいずれか1つの基であり、XとYの少なくとも1つは化学式2−1〜2−14で示される基のいずれか1つである。)
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following
Wherein the a1 ring is one or more selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1-30 alkoxy group. X and Y are each independently a methyl group or any one group represented by the following chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, and at least one of X and Y Is any one of groups represented by chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14.)
(上記化学式2−1〜2−14中、*部は結合部であり、b1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、Aは、それぞれ独立してSまたはOを表わし、R、R1、R2、及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、C1〜15のアルキル、C1〜15のアルコキシ、C6〜20のアリール、または6〜20のヘテロアリールを表わし、nは1〜10の整数である。)
で示されるルテニウム(Ru)系染料を提供する。
(In the chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, the * part is a bonding part, and the ring b1 is a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1 ring. May be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ˜30 alkoxy groups, A independently represents S or O, and R,
A ruthenium (Ru) dye represented by the formula:
また、本発明は下記化学式3で示される化合物を下記化学式4、5及び6で示される化合物と順次反応させることを特徴とする、化学式1で示されるルテニウム(Ru)系染料の製造方法:
(上記化学式3、4、5及び6中、X、Y及びa1は前記で定義したとおりである。)
を提供する。
The present invention also provides a method for producing a ruthenium (Ru) dye represented by the following
(In the above
I will provide a.
また、本発明は上記化学式1で示される化合物を担持させた酸化物半導体微粒子を含むことを特徴とする染料増感光電変換素子を提供する。
The present invention also provides a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element comprising oxide semiconductor fine particles supporting a compound represented by the above
また、本発明は前記染料増感光電変換素子を含むことを特徴とする染料感応太陽電池を提供する。 The present invention also provides a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element.
本発明の新規なルテニウム系染料は、従来の染料に比べより顕著に向上した光電変換効率を示し、酸化物半導体微粒子との結合力を強化させ、優れたJsc(short circuit photocurrent density)及びモル吸光係数を有するので、太陽電池の効率を大きく向上させることができる。 The novel ruthenium-based dye of the present invention exhibits significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with conventional dyes, enhances the bonding force with oxide semiconductor fine particles, and has excellent short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and molar absorption. Since it has a coefficient, the efficiency of the solar cell can be greatly improved.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明者は化学式1で示される化合物を酸化物半導体微粒子に担持させて染料感応太陽電池を製造する場合、化合物が酸化物半導体微粒子に強く結合するので、太陽電池の耐久性が優れること、また光電変換効率、Jsc及びモル吸光係数が高く、既存の染料感応太陽電池よりも優れた効率を示すことを確認して本発明を完成した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
When the present inventor manufactures a dye-sensitized solar cell by supporting the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 on the oxide semiconductor fine particles, the compound is strongly bonded to the oxide semiconductor fine particles, so that the durability of the solar cell is excellent. The present invention was completed by confirming that the photoelectric conversion efficiency, Jsc, and molar extinction coefficient were high, and the efficiency was superior to that of existing dye-sensitized solar cells.
本発明のルテニウム(Ru)系染料は下記化学式1で示されることを特徴とする。
(式中、a1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、X及びYはそれぞれ独立して、メチル基または下記化学式2−1〜2−14で示されるいずれか1つの基であり、XとYの少なくとも1つは化学式2−1〜2−14で示される基のいずれか1つである。)
The ruthenium (Ru) dye of the present invention is represented by the following
Wherein the a1 ring is one or more selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1-30 alkoxy group. X and Y are each independently a methyl group or any one group represented by the following chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, and at least one of X and Y Is any one of groups represented by chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14.)
(上記化学式2−1〜2−14中、*部は結合部であり、b1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、Aは、それぞれ独立してSまたはOを表わし、R、R1、R2、及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、C1〜15のアルキル、C1〜15のアルコキシ、C6〜20のアリール、または6〜20のヘテロアリールを表わし、nは1〜10の整数である。)
(In the chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, the * part is a bonding part, and the ring b1 is a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1 ring. May be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ˜30 alkoxy groups, A independently represents S or O, and R,
さらに好ましくは、前記化学式1で示される化合物が下記化学式1−1〜1−38で示される1つであることが良い。 More preferably, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be one represented by the following Chemical Formulas 1-1 to 1-38.
(上記式中、A及びRは前記で定義したとおりである。)
(In the above formula, A and R are as defined above.)
また、本発明は前記化学式1で示される染料の製造方法を提供し、前記化学式1で示される染料の製造方法は下記化学式3で示される化合物を下記化学式4、5及び6で示される化合物と順次反応させることを特徴とする。
In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing the dye represented by the
(上記化学式3、4、5及び6中、X、Y及びa1は前記で定義したとおりである。)。
(In the above
好ましくは、本発明の染料は下記反応式1〜6で示されるプロセスによって製造される。 Preferably, the dye of the present invention is produced by the processes shown in the following reaction formulas 1-6.
(上記反応式4中、複数のRは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、C1〜15のアルキル、C1〜15のアルコキシ、C6〜20のアリールまたはC6〜20のヘテロアリールを表わす。)
(In the
上記反応式において、化学式1の染料の製造に出発物質として使用される化合物は、通常の方法で製造するか、市販品を購入することができる。特にジチエノチオフェン、トリチエノチオフェン及びテトラチエノチオフェンは下記製造式1〜3のように製造することができ、ジチエノチオフェンの製法は反応時間も比較的に短く、カラム精製することなく再結晶することができる等合成方法が非常に簡単であるという長所を有する([Chem.Mater.2007、19、4007−4015]及び[J.Mater.Chem.1999、9、1719−1725]参照)。
In the above reaction formula, the compound used as a starting material for the production of the dye of Chemical Formula 1 can be produced by a usual method, or a commercially available product can be purchased. In particular, dithienothiophene, trithienothiophene and tetrathienothiophene can be produced according to the following
また、本発明は染料増感光電変換素子を提供し、前記染料増感光電変換素子は酸化物半導体微粒子に前記化学式1で示される染料を担持させることを特徴とする。本発明による染料増感光電変換素子は前記化学式1で示される染料を使用すること以外に、従来の染料を用いて太陽電池用染料増感光電変換素子を製造する方法を適用することができるのはもちろんであり、好ましくは、本発明の染料増感光電変換素子は酸化物半導体微粒子を用いて基板上に酸化物半導体の薄膜を形成し、次に前記薄膜に本発明の染料を担持させて製造する。
In addition, the present invention provides a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, wherein the dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element has oxide semiconductor fine particles supported by the dye represented by the
本発明において酸化物半導体の薄膜を形成する基板としては、その表面が導電性であるものが好ましく、市販されているものを使用することもできる。具体的な一例として、ガラスの表面またはポリエチレンテレフタレートあるいはポリエーテルスルホン等の透明性を有する高分子材料の表面にインジウム、フッ素、アンチモンをドープした酸化錫等の導電性金属酸化物や、鋼、銀、金等の金属薄膜を形成したものを用いることができる。この時、導電性は1000Ω以下が好ましく、特に100Ω以下であるのが好ましい。 In the present invention, the substrate on which the oxide semiconductor thin film is formed preferably has a conductive surface, and a commercially available substrate can also be used. Specific examples include conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide doped with indium, fluorine, and antimony on the surface of glass or the surface of a transparent polymer material such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethersulfone, steel, silver A metal thin film formed of gold or the like can be used. At this time, the conductivity is preferably 1000Ω or less, particularly preferably 100Ω or less.
