JP2011177786A - Welding rod - Google Patents

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JP2011177786A
JP2011177786A JP2011018440A JP2011018440A JP2011177786A JP 2011177786 A JP2011177786 A JP 2011177786A JP 2011018440 A JP2011018440 A JP 2011018440A JP 2011018440 A JP2011018440 A JP 2011018440A JP 2011177786 A JP2011177786 A JP 2011177786A
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inoculum
welding
core wire
welding rod
arc
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JP5682088B2 (en
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Takuro Umetani
拓郎 梅谷
Tetsuo Harada
哲男 原田
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Hinode Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a welding rod that is applicable to joining by welding between members made of spheroidal graphite cast iron and to repairing by welding of these members, that produces a weld zone having mechanical properties comparable to those of a base material, and that excels in welding workability as well as in appearance. <P>SOLUTION: The welding rod includes a core wire made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, an inoculation agent formed on the outer periphery of the core wire, and a coating formed on the outer periphery of the inoculation agent. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材同士の溶接接合、および、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材の補修溶接に適した溶接棒に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a welding rod suitable for welding joining of members made of spheroidal graphite cast iron and repair welding of members made of spheroidal graphite cast iron.

球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、高強度・高靱性を有しており、形状の自由度が高いため、形状の最適化を図ることができる。そのため、従来、複数の部品を溶接、ボルト結合等によって構成していた部材を一体成形することにより軽量化を図ることができる。
また、球状黒鉛鋳鉄は鋼材と比較して安価な材料であることから、鋼材に替わる材料として各種産業機械部品への適用が拡大している。
しかしながら、球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、鋼材と比較して著しく溶接性が悪く、強度が必要となる部分への溶接は実用化の域に達していない。
さらに、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材の割れ等の破損に対する補修が困難であることが、球状黒鉛鋳鉄を利用する際の懸案事項となっている。
Spheroidal graphite cast iron has high strength and high toughness, and has a high degree of freedom in shape, so that the shape can be optimized. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the weight by integrally molding a member that has conventionally been formed by welding, bolting, or the like.
In addition, since spheroidal graphite cast iron is an inexpensive material compared to steel, its application to various industrial machine parts is expanding as a material that replaces steel.
However, spheroidal graphite cast iron has remarkably poor weldability as compared with steel materials, and welding to a portion where strength is required has not yet reached the point of practical use.
Furthermore, it is a concern when using spheroidal graphite cast iron that it is difficult to repair spheroidal graphite cast iron members such as cracks.

従来、球状黒鉛鋳鉄の補修用溶接棒として、ニッケルまたはニッケル合金を心線としたものや、母材と同じか若しくはほぼ同等の成分である球状黒鉛鋳鉄を心線とした溶接棒が用いられている。しかし、溶接部でのチル化組織の生成による強度不足や、アークが安定しないこと、さらには溶接欠陥が発生する等の多くの課題があった。
従来の球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材の溶接棒の対象は、主にFCD−450程度の母材を対象としたものである。しかし、FCD−500以上の母材と同等の強度が得られる溶接棒および溶接技術が求められていた。
Conventionally, as a welding rod for repairing spheroidal graphite cast iron, a welding rod having a core wire made of nickel or a nickel alloy or a spheroidal graphite cast iron core wire, which is the same or almost the same component as the base material, has been used. Yes. However, there are many problems such as insufficient strength due to generation of a chilled structure in the welded part, unstable arc, and generation of welding defects.
Conventional welding rods for spheroidal graphite cast iron members are mainly intended for base materials of about FCD-450. However, there has been a demand for a welding rod and a welding technique capable of obtaining the same strength as a base material of FCD-500 or higher.

上述の問題を解決するために従来から種々の提案がなされている。その1つにチル化組織の生成を防止するために心線に接種剤を被覆した溶接棒が知られている(例えば、特許文献1)。また、主にニッケルおよび鉄からなる心線に、微粒黒鉛を含有する被覆剤を塗布した鋳鉄用被覆アーク溶接棒を使用することで強度の向上を図った先行技術(例えば、特許文献2)や、接種剤を用いることで溶接金属でのチル組織の生成を防止する先行技術(例えば、特許文献3)が知られている。   Conventionally, various proposals have been made to solve the above problems. One of them is a welding rod in which a core wire is coated with an inoculum in order to prevent generation of a chilled structure (for example, Patent Document 1). Moreover, the prior art (for example, patent document 2) which aimed at the improvement in intensity | strength by using the coated arc welding rod for cast iron which apply | coated the coating agent containing a fine graphite to the core wire which mainly consists of nickel and iron, The prior art (for example, patent document 3) which prevents the production | generation of the chill structure | tissue in a weld metal by using an inoculant is known.

特開昭55−57396号公報JP-A-55-57396 特開平3−146298号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-146298 特開平11−104884号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-104884

上記特許文献1の溶接棒においては、溶接に際して溶接姿勢に制約がある上、溶接部の機械的強度の信頼性が低いという課題があった。
特許文献2の技術においても、溶接姿勢が制約されるなど溶接作業性に課題が残る。また、心線にニッケルが多く含まれているため、溶接金属の色調が母材の球状黒鉛鋳鉄の色調と異なってしまうという外観上の問題があった。
特許文献3の技術は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄の母材と軟鋼の母材との溶接に関する。鋳鉄の黒鉛化を促進させる金属または合金からなる溶接用インサート材料と接種剤とを共に母材に埋めることで接種効果を得ようとするものである。しかし、球状黒鉛鋳鉄側の溶接強度についての信頼性は十分とは言えない。また母材への接種剤の埋め込みが必要であるため、溶接作業性が劣っており、球状黒鉛鋳鉄用の溶接棒としては課題が残るものであった。
The welding rod of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the welding posture is restricted during welding and the mechanical strength of the welded portion is low in reliability.
Even in the technique of Patent Document 2, problems remain in the workability of welding, such as the welding posture being restricted. Further, since the core wire contains a large amount of nickel, there is a problem in appearance that the color tone of the weld metal is different from the color tone of the spheroidal graphite cast iron as a base material.
The technique of Patent Document 3 relates to welding of a base material of spheroidal graphite cast iron and a base material of mild steel. The inoculation effect is intended to be obtained by burying both a welding insert material made of a metal or alloy that promotes graphitization of cast iron and an inoculum in a base material. However, it cannot be said that the reliability of the weld strength on the spheroidal graphite cast iron side is sufficient. Further, since it is necessary to embed the inoculum in the base material, the welding workability is inferior, and there remains a problem as a welding rod for spheroidal graphite cast iron.

本発明の目的は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材同士の溶接接合、および、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材の補修溶接に適用でき、溶接部が母材と同等の機械的特性を有し、溶接作業性および外観にも優れた溶接棒を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is applicable to welding joining between members made of spheroidal graphite cast iron and repair welding of members made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and the welded portion has mechanical characteristics equivalent to the base material, and welding workability It is another object of the present invention to provide a welding rod excellent in appearance.

