JP2011206685A - Reaction control method - Google Patents

Reaction control method Download PDF

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JP2011206685A
JP2011206685A JP2010077088A JP2010077088A JP2011206685A JP 2011206685 A JP2011206685 A JP 2011206685A JP 2010077088 A JP2010077088 A JP 2010077088A JP 2010077088 A JP2010077088 A JP 2010077088A JP 2011206685 A JP2011206685 A JP 2011206685A
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pressure
pressure vessel
reaction
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control method
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JP5567880B2 (en
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Katsumi Matsui
克己 松井
Kazuhiko Tsuneyoda
和彦 常世田
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reaction control method which can allow a reaction apparatus having a pressure vessel to be manufactured at low cost since it is not necessary to design the pressure vessel having high withstanding pressure and which can improve the packing ratio of a raw material in the pressure vessel and flexibly cope with reaction conditions.SOLUTION: The reaction control method, in which the reaction apparatus 100 having a back pressure valve V2 on a gas discharge line 111 of the pressure vessel 110 is used, includes the steps of: presetting a set value of the back pressure valve V2 to the pressure to be kept in the pressure vessel 110 when a reaction is advanced; supplying the raw material to the pressure vessel 110; actuating the back pressure valve V2 and advancing the reaction while keeping the pressure in the pressure vessel equal to or lower than the preset set value. As a result, the reaction apparatus can be manufactured at low cost since it is not necessary to design the pressure vessel 110 having high withstanding pressure, the packing ratio of the raw material in the pressure vessel can be improved since the pressure is kept constant, and the reaction control method can flexibly cope with reaction conditions since the back pressure valve V2 is arranged on the side of the gas discharge line separately from the pressure vessel 110 and the pressure vessel 110 having the strength corresponding to the reaction conditions is used.

Description

本発明は、圧力容器のガス排出路に背圧弁を有する反応装置を用いた反応制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a reaction control method using a reaction apparatus having a back pressure valve in a gas discharge path of a pressure vessel.

従来、反応ガスが発生する反応をさせる場合に圧力容器を用いて、閉ざされた空間で反応させる方法が知られている（たとえば特許文献１参照）。特許文献１記載の水素ガス発生方法は、簡単な設備（圧力容器）と容易に入手可能な材料（金属及びアルカリ）とにより効率的に高圧の水素ガスを発生させている。このような方法では、圧力容器に許容限度を超えて負担をかけないように発生するガスや溶媒の蒸気圧等分圧を考慮して原材料の投入量を決定している。   Conventionally, a method of reacting in a closed space using a pressure vessel when a reaction in which a reaction gas is generated is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). The hydrogen gas generation method described in Patent Document 1 efficiently generates high-pressure hydrogen gas using simple equipment (pressure vessel) and easily available materials (metal and alkali). In such a method, the input amount of the raw material is determined in consideration of the partial pressure equal to the vapor pressure of the gas or solvent generated so as not to put a burden on the pressure vessel beyond the allowable limit.

一方、反応容器の中には、そのガス排出路に背圧弁を有するものが知られている（たとえば特許文献２参照）。特許文献２記載の金属フッ化物の製造方法は、無水フッ化水素酸および無水金属を反応容器に導入し、金属フッ化物生成物を得ている。そして反応後に、発生したガス状生成物を、自動調節ガス背圧弁を介して排出している。   On the other hand, some reaction vessels have a back pressure valve in the gas discharge path (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In the method for producing metal fluoride described in Patent Document 2, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and anhydrous metal are introduced into a reaction vessel to obtain a metal fluoride product. And after reaction, the generated gaseous product is discharged | emitted via the automatic control gas back pressure valve.

