JP2011211930A - Concentrated natural seawater obtained by correcting components thereof as suitable for closed circulation - Google Patents
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本発明は、天然海水から海水等に棲息する動植物などを閉鎖環境において飼育するために用いる濃縮海水に関するものである。 The present invention relates to concentrated seawater used for breeding animals and plants that inhabit the seawater from natural seawater in a closed environment.
海水等に棲息する動植物などを閉鎖環境において飼育する絶対条件である海水には、天然海水と人工海水の２種類があり、飼育する動植物の大半は珊瑚礁に棲息する生物で、天然海水を飼育に用いることができれば理想的である。しかし、天然海水は雑菌や不純物が混入しているので飼育水として利用するには多くのリスクを負わなければならない。また、１００％天然海水を使用して魚類を閉鎖環境において飼育すると病気の発生率が高くなるといわれている。 There are two types of seawater, which is an absolute condition for breeding animals and plants that live in seawater, etc. in a closed environment: natural seawater and artificial seawater, and most of the animals and plants to be bred are living on coral reefs. Ideal if it can be used. However, since natural seawater is contaminated with various germs and impurities, many risks must be taken to use it as breeding water. Moreover, it is said that the incidence of disease increases when fish are raised in a closed environment using 100% natural seawater.
特許文献１には、天然海水を逆浸透膜法により淡水化した残留濃縮海水を成分とする魚病治療用天然濃縮海水が公開されている。この方法によると、ナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、その他の含有成分が配合バランス的に見て天然海水に近似した点で優れているが魚病治療用であり、閉鎖環境における飼育海水としては適さない問題点と濃縮工程で電力を必要とする省エネルギー化を克服できない問題点がある。 Patent Document 1 discloses natural concentrated seawater for treating fish diseases, which contains residual concentrated seawater obtained by desalination of natural seawater by a reverse osmosis membrane method. According to this method, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and other ingredients are superior in terms of blending balance and approximate to natural seawater, but they are used for fish disease treatment and are not suitable for breeding seawater in a closed environment. However, there is a problem that energy saving that requires electric power in the concentration process cannot be overcome.
特許文献２には、濃縮釜２にて海水の塩分濃度が１２％〜１５％程度になるまで（海水の容積が約２２％程度になるまで）濃縮し、この濃縮海水を、沈殿除去槽４に送出して貯留する。沈殿除去槽４に貯留された濃縮海水を、２時間〜４時間程度の間鎮静させると、石膏分が沈殿するので、この沈殿した石膏分を、沈殿除去槽の下端に設けられたドレンパイプ４ａから排出する。最後に石膏分が除去された濃縮海水（上澄み）を蒸発結晶釜５に送出し、蒸発結晶釜５にて再度加熱して残りの水分を蒸発させて結晶化した塩を得る製塩方法が公開されている。この方法によると、海水を煮詰めて、塩分膿度が１２％〜１５％になるまで濃縮し、該濃縮海水を鎮静状態にして石膏（ＣａＳＯ４）分を沈殿させて除去するため、成分の配合バランス的に見て天然海水に近似していない問題点と濃縮工程でボイラーによる加熱手段を必要とする省エネルギー化を克服できない問題点がある。 In Patent Document 2, the concentrated kettle 2 is concentrated until the seawater has a salt concentration of about 12% to 15% (until the volume of the seawater is about 22%). Send out and store. When the concentrated seawater stored in the sediment removal tank 4 is sedated for about 2 to 4 hours, the gypsum content is precipitated. To discharge from. Finally, a salt production method is disclosed in which concentrated seawater (supernatant) from which gypsum has been removed is sent to the evaporating crystal kettle 5 and heated again in the evaporating crystal kettle 5 to evaporate the remaining water to obtain a crystallized salt. ing. According to this method, the seawater is boiled and concentrated until the salinity is 12% to 15%, and the concentrated seawater is sedated to precipitate and remove the gypsum (CaSO 4 ) component. There are problems that are not close to natural seawater from a balance point of view and energy savings that require boiler heating means in the concentration process.
特許文献３には、海洋深層水にマグネシウム化合物を添加し、ナトリウムに対するマグネシウムの重量比（Mg／Na）を１／８〜１／３に調整した魚介類の日持ち改善海水が公開されている。この方法はマグネシウム化合物が、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム又は海水を濃縮したニガリであり、密封容器内の日持ち改善には適しているが、飼育目的の海水としては適さない問題点がある。 Patent Document 3 discloses seawater-improved seawater for seafood in which a magnesium compound is added to deep sea water and the weight ratio of magnesium to sodium (Mg / Na) is adjusted to 1/8 to 1/3. In this method, the magnesium compound is magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, or bittern concentrated in seawater, which is suitable for improving the shelf life in a sealed container, but is not suitable as seawater for breeding purposes.
特許文献４には、原海水を脱水濃縮し、該濃縮海水を脱塩処理することにより、栄養塩類が濃縮されていることを特徴とする富栄養人工海水の製造方法が公開されている。この方法によると、原海水を脱水濃縮、脱塩処理することにより、栄養塩類が濃縮されている点が優れているが、飼育目的の海水として使用する場合、各元素類の組成及び濃度を天然海水に近似して調整されるため、複雑な工程処理に係るコストが問題点となる。 Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing eutrophic artificial seawater, characterized in that nutrient salts are concentrated by dehydrating and concentrating raw seawater and subjecting the concentrated seawater to desalination. According to this method, the saltwater is concentrated by dehydrating and desalinating the raw seawater, but when used as seawater for breeding purposes, the composition and concentration of each element are naturally reduced. Since it is adjusted to approximate seawater, the cost associated with complicated process processing becomes a problem.
