JP2011173176A - Surface coated cutting tool superior in heat resistance and deposition resistance - Google Patents

Surface coated cutting tool superior in heat resistance and deposition resistance Download PDF

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JP2011173176A
JP2011173176A JP2010036820A JP2010036820A JP2011173176A JP 2011173176 A JP2011173176 A JP 2011173176A JP 2010036820 A JP2010036820 A JP 2010036820A JP 2010036820 A JP2010036820 A JP 2010036820A JP 2011173176 A JP2011173176 A JP 2011173176A
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Shinichi Shikada
信一 鹿田
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface coated cutting tool whose hard coating layer exerts superior heat resistance and deposition resistance in high speed and high feed cutting of a hard-to-cut material such as a Ti-alloy, stainless steel and the like. <P>SOLUTION: In the surface coated cutting tool in which the hard coating layer is formed on the surface of a tool base body, the hard coating layer is constructed of an alternately laminated layer of (a) and (b), in which (a) is a TiAl(M)N thin layer formed of a composite nitride layer of Ti, Al (and M) satisfying a composition formula: (Ti<SB>1-α</SB>Al<SB>α</SB>)N or a composition formula: (Ti<SB>1-α-β</SB>Al<SB>α</SB>M<SB>β</SB>)N (where M is one or more additive components selected from periodic table group 4a, 5a, 6a elements, Si, B, Y excluding Ti, and 0.45≤α≤0.75 and 0.01≤β≤0.25 in terms of the atomic ratio), and (b) is a VYN thin layer formed of a composite nitride layer of V and Y satisfying a composition formula: (V<SB>1-γ</SB>Y<SB>γ</SB>)N layer (where 0.01≤γ≤0.1 in terms of the atomic ratio). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、表面被覆切削工具(以下、被覆工具という)に関し、さらに詳しくは、例えば、Ti合金、ステンレス鋼などの難削材を、高熱発生を伴うとともに切刃部に対して大きな機械的負荷がかかる高速高送り条件で切削加工した場合に、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐熱性と耐溶着性を発揮する被覆工具に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool). More specifically, for example, a difficult-to-cut material such as a Ti alloy or stainless steel is accompanied by high heat generation and a large mechanical load on the cutting edge portion. The present invention relates to a coated tool that exhibits excellent heat resistance and welding resistance when a hard coating layer is cut under high speed and high feed conditions.

一般に、被覆工具には、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の旋削加工や平削り加工にバイトの先端部に着脱自在に取り付けて用いられるスローアウエイチップ、前記被削材の穴あけ切削加工などに用いられるドリルやミニチュアドリル、さらに前記被削材の面削加工や溝加工、肩加工などに用いられるソリッドタイプのエンドミルなどがあり、また前記スローアウエイチップを着脱自在に取り付けて前記ソリッドタイプのエンドミルと同様に切削加工を行うスローアウエイエンドミル工具などが知られている。   In general, for coated tools, throwaway inserts that are detachably attached to the tip of the cutting tool for turning and planing of various steel and cast iron materials, drilling of the work material, etc. Drills, miniature drills, solid type end mills used for chamfering, grooving, shouldering, etc. of the work material, and the solid type A slow-away end mill tool that performs cutting work in the same manner as an end mill is known.

また、被覆工具としては、例えば、工具基体表面に、TiとAlの複合窒化物((Ti,Al)N)層、あるいは、これにさらに、Si、B、Y、Zr、V等を微量添加含有させたTiとAlを主成分とする複合窒化物(以下、これらを総称して、(Ti,Al,M)Nという)層を設けた被覆工具も知られており、特に、構成成分であるAlによって高温硬さと耐熱性、同Tiによって高温強度を具備することから、前記(Ti,Al,M)N層がすぐれた高温強度、耐欠損性、耐摩耗性を示すことも知られている。   As a coated tool, for example, a Ti and Al composite nitride ((Ti, Al) N) layer or a small amount of Si, B, Y, Zr, V, etc. is added to the tool base surface. A coated tool provided with a composite nitride mainly containing Ti and Al (hereinafter collectively referred to as (Ti, Al, M) N) is also known. It is also known that the (Ti, Al, M) N layer exhibits excellent high temperature strength, fracture resistance, and wear resistance because it has high temperature hardness and heat resistance with certain Al and high temperature strength with the same Ti. Yes.