特開２００４−２１０５９１号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-210591 特表２００６−５０４６１７号公報JP-T-2006-504617

しかしながら、上記の特許文献１や特許文献２記載のような方法では、圧力と温度が圧力容器のスペックを決める大きな要因となっており、不必要に圧力容器を強靱に製作する必要が生じる。このように過大な圧力と反応温度を想定する必要が生じると、圧力容器の肉厚等を厚く見積もることで、コストが高くなる。   However, in the methods as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, pressure and temperature are major factors that determine the specifications of the pressure vessel, and it becomes unnecessary to manufacture the pressure vessel unnecessarily. When it is necessary to assume an excessive pressure and reaction temperature in this way, the cost increases by estimating the thickness of the pressure vessel to be thick.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、圧力容器の耐圧力を高く設計する必要を無くし、低コスト化でき、充填率を向上するとともに、反応の条件に柔軟に対応できる反応制御方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, eliminates the need to design a pressure vessel with a high pressure resistance, reduces costs, improves the filling rate, and can flexibly respond to reaction conditions. It is an object to provide a reaction control method.

（１）上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の反応制御方法は、圧力容器のガス排出路に背圧弁を有する反応装置を用いた反応制御方法であって、背圧弁の設定値を反応時に圧力容器内で維持したい圧力に設定する工程と、前記圧力容器に原料を供給する工程と、前記背圧弁により、前記圧力容器内の圧力を設定値以下に維持しつつ、反応を進行させる工程とを含むことを特徴としている。   (1) In order to achieve the above object, the reaction control method of the present invention is a reaction control method using a reaction device having a back pressure valve in the gas discharge passage of the pressure vessel, and the set value of the back pressure valve is changed during the reaction. A step of setting the pressure to be maintained in the pressure vessel; a step of supplying a raw material to the pressure vessel; and a step of causing the reaction to proceed while maintaining the pressure in the pressure vessel below a set value by the back pressure valve. It is characterized by including.

これにより、圧力容器内の圧力が一定以下に維持され、圧力容器の耐圧力を高く設計する必要を無くし、反応装置を低コスト化できる。また、圧力が一定に決まることから、圧力容器内の原料の充填率を向上できる。   As a result, the pressure in the pressure vessel is maintained below a certain level, and it is not necessary to design the pressure vessel with a high pressure resistance, thereby reducing the cost of the reaction apparatus. Further, since the pressure is determined to be constant, the filling rate of the raw material in the pressure vessel can be improved.

（２）また、本発明の圧力制御方法は、前記背圧弁の設定値を前記圧力容器の耐圧力に応じて決まる値に設定することを特徴としている。これにより、圧力容器の耐圧力に応じて背圧弁で維持しようとする値を設定し、効率的に反応を進行させることができる。   (2) Further, the pressure control method of the present invention is characterized in that the set value of the back pressure valve is set to a value determined according to the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel. Thereby, the value which it is going to maintain with a back pressure valve according to the pressure resistance of a pressure vessel can be set, and reaction can be advanced efficiently.

（３）また、本発明の圧力制御方法は、前記背圧弁の設定値を、８ＭＰａ以上に設定し、前記圧力容器に、原料としてアンモニアおよび金属カルシウムを供給し、１００℃付近の温度で反応を進行させることを特徴としている。このように設定することで、アンモニアを溶媒として用いた金属カルシウムとの反応において、十分な速度で効率的に反応を進行させることができる。   (3) Further, in the pressure control method of the present invention, the set value of the back pressure valve is set to 8 MPa or more, ammonia and metallic calcium are supplied as raw materials to the pressure vessel, and the reaction is performed at a temperature around 100 ° C. It is characterized by progress. By setting in this way, in the reaction with metallic calcium using ammonia as a solvent, the reaction can be efficiently advanced at a sufficient rate.

本発明によれば、圧力容器の耐圧力を高く設計する必要を無くし、低コスト化でき、充填率を向上できるとともに、反応の条件に柔軟に対応できる。   According to the present invention, it is not necessary to design the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel to be high, the cost can be reduced, the filling rate can be improved, and the reaction conditions can be flexibly dealt with.

本発明に用いられる反応装置の構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the reaction apparatus used for this invention.