特許文献５には、塩化カルシウム８〜１２ｋｇ、塩化マグネシウム３５〜４０ｋｇ、硫酸マグネシウム４８〜５２ｋｇ、塩化加里５〜８ｋｇ、塩化ナトリウム２５０〜３００ｋｇ、を同時に攪拌機の槽内に注入して後、重炭酸曹達約１ｋｇを注入し、徐々に攪拌機を１００ｒｐｍで回転しながら、淡水３５〜３８リットルを注入し、約１時間混練して回転を止め、１時間乃至５時間熟成させ、次に重炭酸曹達約１ｋｇを流入し、再度攪拌機を回転して練成することを特徴とする人工海水の素を製造する方法が公開されている。この方法によると、全て人工的に海水成分を合成しているため雑菌や不純物が混入するリスクを負わない点で優れているが、硫黄、臭素、炭素、ストロンチウム、ホウ素、ケイ素、ヨウ素（含有量順）等の８０種類以上の微量成分が含まれていないため、天然海水に比べ劣る問題点がある。 In Patent Document 5, 8-12 kg of calcium chloride, 35-40 kg of magnesium chloride, 48-52 kg of magnesium sulfate, 5-8 kg of potassium chloride, 250-300 kg of sodium chloride are simultaneously injected into the tank of the stirrer, and then bicarbonate. Inject approximately 1kg of caustic soda, slowly inject the fresh water 35-38 liters while rotating the stirrer at 100 rpm, knead for about 1 hour, stop rotating, and mature for 1 to 5 hours, then caustic soda A method for producing an element of artificial seawater, characterized in that 1 kg is introduced and the stirrer is rotated again for kneading. According to this method, all the seawater components are artificially synthesized, which is superior in that there is no risk of contamination and impurities, but sulfur, bromine, carbon, strontium, boron, silicon, iodine (content Since there are no more than 80 kinds of trace components such as (in order), there is a problem inferior to natural seawater.
特許文献６には、ＮａＨＣＯ３として１００重量部の重炭酸曹達、ＭｇＣｌ２として３０〜８０重量部の酸化マグネシュウム、ＭｇＳＯ４として１５〜４０重量部の硫酸マグネシュウム、ＫＣｌとして７〜１６重量部の塩化カリュウム、ＮａＣｌ２として３〜８重量部の塩化カルシュウム、および、Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２として３〜８重量部の消石灰よりなる海産動物飼育用溶液添加剤が公開されている。この方法によると、実際に魚介類が利用し得る形で存在するマグネシュウムの減少を抑え棲息期間が短くなるのを防止する優れた効果を期待できる。しかし、添加剤としての運用であり、閉鎖環境における飼育海水としての運用法が確立されていない。 Patent Document 6 includes 100 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate as NaHCO 3 , 30 to 80 parts by weight of magnesium oxide as MgCl 2 , 15 to 40 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate as MgSO 4 , and 7 to 16 parts by weight of chloride as KCl. Karyuumu as NaCl 2 3-8 parts by weight of calcium chloride, and, Ca (OH) 2 made of slaked lime 3-8 parts by weight marine animal breeding solution additives have been published. According to this method, it is possible to expect an excellent effect of suppressing the reduction of magnesium present in a form that can be actually used by seafood and preventing the sighing period from being shortened. However, it is an operation as an additive, and an operation method as breeding seawater in a closed environment has not been established.
特許文献７には、適当量の水に溶解したときに、ホウ素化合物がホウ素として換算したときに、０．００２〜０．０５W／V％の濃度に含有することとなる人工海水を調製するための組成物が公開されている。この方法によると、従来の人工海水の欠点が改善され、緩衝作用が強くｐＨの変動が少ない人工海水が得られ、さらに、海棲動物の病害の発生を減少させるという点に関しても有効である優れた効果を期待できる。しかし、天然海水に含まれる微量イオンについては調整されていない。また、検出限界以下のイオン、未同定の有効成分なども含まれていないため、天然海水の持つ性質とは異なったものとなる可能性がある。 Patent Document 7 describes the preparation of artificial seawater that, when dissolved in an appropriate amount of water, will be contained at a concentration of 0.002 to 0.05 W / V% when the boron compound is converted as boron. The composition is published. According to this method, the disadvantages of the conventional artificial seawater are improved, an artificial seawater having a strong buffering action and a small pH fluctuation is obtained, and further, it is effective in terms of reducing the occurrence of diseases of marine animals. Can be expected. However, it is not adjusted for trace ions contained in natural seawater. Moreover, since ions below the detection limit and unidentified active ingredients are not included, there is a possibility that the properties of natural seawater may be different.