(特徴構成1)
本発明の溶接棒に係る特徴構成は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなる心線と、前記心線の外周に形成した接種剤と、前記接種剤の外周に形成した被覆剤とを備えた点にある。
(Feature configuration 1)
The characteristic structure which concerns on the welding rod of this invention exists in the point provided with the core wire which consists of spheroidal graphite cast iron, the inoculant formed in the outer periphery of the said core wire, and the coating agent formed in the outer periphery of the said inoculant.

(作用効果)
本発明に係る、球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなる心線の外周に接種剤を被覆すると共に接種剤の外周に被覆剤を被覆した溶接棒を用いることで、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材同士を溶接接合する場合、または、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材を補修溶接する場合に、接種剤の役割と被覆剤の役割とを分離することができる。即ち、心線が溶滴になる際に、心線に隣接して設けた接種剤が効率的に溶滴と反応して溶融池に添加され、接種剤の歩留まりおよび接種効果を向上させることができる。
(Function and effect)
In the case of welding the spheroidal graphite cast iron members to each other by using the welding rod that covers the outer periphery of the core wire made of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to the present invention and coats the outer periphery of the inoculum with the coating agent Alternatively, when repair welding a member made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, the role of the inoculant and the role of the coating agent can be separated. That is, when the core wire becomes a droplet, the inoculum provided adjacent to the core wire efficiently reacts with the droplet and is added to the molten pool, improving the yield of the inoculum and the inoculation effect. it can.

(特徴構成2)
本発明の溶接棒においては、前記接種剤としてフェロシリコン系のものを用いることができる。
(Feature configuration 2)
In the welding rod of the present invention, a ferrosilicon-based one can be used as the inoculum.

(効果)
前記接種剤としてフェロシリコン系のものを用いることで、接種剤に含まれる添加成分を溶融池に投入する際に、溶接アークが添加成分に及ぼす熱影響を軽減しつつ添加効率を高めることができる。さらに、カルシウムを大量に含むカルシウム−シリコン系の接種剤と比較して溶接金属中へのスラグ残留を軽減することも出来る。
(effect)
By using a ferrosilicon-based one as the inoculum, the addition efficiency can be increased while reducing the thermal effect of the welding arc on the additive component when the additive component contained in the inoculum is introduced into the molten pool. . Furthermore, slag residue in the weld metal can be reduced as compared with a calcium-silicon inoculum containing a large amount of calcium.

(特徴構成3)
本発明の溶接棒においては、前記心線の外周に水ガラスを有する固着剤を塗布し、この固着剤の外周に前記接種剤を形成することができる。
(Characteristic configuration 3)
In the welding rod of the present invention, a sticking agent having water glass can be applied to the outer periphery of the core wire, and the inoculum can be formed on the outer periphery of the sticking agent.

(作用効果)
心線の外周に固着剤を塗布し、これに接種剤を被覆することで、接種剤が心線から脱落することを防止し、安定した接種効果を得ることができる。
また、水ガラスにフッ化物を混合させた場合には、スラグと溶滴の表面張力を除去し、精錬反応(脱酸素・脱水素・脱燐等)を促進させることができ、併せて、フッ素ガスによって溶滴を大気からシールドするガスシールド効果が発揮される。
(Function and effect)
By applying a sticking agent to the outer periphery of the core wire and coating the inoculum with this, it is possible to prevent the inoculum from falling off the core wire and to obtain a stable inoculation effect.
In addition, when fluoride is mixed in water glass, the surface tension of slag and droplets can be removed, and the refining reaction (deoxygenation, dehydrogenation, dephosphorization, etc.) can be promoted. The gas shielding effect of shielding the droplets from the atmosphere by the gas is exhibited.

(特徴構成4)
本発明の溶接棒においては、前記接種剤として粉末状のものを用いることができる。
(Feature configuration 4)
In the welding rod of the present invention, a powdered one can be used as the inoculum.

(作用効果)
接種剤を粉末状に構成することで、接種剤を心線に付着させる前および心線に付着させる際の取扱いが容易になる。即ち、例えば、接種剤をあらかじめ液状もしくはスラリー状のバインダに混合した場合に比べて付着作業時に接種剤が流れてしまうのを防止することができる。また、粒子と言えないほど粒径が小さい接種剤を用いようとする場合には、接種剤が凝集して付着作業が煩雑になる可能性がある。しかし、粉末状であれば、これら不都合が生じ難く、接種剤の取扱いが容易となる。
さらに、接種剤が粉末状であれば、溶融池への滴下の際に、接種剤の表面部分は高熱のアークに曝される領域があるものの、粉末の中心部分の領域はアークの熱影響を受け難く、しかも、外気に接触することなく溶融池に添加することができる。よって、添加成分が変質することなく溶融池への添加が担保されるため、所期の機械的特性を備えた溶接部を得易くなる。
(Function and effect)
By constructing the inoculum in powder form, it becomes easy to handle the inoculum before adhering to the core wire and when adhering to the core wire. That is, for example, it is possible to prevent the inoculum from flowing during the adhering operation as compared with a case where the inoculum is mixed with a liquid or slurry binder in advance. Moreover, when trying to use an inoculant having a particle size that is too small to be said to be a particle, the inoculant may aggregate and the adhering operation may become complicated. However, when in powder form, these inconveniences are unlikely to occur and handling of the inoculum becomes easy.
Furthermore, if the inoculum is in powder form, the surface area of the inoculum is exposed to a high-temperature arc when dripping into the molten pool, but the area of the central part of the powder is affected by the heat of the arc. It is difficult to receive and can be added to the molten pool without contact with the outside air. Therefore, since the addition to the molten pool is ensured without alteration of the additive component, it becomes easy to obtain a welded portion having desired mechanical characteristics.

(特徴構成5)
本発明の溶接棒においては、前記被覆剤の成分として、C:9〜28%、CaF2:8〜16%、CaO:5〜30%、CaCO3:19〜37%、Fe−Si:2〜20%、Fe−Mn:2〜20%、Cu:1〜10%、Na2O・nSiO2:9〜24%および不可避成分としたものを用いることができる。但し、nはモル比である。
(Feature configuration 5)
In the welding rod of the present invention, C: 9 to 28%, CaF 2 : 8 to 16%, CaO: 5 to 30%, CaCO 3 : 19 to 37%, Fe—Si: 2 as the components of the coating agent. ~20%, Fe-Mn: 2~20 %, Cu: 1~10%, Na 2 O · nSiO 2: it can be used those with 9-24% and an unavoidable component. However, n is a molar ratio.

(作用効果)
被覆剤は、アーク熱で損耗する元素を補充し、スラグ−メタル反応の促進による精錬作用、スラグの流動性およびスラグの量を適正に保つことにより、溶接作業性を向上させ、脱酸効果を発揮するとともに、溶融池を大気から保護する。
なお、スラグ−メタル反応とは、溶接棒の被覆剤はアーク熱で溶融・脱落し、溶融池の上面にスラグとして被さるが、このスラグと溶融池の間で生じる脱酸・脱水素等の精錬反応とスラグから溶融池への合金添加反応のことをいう。
当該被覆剤のうち、特にCを9〜28%含有することで、接種剤が溶接アークの熱影響を受けるのを有効に抑制する効果が見られた。
(Function and effect)
The coating material supplements the elements that are worn out by arc heat, maintains the refining action by promoting the slag-metal reaction, the fluidity of the slag and the amount of slag, thereby improving the welding workability and the deoxidizing effect. Demonstrate and protect the molten pool from the atmosphere.
The slag-metal reaction means that the welding rod coating melts and falls off by arc heat and covers the upper surface of the molten pool as slag, and refining such as deoxidation and dehydrogenation that occurs between this slag and the molten pool. It refers to the reaction and the alloy addition reaction from the slag to the molten pool.
Among these coating agents, the effect of effectively suppressing the inoculating agent from being affected by the heat of the welding arc was found by containing 9 to 28% of C in particular.