次に、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。説明の理解を容易にするため、各図面において同一の構成要素に対しては同一の参照番号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In order to facilitate understanding of the description, the same reference numerals are given to the same components in the respective drawings, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

（反応装置）
図１は、反応装置１００の構成を示す模式図である。反応装置１００は、ガスの発生を伴う反応を進行させる際に用いられる。図１に示すように、反応装置１００は、圧力容器１１０、導入弁Ｖ１、ガス排出路１１１、背圧弁Ｖ２、バイパス１１２、バイパス弁Ｖ３、除害部１５０により構成されている。 (Reactor)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the reaction apparatus 100. The reactor 100 is used when a reaction involving the generation of gas proceeds. As shown in FIG. 1, the reaction apparatus 100 includes a pressure vessel 110, an introduction valve V 1, a gas discharge path 111, a back pressure valve V 2, a bypass 112, a bypass valve V 3, and an abatement part 150.

圧力容器１１０は、内部を密閉可能な容器であり、内部の温度と圧力を制御し、ガスの発生を伴う反応を進行させる。導入弁Ｖ１の開閉により、圧力容器１１０には原料を導入可能となっている。ガスの発生を伴う反応には、たとえばアンモニアを溶媒として用いた金属カルシウムとの反応が挙げられる。この場合には、水素とアンモニアの混合ガスが発生する。   The pressure vessel 110 is a vessel whose inside can be sealed, controls the temperature and pressure inside, and advances the reaction accompanied by the generation of gas. The raw material can be introduced into the pressure vessel 110 by opening and closing the introduction valve V1. Examples of the reaction accompanied by gas generation include a reaction with metallic calcium using ammonia as a solvent. In this case, a mixed gas of hydrogen and ammonia is generated.

ガス排出路１１１は、圧力容器１１０に接続し、圧力容器１１０内で反応により発生したガスを排出する。背圧弁Ｖ２は、圧力容器１１０のガス排出路１１１に設けられ、用いる圧力容器１１０に応じて背圧弁Ｖ２で維持しようとする値を設定できる。たとえば圧力容器１１０側の圧力を８ＭＰａ等の設定値に維持可能である。   The gas discharge path 111 is connected to the pressure vessel 110 and discharges the gas generated by the reaction in the pressure vessel 110. The back pressure valve V2 is provided in the gas discharge path 111 of the pressure vessel 110, and a value to be maintained by the back pressure valve V2 can be set according to the pressure vessel 110 to be used. For example, the pressure on the pressure vessel 110 side can be maintained at a set value such as 8 MPa.

アンモニアと金属カルシウムとの反応の場合、アンモニアは約１００℃、８ＭＰａで溶媒（液体）として存在でき、発生するガスの分圧分、圧力容器１１０の耐圧力を高く設計する必要が無くなる。このように、背圧弁Ｖ２により、圧力容器１１０内部の圧力が常に一定以下となるため、圧力容器１１０への原料充填量を容器容量いっぱいに取ることができる。その結果、圧力容器１１０のスペックを下げ、原料の充填率を最大にすることができる。   In the case of a reaction between ammonia and metallic calcium, ammonia can exist as a solvent (liquid) at about 100 ° C. and 8 MPa, eliminating the need to design the partial pressure of the generated gas and the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel 110 high. In this way, the pressure inside the pressure vessel 110 is always below a certain level by the back pressure valve V2, so that the amount of raw material charged into the pressure vessel 110 can be made full. As a result, the specifications of the pressure vessel 110 can be lowered, and the raw material filling rate can be maximized.

その場合、反応ガスにより８ＭＰａを超えた排ガスは、ガス排出路１１１、背圧弁Ｖ２を通って除害部１５０へ流入する。バイパス１１２は、背圧弁Ｖ２を機能させている間はバイパス弁Ｖ３を閉じて用いられず、圧力容器１１０に残ったガスを排出する際に用いられる。排出されたガスは、除害部１５０へ流入する。   In that case, the exhaust gas exceeding 8 MPa due to the reaction gas flows into the abatement part 150 through the gas discharge path 111 and the back pressure valve V2. The bypass 112 is not used while the bypass valve V3 is closed while the back pressure valve V2 is functioning, and is used when the gas remaining in the pressure vessel 110 is discharged. The exhausted gas flows into the abatement part 150.