また、酸化物半導体の微粒子としては金属酸化物が好ましい。具体的な例としてはチタン、錫、亜鉛、タングステン、ジルコニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、イットリウム、ニオブ、タンタル、バナジウム等の酸化物を使用することができる。これらのうち、チタン、錫、亜鉛、ニオブ、インジウム等の酸化物が好ましく、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫がさらに好ましく、酸化チタンが最も好ましい。前記酸化物半導体は単独で使用することもできるが、混合したり半導体の表面にコーティングして使用することもできる。 The oxide semiconductor fine particles are preferably metal oxides. As specific examples, oxides such as titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, indium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, and vanadium can be used. Among these, oxides such as titanium, tin, zinc, niobium, and indium are preferable, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and tin oxide are more preferable, and titanium oxide is most preferable. The oxide semiconductors can be used alone, but can also be mixed or coated on the surface of the semiconductor.
また、前記酸化物半導体微粒子の粒径は平均粒径として1〜500nmであることが好ましく、1〜100nmがさらに好ましい。また、この酸化物半導体の微粒子は大きな粒径のものと小さな粒径のものとを混合したり、多層にして用いることもできる。 The average particle diameter of the oxide semiconductor fine particles is preferably 1 to 500 nm, and more preferably 1 to 100 nm. The oxide semiconductor fine particles can be mixed with a large particle size and a small particle size, or can be used in multiple layers.
前記酸化物半導体薄膜は酸化物半導体微粒子を直接基板上にスプレーする方法、基板を電極にして電気的に半導体微粒子薄膜を析出させる方法、半導体微粒子のスラリーまたは半導体アルコキシド等の半導体微粒子の前駆体を加水分解することによって得られる微粒子を含有するペーストを基板上に塗布した後、乾燥、硬化あるいは焼成する方法等によって製造することができ、ペーストを基板上に塗布する方法が好ましい。この方法の場合、スラリーは二次凝集している酸化物半導体微粒子を通常の方法で分散媒中に平均一次粒径が1〜200nmになるように分散させることによって得ることができる。 The oxide semiconductor thin film includes a method in which oxide semiconductor fine particles are directly sprayed on a substrate, a method in which a semiconductor fine particle thin film is electrically deposited using a substrate as an electrode, a semiconductor fine particle slurry or a semiconductor fine particle precursor such as a semiconductor alkoxide. The paste containing fine particles obtained by hydrolysis can be applied on a substrate and then dried, cured, or baked. A method of applying the paste on the substrate is preferable. In the case of this method, the slurry can be obtained by dispersing the secondary agglomerated oxide semiconductor fine particles in a dispersion medium by an ordinary method so that the average primary particle size is 1 to 200 nm.
スラリーを分散させる分散媒としては半導体微粒子を分散できるものであれば特に制限はなく、水、エタノール等のアルコール、アセトン、アセチルアセトン等のケトンまたはヘキサン等の炭化水素を用いることができ、これらは混合して使用することができる。このうち水を用いることがスラリーの粘度変化を減少させるという点で好ましい。また、酸化物半導体微粒子の分散状態を安定化させるために分散安定剤を使用することができる。使用できる分散安定剤の具体的例としては、例えば、酢酸、塩酸、硝酸等の酸、またはアセチルアセトン、アクリル酸、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール等が挙げられる。 The dispersion medium for dispersing the slurry is not particularly limited as long as the semiconductor fine particles can be dispersed, and water, alcohol such as ethanol, ketone such as acetone and acetylacetone, or hydrocarbon such as hexane can be used. Can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use water in terms of reducing the change in viscosity of the slurry. In addition, a dispersion stabilizer can be used to stabilize the dispersion state of the oxide semiconductor fine particles. Specific examples of the dispersion stabilizer that can be used include acids such as acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, or acetylacetone, acrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like.
スラリーを塗布した基板は焼成することができ、その焼成温度は100℃以上、好ましくは200℃以上である。焼成温度の上限は基材の融点(軟化点)、すなわち900℃であり、好ましくは600℃以下である。本発明において焼成時間は特に限定されないが、4時間以内が好ましい。 The substrate coated with the slurry can be fired, and the firing temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 200 ° C. or higher. The upper limit of the firing temperature is the melting point (softening point) of the substrate, that is, 900 ° C., preferably 600 ° C. or less. In the present invention, the firing time is not particularly limited, but is preferably within 4 hours.
本願発明において基板上の薄膜の厚さは1〜200μmであり、好ましくは1〜50μmである。焼成を実施する場合には酸化物半導体微粒子の薄層が一部溶着するが、そのような溶着は本発明に特に影響しない。 In the present invention, the thickness of the thin film on the substrate is 1 to 200 μm, preferably 1 to 50 μm. When firing, a thin layer of oxide semiconductor fine particles is partly welded, but such welding does not particularly affect the present invention.
また、前記酸化物半導体薄膜に二次処理を施すこともできる。一例として、半導体と同一金属のアルコキシド、塩化物、窒素化物、硫化物等の溶液に薄膜を浸漬させ、その後乾燥あるいは再焼成することによって半導体薄膜の性能を向上させることもできる。金属アルコキシドとしてはチタンエトキシド、チタンイソプロエポキシド、チタンt−ブトキシド、n−ジブチル−ジアセチル錫等、またはそれらのアルコール溶液が挙げられる。塩化物としては例えば、四塩化チタン、四塩化錫、塩化亜鉛等、またはそれらの水溶液が挙げられ、得られた酸化物半導体薄膜は酸化物半導体の微粒子からなる。 The oxide semiconductor thin film can also be subjected to secondary treatment. As an example, the performance of the semiconductor thin film can be improved by immersing the thin film in a solution of an alkoxide, chloride, nitride, sulfide or the like of the same metal as the semiconductor and then drying or refiring. Examples of the metal alkoxide include titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropepoxide, titanium t-butoxide, n-dibutyl-diacetyltin, and alcohol solutions thereof. Examples of the chloride include titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, zinc chloride, and the like, or an aqueous solution thereof. The obtained oxide semiconductor thin film is composed of oxide semiconductor fine particles.