特許文献８には、天然海水の主要構成成分であるナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウムなどの各種塩類を含む人工海水中に、ヨウ化カリウムを０．００１〜０．０１重量％、さらに四ホウ酸ナトリウム０．０８〜０．０９重量％、ホウ酸０．０７〜０．０８重量％および臭化カリウム０．０７〜０．０８重量％を添加した人工海水が公開されている。この方法によると、海産動植物、特に、ウニ類の受精・発生に適していて、発生段階で異常卵が少なく、所定時間内にプルテウス幼生期に速やかに到達し、また自然海水と同様な速度で発生過程を行ない得る優れた効果を期待できる。しかし、天然海水に含まれる微量イオンについては調整されていない。また、検出限界以下のイオン、未同定の有効成分なども含まれていないため、天然海水の持つ性質とは異なったものとなる可能性がある。 In Patent Document 8, 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of potassium iodide and tetraboric acid are added to artificial seawater containing various salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, which are main constituents of natural seawater. Artificial seawater to which 0.08 to 0.09% by weight of sodium, 0.07 to 0.08% by weight of boric acid and 0.07 to 0.08% by weight of potassium bromide are added is disclosed. According to this method, it is suitable for fertilization and development of marine animals and plants, especially sea urchins, has few abnormal eggs at the development stage, quickly reaches the Pluteus larval stage within a specified time, and at the same rate as natural seawater. It is possible to expect an excellent effect that can perform the generation process. However, it is not adjusted for trace ions contained in natural seawater. Moreover, since ions below the detection limit and unidentified active ingredients are not included, there is a possibility that the properties of natural seawater may be different.
特許文献９には、水道水１００リットルにたいして、塩化ナトリウム３．３キログラム苦汁２〜５リットル配合し、従来の人工海水に添加剤として１００ＣＣ〜５００ＣＣを添加する人工海水が公開されている。この方法によると、検出限界以下のイオン、未同定の有効成分などを添加でき、生きた珊瑚のポリプの出方が３倍になる効果を期待できる。しかし、天然海水の持つ性質とは異なったものとなる可能性がある。 Patent Document 9 discloses artificial seawater in which 2 to 5 liters of sodium chloride 3.3 kg is mixed with 100 liters of tap water and 100 CC to 500 CC is added as an additive to conventional artificial seawater. According to this method, an ion below the detection limit, an unidentified active ingredient, and the like can be added, and an effect that triples the appearance of a living frog polyp can be expected. However, it may be different from the nature of natural seawater.
特許文献１０には、海水性生物及び淡水性生物の人工飼育に用いる飼育水であって、比重が１．００４以上天然海水以下となるように飼育水中にナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムを添加し、カルシウムに対するカリウムの存在比が０．９３乃至天然海水中の存在比であり、カルシウムとカリウムに対するナトリウムの存在比が５５与乃至天然海水中の存在比となるように含有することを特徴とする人工飼育水が公開されている。この方法は、汽水域飼育に準ずるもので、海水等に棲息する動植物などの***物及び残餌によりアンモニアが発生するが、アンモニアの解離特性から見ると、魚類に影響を与えない解離のアンモニウムイオンと有毒なアンモニアとが平衡状態にある。そして、アンモニアの平行定数が高温、高塩、高ｐＨの場合に有毒な非解離アンモニアに変化しやすいため、天然海水に比べ低塩でｐＨの低い人工飼育水では、有毒なアンモニアの発生が抑えられるので、天然海水による飼育に比べ小さな濾過装置の設置で飼育が可能となる効果を期待できる。しかし、無脊椎動物の飼育には適さない問題点がある。 Patent Document 10 discloses breeding water used for artificial breeding of seawater organisms and freshwater organisms, wherein sodium, calcium and potassium are added to the breeding water so that the specific gravity is 1.004 or more and natural seawater or less. The artificial breeding characterized in that the abundance ratio of potassium to 0.93 is from 0.93 to abundance ratio in natural seawater, and the abundance ratio of sodium to calcium and potassium is 55 to abundance ratio in natural seawater Water is open to the public. This method is similar to breeding in brackish water. Ammonia is generated by excrement and residual food such as animals and plants inhabiting seawater, etc., but when viewed from the dissociation characteristics of ammonia, dissociated ammonium ions that do not affect fish And toxic ammonia are in equilibrium. And since the parallel constant of ammonia easily changes to toxic non-dissociated ammonia when the temperature is high, high salt, and high pH, the generation of toxic ammonia is suppressed in artificial breeding water with a low salt and a low pH compared to natural seawater. Therefore, it can be expected that rearing is possible with the installation of a small filtration device compared to rearing with natural seawater. However, there are problems that are not suitable for invertebrate breeding.
特許文献１１には、少なくとも塩化ナトリウム、カルシウム塩、炭酸塩及びキレート剤を混合して人工海水用組成物を製造するに際し、カルシウム塩とキレート剤の混合を行った後に、炭酸塩の添加混合を行う人工海水用組成物の製造方法が公開されている。この方法によると、得られた人工海水用組成物を用いて調製された人工海水は、白い濁りが生じることなく、海水等に棲息する動植物などを飼育できるまでの時間を短縮できる効果を期待できる。しかし、天然海水に含まれる微量イオンについては調整されていない。また、検出限界以下のイオン、未同定の有効成分なども含まれていないため、天然海水の持つ性質とは異なったものとなる可能性がある。 In Patent Document 11, when producing a composition for artificial seawater by mixing at least sodium chloride, calcium salt, carbonate and chelating agent, after mixing calcium salt and chelating agent, addition mixing of carbonate is performed. The manufacturing method of the composition for artificial seawater to perform is exhibited. According to this method, the artificial seawater prepared using the obtained composition for artificial seawater can be expected to have an effect of shortening the time required to breed animals and plants that live in seawater and the like without causing white turbidity. . However, it is not adjusted for trace ions contained in natural seawater. Moreover, since ions below the detection limit and unidentified active ingredients are not included, there is a possibility that the properties of natural seawater may be different.