さらに、前記従来被覆工具が、例えば、図2に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の1種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置に工具基体を装入し、装置内を、例えば、500℃の温度に加熱した状態で、硬質被覆層の組成に対応した合金がセットされたカソード電極、例えば、Ti−Al−M合金と、アノード電極との間に、例えば、電流:90Aの条件でアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して、例えば、2Paの反応雰囲気とし、一方、前記工具基体には、例えば、−100Vのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で、前記工具基体表面に、(Ti,Al,M)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより製造されることも知られている。   Furthermore, the conventional coated tool is loaded with a tool base in an arc ion plating apparatus which is one of physical vapor deposition apparatuses shown schematically in FIG. 2, for example, at a temperature of 500 ° C., for example. Arc discharge is performed between the cathode electrode in which an alloy corresponding to the composition of the hard coating layer is set, for example, a Ti-Al-M alloy, and the anode electrode under the condition of current: 90A. At the same time, nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to form a reaction atmosphere of, for example, 2 Pa. On the other hand, the tool substrate surface is subjected to, for example, a bias voltage of −100 V, for example. In addition, it is also known to be produced by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer made of a (Ti, Al, M) N layer.

特許第2644710号明細書Japanese Patent No. 2644710 特許第2793773号明細書Japanese Patent No. 2793773 特許第2793696号明細書Japanese Patent No. 2793696 特開平8−199338号公報JP-A-8-199338

ところが、近年の切削加工装置のFA化はめざましく、一方で切削加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、切削工具には被削材の材種にできるだけ影響を受けない汎用性、すなわち、できるだけ多くの材種の切削加工が可能な切削工具が求められる傾向にあるが、前記従来被覆工具においては、これを、Ti合金、ステンレス鋼などの被削材の通常切削速度での切削加工に用いた場合には問題ないが、これらの被削材を、高い発熱をともなうとともに、切刃部に局部的に高負荷がかかる高速高送り条件で切削した場合には、切削時の発熱によって被削材および切粉は高温に加熱されて粘性が増大し、これに伴って硬質被覆層表面に対する溶着性が一段と増すようになり、この結果切刃部におけるチッピング(微少欠け)の発生が急激に増加し、これが原因で比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。   However, in recent years, the FA of cutting machines has been remarkable. On the other hand, there has been a strong demand for labor saving and energy saving and further cost reduction for cutting, and as a result, cutting tools have as much influence on the type of work material as possible. However, in the conventional coated tool, this is applied to a work material such as a Ti alloy or stainless steel. There is no problem when it is used for cutting at normal cutting speed, but when these materials are cut under high-speed high-feed conditions with high heat generation and high load locally on the cutting edge. The heat generated during cutting increases the viscosity of the work material and the chips as they are heated to a high temperature, and as a result, the weldability to the surface of the hard coating layer further increases. Ping increase occurs rapidly in (small chipping), which is at present, leading to a relatively short time service life due.

そこで、本発明が解決しようとする技術的課題、すなわち、本発明の目的は、高熱発生を伴う高速高送り条件で切削した場合においてもすぐれた耐熱性および耐溶着性を発揮する被覆工具を提供することである。   Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, that is, the object of the present invention is to provide a coated tool that exhibits excellent heat resistance and welding resistance even when cutting under high-speed and high-feed conditions with high heat generation. It is to be.