また、本発明において薄膜状に形成された酸化物半導体微粒子に染料を担持させる方法は特に限定されず、具体的な例として、前記化学式1で示される染料を溶解可能な溶媒で溶解して得られた溶液、または染料を分散させて得られた分散液に前記酸化物半導体薄膜を設けた基板を浸漬させる方法が挙げられる。溶液または分散液の濃度は染料に依って適宜決定することができる。浸漬温度は常温から溶媒の沸点までであり、また浸漬時間は1分から48時間程度である。染料を溶解させる溶媒の具体的な例としては、メタノール、エタノール、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトン、t−ブタノール等が挙げられる。溶液の染料濃度は普通1×10−6M〜1Mであり、好ましくは1×10−5M〜1×10−1Mである。このようにして薄膜状の酸化物半導体微粒子を有する本発明の染料増感型光電変換素子を得ることができる。
In the present invention, the method for supporting the dye on the oxide semiconductor fine particles formed in a thin film shape is not particularly limited. As a specific example, the dye represented by the
本発明の化学式1で示される染料は、単独で、または数種類を混合して用いることができる。数種類を混合する場合には、本発明の染料のみを使用することも、本発明の染料と共に他の染料または金属錯体染料を混合することもできる。混合できる金属錯体染料としては特に制限はないが、M.K.Nazeeruddin、A.Kay、I.Rodicio、R.Humphry-Baker、E.Muller、P.Liska、N.Vlachopoulos、M.Gratzel、J.Am.Chem.Soc.、第115冊、6382頁(1993年)に示されているルテニウム錯体またはその四級塩、フタロシアニン、ポルフィリン等が好ましい。混合できる有機染料としては無金属のフタロシアニン、ポルフィリン、またはシアニン、メロシアニン、オキソノール、トリフェニルメタン系、WO2002/011213号に記載のアクリル酸系染料等のメチン系染料、またはキサンテン系、アゾ系、アントラキノン系、ペリレン系等の染料が挙げられる。2種以上の染料を混合して用いる場合には、染料を半導体薄膜層に順次吸着させることもでき、混合溶解してから吸着させることもできる。
The dye represented by
また、本発明において酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜に染料を担持する時、染料同士の結合を防止するために包接化合物の存在下で染料を担持することが好ましい。前記包接化合物としてはデオキシコール酸、デヒドロデオキシコール酸、ケノデオキシコール酸、コール酸メチルエステル、コール酸ナトリウム等のコール酸類、ポリエチレンオキシド、コール酸等のステロイド系化合物、クラウンエーテル、シクロデキストリン、カリックスアレーン、ポリエチレンオキシド等が挙げられる。 In the present invention, when a dye is supported on the thin film of oxide semiconductor fine particles, it is preferable to support the dye in the presence of an inclusion compound in order to prevent the bonds between the dyes. Examples of the inclusion compound include deoxycholic acid, dehydrodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid methyl ester, cholic acids such as sodium cholate, steroidal compounds such as polyethylene oxide and cholic acid, crown ether, cyclodextrin, calixarene And polyethylene oxide.
また、染料を担持させた後、4−t−ブチルピリジン等のアミン化合物、または酢酸、プロピオン酸等の酸性基を有する化合物等で半導体電極表面を処理することができる。処理方法は例えば、アミンのエタノール溶液に染料を担持した半導体微粒子薄膜が設けられた基板を浸漬する方法等が用いられる。 In addition, after the dye is supported, the surface of the semiconductor electrode can be treated with an amine compound such as 4-t-butylpyridine or a compound having an acidic group such as acetic acid or propionic acid. As a treatment method, for example, a method of immersing a substrate provided with a semiconductor fine particle thin film carrying a dye in an amine ethanol solution is used.
また、本発明は前記染料感応光電変換素子を含むことを特徴とする染料感応太陽電池を提供する。前記化学式1で示される染料を担持させた酸化物半導体微粒子を用いた染料増感光電変換素子を使用すること以外に、従来の光電変換素子を使用して太陽電池を製造する通常の方法が適用されるのはもちろんである。具体的な例として前記酸化物半導体微粒子に化学式1で示される染料を担持させた光電変換素子電極(陰極)、対電極(陽極)、レドックス電解質、正孔輸送材料またはp型半導体等で構成される。
The present invention also provides a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the dye-sensitive photoelectric conversion element. In addition to using the dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element using the oxide semiconductor fine particles carrying the dye represented by the
本発明の染料感応太陽電池の具体的な製造方法の一例としては、導電性透明基板上に酸化チタンペーストをコーティングする工程、ペーストをコーティングした基板を焼成して酸化チタン薄膜を形成する工程、酸化チタン薄膜を形成した基板を化学式1で示される染料が溶解した溶液に含浸させて染料が吸着した酸化チタンフィルム電極を形成する工程、その上部に対電極を設けた第2ガラス基板を備える工程、第2ガラス基板及び対電極を貫通するホール(hole)を形成する工程、前記対電極及び前記染料が吸着した酸化チタンフィルム電極の間に熱可塑性高分子フィルムを配置し、加熱及び加圧することにより前記対電極及び酸化チタンフィルム電極を接合する工程、前記ホールを通して対電極と酸化チタンフィルム電極の間の熱可塑性高分子フィルムに電解質を注入する工程、及び前記熱可塑性高分子を密封する工程によって製造されることが好ましい。
Examples of a specific method for producing the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention include a step of coating a conductive transparent substrate with a titanium oxide paste, a step of baking the paste-coated substrate to form a titanium oxide thin film, an oxidation A step of impregnating a substrate in which a titanium thin film is formed with a solution in which a dye represented by
レドックス電解質、正孔輸送材料、p型半導体等は液体、凝固体(ゲル及びゲル状)、固体等のいずれでもよい。液状のものとしてはレドックス電解質、溶解塩、正孔輸送材料、p型半導体等をそれぞれ溶媒に溶解させたもの、または常温溶解塩等が挙げられる。凝固体(ゲル及びゲル状)の場合には、レドックス電解質、溶解塩、正孔輸送材料、p型半導体等をポリマーマトリックスまたは低分子ゲル化剤等に含有させたもの等が挙げられる。固体のものとしては、レドックス電解質、溶解塩、正孔輸送材料、p型半導体等を使用することができる。 The redox electrolyte, hole transport material, p-type semiconductor, and the like may be any of liquid, solidified body (gel and gel), solid, and the like. Examples of liquid materials include redox electrolytes, dissolved salts, hole transport materials, p-type semiconductors, etc., dissolved in solvents, or normal temperature dissolved salts. In the case of a solidified body (gel and gel), a redox electrolyte, a dissolved salt, a hole transport material, a p-type semiconductor and the like are contained in a polymer matrix or a low molecular gelling agent. As a solid material, a redox electrolyte, a dissolved salt, a hole transport material, a p-type semiconductor, or the like can be used.
正孔輸送材料としては、アミン誘導体またはポリアセチレン、ポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン等の導電性高分子、トリフェニレン系化合物等のディスコティック液晶相を用いる材料等を使用することができる。また、p型半導体としてはCuI、CuSCN等を使用することができる。対電極としては、導電性を有し、レドックス電解質の還元反応の触媒として作用するものが好ましい。例えば、ガラスまたは高分子フィルムに白金、カーボン、ロジウム、ルテニウム等を蒸着したものや、導電性微粒子を塗布したものを使用することができる。 As the hole transport material, an amine derivative or a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, or polythiophene, or a material using a discotic liquid crystal phase such as a triphenylene compound can be used. Moreover, CuI, CuSCN, etc. can be used as a p-type semiconductor. The counter electrode is preferably one having conductivity and acting as a catalyst for the reduction reaction of the redox electrolyte. For example, a glass or polymer film deposited with platinum, carbon, rhodium, ruthenium or the like, or a film coated with conductive fine particles can be used.