そこで本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みて発明されたもので、天然海水の雑菌や不純物の混入を排除して飼育水として利用するのに適した成分配合とすると共に、飼育環境と経済性に適応する閉鎖循環に適した濃縮天然海水を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been invented in view of the above problems, and it is a component composition suitable for use as breeding water by eliminating the contamination of natural seawater and impurities, and also in breeding environment and economy. It is an object of the present invention to provide concentrated natural seawater suitable for an adapted closed circulation.
上記の課題を達成するため、請求項１に記載した閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水は、天然海水を塩田濃縮製塩法にて、太陽と海風により比重１．０６以上〜比重１．２１未満に調整した濃縮海水を物理濾過し、非加熱ニガリを加えて有用成分を調整した後、８５℃１０分の加熱処理を施し、常温冷却後の比重を濃縮基準比重の±０．０３に調整後、活性炭濾過を施し、生菌検査後パッキングされた濃縮海水を１：２〜１：９に希釈して、カルシウム化合物と硫酸鉄を加え、希釈後の比重を１．０２３に調整し飼育海水とすることを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 1 is produced by using a saltwater concentration salt production method for natural seawater and having a specific gravity of 1.06 or more to a specific gravity of 1. Concentrated seawater adjusted to less than 21 is physically filtered, non-heated bittern is added to adjust useful components, heat treatment is performed at 85 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the specific gravity after cooling at room temperature is set to ± 0.03 of the concentration standard specific gravity. After adjustment, the activated carbon is filtered, and the concentrated seawater packed after the inspection of live bacteria is diluted 1: 2 to 1: 9, calcium compound and iron sulfate are added, and the specific gravity after dilution is adjusted to 1.023. It is characterized by seawater.
この発明においては、塩化ナトリウムの析出が濃縮容量１００ｍｌ／lより開始される特性をふまえ、輸送コスト等の価格変動要素を配慮に入れた場合、塩析出が無視できる範囲の比重１．０６（１：２希釈）〜塩化ナトリウムの析出が始まる比重１．２１(１：９希釈)に調整した濃縮海水を濃縮海水原料としているため、高品質の濃縮天然海水とすることができる。 In the present invention, in consideration of the characteristic that precipitation of sodium chloride starts from a concentration capacity of 100 ml / l and taking into account price fluctuation factors such as transportation costs, a specific gravity of 1.06 (1 : 2 dilution) to concentrated seawater adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.21 (1: 9 dilution) at which sodium chloride starts to precipitate is used as a concentrated seawater raw material, so that high-quality concentrated natural seawater can be obtained.
主要成分であるカルシウムおいては、炭酸カルシウムの析出が濃縮容量６００ｍｌ／lより開始され１００ｍｌ／lで終了し、硫酸カルシウムの析出が濃縮容量３００ｍｌ／lより開始され２０ｍｌ／lで終了するため、カルシウム化合物を補い飼育海水としている。 In calcium, which is the main component, the precipitation of calcium carbonate starts from a concentrated capacity of 600 ml / l and ends at 100 ml / l, and the precipitation of calcium sulfate starts from a concentrated capacity of 300 ml / l and ends at 20 ml / l. Breeding seawater supplemented with calcium compounds.
また、含有量は少ないが有用成分である塩化第二鉄においては、析出が濃縮容量６００ｍｌ／lより開始され２００ｍｌ／lで終了するため、硫酸鉄を代替品として補い飼育海水としている。 In addition, ferric chloride, which is a useful component with a small content, starts precipitation from a concentrated capacity of 600 ml / l and ends at 200 ml / l. Therefore, fermented seawater is supplemented with iron sulfate as an alternative.
請求項２に記載した閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水は、天然海水を塩田濃縮製塩法にて、太陽と海風により比重１．２０以上〜比重１．２３未満に調整した濃縮海水を物理濾過する第一工程と第一工程を経た濃縮海水に非加熱ニガリを加えて有用成分を調整し、８５℃１０分の加熱処理を施し、常温冷却後の比重を濃縮基準比重の±０．０３に調整後、活性炭濾過を施し、生菌検査後パッキングされた濃縮海水と第一工程を経た濃縮海水を更に真空減圧釜で濃縮し乾燥させた粉末塩類を混合し、使用時に１：９〜１：１４に希釈して、カルシウム化合物と硫酸鉄を加え、希釈後の比重を１．０２０に調整し飼育海水とすることを特徴としている。 Concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 2 is obtained by adjusting the concentration of natural seawater to a specific gravity of 1.20 or more to less than 1.23 by the sun and sea breeze by the salted salt concentration method. Non-heated bittern is added to the concentrated seawater that has undergone the first physical filtration and the first process to adjust useful components, heat treatment is performed at 85 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the specific gravity after cooling at room temperature is ± 0. After adjustment to 03, activated carbon filtration was performed, and the concentrated seawater packed after the viable bacteria test and the concentrated seawater that had passed through the first step were further mixed in a vacuum decompression kettle and dried, and mixed with powdered salts. It is characterized by being diluted to 1:14, adding calcium compound and iron sulfate, and adjusting the specific gravity after dilution to 1.020 to obtain breeding seawater.
この発明においては、請求項１より高い比重の濃縮海水原料を使用しているため、塩析出により減少した塩分量を粉末塩類により補っているため、輸送コストを抑えた低価格の濃縮天然海水とすることができる。 In this invention, since concentrated seawater raw material having a specific gravity higher than that of claim 1 is used, the amount of salt reduced by salt precipitation is compensated by powdered salts, so that low-priced concentrated natural seawater with reduced transportation costs and can do.