そこで、本発明者等は、前述のような観点から、特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼などの難削材の切削加工を、高速高送り切削条件で切削加工した場合に、硬質被覆層がすぐれた潤滑性とすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する被覆工具を開発すべく、鋭意研究を行った結果、炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットからなる工具基体の表面に、一層平均層厚0.01〜0.1μmの(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層を蒸着形成し、この上に、Vとの合量に占めるYの含有割合が1〜10原子%となるようにY成分を含有させたVとYの複合窒化物層(以下、(V,Y)N層で示す)からなる一層平均層厚0.01〜0.1μmの(V,Y)N薄層を蒸着形成し、さらに、前記(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層と、前記(V,Y)N薄層とを交互に形成し、交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層を構成すると、(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層はすぐれた高温硬さ、高温強度、耐熱性を示し、また、これと交互に積層形成される(V,Y)N薄層はすぐれた耐溶着性を示し、特に、(V,Y)N薄層中に含有されるY成分によって、(V,Y)N薄層の耐熱性が向上することから、高熱発生を伴う切削加工においても、(V,Y)N薄層のすぐれた耐溶着性は維持されることを見出した。   In view of the above, the present inventors, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, have excellent lubrication with a hard coating layer, especially when cutting difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloys and stainless steel under high-speed and high-feed cutting conditions. As a result of diligent research to develop a coated tool that exhibits excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance, an average layer thickness of 0. 5 mm is formed on the surface of a tool base made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet. A (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer having a thickness of 01 to 0.1 μm is formed by vapor deposition, and the Y content in the total amount with V is 1 to 10 atoms. % (V, Y) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm consisting of a composite nitride layer of V and Y (hereinafter referred to as (V, Y) N layer) containing a Y component so as to be ) N thin layer is formed by vapor deposition, and the (Ti, Al) N thin layer (Ti, Al, M) N thin layers and the (V, Y) N thin layers are alternately formed to form a hard coating layer having an alternately laminated structure. The (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer exhibits excellent high-temperature hardness, high-temperature strength, and heat resistance, and the (V, Y) N thin layer alternately formed with this layer has excellent welding resistance. In particular, since the heat resistance of the (V, Y) N thin layer is improved by the Y component contained in the (V, Y) N thin layer, even in the cutting process with high heat generation, (V, Y) Y) It has been found that the excellent welding resistance of the N thin layer is maintained.

したがって、Ti合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の高速高送り切削加工において、切刃部が高温になったとしても、(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層に不足する耐溶着性を、これと交互に積層される(V,Y)N薄層が補完し、硬質被覆層全体としての被削材との耐溶着性も改善され、その結果、切刃部におけるチッピング(微少欠け)の発生が防止され、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性が発揮されるという新規な知見を得て、かかる知見に基づき、本発明に至ったものである。   Therefore, even in a high-speed, high-feed cutting process for difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloy and stainless steel, even if the cutting edge becomes hot, (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer The (V, Y) N thin layer alternately laminated with this is complemented by the insufficient welding resistance, and the welding resistance with the work material as the entire hard coating layer is improved. The present inventors have obtained a new finding that chipping (small chipping) is prevented from occurring in a part and excellent wear resistance is exhibited over a long period of time, and the present invention has been achieved based on such a finding.