本発明の太陽電池に利用するレドックス電解質としては、ハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物及びハロゲン分子で構成されるハロゲン酸化還元系電解質、フェロシアン酸塩−フェロシアン酸塩、フェロセン−フェリシニウムイオン、またはコバルト錯体等の金属錯体等の金属酸化還元系電解質、アルキルチオール−アルキルジスルフィド、ビオロゲン染料、ハイドロキノン−キノン等の有機酸化還元系電解質等を用いることができ、ハロゲン酸化還元系電解質が好ましい。ハロゲン酸化還元系電解質におけるハロゲン分子としては、ヨード分子が好ましい。また、ハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物としては、LiI、NaI、KI、CaI2、MgI2、CuI等のハロゲン化金属塩、またはテトラアルキルアンモニウムヨード(tetraalkylammonium iodide)、イミダゾリウムヨード(imidazolium iodide)、ピリジウムヨード(pyridium iodide)等のハロゲンの有機アンモニウム塩、またはI2を使用することができる。 As the redox electrolyte used in the solar cell of the present invention, a halogen redox electrolyte composed of a halogen compound and a halogen molecule having a halogen ion as a counter ion, ferrocyanate-ferrocyanate, ferrocene-ferricinium ion Or a metal redox electrolyte such as a metal complex such as a cobalt complex, an organic redox electrolyte such as alkylthiol-alkyldisulfide, viologen dye, hydroquinone-quinone, or the like, and a halogen redox electrolyte is preferable. The halogen molecule in the halogen redox electrolyte is preferably an iodo molecule. In addition, as a halogen compound having a halogen ion as a counter ion, metal halide salts such as LiI, NaI, KI, CaI2, MgI2, and CuI, tetraalkylammonium iodide, imidazolium iodide, Organic ammonium salts of halogens such as pyridium iodide, or I2 can be used.
また、レドックス電解質は前記材料を含む溶液として用いることができる。この場合、溶媒としては電気化学的に不活性であるものを使用することができる。具体的な例としては、アセトニトリル、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、3−メトキシプロピオニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブチロラクトン、ジメトキシエタン、ジメチルカーボネート、1,3−ジオキソラン、メチルフォルメート、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、3−メトキシ−オキサゾリジン−2−オン、スルホラン、テトラヒドロフラン、水等が挙げられ、特にアセトニトリル、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、3−メトキシプロピオニトリル、エチレングリコール、3−メトキシ−オキサゾリジン−2−オン、ブチロラクトン等が好ましい。前記溶媒は単独でまたは混合して使用することができる。ゲル状ポジティブ電解質(positive electrolyte)の場合には、オリゴマー及びポリマー等のマトリックスに電解質または電解質溶液を含有させたもの、またはデンプンゲル化剤等に電解質または電解質溶液を含有させたものを使用することができる。レドックス電解質の濃度は0.01〜99質量%でが好ましく、0.1〜30質量%がさらに好ましい。 The redox electrolyte can be used as a solution containing the material. In this case, an electrochemically inert solvent can be used as the solvent. Specific examples include acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 3-methoxypropionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane. , Methyl formate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxy-oxazolidin-2-one, sulfolane, tetrahydrofuran, water, etc., especially acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 3-methoxypropionitrile, ethylene glycol, 3 -Methoxy-oxazolidin-2-one, butyrolactone and the like are preferable. The said solvent can be used individually or in mixture. In the case of a gel-like positive electrolyte, use an oligomer or polymer matrix containing an electrolyte or electrolyte solution, or a starch gelling agent etc. containing an electrolyte or electrolyte solution. Can do. The concentration of the redox electrolyte is preferably 0.01 to 99% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass.
本発明の太陽電池は、基板上の酸化物半導体微粒子に染料を担持した光電変換素子(陰極)にそれと対立するように対電極(陽極)を配置し、その間にレドックス電解質を含有する溶液を充填することによって得られる。 In the solar cell of the present invention, a counter electrode (anode) is arranged so as to oppose a photoelectric conversion element (cathode) carrying a dye on oxide semiconductor fine particles on a substrate, and a solution containing a redox electrolyte is filled therebetween. It is obtained by doing.
以下、本発明の理解のために好ましい実施例を提示するが、下記の実施例は本発明を例示するものに過ぎず、本発明の範囲は下記の実施例に限定されない。 Hereinafter, preferred examples will be presented for the understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
実施例1:染料の合成
前記反応式1のような反応を経て、本発明のルテニウム系染料であるDCSC1(化学式1−1)及びDCSC2(化学式1−2)を合成した。すべての反応はアルゴンガス雰囲気下で行われ、使用されたすべての溶媒はナトリウムで蒸留した。すべての出発物質として、アルドリッチ社とストレム社の試薬を精製せずに使用した。
Example 1 Synthesis of Dye Through the reaction shown in
(1)化合物(1)の製造
シアノ酢酸ベンジルエステル(cyanoacetic acid benzyl ester)(8.4g、47.95mmol)、酢酸アンモニウム(ammonium acetate)(0.709g、9.2mmol)をシクロヘキサン25mLに溶かし、酢酸(2.5g、41.75mmol)を徐々に滴加し、15分間撹拌した後、5−メチル−チオフェン−2−カルバルデヒド(5-Methyl-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde)(6.05g、47.95mmol)を加え、窒素ガス雰囲気下、110℃で5時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、常温下で再び酢酸アンモニウム(0.709g、9.2mmol)を加え、110℃で12時間撹拌した。この後、エチレンアセテート200mL及び水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、エチレンアセテートを用い再結晶で分離した。
(1) Production of Compound (1) Cyanoacetic acid benzyl ester (8.4 g, 47.95 mmol), ammonium acetate (0.709 g, 9.2 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of cyclohexane, Acetic acid (2.5 g, 41.75 mmol) was slowly added dropwise and stirred for 15 minutes before 5-Methyl-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (6.05 g, 47 .95 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C. for 5 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After completion of the stirring, ammonium acetate (0.709 g, 9.2 mmol) was added again at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the organic layer was extracted using 200 mL of ethylene acetate and water, and then separated by recrystallization using ethylene acetate.
(2)化合物(2)の製造
前記化合物(1)の製造において、シアノ酢酸ベンジルエステルの代わりに同一モル数のシアノ酢酸オクチルエステル(cyanoacetic acid octyl ester)を使用したことを除いては化合物1と同様の方法で製造した。
(2) Production of Compound (2) In the production of Compound (1),
(3)化合物(3)の製造
化合物(1)(5g、17.6mmol)、NBS(3.5g、19.41mmol)をCCl4 150mLに溶解した後、AIBN(0.145g、0.088mmol)を加え、窒素ガス雰囲気下で80℃で12時間撹拌した。この後、ろ紙を用いてろ過し溶媒を乾燥させた後、分液ロートを用いて塩化メチレンと水で有機物を抽出した後、カラム精製した。(eluent.EA:Hx=1:10)分離された化合物(2.4g、6.61mmol)にP(OEt)3 5mLを入れ、窒素ガス雰囲気下、80℃で12時間撹拌した。撹拌が終わった後、ヘキサン250mLで出発物質を除去しカラム精製した。(eluent.MC:Aectone=1:1)
(3) Production of Compound (3) Compound (1) (5 g, 17.6 mmol) and NBS (3.5 g, 19.41 mmol) were dissolved in 150 mL of CCl4, and then AIBN (0.145 g, 0.088 mmol) was added. In addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 12 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Then, after filtering using a filter paper and drying the solvent, an organic substance was extracted with methylene chloride and water using a separatory funnel, followed by column purification. (Eluent.EA: Hx = 1: 10) 5 mL of P (OEt) 3 was added to the separated compound (2.4 g, 6.61 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 12 hours in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After stirring, the starting material was removed with 250 mL of hexane and the column was purified. (Eluent. MC: Aectone = 1: 1)
(4)化合物(4)の製造
化合物(1)の代わりに化合物(2)を使用したことを除いては化合物(3)と同様の方法で化合物(4)を製造した。
(4) Production of Compound (4) Compound (4) was produced in the same manner as Compound (3) except that Compound (2) was used instead of Compound (1).