請求項３に記載した閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水は、非加熱ニガリによる有用成分の調整において、ホウ素成分量８ｍｇ／ｋｇに調整し、ミネラル成分を増量することにより塩化ナトリウム量を減量することを特徴としている。 Concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 3 is adjusted to 8 mg / kg of boron component in adjustment of useful component by non-heated bittern, and the amount of sodium chloride is increased by increasing the mineral component. It is characterized by weight loss.
この発明においては、ホウ素成分量８ｍｇ／ｋｇに調整することで、硫酸マグネシウム、硫黄、臭素、炭素、ストロンチウム、ケイ素、ヨウ素等が天然海水に比べ約１．３倍〜約２倍の値になり、緩衝作用が強くｐＨの変動が少ない海水が得られ、さらに、低塩でｐＨの低い飼育水とすることが可能であるため、有毒なアンモニアの発生が抑えられる。 In this invention, by adjusting the boron component amount to 8 mg / kg, magnesium sulfate, sulfur, bromine, carbon, strontium, silicon, iodine, etc. are about 1.3 times to about 2 times the value of natural seawater. In addition, seawater having a strong buffering action and a small pH fluctuation can be obtained, and furthermore, it is possible to provide breeding water with a low salt and a low pH, so that generation of toxic ammonia can be suppressed.
請求項４に記載した閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水は、添加するカルシウム化合物が昆布の化石粉末を用いることを特徴としている。 Concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 4 is characterized in that the calcium compound to be added uses a fossil powder of kelp.
この発明においては、濃縮過程で析出により減少したカルシウム成分を、昆布の化石粉末を用いることで補っているため、主成分のカルシウム化合物の他に微量要素７０種類を含む成分を天然素材により補給できる。 In this invention, since the calcium component decreased by precipitation in the concentration process is supplemented by using the kelp fossil powder, the component containing 70 kinds of trace elements in addition to the main component calcium compound can be supplemented with natural materials. .
請求項５に記載した閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水において、添加する硫酸鉄は、飾り珊瑚、天然岩、人工模型などを硫酸鉄５％〜１０％溶液に浸漬させ、空気酸化処理を施し、徐々に鉄成分を溶出させることを特徴としている。 In the concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 5, the iron sulfate to be added is obtained by immersing decoration cake, natural rock, artificial model, etc. in a 5% -10% iron sulfate solution, and air oxidation treatment And the iron component is gradually eluted.
この発明においては、濃縮過程で析出により減少した塩化第二鉄成分を、代替品の硫酸鉄に置き換え、硫酸鉄５％〜１０％溶液に飾り珊瑚、天然岩、人工模型などを浸漬させ、浸漬させた処理物の表面に鉄成分を結着させ、空気酸化処理を施した処理物を飼育海水中に投入し、使用量に見合う極少量を徐々に溶出させ、鉄成分が枯渇しないように補給させる。 In this invention, the ferric chloride component decreased by precipitation during the concentration process is replaced with an alternative iron sulfate, and dipped buds, natural rocks, artificial models, etc. are immersed in a 5% to 10% iron sulfate solution. The iron component is bound to the surface of the treated product, and the treated product that has been subjected to air oxidation treatment is put into the breeding seawater, and a very small amount corresponding to the amount used is gradually eluted to replenish the iron component so that it is not depleted. Let
以上説明したように本発明によれば、天日濃縮により８０数種類の有用成分が全て含まれていて、含有成分の全てを天然成分で構成が可能なため、含有成分が配合バランス的に見て天然海水と同等の特性を有すると共に、緩衝作用が強くｐＨの変動が少なく、低塩でｐＨの低い飼育水とすることが可能であるため、有毒なアンモニアの発生が抑えられ、１００％の天然海水を使用して魚類を閉鎖環境で飼育する場合に発生し得る病気の発生も抑制できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, all of the 80 kinds of useful ingredients are contained by the sun concentration, and all the ingredients can be composed of natural ingredients. It has the same characteristics as natural seawater, has a strong buffering action, has little pH fluctuation, and can be used as breeding water with low salt and low pH, so that generation of toxic ammonia is suppressed and 100% natural Occurrence of diseases that can occur when fish are raised in a closed environment using seawater can also be suppressed.
以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
天然海水の濃縮法には、塩田に天然海水を引き込み天日と風により濃縮する塩田濃縮製塩法（天日塩田法）、イオン交換膜を用いる膜処理製塩法、下流盤、枝条架、または濃縮棟を利用し濃縮する流下式製塩法があるが、天然海水が含有する微量ミネラルを多く残存させるためには、静止状態にて天然海水を濃縮する塩田濃縮製塩法が好ましい。 Concentration methods of natural seawater include saltwater concentration salt production method (sun salt method) that draws natural seawater into saltwater and concentrates it with sun and wind, membrane treatment salt production method using ion exchange membrane, downstream panel, branch strut, or concentration building However, in order to leave a large amount of trace minerals contained in natural seawater, a salt-field concentration salt production method that concentrates natural seawater in a stationary state is preferable.
しかし、非特許文献（海洋の化学１３６ｐ表３．１（東海大学出版））に示す通り、塩化第二鉄、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムの順で有効成分が析出していくため、各成分の補正が必要不可欠であるが、天然海水の組成に戻すのではなく、閉鎖循環における諸問題に対応するため、成分調整や成分枯渇を防ぐ溶出タイミングのコントロールを施した。 However, as shown in non-patent literature (Marine Chemistry 136p Table 3.1 (Tokai University Press)), active ingredients are deposited in the order of ferric chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and sodium chloride. Although correction of components is indispensable, in order not to return to the composition of natural seawater but to cope with various problems in closed circulation, elution timing was controlled to prevent component adjustment and component depletion.