(概要)
本発明は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材同士を溶接し、或いは、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材を補修溶接する際に用いる溶接棒に関するものである。本発明の溶接棒は、特に、球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなる心線と、この心線の外周に形成した接種剤、さらに、この接種剤の外周に形成した被覆剤とを備えている点に特徴を有する。以下、各表を参考にしつつ本発明の溶接棒につき説明する。
(Overview)
The present invention relates to a welding rod used when welding spheroidal graphite cast iron members or repair welding a spheroidal graphite cast iron member. The welding rod of the present invention is particularly characterized in that it comprises a core wire made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, an inoculant formed on the outer periphery of the core wire, and a coating agent formed on the outer periphery of the inoculant. Have. Hereinafter, the welding rod of the present invention will be described with reference to each table.

(心線)
心線は、溶接棒の中心に配置された材料である。本実施例では、心線の材質は球状黒鉛鋳鉄(FCD−450相当)とした。この心線の材質は、FCD−450相当に限定されるものではなく適宜選択可能である。心線の形状は、例えば長さを350mm、直径を5mmとした。なお、溶接棒の長さ・直径についても、この寸法に限定されるものではなく適宜設定可能である。
また、心線の形状として、心端の直径を3.5mm、根元の直径を4mmにするなど、適宜テーパ形状としてもよい。テーパ状にすることでアークスタート時のアーク電流の密度が高まり、再アーク性が良くなる。
(Core)
The core wire is a material arranged at the center of the welding rod. In this example, the material of the core wire was spheroidal graphite cast iron (equivalent to FCD-450). The material of this core wire is not limited to FCD-450 and can be selected as appropriate. The shape of the core wire was, for example, 350 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter. The length and diameter of the welding rod are not limited to these dimensions and can be set as appropriate.
Further, as the shape of the core wire, the diameter of the end of the core may be 3.5 mm and the diameter of the root may be 4 mm as appropriate. The taper shape increases the arc current density at the start of the arc and improves the re-arcing property.

心線の化学成分(重量%)の一例を表1に示す。表中、「Bal」は、Balance(残分)の略であり、表示成分の残りの殆どは鉄という意味である。   An example of the chemical composition (wt%) of the core wire is shown in Table 1. In the table, “Bal” is an abbreviation for Balance, and most of the display components mean iron.

Figure 2011177786
Figure 2011177786

(接種剤)
本発明の溶接棒においては、接種剤は心線の周りに配置される。心線の外周に接種剤を形成することにより、溶接時に、接種剤が溶融池に効果的に添加され、溶接金属中に、チル・マルテンサイトの生成を抑制することができる。溶接に際して、接種剤は溶接アークによって溶かされ、溶融池に滴下される。接種剤に含める成分元素は、溶接部の機械的特性が母材特性を上回るように設計される。本発明に係る接種剤の一実施例を表2に示す。
(Inoculum)
In the welding rod of the present invention, the inoculum is arranged around the core wire. By forming the inoculant on the outer periphery of the core wire, the inoculant is effectively added to the molten pool during welding, and generation of chill martensite can be suppressed in the weld metal. During welding, the inoculum is melted by the welding arc and dropped into the molten pool. The constituent elements included in the inoculum are designed so that the mechanical properties of the weld are superior to those of the base material. An example of the inoculum according to the present invention is shown in Table 2.

Figure 2011177786
Figure 2011177786

接種剤としては、Fe−Si(フェロシリコン)系のものが好適である。さらに、Fe−Si(フェロシリコン)に対して微量のAlおよびCaを添加してある。実施例の一つとしては表2に示したとおりであるが、各成分組成は、例えば、Si:30〜80%、Al:0.5〜3.0%、Ca:0.1〜1.0%、残部はFeおよび不可避成分元素とするごとく、所定の成分幅をもたせることができる。
上記接種剤の成分により、溶接金属の黒鉛化を促進することでチルの抑制を図り、溶接部の脆化および硬化を抑制することができる。
なお、接種剤中のSiは30〜80%のものを添加することにより黒鉛化が著しく促進される。また、AlおよびCaはSiの効果を補うために微量に添加するものであり、黒鉛化の促進および脱酸効果を得ることができる。
鋳鉄の凝固はマウラーの組織図で示されるようにSiが高いほど黒鉛系の共晶凝固反応となり、チルを抑制し、靭性を向上させる効果がある。よって、Siを30〜80%と多量に含むFe−Si合金をベースとした接種剤を選定した。また、Ca,Alも黒鉛化を促進する元素であり、Siによる黒鉛化促進効果を補足するために微量配合している。
As the inoculum, an Fe-Si (ferrosilicon) type is suitable. Furthermore, trace amounts of Al and Ca are added to Fe—Si (ferrosilicon). One example is as shown in Table 2, but the composition of each component is, for example, Si: 30-80%, Al: 0.5-3.0%, Ca: 0.1-1. It is possible to give a predetermined component width such that 0% and the balance are Fe and inevitable component elements.
The inoculant component promotes graphitization of the weld metal, thereby suppressing chill and preventing the weld from becoming brittle and hardened.
In addition, graphitization is remarkably accelerated by adding Si in the inoculum of 30 to 80%. Al and Ca are added in a small amount to supplement the effect of Si, and can promote graphitization and have a deoxidizing effect.
As shown in the structural diagram of Maurer, solidification of cast iron becomes a graphite-based eutectic solidification reaction as Si is higher, and has the effect of suppressing chill and improving toughness. Therefore, an inoculum based on a Fe-Si alloy containing Si in a large amount of 30 to 80% was selected. Ca and Al are also elements that promote graphitization, and are added in small amounts to supplement the graphitization promoting effect of Si.

接種剤には、フッ化物を添加してもよい。これにより接種剤の酸化を防止することができる。つまり、被覆剤中の炭酸塩(例えば、CaCO3,BaCO3等)は主として炭酸ガスを出すことで溶接アークを空気からシールドする。炭酸ガスはアーク熱で4000℃以上に加熱されてCO+O(O:活性酸素)となる。活性酸素は心線中もしくは大気中の水素Hと反応してO+H→OHとなる。しかし、これは非常に酸化が激しく、成分中の有用なSi等をSiO2に酸化してしまう。よって、接種剤にフッ化物を入れることで、Hをフッ化水素HFとして溶滴および溶融池の酸化を防止することができる。 Fluoride may be added to the inoculum. Thereby, oxidation of the inoculum can be prevented. That is, carbonates (eg, CaCO 3 , BaCO 3, etc.) in the coating mainly shield the welding arc from the air by releasing carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide gas is heated to 4000 ° C. or higher by arc heat to become CO + O (O: active oxygen). The active oxygen reacts with hydrogen H in the core wire or in the atmosphere to become O + H → OH. However, this is very oxidative, and useful Si or the like in the component is oxidized to SiO 2 . Therefore, by adding fluoride to the inoculum, it is possible to prevent oxidation of the droplets and the molten pool by using H as hydrogen fluoride HF.