(5)化合物(6)の製造
化合物(5)(0.13g、0.7mmol)とKtOBu(0.2g、1.8mmol)にTHF20mLを加え、、化合物(3)(0.75g、1.8mmol)をTHF20mLに溶かして徐々に滴加した後、70℃で12時間撹拌した。反応後溶媒を除去し、有機層をMC(メチルクロロホルム)で抽出した後、再結晶で分離した。
(5) Production of Compound (6) 20 mL of THF was added to Compound (5) (0.13 g, 0.7 mmol) and KtOBu (0.2 g, 1.8 mmol) to obtain Compound (3) (0.75 g, 1. 8 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and gradually added dropwise, followed by stirring at 70 ° C. for 12 hours. After the reaction, the solvent was removed, and the organic layer was extracted with MC (methyl chloroform) and then separated by recrystallization.
(6)化合物(7)の製造
化合物(3)の代わりに化合物(4)を使用したことを除いては化合物(6)と同様の方法で化合物(7)を製造した。
(6) Production of Compound (7) Compound (7) was produced in the same manner as for Compound (6) except that Compound (4) was used instead of Compound (3).
(7)染料DCSC1及びDCSC2の合成
前記製造された化合物(6)及び(7)を用いて公知文献(Chem.Mater.2006,18,5604−5608)の合成方法によって反応式1のようにDCSC1(化学式1−1)及びDCSC2(化学式1−2)を合成した。
(7) Synthesis of Dyes DCSC1 and DCSC2 DCSC1 as shown in
実施例2:染料DCSC3(化学式1−3)及びDCSC4(化学式1−4)の合成
化合物(11)、及び(12)または(13)(DCSC3の場合には化合物13を使用、DCSC4の場合には化合物12を使用)を用いて公知文献(Chem.Mater.2006,18,5604−5608)の合成方法によって反応式2−1のようにDCSC3及びDCSC4を合成した。
Example 2: Synthesis of dyes DCSC3 (Chemical Formula 1-3) and DCSC4 (Chemical Formula 1-4) Compound (11) and (12) or (13) (Compound 13 is used in the case of DCSC3, and in the case of DCSC4. Was synthesized using the compound 12), and DCSC3 and DCSC4 were synthesized as shown in Reaction Scheme 2-1, according to the synthesis method of a known document (Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 5604-5608).
実施例3:染料DCSC9(化学式1−7)の合成
前記反応式3の方法によりDCSC9を合成した。
(1)化合物(16)の製造
化合物(4)(0.3g、1.44mmol)とシアノ酢酸(CNCH2COOH、0.27g、3.2mmol)をアセトニトリル(CH3CN)25mLに溶解し、ピペリジン(0.05mL、0.5mmol)を滴加した後、5時間還流させた。反応終了後、アセトニトリルをそれぞれ10mLずつ用いて3回洗浄して分離した。
Example 3 Synthesis of Dye DCSC9 (Chemical Formula 1-7) DCSC9 was synthesized by the method of
(1) Production of Compound (16) Compound (4) (0.3 g, 1.44 mmol) and cyanoacetic acid (
(2)染料DCSC9の製造
前記化合物(16)を用いて公知文献(Chem.Mater.2006,18,5604−5608)の合成方法によって染料DCSC9を合成した。
(2) Production of Dye DCSC9 Dye DCSC9 was synthesized using the compound (16) by the synthesis method of known literature (Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 5604-5608).
実施例4:化学式1−14(1)の染料化合物の合成
下記反応式4−1を用いて化学式1−14(1)の染料を製造した。
(1)5−(ジエチルアミノ)チオフェン−2−カルバルデヒドの製造
5−ブロモチオフェン−2−カルバルデヒド(1ml、8.41mmol)、ジエチルアミン(2.6ml、25.2mmol)及びp−トルエンスルホン酸(TsOH、0.048g、0.25mmol)を反応容器に入れて、窒素ガス雰囲気下で24時間加熱しながら撹拌した。
撹拌が終わった後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮しカラム精製した。(eluent.E.A:Hx=1:2)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.89(m、6H)、3.24(m、4H)、6.7(d、3JHH=2.4Hz、1H)、7.11(d、3JHH=2.4Hz、1H)、9.62.(s、1H)。
(1) Preparation of 5- (diethylamino) thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 5-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde (1 ml, 8.41 mmol), diethylamine (2.6 ml, 25.2 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid ( TsOH, 0.048 g, 0.25 mmol) was put in a reaction vessel and stirred for 24 hours while heating in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
After the stirring was completed, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to purify the column. (Eluent.EA: Hx = 1: 2) 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.89 (m, 6H), 3.24 (m, 4H), 6.7 (d, 3JHH = 2 .4Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, 3JHH = 2.4Hz, 1H), 9.62. (S, 1H).
(2)5,5'−(1E,1'E)−3,3'−(2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジイル)ビス(プロプ−1−エン−3,1−ジイル)ビス(N,N−ジエチルチオフェン−2−アミン)の製造
5−(ジエチルアミノ)チオフェン−2−カルバルデヒド(0.44g、2.38mmol)、テトラエチル2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジイルビス(メチレン)ジホスホン酸(0.49g、1.13mmol)、NaH(0.1g、2.48mmol)をTHF30mlに溶解した後、窒素ガス雰囲気下で4時間還流しながら撹拌した。
(2) 5,5 ′-(1E, 1′E) -3,3 ′-(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-diyl) bis (prop-1-ene-3,1-diyl) Preparation of bis (N, N-diethylthiophen-2-amine) 5- (Diethylamino) thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (0.44 g, 2.38 mmol),
撹拌が終わった後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮しカラム精製した。(eluent.E.A)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.89(m、12H)、3.24(m、8H)、6.26(d、3JHH=15.4Hz、2H)、)、6.41(d、3JHH=15.4Hz、2H)、6.7(d、3JHH=2.4Hz、2H)、7.01(d、3JHH=2.4Hz、2H)、7.31(d、3JHH=5.4Hz、2H)、8.01(s、2H)、8.31(d、3JHH=5.4Hz、2H)。 After the stirring was completed, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to purify the column. (Eluent.EA) 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.89 (m, 12H), 3.24 (m, 8H), 6.26 (d, 3JHH = 15.4 Hz, 2H), ), 6.41 (d, 3JHH = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 6.7 (d, 3JHH = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, 3JHH = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (D, 3JHH = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (s, 2H), 8.31 (d, 3JHH = 5.4 Hz, 2H).