この発明に使用する閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水は、天然海水を塩田濃縮製塩法にて、太陽と海風により濃縮後物理濾過し、非加熱ニガリを加えて、非加熱ニガリ中のホウ素成分量で８ｍｇ／ｋｇに調整することで、硫酸マグネシウム、硫黄、臭素、炭素、ストロンチウム、ケイ素、ヨウ素等が天然海水に比べ約１．３倍〜約２倍の値に調整されるため、緩衝作用が強くｐＨの変動が少ない閉鎖環境に適した長期水替え不要な飼育海水が得られる。 Concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation used in the present invention is concentrated in the salt water concentration salt salt method using the sun and sea breeze, and then physically filtered, added with non-heated bittern, By adjusting the amount of boron component to 8 mg / kg, magnesium sulfate, sulfur, bromine, carbon, strontium, silicon, iodine, etc. are adjusted to a value about 1.3 to about 2 times that of natural seawater. Breeding seawater that does not require long-term water change and is suitable for closed environments with strong buffering action and little pH fluctuation can be obtained.
非加熱ニガリを加えることにより希釈して飼育海水としたときに、塩化ナトリウム量が１％近く少ない低塩環境でも比重を天然海水とほぼ同じに保つことが可能となり、ｐＨの低い飼育水とすることができるため、有毒なアンモニアの発生が抑えられる。 When diluted with non-heated bittern to make breeding seawater, it becomes possible to keep the specific gravity almost the same as natural seawater even in a low salt environment where the amount of sodium chloride is almost 1% low, and breeding water with low pH Therefore, generation of toxic ammonia is suppressed.
そして、８５℃１０分の加熱処理を施した後、活性炭濾過を施し、雑菌や不純物が混入
するのを防止し、天然海水の最大の弱点を排除している。
And after giving heat processing for 85 degreeC for 10 minutes, activated carbon filtration is given, it prevents that a microbe and an impurity mix, and eliminates the biggest weakness of natural seawater.
また、濃縮過程で析出により減少したカルシウム成分を、昆布の化石粉末を用いることで補っているため、主成分のカルシウム化合物の他に微量要素７０種類を含む成分を天然素材により補給できる。そして、天然素材であるため成分の吸収力が高く、無脊椎動物の飼育環境を改善でき、無脊椎動物の摂取により減少したカルシウム成分を必要に応じて添加することも可能となる。 Moreover, since the calcium component decreased by precipitation in the concentration process is compensated by using a kelp fossil powder, a component containing 70 kinds of trace elements in addition to the main component calcium compound can be supplemented with natural materials. And since it is a natural material, it has high absorbability of components, can improve the breeding environment of invertebrates, and it is also possible to add calcium components that have been reduced by invertebrate intake as needed.
さらに、濃縮過程で析出により減少した塩化第二鉄成分を、代替品の硫酸鉄に置き換え、硫酸鉄５％〜１０％溶液に飾り珊瑚（ハードコーラルの骨格）、天然岩、人工模型などを浸漬させ、浸漬させた処理物の表面に鉄成分を結着させ、空気酸化処理を施した処理物とし、飼育海水中に投入されると、使用量に見合う極少量を徐々に溶出させ、鉄成分が枯渇しないように補給されるため、閉鎖環境に適した長期水替え不要な飼育海水が得られる。 In addition, the ferric chloride component reduced by precipitation during the concentration process is replaced with an alternative iron sulfate, and ornamental rocks (hard coral skeleton), natural rocks, artificial models, etc. are immersed in a 5-10% solution of iron sulfate. The iron component is bound to the surface of the soaked processed material, and it is treated with air oxidation treatment, and when it is put into the breeding seawater, a very small amount corresponding to the amount used is gradually eluted, and the iron component Since the water is replenished so as not to be depleted, breeding seawater suitable for a closed environment and requiring no long-term water change can be obtained.
硫酸鉄による鉄皮膜処理は、アルカリ域において鉄イオンの結着効率が高いため、天然岩、人工模型などの中性域の処理にはアンモニア等を用いた前処理を必要とする場合もある。また、飾り珊瑚は多孔質であるため内部まで硫酸鉄が浸透し、鉄皮膜の表面積を拡大させる効果も期待できるため、飾り珊瑚を用いるのが最適であるが、天然岩、人工模型などを拒むものではない。 Since the iron film treatment with iron sulfate has a high binding efficiency of iron ions in an alkaline region, pretreatment using ammonia or the like may be required for treatment of neutral regions such as natural rocks and artificial models. Also, since the decoration is porous, iron sulfate penetrates into the interior, and the effect of expanding the surface area of the iron film can be expected, so it is optimal to use the decoration, but it rejects natural rocks, artificial models, etc. It is not a thing.
作用として、硫酸鉄５％〜１０％溶液に処理物を浸漬させると、処理物の表面に鉄イオンが誘導され付着するが、硫酸イオンは溶液中に残るので過剰な硫酸イオンの弊害は発生しない。 As an effect, when a treated product is immersed in a 5% to 10% solution of iron sulfate, iron ions are induced and attached to the surface of the treated product, but since sulfate ions remain in the solution, the harmful effect of excessive sulfate ions does not occur. .