接種剤の形成量は、例えば、心線に対する重量比で1〜10%とした。接種剤の形成量を心線の重量の1〜10%とすることで、接種剤の溶け残りを抑制し、良好な接種効果を得ることができる。1%より少ないと接種効果が乏しい。一方、10%より多いと、未溶解の接種剤が溶接金属中に偏析し、溶接部の材料特性が脆化するとともに接種剤の歩留が低下する。   The amount of inoculum formed was, for example, 1 to 10% by weight ratio to the core wire. By making the formation amount of the inoculum 1 to 10% of the weight of the core wire, the undissolved residue of the inoculum can be suppressed and a good inoculation effect can be obtained. If it is less than 1%, the inoculation effect is poor. On the other hand, when it exceeds 10%, the undissolved inoculum segregates in the weld metal, the material properties of the welded portion become brittle and the yield of the inoculum decreases.

心線の外周に接種剤を付着させる際には、例えば、心線の周囲に水ガラス(3号珪酸ソーダ)からなる固着剤や、水ガラス(3号珪酸ソーダ)とフッ化物とを混合した固着剤を塗布し、この固着剤の外周に接種剤を塗布することができる。水ガラスを用いて接種剤を被覆することで、接種剤に対するアーク入熱を緩和し、接種剤の効果が不十分になるのを防止することができる。   When the inoculant is attached to the outer periphery of the core wire, for example, a sticking agent made of water glass (No. 3 sodium silicate) or water glass (No. 3 sodium silicate) and fluoride are mixed around the core wire. A sticking agent can be applied and an inoculum can be applied to the outer periphery of the sticking agent. By coating the inoculant with water glass, the arc heat input to the inoculant can be mitigated and the inoculant effect can be prevented from becoming insufficient.

この固着剤を水ガラス(3号珪酸ソーダ)とした場合、水ガラス(3号珪酸ソーダ)の塗布量は心線重量比で2〜4%とした。2%以下の場合、接種剤の付きが悪くなる。一方、4%より多くなると接種剤を塗布する時に水ガラスとともに接種剤が流れ落ちることで接種剤の塗布状態が不均一になる。   When this fixing agent was water glass (No. 3 sodium silicate), the coating amount of water glass (No. 3 sodium silicate) was 2 to 4% in terms of the weight ratio of the core wire. In the case of 2% or less, the inoculum becomes poor. On the other hand, when it exceeds 4%, the inoculum is applied nonuniformly because the inoculum flows down with the water glass when the inoculum is applied.

一方、固着剤を水ガラス(3号珪酸ソーダ)とフッ化物との混合剤とした場合にも、混合剤の塗布量は心線重量比で2〜4%とするのが良い。
接種剤の状態および付着方法は適宜設定することができる。例えば、粉末状に形成した接種剤を心線の周囲に付着させることができる。このうち粉末状の接種剤を用いる場合には、粒径は例えば2.5mm以下のものを使用するのが好ましい。粉末状であれば、心線に付着させる前の接種剤の取扱いが容易になる。さらに、溶融池への滴下の際に、高熱のアークにさらされる領域があるものの、粉末の中心部分に存在する添加成分はアークの熱影響をあまり受けないまま溶融池に滴下される。その際、粒径があまりに大き過ぎると粒子同士の間の隙間が増大して心線の被覆効率が低下する。一方、粒子と言えないほど粒径が小さくなると上記アーク熱の干渉効果が低下してしまう。よって、接種剤の粒径は、2.5mm以下のものであって、粒状であると明らかに視認できる程度のものが良い。
On the other hand, when the fixing agent is a mixture of water glass (No. 3 sodium silicate) and fluoride, the coating amount of the mixture is preferably 2 to 4% in terms of the weight ratio of the cord.
The state of the inoculum and the attachment method can be set as appropriate. For example, an inoculum formed in a powder form can be attached around the core wire. Among these, when using a powdery inoculum, it is preferable to use a particle size of 2.5 mm or less, for example. If it is in powder form, handling of the inoculant before adhering to the core becomes easy. Further, although there is a region exposed to a high-temperature arc when dropping into the molten pool, the additive components present in the central portion of the powder are dropped into the molten pool without being affected by the heat of the arc. At that time, if the particle size is too large, the gap between the particles increases and the covering efficiency of the core wire decreases. On the other hand, if the particle size is so small that it cannot be said to be a particle, the interference effect of the arc heat is reduced. Therefore, the inoculant should have a particle size of 2.5 mm or less and can be clearly recognized as being granular.

接種剤の粒の表面に銅メッキを施すこともできる。接種剤の粒の表面に銅メッキを施すことにより、接種剤の酸化を防止し、溶接金属でのパーライト組織の生成を促進させることができる。さらに通電性が向上し、アークスタートが容易となる。溶接作業中においてもアークの途切れが発生し難くなり、溶接作業性が良好なものとなる。   Copper plating can also be applied to the surface of the inoculum grains. By applying copper plating to the surface of the inoculant grains, it is possible to prevent the inoculant from being oxidized and promote the formation of a pearlite structure in the weld metal. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity is improved and the arc start is facilitated. Even during welding work, arc breakage is less likely to occur, and welding workability is improved.

(被覆剤)
本発明の溶接棒においては、上記接種剤の外周にさらに被覆剤を付着させる。被覆剤は、溶接棒の心線の周囲に塗布されたさまざまな原料粉末のことである。被覆剤を設けることで、溶接に際して溶接アークを大気から遮断し、アークを安定的に維持することができる。また、溶滴および溶融池の酸化を防止して溶接部の所期の機械的特性を確保することができる。
(Coating agent)
In the welding rod of the present invention, a coating agent is further adhered to the outer periphery of the inoculum. Coating materials are various raw material powders applied around the core wire of the welding rod. By providing the coating agent, the welding arc can be cut off from the atmosphere during welding, and the arc can be maintained stably. Further, it is possible to prevent the droplets and the molten pool from being oxidized and to ensure the desired mechanical characteristics of the welded portion.