除害部１５０は、背圧弁Ｖ２のガス排出側に設けられ、発生したガスを除害処理する。なお、除害部１５０は有害なガスを処理するものであり、有害なガスが発生しない場合には必要ない。そのような場合には、そのままガスを外部に放出してもよい。   The abatement part 150 is provided on the gas discharge side of the back pressure valve V2, and performs the abatement process on the generated gas. The abatement part 150 is for treating harmful gas and is not necessary when no harmful gas is generated. In such a case, the gas may be discharged to the outside as it is.

（反応制御方法）
次に、反応装置１００を用いた反応制御方法の一例として、アンモニアと金属カルシウムとの反応に反応装置１００を用いた場合を説明する。まず、背圧弁Ｖ２の設定値を反応時に圧力容器１１０内で維持したい圧力に設定する。背圧弁Ｖ２について、圧力容器１１０の内部の圧力の設定値は、８ＭＰａに限定されないが、設定値は８ＭＰａ以上に設定されていることが好ましい。このように設定することで、アンモニアを溶媒として用いた金属カルシウムとの反応において、１００℃付近の温度で十分な速度で反応を進行させることができる。 (Reaction control method)
Next, as an example of a reaction control method using the reaction apparatus 100, a case where the reaction apparatus 100 is used for the reaction between ammonia and metallic calcium will be described. First, the set value of the back pressure valve V2 is set to a pressure desired to be maintained in the pressure vessel 110 during the reaction. Regarding the back pressure valve V2, the set value of the pressure inside the pressure vessel 110 is not limited to 8 MPa, but the set value is preferably set to 8 MPa or more. By setting in this way, in the reaction with calcium metal using ammonia as a solvent, the reaction can be allowed to proceed at a sufficient rate at a temperature near 100 ° C.

次に、金属カルシウムを圧力容器１１０内に供給し、導入弁Ｖ１を開けて原料のアンモニアを圧力容器１１０に導入する。このとき、バイパス弁Ｖ３は閉じておく。そして、圧力容器１１０において、アンモニアを溶媒として用い、金属カルシウムと反応させる。その結果として水素とアンモニアの混合ガスが発生する。   Next, metallic calcium is supplied into the pressure vessel 110, and the introduction valve V <b> 1 is opened to introduce the raw material ammonia into the pressure vessel 110. At this time, the bypass valve V3 is closed. Then, in the pressure vessel 110, ammonia is used as a solvent and reacted with metallic calcium. As a result, a mixed gas of hydrogen and ammonia is generated.

反応時には、背圧弁Ｖ２は、圧力容器１１０内の圧力を設定値以下に維持する。なお、圧力容器１１０の耐圧力に応じて背圧弁Ｖ２で維持しようとする値に設定し、効率的に反応を進行させることができる。反応終了後、残った残ガスは除害部１５０へ送る。なお、原料は、導入弁Ｖ１を介さずに圧力容器１１０の蓋を開けて投入してもよい。   During the reaction, the back pressure valve V2 maintains the pressure in the pressure vessel 110 below a set value. In addition, it can set to the value which it is going to maintain with the back pressure valve V2 according to the pressure resistance of the pressure vessel 110, and reaction can be advanced efficiently. After the reaction is completed, the remaining gas is sent to the abatement part 150. The raw material may be introduced by opening the lid of the pressure vessel 110 without going through the introduction valve V1.