本発明は、前記研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、
「(1) 炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層を形成してなる表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層が、
(a)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−αAlα)N(但し、αはAlの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.45≦α≦0.75である)を満足するTiとAlの複合窒化物層からなる(Ti,Al)N薄層、
(b)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(V1−γγ)N(但し、γはYの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.01≦γ≦0.1である)を満足するVとYの複合窒化物層からなる(V,Y)N薄層、
上記(a)、(b)の交互積層からなり、1〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有することを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(2) 炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層を形成してなる表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層が、
(a)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−α−βAlαβ)N(ここで、Mは、Tiを除く周期律表4a,5a,6a族の元素、Si、B、Yのうちから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の添加成分を示し、また、αはAlの含有割合、βはMの含有割合をそれぞれ示し、原子比で、0.45≦α≦0.75、0.01≦β≦0.25である)を満足するTiとAlとMの複合窒化物層からなる(Ti,Al,M)N薄層、
(b)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(V1−γγ)N(但し、γはYの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.01≦γ≦0.1である)を満足するVとYの複合窒化物層からなる(V,Y)N薄層、
上記(a)、(b)の交互積層からなり、1〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有することを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。」
であり、特に、高速高送り切削加工で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮することを特徴とするものである。
The present invention has been made based on the research results,
“(1) In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is formed on the surface of a tool base composed of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
The hard coating layer is
(A) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Ti and Al composite nitride satisfying the composition formula: (Ti 1-α Al α ) N (where α is the Al content ratio and the atomic ratio is 0.45 ≦ α ≦ 0.75) (Ti, Al) N thin layer consisting of layers,
(B) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Compound nitride of V and Y satisfying the composition formula: (V 1-γ Y γ ) N (where γ represents the content ratio of Y and the atomic ratio is 0.01 ≦ γ ≦ 0.1) (V, Y) N thin layer consisting of layers,
A surface-coated cutting tool comprising the alternating lamination of the above (a) and (b) and having a total average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm.
(2) In a surface-coated cutting tool formed by forming a hard coating layer on the surface of a tool base composed of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or a titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
The hard coating layer is
(A) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Composition formula: (Ti 1-α-β Al α M β ) N (where M is a member selected from the group 4a, 5a, 6a elements except Si, Si, B, Y) Seeds or two or more kinds of additive components, α is a content ratio of Al, β is a content ratio of M, and atomic ratio is 0.45 ≦ α ≦ 0.75, 0.01 ≦ β ≦ (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer composed of a composite nitride layer of Ti, Al, and M satisfying 0.25)
(B) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Compound nitride of V and Y satisfying the composition formula: (V 1-γ Y γ ) N (where γ represents the content ratio of Y and the atomic ratio is 0.01 ≦ γ ≦ 0.1) (V, Y) N thin layer consisting of layers,
A surface-coated cutting tool comprising the alternating lamination of the above (a) and (b) and having a total average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm. "
In particular, the hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed and high-feed cutting.

つぎに、この発明の被覆工具の硬質被覆層について、詳細に説明する。   Next, the hard coating layer of the coated tool of the present invention will be described in detail.

(a)(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層の組成および一層平均層厚
(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層の構成成分であるAl成分には硬質被覆層における高温硬さを向上させ、同Ti成分には高温強度を向上させる作用があり、さらに、M成分のうちの、Tiを除く周期律表4a,5a,6a族の元素、Si、B、には硬質被覆層の耐摩耗性を向上させる作用があり、また、Yには硬質被覆層の高温耐酸化性を向上させる作用があるが、Alの割合を示すα値がTiとの合量あるいはTiとMの合量に占める割合(原子比、以下同じ)で0.45未満になると、所定の高温硬さを確保することができず、これが耐摩耗性低下の原因となり、一方、Alの割合を示すα値が同0.75を越えると、相対的にTiの含有割合が減少し、高速高送り切削加工で必要とされる高温強度を確保することができず、チッピングの発生を防止することが困難になり、さらに、M成分の含有割合を示すβ値がTiとの合量に占める割合(原子比、以下同じ)で0.01未満では、M成分を含有させたことによる耐摩耗性、高温耐酸化性等の特性向上が期待できず、一方同β値が0.25を超えると、高温強度に低下傾向が現れるようになることから、α値を0.45〜0.75、β値を0.01〜0.25と定めた。
(A) Composition of (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer and average layer thickness (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer configuration The Al component, which is a component, improves the high-temperature hardness in the hard coating layer, and the Ti component has the effect of improving the high-temperature strength, and among the M components, the periodic table 4a, 5a, The elements of group 6a, Si, B, have the effect of improving the wear resistance of the hard coating layer, and Y has the function of improving the high temperature oxidation resistance of the hard coating layer. When the α value shown is less than 0.45 in terms of the total amount of Ti or the total amount of Ti and M (atomic ratio, the same shall apply hereinafter), the predetermined high-temperature hardness cannot be ensured, which results in wear resistance. On the other hand, when the α value indicating the proportion of Al exceeds 0.75, In contrast, the Ti content is reduced, the high-temperature strength required for high-speed, high-feed cutting cannot be ensured, and it becomes difficult to prevent chipping. If the β value indicating the proportion of the total amount with Ti is less than 0.01 (atomic ratio, the same applies hereinafter), improvement in properties such as wear resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance due to inclusion of the M component can be expected. On the other hand, if the β value exceeds 0.25, the high temperature strength tends to decrease. Therefore, the α value is set to 0.45 to 0.75, and the β value is set to 0.01 to 0.25. It was.