本発明で用いる被覆剤としては、例えば、C:9〜28%、:CaF2:8〜16%、CaO:5〜30%、CaCO3:19〜37%、Fe−Si:2〜20%、Fe−Mn:2〜20%、Cu:1〜10%、Na2O・nSiO2:9〜24% および不可避成分なる成分のものを用いる。nはモル比であり、数値範囲は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば1〜4の数とする。本実施形態ではn=2の場合を例示する。
表3には、本発明の溶接棒に一例として用いた被覆剤の組成を示す。

Figure 2011177786
Examples of the coating agent used in the present invention, for example, C: 9~28% ,: CaF 2 : 8~16%, CaO: 5~30%, CaCO 3: 19~37%, Fe-Si: 2~20% , Fe-Mn: 2~20%, Cu: 1~10%, Na 2 O · nSiO 2: 9~24% and used as the inevitable component consisting component. n is a molar ratio, and the numerical range is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the case where n = 2 is illustrated.
Table 3 shows the composition of the coating used as an example for the welding rod of the present invention.
Figure 2011177786

具体的には、例えば、C:28.0%、CaF2:14.0%、CaO:14.0%、CaCO3:19.0%、Fe−Si:9.0%、Fe−Mn:5.0%、Cu:2.0%、Na2O・2SiO2:9.0%とした。 Specifically, for example, C: 28.0%, CaF 2 : 14.0%, CaO: 14.0%, CaCO 3: 19.0%, Fe-Si: 9.0%, Fe-Mn: The content was set to 5.0%, Cu: 2.0%, and Na 2 O.2SiO 2 : 9.0%.

被覆剤を接種剤の外周に被覆するときは、被覆剤が適度の硬さ、例えば、握り締めると硬く固まる程度となるように、水ガラスおよび水分を被覆剤に添加し、混練する。これを心線の外周に形成した接種剤の外周に巻きつけるようにして固着させる。   When the coating agent is coated on the outer periphery of the inoculum, water glass and moisture are added to the coating agent and kneaded so that the coating agent has an appropriate hardness, for example, hardened and solidified when squeezed. This is fixed so as to be wound around the outer periphery of the inoculum formed on the outer periphery of the core wire.

被覆剤の成分のうち、C(黒鉛)は、必要な合金成分を添加する役割である。添加の際の歩留は、酸素量およびシールドガス量の影響を受ける。アーク熱で損耗するCの補給および脱酸を行うほか、アーク電圧を低減させることによって母材の溶融度合いを低減する。また、アークが弱くなるため、接種剤に対する熱影響を緩和し、接種剤の効果が不十分になることを防止している。Cは、9〜28%の配合率で良好な作業性が得られた。9%より少ないと、炭素損耗および溶け込み過多、アークの荒れを生じた。28%より多いと、保護筒の強度低下および被覆剤の溶融不均一によるアーク切れ、弱アーク、凸ビートとなる。   Among the components of the coating agent, C (graphite) has a role of adding a necessary alloy component. The yield during the addition is affected by the amount of oxygen and the amount of shielding gas. In addition to replenishing and deoxidizing C which is worn by arc heat, the arc voltage is reduced to reduce the degree of melting of the base material. Moreover, since the arc becomes weak, the thermal effect on the inoculum is mitigated, and the inoculum is prevented from becoming insufficiently effective. C had good workability at a blending ratio of 9 to 28%. If it is less than 9%, carbon wear, excessive penetration, and arc roughness were caused. When it is more than 28%, arc breakage, weak arc, and convex beat are caused by a decrease in the strength of the protective cylinder and non-uniform melting of the coating material.

CaF2(フッ化カルシウム)は、溶滴および溶融池の表面張力を除去する。これにより、他分子の分子間結合を分解して、溶融池・スラグの表面張力を小さくし、スラグ−メタル反応を促進する。一般的には、金属フッ化物が用いられる。F(フッ素)は電気陰性度が4.0と最も大きいため、He、Ne以外の元素と化合物を形成する。その際、元々の分子間結合は結合手が複数本であるのに対し、Fが置き換わった箇所は結合手が1本となり、結合の網目構造が不完全になる。これにより、融点が下がり、表面張力が低下する。
CaF2は、他分子の分子間結合を分解することで、スラグの流動性を高める。これにより、スラグと溶融ビードのなじみが向上し、スラグ−メタル反応を促進する。アーク柱へのスラグの混入を予防し、アークを安定させる。配合は8〜16%とした。8%より少ないと、スラグ−メタル反応の効果が小さい。16%より多いと、スラグ過多となり、流動性が高くなりすぎるため、安定した溶融ビードを得ることができない。
CaF 2 (calcium fluoride) removes the surface tension of the droplets and the molten pool. Thereby, the intermolecular bond of other molecules is decomposed, the surface tension of the molten pool / slag is reduced, and the slag-metal reaction is promoted. Generally, a metal fluoride is used. Since F (fluorine) has the highest electronegativity of 4.0, it forms a compound with an element other than He and Ne. At that time, the original intermolecular bond has a plurality of bonds, whereas the place where F is replaced has one bond, resulting in an incomplete bond network structure. Thereby, melting | fusing point falls and surface tension falls.
CaF 2 improves the fluidity of slag by decomposing intermolecular bonds of other molecules. This improves the familiarity between the slag and the molten bead and promotes the slag-metal reaction. Prevents slag from entering the arc column and stabilizes the arc. The blending was 8 to 16%. If it is less than 8%, the effect of the slag-metal reaction is small. If it exceeds 16%, the amount of slag becomes excessive and the fluidity becomes too high, so that a stable molten bead cannot be obtained.

CaO(生石灰)は、スラグを形成する。溶接作業を容易にし、溶融ビードの形状を整える。また、大気から溶融ビードを遮断して保護し、溶接ビードの急冷を防ぐ。さらには、スラグ−メタル反応による精錬作用の効果を得ることができる。CaOは、スラグの形成およびスラグ−メタル反応による脱硫効果がある。30%を超えて添加すると、スラグ量が過多となりアークが不安定になる。5%未満では、スラグ不足により凸ビードおよびガス欠陥が発生する。これらを加味して、配合率は5〜30%とした。   CaO (quick lime) forms slag. Facilitates welding work and shapes the molten bead. In addition, the molten bead is shielded and protected from the atmosphere, and the weld bead is prevented from being rapidly cooled. Furthermore, the effect of the refining action by the slag-metal reaction can be obtained. CaO has a desulfurization effect due to slag formation and slag-metal reaction. If added over 30%, the amount of slag becomes excessive and the arc becomes unstable. If it is less than 5%, convex beads and gas defects occur due to insufficient slag. Taking these into account, the blending ratio was set to 5 to 30%.

CaCO3(炭酸カルシウム)は、シールドガスを発生させる役割を有し、大気中の酸素や窒素から、溶滴や溶融池を保護する。アーク熱で溶融した溶滴は高温になり、大気と触れる表面積も大きくなるため、ガス成分の溶解度が高くなる。ガスを溶解した溶滴や溶接ビードのガス溶解度は凝固時に急激に小さくなるため、溶融ビード内に気泡となって吐き出されることで内部欠陥を生じる。これを防止するために、アーク柱と溶融ビードの周囲に大気を遮断させるシールドガスを発生させるものである。CaCO3は、溶接中に炭酸ガスを発生し、溶融池を大気から遮断すると同時に、脱酸・脱硫してスラグの一部となる。またアークを安定させる効果もある。
CaCO3の配合は19〜37%で良好な作業性が得られた。19%より少ないと、シールド不足によるブローホール・アーク不安定・スパッタが発生する。37%より多いと、スパッタが増大し、スラグ過多・アーク切れ・球状化不良となる。
CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) has a role of generating a shielding gas, and protects the droplets and the molten pool from oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere. The droplet melted by the arc heat becomes high temperature and the surface area in contact with the atmosphere increases, so that the solubility of the gas component increases. Since the gas solubility of the droplet or weld bead in which the gas is dissolved rapidly decreases during solidification, internal defects are generated by being discharged as bubbles in the molten bead. In order to prevent this, a shielding gas is generated around the arc column and the molten bead to block the atmosphere. CaCO 3 generates carbon dioxide during welding, shuts off the molten pool from the atmosphere, and at the same time deoxidizes and desulfurizes and becomes part of the slag. It also has the effect of stabilizing the arc.
Good workability was obtained when the CaCO 3 content was 19-37%. If it is less than 19%, blowholes, arc instability, and sputtering occur due to insufficient shielding. If it exceeds 37%, spatter increases, resulting in excessive slag, arc breakage, and poor spheroidization.