上記の相乗作用により、従来にない安定した飼育海水が得られ、天然海水を使用して魚類を閉鎖環境で飼育する場合に発生し得る病気の発生も抑制でき、無脊椎動物も自然界に近い生育特性を示し、人工海水の利点と天然海水の利点を合わせ持つ新たな飼育海水が完成に至った。 Due to the above synergies, unprecedented stable breeding seawater can be obtained, the occurrence of diseases that can occur when fish are kept in a closed environment using natural seawater, and invertebrates grow close to nature. A new breeding seawater that shows the characteristics and combines the advantages of artificial seawater and natural seawater has been completed.
飼育設備は、９０×４５×４５の水槽に３分割式オーバーフロー濾過糟（濾材：珊瑚砂）にプロテインスキマーを設け、照明に植物育成用３０Ｗ蛍光灯４本を使用し、水槽内に飾り珊瑚（ハードコーラルの骨格）、天然岩、人工模型などを配置し、クマノミ、ナンヨウハギ、キンギョハナダイ、シライトイソギンチャク、イボヤギ、ウチウラタコアシサンゴ、カクオオトゲキクメイシ、チヂミトサカを飼育するにあたり高品質を謳った人工海水を使い、一ヶ月に一度５０％の換水を行った飼育環境の成立した水槽において、換水時に請求項１に記載した塩析出が無視できる範囲の比重１．０６（１：２希釈）〜塩化ナトリウムの析出が始まる比重１．２１(１：９希釈)に調整した高品質の濃縮天然海水を希釈後の比重１．０２３に調整し、人工海水と閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水と比較調査した。 The breeding equipment is a 90 x 45 x 45 aquarium with a three-part overflow filter bowl (filter material: dredged sand) with protein skimmers, four 30W fluorescent lamps for plant growth, and a decorative basket ( Hard coral skeletons), natural rocks, artificial models, etc. are placed, using artificial seawater with high quality for rearing anemone fish, nanyohagi, goldfish, red-tailed sea anemone, squirrel goose, prickly coral coral, kakuotogekikumeishi, chijimitsusaka, In an aquarium where a breeding environment was established with 50% water exchange once a month, a specific gravity ranging from 1.06 (1: 2 dilution) to sodium chloride precipitation within a range where salt precipitation described in claim 1 can be ignored at the time of water exchange. Adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.023 after dilution of high-quality concentrated natural seawater adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.21 (1: 9 dilution) Component correction suitable for closed circulation of water compared investigation and concentrated natural seawater was.
飼育魚の体色の輝きや、珊瑚のポリプなど自然界の色調や触手の華やかさを水槽の中で再現する為の魚と刺胞動物門の組み合わせ飼育では、魚をベストの状態で飼育するために珊瑚水槽を管理するという考え方が成立する。 In combination breeding of fish and cnidarian gates to reproduce the natural color and the tenacity of tentacles in the aquarium such as the brightness of the body color of the breeding fish and the polyps of the carp The idea of managing the aquarium is established.
比較調査第一回目の換水で、請求項１に記載した濃縮天然海水を希釈後の比重１．０２３に調整し、昆布の化石粉末を用いカルシウム化合物を補給し、表面に鉄成分を結着させた飾り珊瑚をセットし、人工海水５０％と濃縮天然海水５０％にする。 In the first water exchange of the comparative study, the concentrated natural seawater described in claim 1 is adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.023 after dilution, supplemented with calcium compounds using kelp fossil powder, and iron components are bound to the surface. Set the decorative jars to 50% artificial seawater and 50% concentrated natural seawater.
換水直後、珊瑚が水太り状態→ポリプ収縮を経て→自然界の色調や触手の華やかさを３０分程度で取り戻す（浸透圧の関係と思われる）、これまでとまるで違う結果が現れた。チヂミトサカは固体が一回り大きく見え、他の珊瑚もポリプの開き方が以前に比べ数倍開くようになり、ポリプが大きく開き鑑賞価値が数段アップすると共に、給餌効率が上がり、水質の悪化を防ぎ多くの餌を与えられる一石二鳥の好結果を生み出した。また、魚たちも体色の輝きがよくなり、その魚種の持つ美しさを再認識することとなる。 Immediately after the water change, the heels became fat and then subjected to polyp contraction. → The natural color and tentacles were restored in about 30 minutes (it seems to be related to osmotic pressure). Chijimi Saka looks a little larger than the other, and the other frogs open the polyps several times more than before, the polyps open greatly and the appreciation value increases several times, feeding efficiency increases, and water quality deteriorates Produced a good result of two birds with one stone that can be fed with a lot of food. In addition, the fishes will have a brighter body color, and the beauty of the fish species will be recognized again.
前回の換水より一ヶ月が過ぎ、珊瑚も魚類も絶好調であるが、比較調査第二回目の換水の時期にあたるため、前回同様に５０％の換水を実行するが、前回の浸透圧の関係と思われる変化は現れず、絶好調の状態が持続する。 One month has passed since the last water change, and the salmon and fish are in good condition, but since it is the second water change time of the comparative study, 50% water change is executed as in the previous time, but it seems to be related to the previous osmotic pressure No change will appear, and the best condition will continue.
さらに一ヶ月が過ぎ、第三回目の換水の時期にあたるが珊瑚も魚類も絶好調であり、換水の判断を下すため、ｐＨ、硝酸塩、リン酸塩を測定すると、ｐＨ８．１、硝酸塩５．０ｍｇ／l以下、リン酸塩０．２ｍｇ／l以下の測定結果であり、長期水替え不要の実験に切り替えた。 One month has passed and it is the third water change period, but both salmon and fish are in good condition. To judge water replacement, pH, nitrate, and phosphate are measured, pH 8.1, nitrate 5.0 mg / The measurement result was 1 or less and 0.2 mg / l or less of phosphate, and the experiment was switched to a long-term water-free experiment.