また、その一層平均層厚が0.01μm未満では、自身の持つすぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するには不十分であり、一方、その一層平均層厚が0.1μmを越えると、前記高速高送り切削では、耐溶着性の不足が顕在化し、切刃部にチッピングが発生し易くなることから、その一層平均層厚を0.01〜0.1μmと定めた。   In addition, if the average layer thickness is less than 0.01 μm, it is insufficient to exhibit the excellent wear resistance of itself over a long period of time, whereas if the average layer thickness exceeds 0.1 μm, In the high-speed and high-feed cutting, since the lack of welding resistance becomes obvious and chipping is likely to occur at the cutting edge, the average layer thickness is set to 0.01 to 0.1 μm.

(b)(V,Y)N薄層の組成および一層平均層厚
前記(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層と交互積層構造を構成するVとYの複合窒化物層((V,Y)N層)は、所定の高温硬さ、高温強度、耐溶着性を有するとともに、その構成成分であるY成分によって、すぐれた耐熱性を備えるようになり、そのため、(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層に不足する潤滑性を補完し、高温切削条件下でも硬質被覆層の低摩擦係数が維持され、すぐれた耐溶着性を発揮するようになる。ただ、Yの含有割合を示すγ値がVとの合量に占める割合(原子比、以下同じ)で0.01未満になると、耐熱性を確保することができないために耐溶着効果を期待することはできず、一方、Yの割合を示すγ値が同0.10を越えると、相対的にVの含有割合が減少し、溶着性が高い高硬度被削材の高速高送り切削加工で必要とされる高温強度を確保することができないばかりか、耐溶着性も低下し、チッピング発生を防止することが困難になることから、γ値を0.01〜0.10(原子比、以下同じ)と定めた。
(B) Composition of (V, Y) N thin layer and average layer thickness Single layer of V and Y constituting an alternate stacked structure with the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer The nitride layer ((V, Y) N layer) has a predetermined high-temperature hardness, high-temperature strength, and welding resistance, and also has excellent heat resistance due to its component Y component. , (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer complements the lack of lubricity, maintains the low coefficient of friction of the hard coating layer even under high temperature cutting conditions, and has excellent welding resistance Will come out. However, if the γ value indicating the Y content ratio is less than 0.01 in terms of the total amount with V (atomic ratio, the same shall apply hereinafter), heat resistance cannot be ensured, so a welding resistance effect is expected. On the other hand, if the γ value indicating the ratio of Y exceeds 0.10, the content ratio of V is relatively reduced, and high-speed high-feed cutting of a high-hardness work material with high weldability is possible. Not only can the required high-temperature strength not be ensured, but also the welding resistance is lowered and it becomes difficult to prevent chipping, so the γ value is 0.01 to 0.10 (atomic ratio, below) The same).

また、交互積層を構成する(V,Y)N層の一層平均層厚が0.01μm未満では、自身の持つすぐれた耐熱性、耐溶着性によって、硬質被覆層の特性を改善するには不十分であり、一方、一層平均層厚が0.1μmを越えると、相対的な(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層の割合の減少によって、硬質被覆層全体としての高温硬さ、高温強度が低下し、その結果、特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の、大きな発熱を伴い、かつ、高負荷のかかる高速高送り切削加工では切刃部にチッピングが発生し易くなるとともに摩耗も促進されることから、その一層平均層厚を0.01〜0.1μmと定めた。   Further, if the average layer thickness of the (V, Y) N layers constituting the alternately laminated layers is less than 0.01 μm, it is not possible to improve the characteristics of the hard coating layer due to its excellent heat resistance and welding resistance. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness is more than 0.1 μm, the entire hard coating layer is reduced due to the decrease in the ratio of the relative (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer. As a result, the high temperature hardness and strength at high temperatures are reduced. As a result, chipping is applied to the cutting edge in high-speed, high-feed cutting with high heat generation, especially for difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloys and stainless steel. Is more likely to occur and wear is promoted, so the average layer thickness is determined to be 0.01 to 0.1 μm.