Si(シリコン)は摩擦熱で損耗するSiを補給し、黒鉛系共晶凝固を促進し、溶融池を脱酸する役割を持つ。吸湿し易いため、溶接棒を乾燥状態で保管しないとフラックスが脱落・剥離する。Fe−Siが2%よりも少ないと合金添加効果が乏しくなる。20%を超えると脱酸で生じた酸化スラグ過多となる。加えて、被覆剤の吸湿性能が増加し、被覆剤強度が著しく低下するため、取扱い難い溶接棒となる。以上より、Fe−Siの配合比率は2〜20%とした。   Si (silicon) replenishes Si that is worn by frictional heat, promotes graphite-based eutectic solidification, and deoxidizes the molten pool. Because it is easy to absorb moisture, the flux will fall off and peel off if the welding rod is not stored in a dry state. When Fe-Si is less than 2%, the effect of alloy addition becomes poor. If it exceeds 20%, excessive slag is generated by deoxidation. In addition, the moisture absorption performance of the coating increases and the strength of the coating decreases significantly, resulting in a welding rod that is difficult to handle. From the above, the blending ratio of Fe—Si was set to 2 to 20%.

Mn(マンガン)は溶融池を脱酸する役割を持つ。Fe−Mnが2%よりも少ないと脱酸効果が乏しい。一方、20%を超えると、溶融池へのMn量増加による溶接金属のチル化が促進され、溶接部が脆化する。以上より、Fe−Mnの配合比率は2〜20%とした。   Mn (manganese) has a role of deoxidizing the molten pool. When Fe-Mn is less than 2%, the deoxidation effect is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20%, chilling of the weld metal due to an increase in the amount of Mn in the molten pool is promoted, and the welded portion becomes brittle. From the above, the blending ratio of Fe—Mn was set to 2 to 20%.

Cu(銅)は、Cuそのものを溶融池に添加することに加えて、通電性を向上させ、アークを安定化させる機能を有する。アークを安定させるには、アークの元となるC,Oが必要であり、かつ、溶滴の移行が、細かい溶滴がアーク柱を連続的に移行する所謂スプレー移行となるのが望ましい。このC,OはCO2が電離することで得られるため、炭酸塩が必要である。スプレー移行を形成するためには、陰極点の存在と溶接棒先端の溶滴を絞り込む力が必要である。なお、発生したスラグがアーク柱を遮るとアークが遮断されるため、不安定なアークになる。Cuの配合率は、作業性および合金としての添加量を加味して1〜10%とした。10%を超えて添加すると、合金添加過多となり、溶接部の脆化を招く。1%未満では合金添加効果が乏しい。 In addition to adding Cu itself to the molten pool, Cu (copper) has a function of improving electrical conductivity and stabilizing the arc. In order to stabilize the arc, C and O as the origin of the arc are necessary, and it is desirable that the droplet transfer be a so-called spray transfer in which the fine droplet continuously moves along the arc column. Since C and O are obtained by ionizing CO 2 , carbonate is required. In order to form a spray transition, the presence of the cathode spot and the force to narrow the droplets at the tip of the welding rod are required. Note that when the generated slag blocks the arc column, the arc is blocked, resulting in an unstable arc. The compounding ratio of Cu was set to 1 to 10% in consideration of workability and the addition amount as an alloy. If it exceeds 10%, the alloy will be added excessively, leading to embrittlement of the weld. If it is less than 1%, the effect of alloy addition is poor.

被覆剤を心線に固着させるために被覆剤には水ガラス(Na2O・nSiO2:nはモル比)を含む。有機系の固着剤では、水素欠陥を招くため、無機系の水ガラスを使用した。水ガラスはCO2と反応することで、珪酸ガラスを形成して硬化する。配合割合は9〜24%で、割れ・脱落が発生しない。24%より多いと、溶着金属中のNa,Siの増加やスラグ過多が発生する。配合が9%より少ないと、乾燥後の被覆剤の割れや脱落が発生する。 In order to fix the coating material to the core wire, the coating material contains water glass (Na 2 O.nSiO 2 : n is a molar ratio). In the organic fixing agent, an inorganic water glass is used because hydrogen defects are caused. Water glass reacts with CO 2 to form silicate glass and harden. The blending ratio is 9 to 24%, and no cracking or dropping occurs. If it exceeds 24%, an increase in Na and Si in the weld metal and excessive slag will occur. If the blending is less than 9%, the coating material will crack or fall off after drying.

本発明に用いる被覆剤は以上のような成分を備える。この被覆剤の形成量は、75%より多いと、アーク熱で保護筒が溶け落ちずに残る。ここで、保護筒とは、被覆剤の先端部で溶滴と溶融部を保護している部分をいう。そのため、保護筒が定期的に(機械的に)脱落し、その瞬間にアークが途切れてビードが断続的になる。
また、溶接棒に被覆剤を被覆した後の乾燥工程において、収縮量が大きくなることによる被覆剤のクラックが生じる。被覆剤の形成量が30%より少ないと、シールドガス不足によるスパッタ・ガス欠陥の増大やアークの荒れが生じる。
The coating agent used for this invention is equipped with the above components. When the amount of the coating agent formed is more than 75%, the protective cylinder remains without being melted by the arc heat. Here, the protective cylinder refers to a portion that protects the droplet and the melted portion at the tip of the coating agent. Therefore, the protective cylinder periodically drops (mechanically), and at that moment, the arc is interrupted and the bead becomes intermittent.
Further, in the drying process after the welding rod is coated with the coating material, the coating material cracks due to an increased shrinkage. When the amount of the coating agent formed is less than 30%, the sputtering gas defect increases due to the shielding gas shortage and the arc becomes rough.