硝酸塩の蓄積が無く濃度が均衡している理由に、刺胞動物門の飼育環境改善により、飾り珊瑚の中に自然にできた嫌気域（多孔質の石の内部に貧酸素域が形成される）の脱窒菌が、刺胞動物門が放出するムコ多糖体と言われる粘膜などを炭素源にして脱窒を行い、硝酸塩の均衡に寄与しているものと思われる。 The reason why there is no nitrate accumulation and the concentration is balanced is that an anaerobic area formed naturally in the decoration cage (an anoxic area is formed inside the porous stone) by improving the breeding environment of the Cnidaria ) Denitrifying bacteria are considered to contribute to the nitrate balance by denitrifying mucopolysaccharides released by the cnidaria, using the mucosa called mucopolysaccharide as a carbon source.
また、リン酸塩の蓄積が無く濃度が均衡している理由に、徐々に鉄成分を溶出させるために設けた、表面に鉄成分を結着させた飾り珊瑚の鉄イオンがリン酸イオンと結合して、リン酸鉄となり吸収されるものと思われる。 In addition, the iron ions of the decorative ornaments, which are provided to gradually elute iron components and bind the iron components on the surface, bind to phosphate ions because the concentration is balanced without phosphate accumulation. Thus, it appears that iron phosphate is absorbed.
飼育設備は、９０×４５×４５の水槽に３分割式オーバーフロー濾過糟（濾材：珊瑚砂）にプロテインスキマーを設け、照明に３０Ｗ蛍光灯２本を使用し、水槽内に飾り珊瑚（ハードコーラルの骨格）、天然岩、人工模型などを配置し、パキスタンバタフライフィッシュ、ロックビューティー、タテジマキンチャクダイ、フエヤッコダイ、ホンソメワケベラを飼育するにあたり高品質を謳った人工海水を使い、一ヶ月又は硝酸塩濃度２５ｍｇ／lに達しない前に５０％の換水を行った飼育環境の成立した水槽において、換水時に請求項２に記載した塩析出により減少した塩分量を粉末塩類により補った、輸送コストを抑えた低価格の濃縮天然海水を希釈後の比重１．０１８〜１．０２０に調整し、人工海水と閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水と比較調査した。 The breeding equipment is a 90 x 45 x 45 aquarium with a three-part overflow filter bowl (filter material: dredged sand) with a protein skimmer, two 30W fluorescent lamps for lighting, and a decorative bowl (hard coral Skeleton), natural rocks, artificial models, etc., using artificial seawater with high quality to raise Pakistan butterfly fish, rock beauty, vertebrate butterflyfish, fried oyster dairy, honsomekebera, one month or a nitrate concentration of 25 mg / l In a tank where a breeding environment was established in which 50% of the water was replaced before being replaced, the salt content reduced by salt precipitation as claimed in claim 2 was compensated with powdered salts at the time of water replacement, and low-cost concentrated natural products with reduced transportation costs Concentration with seawater adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.018 to 1.020 after dilution, and component correction suitable for artificial seawater and closed circulation And comparative study with natural seawater.
比較調査第一回目の換水で、請求項２に記載した濃縮天然海水を希釈後の比重１．０２０に調整し、昆布の化石粉末を用いカルシウム化合物を補給し、表面に鉄成分を結着させた飾り珊瑚をセットし、人工海水５０％と濃縮天然海水５０％にする。 In the first water change of the comparative study, the concentrated natural seawater described in claim 2 is adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.020 after dilution, and a calcium compound is replenished using kelp fossil powder to bind iron components to the surface. Set the decorative jars to 50% artificial seawater and 50% concentrated natural seawater.
請求項２の閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水の効果は後日現れ、魚たちも体色の輝きがよくなり、特にキンチャクダイ科の動きが活発になった。 The effect of the concentrated natural seawater with the component correction suitable for the closed circulation according to claim 2 appeared later, and the fishes also became brighter in color, and the movement of the dinosaur family became particularly active.
その後、４０日目に硝酸塩濃度が２５ｍｇ／lに近づいたため、第二回目の換水を比重１．０１８に修正し行った。その時のリン酸塩の測定値は０．２ｍｇ／l以下であり、実施例１同様にリン酸塩の蓄積が無く濃度が均衡している。 Then, since the nitrate concentration approached 25 mg / l on the 40th day, the second replacement water was corrected to a specific gravity of 1.018. The measured value of phosphate at that time is 0.2 mg / l or less, and there is no accumulation of phosphate as in Example 1, and the concentration is balanced.
第三回目以後の換水も比重１．０１８を継続した結果、換水周期は平均４０日〜４５日で推移したため、硝酸塩蓄積濃度を２０ｍｇ／lに改めたが、一ヶ月以上は無換水が可能であり、人工海水を凌ぐ改善効果が認められた。また、請求項２の閉鎖循環に適する成分補正をした濃縮天然海水を使用して以来、病気の発生は無くなり閉鎖循環に適応することも確認された。 As a result of continuing the specific gravity of 1.018 for the third and subsequent times, the water exchange cycle changed from 40 days to 45 days on average, so the nitrate accumulation concentration was changed to 20 mg / l, but non-exchangeable water is possible for more than a month. There was an improvement effect over artificial seawater. It has also been confirmed that since the use of concentrated natural seawater with component correction suitable for closed circulation according to claim 2, the occurrence of illness is eliminated and adaptation to closed circulation is achieved.
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