（実施例）
上記のような反応装置１００を用いて実験を行った。まず、背圧弁Ｖ２を閉じた状態（機能させない状態）で、圧力容器１１０の内部に金属カルシウムを設置し、アンモニアを導入した。そして、１００℃、２時間でアンモニアと金属カルシウムとを反応させた。このとき、圧力容器１１０内の圧力を測定したところ、１２ＭＰａまで上昇した。したがって、背圧弁Ｖ２を機能させない場合には、高い耐圧力を有する圧力容器１１０が必要になることが分かった。 (Example)
Experiments were performed using the reactor 100 as described above. First, in a state where the back pressure valve V2 was closed (a state in which the back pressure valve V2 was not functioned), metallic calcium was installed inside the pressure vessel 110, and ammonia was introduced. Then, ammonia and metallic calcium were reacted at 100 ° C. for 2 hours. At this time, when the pressure in the pressure vessel 110 was measured, it increased to 12 MPa. Therefore, it was found that when the back pressure valve V2 is not functioned, the pressure vessel 110 having a high pressure resistance is required.

また、背圧弁Ｖ２を８ＭＰａに設定し、上記と同様の条件で圧力容器１１０の内部に金属カルシウムを設置し、アンモニアを導入した。そして、１００℃でアンモニアと金属カルシウムとを反応させた。その際、背圧弁Ｖ２を用いて圧力容器１１０内の圧力を８ＭＰａ以下に維持し２時間運転した。発生した水素とアンモニアとの混合ガスは除害部１５０に流入させて処理した。この実験の結果、８ＭＰａを超える程度の耐圧力を有する圧力容器１１０を用いれば十分であることが実証された。   Further, the back pressure valve V2 was set to 8 MPa, metallic calcium was installed inside the pressure vessel 110 under the same conditions as described above, and ammonia was introduced. And ammonia and metal calcium were made to react at 100 degreeC. At that time, using the back pressure valve V2, the pressure in the pressure vessel 110 was maintained at 8 MPa or less and operated for 2 hours. The generated mixed gas of hydrogen and ammonia was flowed into the abatement part 150 for treatment. As a result of this experiment, it was proved that it was sufficient to use the pressure vessel 110 having a pressure resistance exceeding 8 MPa.

１００ 反応装置
１１０ 圧力容器
１１１ ガス排出路
１１２ バイパス
１５０ 除害部
Ｖ１ 導入弁
Ｖ２ 背圧弁
Ｖ３ バイパス弁 100 reactor 110 pressure vessel 111 gas discharge path 112 bypass 150 abatement part V1 introduction valve V2 back pressure valve V3 bypass valve

Claims (3)

圧力容器のガス排出路に背圧弁を有する反応装置を用いた反応制御方法であって、
背圧弁の設定値を反応時に圧力容器内で維持したい圧力に設定する工程と、
前記圧力容器に原料を供給する工程と、
前記背圧弁により、前記圧力容器内の圧力を設定値以下に維持しつつ、反応を進行させる工程とを含むことを特徴とする反応制御方法。 A reaction control method using a reactor having a back pressure valve in a gas discharge path of a pressure vessel,
A step of setting the back pressure valve set value to a pressure to be maintained in the pressure vessel during the reaction;
Supplying raw materials to the pressure vessel;
And a step of causing the reaction to proceed while maintaining the pressure in the pressure vessel below a set value by the back pressure valve. 前記背圧弁の設定値を前記圧力容器の耐圧力に応じて決まる値に設定することを特徴とする請求項１記載の反応制御方法。   The reaction control method according to claim 1, wherein a set value of the back pressure valve is set to a value determined according to a pressure resistance of the pressure vessel. 前記背圧弁の設定値を、８ＭＰａ以上に設定し、
前記圧力容器に、原料としてアンモニアおよび金属カルシウムを供給し、
１００℃付近の温度で反応を進行させることを特徴とする請求項１記載の反応制御方法。 The set value of the back pressure valve is set to 8 MPa or more,
Ammonia and metallic calcium are supplied as raw materials to the pressure vessel,
The reaction control method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is allowed to proceed at a temperature around 100 ° C.
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