(溶接棒の製造方法)
以下には、本発明に係る溶接棒の製造方法を説明する。
まず、円筒容器に水ガラスを入れ、その中に心線を浸漬する。心線の周囲に所望の量の水ガラスを付着させた状態で心線を容器から引き上げる。心線の上方より接種剤を散布し、接種剤を心線表面に塗布する。1時間程度放置し、水ガラスを自然乾燥させることで、接種剤を固着させる。指定配合量の被覆材料・水ガラス・水を混練した被覆剤を接種剤の外周に塗装する。塗装した溶接棒は8時間程度自然乾燥したのちに熱風乾燥を行う。熱風乾燥時の温度管理は、例えば、約2時間をかけて室温から250℃にまで加熱したのち、当該250℃で6時間保持し、その後、再び2時間をかけて室温まで冷却する。
(Method for manufacturing welding rods)
Below, the manufacturing method of the welding rod which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
First, water glass is put into a cylindrical container, and a core wire is immersed therein. The core wire is pulled up from the container with a desired amount of water glass attached around the core wire. The inoculum is sprayed from above the core wire, and the inoculum is applied to the surface of the core wire. The inoculum is fixed by leaving it to stand for about 1 hour and naturally drying the water glass. A coating material kneaded with a specified amount of coating material, water glass, and water is applied to the periphery of the inoculum. The painted welding rod is naturally dried for about 8 hours and then dried with hot air. The temperature control at the time of hot air drying is, for example, heating from room temperature to 250 ° C. over about 2 hours, holding at 250 ° C. for 6 hours, and then cooling back to room temperature over 2 hours again.

(溶接方法)
本発明の溶接棒を用いた溶接作業は、例えば以下のように行う。
被覆アーク溶接の溶接条件として、溶接電流200A、溶接速度14cm/minとした。母材は、FCD450〜700のものを使用した。溶接部の冷却速度を変化させるために、母材の溶接部を500℃に予熱した。冷却速度が大きいと硬くて脆いセメンタイト(チル)が晶出する。溶接部の冷却速度は、外気や母材との熱移動により決定されるため、必然的に母材の温度が高い程冷却速度が小さくなる。よって、セメンタイトを晶出させないために、500℃程度の予熱を行って冷却速度を小さくすることが必要である。
母材は溶接部のみを開口した断熱材で被覆し、ガストーチを用いて設定温度である500℃まで予熱したのち、ビードオンプレート溶接を行った。溶接後は速やかに断熱材で被覆した状態で徐冷した。
(Welding method)
For example, the welding operation using the welding rod of the present invention is performed as follows.
The welding conditions for the coated arc welding were a welding current of 200 A and a welding speed of 14 cm / min. The base material used was FCD450-700. In order to change the cooling rate of the weld, the base metal weld was preheated to 500 ° C. When the cooling rate is high, hard and brittle cementite (chill) is crystallized. Since the cooling rate of the welded portion is determined by heat transfer with the outside air or the base material, the cooling rate inevitably decreases as the temperature of the base material increases. Therefore, in order not to cause cementite to crystallize, it is necessary to perform preheating at about 500 ° C. to reduce the cooling rate.
The base material was covered with a heat insulating material that opened only the welded portion, preheated to a set temperature of 500 ° C. using a gas torch, and then bead-on-plate welding was performed. After welding, it was gradually cooled in a state of being covered with a heat insulating material.

(実験結果1)
以下には、接種剤の塗布方法の違いによる溶接金属中の接種剤の含有量の違いを調べた実験結果を示す。
接種剤の塗布方法は、
(1)心線の外周に内側から接種剤・被覆剤の順に塗布したもの(塗布方法(1))
(2)心線の外周に内側から被覆剤・接種剤の順に塗布したもの(塗布方法(2))
(3)接種剤と被覆剤とを混合させて心線の外周に塗布したもの(塗布方法(3))
の3種類とした。
また、塗布方法(1)〜(3)における接種剤の塗布量を心線重量比で4%(2g)、および、心線重量比で8%(4g)として、溶接金属中のSi含有量を測定した。
なお、Si含有量を測定したのは、接種剤中にSiの含有量が多く、効果の違いを判断し易いと考えたためである。
(Experimental result 1)
Below, the experimental result which investigated the difference in content of the inoculant in a weld metal by the difference in the coating method of an inoculant is shown.
How to apply the inoculum
(1) Coated on the outer periphery of the core wire from the inside in order of inoculum and coating (application method (1))
(2) Applicable to the outer periphery of the core wire in the order of coating agent / inoculum from the inside (application method (2))
(3) Inoculant and coating were mixed and applied to the outer periphery of the core wire (application method (3))
The three types.
In addition, the amount of inoculant applied in coating methods (1) to (3) is 4% (2 g) in the weight ratio of the core wire and 8% (4 g) in the weight ratio of the core wire, and the Si content in the weld metal Was measured.
The reason why the Si content was measured was that it was considered that the Si content in the inoculum was large and it was easy to judge the difference in the effect.

Figure 2011177786
Figure 2011177786

(実験結果1の考察)
塗布方法(1)は、接種剤が心線に最も近く、アーク熱により心線や母材への接種剤の溶け込みが効率的であるため、接種効果が最も高い。
塗布方法(2)は、被覆剤の外側に接種剤が塗布してある為、塗布方法(1)に比べて心線への接種剤の溶け込みが少ない。また、アーク熱により接種剤を接着している水ガラスや接種剤が焼けてしまい、接種効果が劣るものと考えられる。
塗布方法(3)は、接種剤を混合した被覆剤の溶け残りが多いことや、被覆剤に接種剤が保護され、溶滴および溶融池との直接的な反応が妨げられたこと、また、被覆剤のスラグ生成成分に巻き込まれてスラグとして浮上してしまった為に接種効果が大きく劣るものと考えられる。
また、塗布方法(1)〜(3)における溶接の作業性については、塗布方法(1)および塗布方法(3)では特に問題はなかった。これに対し、塗布方法(2)は、接種剤やバインダーがアーク熱の影響で劣化し、被覆剤が脱落することがあり、作業性が劣っていた。
(Consideration of Experiment Result 1)
Application method (1) has the highest inoculation effect because the inoculum is closest to the core wire and the arc heat efficiently dissolves the inoculum into the core wire and the base material.
In the application method (2), since the inoculant is applied to the outside of the coating agent, the inoculant dissolves less into the core wire than the application method (1). Moreover, it is thought that the water glass which adhere | attached the inoculum by arc heat, or an inoculum burns, and an inoculation effect is inferior.
The application method (3) is that there is a lot of undissolved coating material mixed with the inoculum, the inoculum was protected by the coating material, and the direct reaction with the droplets and the molten pool was hindered, It is thought that the inoculation effect is greatly inferior because it has been caught up in the slag generating component of the coating agent and has emerged as slag.
In addition, regarding the workability of welding in the application methods (1) to (3), there was no particular problem in the application method (1) and the application method (3). On the other hand, in the coating method (2), the inoculant and the binder deteriorated due to the influence of arc heat, and the coating agent might fall off, resulting in poor workability.

(実験結果2)
溶接後の母材の機械的特性および溶接作業性を調査するために以下の実験を行った。母材の寸法は100mm×50mm×5mmとし、FCD700相当のものを使用した。
これらの母材2枚を突き合わせて溶接を行った。
溶接棒の心線はFCD450相当で、心線の直径は5mmのものを使用した。また、接種剤は塗布方法(1)により塗布した。
比較例として、FCD450相当の心線に接種剤を塗布しない溶接棒、および、市販の55%Ni−Fe被覆アーク溶接棒、市販の99.9%Ni被覆アーク溶接棒を用いて実験を行った。
当該実験により得られた機械的特性に係る結果を表5に示し、溶接作業性に係る結果を表6に示す。
(Experimental result 2)
The following experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties and welding workability of the base metal after welding. The base material had a size of 100 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm, and an equivalent of FCD700 was used.
These two base materials were butted together and welded.
The core of the welding rod was equivalent to FCD450, and the diameter of the core was 5 mm. The inoculum was applied by the application method (1).
As comparative examples, experiments were performed using a welding rod in which the inoculum was not applied to the core wire equivalent to FCD450, a commercially available 55% Ni—Fe coated arc welding rod, and a commercially available 99.9% Ni coated arc welding rod. .
The results relating to the mechanical properties obtained by the experiment are shown in Table 5, and the results relating to welding workability are shown in Table 6.