(3)化学式1−14(1)の化合物の製造
公知文献(Chem.Mater.2006,18,5604−5608)の合成方法により化学式1−14(1)の化合物を合成した。5,5'−(1E,1'E)−3,3'−(2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジイル)ビス(プロプ−1−エン−3,1−ジイル)ビス(N,N−ジエチルチオフェン−2−アミン)(0.26g、0.5mmol)、[Ru(p−Cymene)Cl2]2(0.15g、0.25mmol)、2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジカルボン酸(0.12g、0.5mmol)、NH4NCS(0.19g、2.5mmol)。
(3) Production of Compound of Chemical Formula 1-14 (1) The compound of Chemical Formula 1-14 (1) was synthesized by a synthesis method of a known document (Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 5604-5608). 5,5 ′-(1E, 1′E) -3,3 ′-(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-diyl) bis (prop-1-ene-3,1-diyl) bis (N , N-diethylthiophen-2-amine) (0.26 g, 0.5 mmol), [Ru (p-Cymene) Cl 2] 2 (0.15 g, 0.25 mmol), 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4 '-Dicarboxylic acid (0.12 g, 0.5 mmol), NH4NCS (0.19 g, 2.5 mmol).
実施例5:化学式1−14(2)の染料化合物の合成
反応式4を用いた以外は、前記実施例4と同様の方法により化学式1−14(2)の染料化合物を製造した(反応式4においてRはヘキシル)。
Example 5: Synthesis of dye compound of formula 1-14 (2) A dye compound of formula 1-14 (2) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that
実施例6:化学式1−15の染料化合物の合成
前記製造式1によって製造されたジチエノチオフェンを用いて前記反応式5により化合物1−15の染料を製造した。
Example 6 Synthesis of Dye Compound of Formula 1-15 A dye of Compound 1-15 was prepared according to Reaction Scheme 5 using dithienothiophene prepared according to
(1)合成された2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン(10g、35.65mmol)をTHF(50ml)に溶解し、n−BuLi 2M(21ml)を−78℃で徐々に滴加した。その後1時間低温で撹拌後、塩化トリメチルスズ1M(38ml)を−78℃で徐々に滴加した。その後1時間低温で撹拌後、さらに0℃で30分撹拌した。撹拌終了後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮し乾燥した。1H NMR(CDCl3:[ppm]=0.4(s、9H)、0.88(m、3H)、1.29(m、4H)、1.96(m、4H)、2.55(m、2H)、6.62(s、1H)、6.98(s、1H)。 (1) Synthesized 2-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene (10 g, 35.65 mmol) was dissolved in THF (50 ml), and n-BuLi 2M (21 ml) was gradually added dropwise at −78 ° C. . Thereafter, after stirring at a low temperature for 1 hour, trimethyltin chloride 1M (38 ml) was gradually added dropwise at -78 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at a low temperature for 1 hour and further stirred at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes. After completion of the stirring, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to dryness. 1H NMR (CDCl3: [ppm] = 0.4 (s, 9H), 0.88 (m, 3H), 1.29 (m, 4H), 1.96 (m, 4H), 2.55 (m 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H).
(2)2−トリメチル(4−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン−2−イル)スタンナン(0.6g、1.34mmol)、4,4'−ジブロモ−2,2'−ビピリジン(0.35g、1.12mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.065g、0.056mmol)をTHF(40ml)に溶解し、窒素雰囲気下で8時間還流した。その後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮した後カラム精製した。(eluent.EA:Hx=1:2)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.88(m、6H)、1.29(m、8H)、1.96(m、8H)、2.55(m、4H)、6.70(s、2H)、6.98(s、2H)、7.34(d、3JHH=8.8Hz、2H)、8.18(s、2H)、8.42(d、3JHH=8.8Hz、2H) (2) 2-trimethyl (4-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophen-2-yl) stannane (0.6 g, 1.34 mmol), 4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine (0. 35 g, 1.12 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (0.065 g, 0.056 mmol) were dissolved in THF (40 ml) and refluxed for 8 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, after extracting an organic layer using methylene chloride and water, the solvent was distilled off and the column was purified. (Eluent.EA: Hx = 1: 2) 1 H NMR (CDCl 3): [ppm] = 0.88 (m, 6H), 1.29 (m, 8H), 1.96 (m, 8H), 2. 55 (m, 4H), 6.70 (s, 2H), 6.98 (s, 2H), 7.34 (d, 3JHH = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 8.18 (s, 2H), 8 .42 (d, 3JHH = 8.8Hz, 2H)
(3)合成された化合物(1)(0.8g、1.12mmol)、[RuCl2(p−Cymene)]2(0.34g、0.56mmol)をDMF(15ml)に溶解し、遮光して80℃で4時間還流した。その後、2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジカルボン酸(0.27g、1.12mmol)を添加し、再び160℃で4時間還流した。さらにNH4NCS(0.85g、11.2mmol)を添加した後、130℃で4時間還流させた。反応終了後、真空蒸留して乾燥し、水とエーテルで水洗した後、ろ過して沈殿物を収去した。収去された沈殿物は適切なTBAOHが添加されたMeOHに溶解し、セファデックス(登録商標)を用いて精製(eluent.MeOH)し、さらに硝酸で沈澱させろ過した。残留沈殿物は水とエーテルで水洗した後に乾燥した。1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.88(m、6H)、1.29(m、8H)、1.96(m、8H)、2.55(m、4H)、6.70(s、2H)、6.98(s、2H)、7.34(m、4H)、8.21(m、4H)、8.44(m、4H)、11.4(s、2H)。 (3) The synthesized compound (1) (0.8 g, 1.12 mmol), [RuCl2 (p-Cymene)] 2 (0.34 g, 0.56 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (15 ml) and protected from light. Refluxed at 80 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (0.27 g, 1.12 mmol) was added, and the mixture was refluxed again at 160 ° C. for 4 hours. Further, NH4NCS (0.85 g, 11.2 mmol) was added, followed by refluxing at 130 ° C. for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the residue was vacuum distilled and dried, washed with water and ether, and then filtered to collect the precipitate. The collected precipitate was dissolved in MeOH to which an appropriate TBAOH was added, purified (Eluent. MeOH) using Sephadex®, further precipitated with nitric acid and filtered. The residual precipitate was washed with water and ether and then dried. 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.88 (m, 6H), 1.29 (m, 8H), 1.96 (m, 8H), 2.55 (m, 4H), 6.70 ( s, 2H), 6.98 (s, 2H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 8.21 (m, 4H), 8.44 (m, 4H), 11.4 (s, 2H).