(c)硬質被覆層の合計平均層厚
(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層と(V,Y)N薄層の交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層は、その合計平均層厚が1μm未満では、硬質被覆層を構成する(V,Y)N層の平均層厚が1μm未満では、長期の使用に亘って十分な耐摩耗性を発揮することができず、一方、合計平均層厚が5μmを越えると、特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の、大きな発熱を伴い、かつ、高負荷のかかる高速高送り切削加工では切刃部にチッピングが発生し易くなることから、その合計平均層厚を1〜5μmと定めた。
(C) Total average layer thickness of hard coating layer (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer and (V, Y) N thin layer, a hard coating layer comprising an alternate laminated structure, If the total average layer thickness is less than 1 μm, if the average layer thickness of the (V, Y) N layer constituting the hard coating layer is less than 1 μm, sufficient wear resistance cannot be exhibited over a long period of use. On the other hand, when the total average layer thickness exceeds 5 μm, chipping occurs at the cutting edge part in high-speed, high-feed cutting with large heat generation, especially for difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloy and stainless steel. Therefore, the total average layer thickness was set to 1 to 5 μm.

(d)そして、前記(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層と(V,Y)N薄層の交互積層は、例えば、図1に概略説明図で示される物理蒸着装置の1種であるアークイオンプレーティング装置に基体を装入し、ヒーターで装置内を、例えば、500℃の温度に加熱した状態で、装置内に所定組成のTi−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金からなるカソード電極(蒸発源)と、所定組成のV−Y合金からなるカソード電極(蒸発源)とを配置し、まず、アノード電極とTi−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金からなるカソード電極(蒸発源)との間に、例えば、電流:90Aの条件でアーク放電を発生させ、同時に装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して、例えば、2Paの反応雰囲気とし、一方、前記基体には、例えば、−100Vのバイアス電圧を印加した条件で、基体表面に(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層を蒸着形成し、アーク放電を停止した後、引き続いて、アノード電極とV−Y合金からなるカソード電極(蒸発源)との間に、前記同様にアーク放電を行わせ、基体表面に(V,Y)N薄層を蒸着形成し、前記操作を繰り返し行うことにより、所定の一層平均層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層と(V,Y)N薄層との交互積層構造からなる、所定合計平均層厚の硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することができる。 (D) The (Ti, Al) N thin layer or the alternating lamination of the (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer and the (V, Y) N thin layer is shown schematically in FIG. 1, for example. A substrate is placed in an arc ion plating apparatus which is a kind of physical vapor deposition apparatus, and the apparatus is heated to a temperature of, for example, 500 ° C. with a heater. -A cathode electrode (evaporation source) made of an Al-M alloy and a cathode electrode (evaporation source) made of a VY alloy having a predetermined composition are arranged. First, an anode electrode and a Ti-Al alloy or Ti-Al-M Between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) made of an alloy, for example, arc discharge is generated under the condition of current: 90 A, and simultaneously nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas, for example, a reaction atmosphere of 2 Pa, On the other hand, For example, under the condition that a bias voltage of −100 V is applied, a (Ti, Al) N thin layer or a (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and arc discharge is stopped. Then, arc discharge is performed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode (evaporation source) made of a V—Y alloy in the same manner as described above, and a (V, Y) N thin layer is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and the above operation is repeated. By performing, a predetermined total average consisting of a (Ti, Al) N thin layer having a predetermined average layer thickness or an alternately laminated structure of (Ti, Al, M) N thin layers and (V, Y) N thin layers A hard coating layer having a layer thickness can be formed by vapor deposition.