Figure 2011177786
Figure 2011177786

Figure 2011177786
Figure 2011177786

(実験結果2の考察)
実施例1では、継手効率(溶接前の母材の引張強度に対する溶接部の引張強度の割合)は107%と母材以上の特性を示した。伸びは3.4%でありJIS G5502のFCD700を満足している。また、溶接金属は黒鉛・フェライト・パーライトで母材と同等の組織となっており、溶接金属外観は母材と同等の色調であった。
比較例1では、継手効率、伸びともに低い値を示しており、最もチルの晶出が多いボンド付近で破断していることから、溶接金属中のチル、レデブライト組織により脆化していると考えられる。また、溶接金属中にチル組織が多く含まれる為、外観上僅かに光沢が確認され、母材と比較すると若干色調が異なっている。
比較例2では、継手効率80%、伸び3.3%と低い値を示している。破断部位はボンド付近であることからボンドのチル組織により脆化していると考えられる。また、溶接金属はFe−Ni合金・セメンタイト・黒鉛で構成されており、色調面においても母材と比較して明らかな光沢が見られ、溶接跡が目立つ状態であった。
比較例3では継手効率46%と非常に低く、伸びは3.6%で溶接金属から破断した。これは、溶接金属がNiを多量に含むFe−Ni合金と黒鉛とで構成されているため、母材と比較して引張強度が著しく劣っているためである。また、溶接金属は母材と比較して明らかな光沢が見られ、溶接跡が目立つ状態であった。
(Consideration of Experiment Result 2)
In Example 1, the joint efficiency (the ratio of the tensile strength of the welded portion to the tensile strength of the base metal before welding) was 107%, which was a characteristic higher than that of the base material. The elongation is 3.4%, which satisfies FCD700 of JIS G5502. The weld metal was graphite, ferrite, and pearlite, and the structure was the same as that of the base metal. The appearance of the weld metal was the same color tone as that of the base metal.
In Comparative Example 1, both the joint efficiency and the elongation are low, and it is considered to be brittle due to the chill and redebrite structure in the weld metal because it fractures in the vicinity of the bond where the crystallization of chill is the largest. . Further, since the weld metal contains a large amount of chill structure, the appearance is slightly glossy, and the color tone is slightly different from that of the base material.
In Comparative Example 2, the joint efficiency is as low as 80% and the elongation is 3.3%. Since the fracture site is in the vicinity of the bond, it is considered that it is brittle due to the chill structure of the bond. In addition, the weld metal was composed of Fe—Ni alloy, cementite, and graphite, and the color tone surface was clearly glossy compared to the base material, and the weld marks were conspicuous.
In Comparative Example 3, the joint efficiency was very low at 46%, and the elongation broke from the weld metal at 3.6%. This is because the weld metal is composed of an Fe-Ni alloy containing a large amount of Ni and graphite, and the tensile strength is significantly inferior to that of the base material. In addition, the weld metal was clearly glossy compared to the base metal, and the weld marks were conspicuous.

本発明の溶接棒は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材同士の溶接接合、および、球状黒鉛鋳鉄製の部材の補修溶接に好適に用いることができる。   The welding rod of the present invention can be suitably used for welding joining of spheroidal graphite cast iron members and repair welding of spheroidal graphite cast iron members.

Claims (5)

球状黒鉛鋳鉄からなる心線と、前記心線の外周に形成した接種剤と、前記接種剤の外周に形成した被覆剤とを備えた溶接棒。   A welding rod comprising a core wire made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, an inoculant formed on the outer periphery of the core wire, and a coating agent formed on the outer periphery of the inoculant. 前記接種剤がフェロシリコン系のものである請求項1に記載の溶接棒。   The welding rod according to claim 1, wherein the inoculum is of a ferrosilicon type. 前記心線の外周に水ガラスを有する固着剤を塗布し、前記固着剤の外周に前記接種剤を形成した請求項1または2に記載の溶接棒。   The welding rod according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fixing agent having water glass is applied to an outer periphery of the core wire, and the inoculum is formed on the outer periphery of the fixing agent. 前記接種剤が粉末状である請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の溶接棒。   The welding rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inoculum is in a powder form. 前記被覆剤の成分は、C:9〜28%、CaF2:8〜16%、CaO:5〜30%、CaCO3:19〜37%、Fe−Si:2〜20%、Fe−Mn:2〜20%、Cu:1〜10%、Na2O・nSiO2(nはモル比):9〜24%および不可避成分とした請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の溶接棒。 The components of the coating agent are: C: 9 to 28%, CaF 2 : 8 to 16%, CaO: 5 to 30%, CaCO 3 : 19 to 37%, Fe—Si: 2 to 20%, Fe—Mn: 2~20%, Cu: 1~10%, Na 2 O · nSiO 2 (n molar ratio): 9-24% and welding rod according to claim 1, any one of 4 to unavoidable component.
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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4840646A (en) * 1971-09-29 1973-06-14
JPS5557396A (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-04-28 Iwateken Welding rod for cast iron utilizing inoculation effect and welding method thereof
JPS5636384A (en) * 1980-07-17 1981-04-09 Kurimoto Iron Works Ltd Welding method of spheroidal graphite cast iron
JPS57118896A (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-23 Nippon Steel Corp Low hydrogen type coated electrode
JPS58179597A (en) * 1982-03-18 1983-10-20 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of low hydrogen covered arc welding electrode
JPS60106694A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-06-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Production of welding rod for cast iron
JPH10258389A (en) * 1997-03-17 1998-09-29 Nippon Chuzo Kk Welding material for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron and mild steel and welding material for weld-repairing spheroidal graphite cast iron
US20060237412A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Wallin Jack G Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4840646A (en) * 1971-09-29 1973-06-14
JPS5557396A (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-04-28 Iwateken Welding rod for cast iron utilizing inoculation effect and welding method thereof
JPS5636384A (en) * 1980-07-17 1981-04-09 Kurimoto Iron Works Ltd Welding method of spheroidal graphite cast iron
JPS57118896A (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-07-23 Nippon Steel Corp Low hydrogen type coated electrode
JPS58179597A (en) * 1982-03-18 1983-10-20 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of low hydrogen covered arc welding electrode
JPS60106694A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-06-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Production of welding rod for cast iron
JPH10258389A (en) * 1997-03-17 1998-09-29 Nippon Chuzo Kk Welding material for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron and mild steel and welding material for weld-repairing spheroidal graphite cast iron
US20060237412A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Wallin Jack G Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron

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