実施例7:化学式1−16の染料化合物の合成
前記製造式1により製造されたジチエノチオフェンを前記反応式6の方法を用いて化学式1−16の染料を製造した。
(1)2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェンの製造
前記実施例4のようにジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン(0.37g、1.88mmol)をTHF30mlに溶解し、n−BuLi(1ml、2mmol)を−78℃で徐々に滴加した後、1時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、1−ブロモヘキサン(0.28ml、2mmol)を−78℃で添加した後、さらに1時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮しカラム精製した。(eluent.M.C:Hx=1:2)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.89(m、3H)、1.24(m、6H)、1.88(m、2H)、3.24(m、2H)、6.8(m、2H)、7.11(d、3JHH=2.4Hz、1H)。
Example 7 Synthesis of Dye Compound of Formula 1-16 A dye of Formula 1-16 was prepared using the dithienothiophene prepared according to
(1) Preparation of 2-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene Dithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene (0.37 g, 1.88 mmol) was dissolved in 30 ml of THF as in Example 4 and n-BuLi. (1 ml, 2 mmol) was gradually added dropwise at −78 ° C., followed by stirring for 1 hour. After completion of the stirring, 1-bromohexane (0.28 ml, 2 mmol) was added at −78 ° C., followed by further stirring for 1 hour. After completion of the stirring, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to purify the column. (Eluent.M.C: Hx = 1: 2) 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.89 (m, 3H), 1.24 (m, 6H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 6.8 (m, 2H), 7.11 (d, 3JHH = 2.4 Hz, 1H).
(2)2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン−5−カルボアルデヒドの製造
2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン(0.3g、1.06mmol)をDMF10mlに溶解した後、POCl3(0.098ml、1.06mmol)を滴加し、窒素ガス状態下、80℃で4時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮しカラム精製した。(eluent.E.A:Hx=1:2)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.89(m、3H)、1.24(m、6H)、1.88(m、2H)、3.24(m、2H)、6.9(s、1H)、7.41(s、1H)9.61(s、1H)。
(2) Preparation of 2-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene-5-carbaldehyde 2-Hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene (0.3 g, 1.06 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of DMF, and then POCl3 ( 0.098 ml, 1.06 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen gas state. After completion of the stirring, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to purify the column. (Eluent.EA: Hx = 1: 2) 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.89 (m, 3H), 1.24 (m, 6H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 6.9 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H) 9.61 (s, 1H).
(3)5,5'−(1E,1'E)−3,3'−(2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジイル)ビス(プロプ−1−エン−3,1−ジイル)ビス(2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン)の製造
2−ヘキシルジチエノ[2',3']チオフェン−5−カルボアルデヒド(0.3g、0.97mmol)、テトラエチル2,2'−ビピリジン−4,4'−ジイルビス(メチレン)ジホスホン酸(0.22g、0.486mmol)、NaH(0.5g、1.2mmol)をTHF30mlに溶解した後、窒素ガス雰囲気下で4時間還流しながら撹拌した。
撹拌が終わった後、塩化メチレンと水を用いて有機層を抽出した後、溶媒を留去し濃縮しカラム精製した。(eluent.E.A)1H NMR(CDCl3):[ppm]=0.89(m、6H)、1.24(m、12H)、1.88(m、4H)、3.24(m、4H)、6.64(s、2H)、)、6.88(d、3JHH=15.4Hz、2H)、7.1(s、2H)、7.29(d、3JHH=15.4Hz、2H)、7.31(d、3JHH=5.4Hz、2H)、8.01(s、2H)、8.31(d、3JHH=5.4Hz、2H)。
(3) 5,5 ′-(1E, 1′E) -3,3 ′-(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-diyl) bis (prop-1-ene-3,1-diyl) Preparation of bis (2-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene) 2-hexyldithieno [2 ′, 3 ′] thiophene-5-carbaldehyde (0.3 g, 0.97 mmol),
After the stirring was completed, the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride and water, and then the solvent was distilled off and concentrated to purify the column. (Eluent.EA) 1H NMR (CDCl3): [ppm] = 0.89 (m, 6H), 1.24 (m, 12H), 1.88 (m, 4H), 3.24 (m, 4H), 6.64 (s, 2H),) 6.88 (d, 3JHH = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 7.1 (s, 2H), 7.29 (d, 3JHH = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, 3JHH = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (s, 2H), 8.31 (d, 3JHH = 5.4 Hz, 2H).
(4)化学式1−16の化合物の製造
実施例4の1−14(1)の合成方法と同様の方法を用いて化学式1−16の化合物を製造した。
(4) Production of Compound of Chemical Formula 1-16 A compound of Chemical Formula 1-16 was produced using the same method as the synthesis method of 1-14 (1) of Example 4.
実施例8:染料感応太陽電池の製造
太陽電池はダイソルチタニアペースト(オーストラリア、ダイソル・リミテッド製(Dyesol Ltd., Australia))で製造したTiO2フィルムを用いて製造した。ダイソルペーストはチタニウム(IV)イソプロポキシドで前処理されたFTOガラス基板の上にドクターブレード方法を用いてコーティングした。FTO上のペーストは450℃で30分間焼成して13μm厚のTiO2薄膜層を形成した。焼成された薄膜層は常温で24時間、DMFを溶媒とした濃度0.5mMの前記実施例1で製造したDCSC1(化学式1−1)が溶解した染料溶液に浸漬させた。染料がコーティングされた薄膜は付着していない染料を除去するために3時間DMF溶液に浸漬させ、その後、DMFを除去するために3日間エタノール溶液に浸漬させた。染料がコーティングされたTiO2薄膜はエタノールで洗浄し、通常の太陽電池製造方法によって太陽電池を製造した。
Example 8 Production of Dye-Sensitive Solar Cell A solar cell was produced using a TiO 2 film produced with Daisol Titania Paste (Dyesol Ltd., Australia). Daisol paste was coated on a FTO glass substrate pretreated with titanium (IV) isopropoxide using a doctor blade method. The paste on FTO was baked at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a 13 μm
この時、太陽電池に使用されたレドックス電解質溶液は溶媒をメトキシプロピオニトリルとして、0.05M I2、0.1M LiI、0.6M 1,2−ジメチル−3−ヘキシルイミダゾリウムヨードと0.5M 4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させたものを使用した。
At this time, the redox electrolyte solution used in the solar cell had 0.05 M I2, 0.1 M LiI, 0.6
実施例9〜16及び比較例1:
DCSC1の代わりにそれぞれDCSC2(実施例9)、DCSC3(実施例10)、DCSC4(実施例11)、DCSC8(実施例12、化学式1−6の化合物使用)、DCSC9(実施例13)、化学式1−14(1)(実施例14)、化学式1−14(2)(実施例15)、化学式1−16(実施例16)及びN719を染料として使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の方法で太陽電池を製造した。
Examples 9 to 16 and Comparative Example 1:
Instead of DCSC1, DCSC2 (Example 9), DCSC3 (Example 10), DCSC4 (Example 11), DCSC8 (Example 12, using the compound of Chemical Formula 1-6), DCSC9 (Example 13), Chemical Formula 1 -14 (1) (Example 14), Chemical Formula 1-14 (2) (Example 15), Chemical Formula 1-16 (Example 16) and the same method as Example 8 except that N719 was used as a dye. A solar cell was manufactured.
前記製造された太陽電池の光電子化学特性、IPCE指数、吸光スペクトル及びモル吸光係数を測定して図1に示し、下記表1には吸光ピーク及びモル吸光係数を示し、表2にはJsc(short-circuit photocurrent density)、Voc(open circuit voltage)、FF(fill factor)、光電子転換効率(η)を測定して示した。 The photoelectrochemical properties, IPCE index, absorption spectrum and molar extinction coefficient of the manufactured solar cell were measured and shown in FIG. 1, Table 1 below shows the absorption peak and molar extinction coefficient, and Table 2 shows Jsc (short -circuit photocurrent density), Voc (open circuit voltage), FF (fill factor), and photoelectron conversion efficiency (η).
太陽電池の光電子化学特性はケースレー(Keithley) M 236ソース測定装置を用いて測定し、光源としてはAM1.5フィルター(Oriel)が備えられた300W Xeランプを使用し、電極の大きさは0.4×0.4cm2、光の強さは1sun(100mW/cm2)とした。光の強さはSi太陽電池を用いて調整した。IPCE指数はPV Measurement社のシステムを用いて測定した。溶液とTiO2フィルムにおける染料の吸光スペクトルの測定は、HP8453Aダイオードアレイ分光光度計を使用した。 The photoelectrochemical properties of the solar cells were measured using a Keithley M 236 source measuring device, a 300 W Xe lamp equipped with an AM1.5 filter (Oriel) was used as the light source, and the electrode size was .0. 4 × 0.4 cm 2 , and the intensity of light was 1 sun (100 mW / cm 2). The intensity of light was adjusted using a Si solar cell. The IPCE index was measured using a PV Measurement system. The HP8453A diode array spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorption spectra of the dye in the solution and TiO 2 film.
上記表1及び図1に示されているように、本願発明の染料(図示されていない化学式1−14(1)(実施例14)、化学式1−14(2)(実施例15)、化学式1−16(実施例16)の場合を含む)は参照染料であるN719に比べて、カーブが全波長にかけて高く、モル吸光係数が高いことが分かり、長波長側にシフトすることが分かる。 As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1, the dyes of the present invention (chemical formula 1-14 (1) (Example 14), chemical formula 1-14 (2) (Example 15), It can be seen that 1-16 (including the case of Example 16) has a higher curve over all wavelengths and a higher molar extinction coefficient than N719 which is a reference dye, and shifts to the longer wavelength side.
表2に示されているように、本願発明の染料はN719に比べて、カーブが全波長にかけて高いことが分かり、光エネルギー転換効率も優れていることが分かる。 As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the dye of the present invention has a higher curve over all wavelengths and superior light energy conversion efficiency compared to N719.
本発明の新規なルテニウム系染料は、従来の染料に比べ、より顕著に向上した光電変換効率を示し、酸化物半導体微粒子との結合力が強化され、Jsc及びモル吸光係数が優れているので、太陽電池の効率を大きく向上させることができる。 The novel ruthenium-based dye of the present invention exhibits a significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with conventional dyes, has enhanced bonding strength with oxide semiconductor fine particles, and has excellent Jsc and molar extinction coefficient. The efficiency of the solar cell can be greatly improved.
Claims (10)
(式中、a1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、X及びYはそれぞれ独立して、メチル基または下記化学式2−1〜2−14で示されるいずれか1つの基であり、XとYの少なくとも1つは化学式2−1〜2−14で示される基のいずれか1つである。)で示されるルテニウム(Ru)系染料:
(上記化学式2−1〜2−14中、*部は結合部であり、b1環は、ハロゲン原子、アミド基、シアノ基、ヒドロキシル基、ニトロ基、アシル基、C1〜30のアルキル基及びC1〜30のアルコキシ基からなる群から選択される1または2以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく、Aは、それぞれ独立してSまたはOを表わし、R、R1、R2、及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、C1〜15のアルキル、C1〜15のアルコキシ、C6〜20のアリール、または6〜20のヘテロアリールを表わし、nは1〜10の整数である。)。 The following chemical formula 1
Wherein the a1 ring is one or more selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1-30 alkoxy group. X and Y are each independently a methyl group or any one group represented by the following chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, and at least one of X and Y Is any one of groups represented by chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14.) Ruthenium (Ru) dyes represented by:
(In the chemical formulas 2-1 to 2-14, the * part is a bonding part, and the ring b1 is a halogen atom, an amide group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, and a C1 ring. May be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of ˜30 alkoxy groups, A independently represents S or O, and R, R 1, R 2, and R 3 are Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, C1-15 alkyl, C1-15 alkoxy, C6-20 aryl, or 6-20 heteroaryl, and n is an integer of 1-10.
(上記式中、A及びRは請求項1で定義したとおりである。)。 The ruthenium (Ru) dye according to claim 1, wherein the dye is one represented by the following chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-38:
(In the above formula, A and R are as defined in claim 1).
(上記化学式3、4、5及び6中、X、Y及びa1は請求項1で定義したとおりである。)。 A method for producing a ruthenium (Ru) dye represented by the following chemical formula 1, which comprises sequentially reacting a compound represented by the following chemical formula 3 with a compound represented by the following chemical formulas 4, 5 and 6:
(In the above chemical formulas 3, 4, 5 and 6, X, Y and a1 are as defined in claim 1).
(上記反応式4中、複数のRは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、C1〜15のアルキル、C1〜15のアルコキシ、C6〜20のアリールまたはC6〜20のヘテロアリールを表わす。)。
。 The method for producing a ruthenium (Ru) -based dye according to claim 3, wherein the method for producing the dye comprises one of the processes represented by the following reaction formulas 1 to 6.
(In the above reaction scheme 4, a plurality of R's each independently represents a hydrogen atom, C1-15 alkyl, C1-15 alkoxy, C6-20 aryl or C6-20 heteroaryl).
.
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WO2013089087A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell |
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TWI370120B (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2012-08-11 | Everlight Chem Ind Corp | Ruthenium complex |
CN101235214B (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Organic ruthenium dye and dye sensitization solar battery |
KR101050470B1 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2011-07-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Ruthenium complex and dye sensitized fuel cell using the same |
JP5775675B2 (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2015-09-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element, photoelectrochemical cell, and dye solution for photoelectric conversion element |
JP4980479B2 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2012-07-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Metal complex dye, photoelectric conversion element, and dye-sensitized solar cell |
CN103189452A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社东进世美肯 | Novel ruthenium-based dye and method for producing same |
CN102477045A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | Bithiophene quinoid compound, its preparation method, intermediate thereof and its application |
JP5893390B2 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2016-03-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell |
CN102993085B (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-08-20 | 河南省商业科学研究所有限责任公司 | Synthesis method of 2, 2'-(2, 2'-dipyridyl-4, 4'-dimethyl) di-malononitrile and substitute for 2, 2'-(2, 2'-dipyridyl-4, 4'-dimethyl) di-malononitrile |
CN103351332B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-01-27 | 聊城大学 | The synthetic method of Conjugate extended carboxyl bipyridine ligand and ruthenium based dye thereof and application |
CN103554996B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2016-03-02 | 华中科技大学 | The ruthenium complex dye of cation and the dye sensitization solar battery of preparation thereof |
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WO2013089087A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell |
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