本発明の被覆工具は、交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層を(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層が、すぐれた高温硬さ、高温強度を有し、あるいは、さらにすぐれた耐摩耗性、高温耐酸化性を有し、また、(V,Y)N薄層が、すぐれた耐熱性と耐溶着性を兼ね備えていることから、硬質被覆層は全体として、すぐれた高温硬さ、高温強度等に加え、すぐれた耐溶着性を備えたものとなり、その結果、特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の、大きな発熱を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して高負荷のかかる高速高送り切削加工であっても、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するものである。   In the coated tool of the present invention, the hard coating layer having an alternately laminated structure is a (Ti, Al) N thin layer or a (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer having excellent high-temperature hardness and high-temperature strength, or Furthermore, since the (V, Y) N thin layer has excellent heat resistance and welding resistance, the hard coating layer as a whole has excellent wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance. In addition to excellent high-temperature hardness, high-temperature strength, etc., it also has excellent welding resistance. As a result, especially with difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloys and stainless steel, it is accompanied by large heat generation and against cutting edges Even high-speed, high-feed cutting with high load exhibits excellent chipping resistance and exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time.

本発明被覆工具を構成する硬質被覆層を形成するのに用いたアークイオンプレーティング装置を示し、(a)は概略平面図、(b)は概略正面図である。The arc ion plating apparatus used for forming the hard coating layer which comprises this invention coated tool is shown, (a) is a schematic plan view, (b) is a schematic front view. 比較被覆工具を構成する硬質被覆層を形成するのに用いた従来のアークイオンプレーティング装置の概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the conventional arc ion plating apparatus used in forming the hard coating layer which comprises a comparative coating tool.

つぎに、本発明の被覆工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。   Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

原料粉末として、いずれも1〜3μmの平均粒径を有するWC粉末、TiC粉末、ZrC粉末、VC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、V粉末、TiN粉末、TaN粉末、およびCo粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表1に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで72時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、100MPa の圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を6Paの真空中、温度:1400℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、ISO規格・CNMG120408のチップ形状をもったWC基超硬合金製の工具基体A−1〜A−10を形成した。 WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, V 3 C 2 powder, TiN powder, TaN powder, and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm are prepared as raw material powders. These raw material powders are blended in the composition shown in Table 1, wet mixed by a ball mill for 72 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact at a pressure of 100 MPa. Medium, sintered at 1400 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, tool bases A-1 to A-10 made of WC-based cemented carbide with ISO standard / CNMG120408 chip shape were formed. .

また、原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜2μmの平均粒径を有するTiCN(質量比で、TiC/TiN=50/50)粉末、MoC粉末、ZrC粉末、NbC粉末、TaC粉末、WC粉末、Co粉末、およびNi粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表2に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで24時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、100MPaの圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を2kPaの窒素雰囲気中、温度:1500℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、ISO規格・CNMG120408のチップ形状をもったTiCN基サーメット製の工具基体B−1〜B−6を形成した。 In addition, as raw material powders, TiCN (mass ratio, TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, Mo 2 C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, TaC powder, WC, all having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. Prepare powder, Co powder, and Ni powder, mix these raw material powders into the composition shown in Table 2, wet mix for 24 hours with a ball mill, dry, and press-mold into green compact at 100 MPa pressure Then, the green compact was sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 kPa at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, a tool base B made of TiCN-based cermet having an ISO standard / CNMG120408 chip shape was obtained. -1 to B-6 were formed.

(a)ついで、前記工具基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置内の回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置に外周部にそって装着し、前記回転テーブルを挟んで相対向する両側にカソード電極(蒸発源)を配置し、その一方にはカソード電極(蒸発源)として所定組成のTi−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金を配置し、また、その他方にはカソード電極(蒸発源)として所定組成のV−Y合金を配置し、
(b)まず、装置内を排気して0.1Pa以下の真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記Ti−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面を前記Ti−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金によってボンバード洗浄し、
(c)次に、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して4Paの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体に−100Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極の前記Ti−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金とアノード電極との間に120Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、前記工具基体の表面に、表3、表4に示される目標組成、一層目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層を蒸着形成した後、前記Ti−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金のカソード電極(蒸発源)とアノード電極との間のアーク放電を停止し、
(d)引き続いて装置内雰囲気を2Paの窒素雰囲気に保持したままで、カソード電極(蒸発源)であるV−Y合金電極とアノード電極との間に120Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させて、表3、表4に示される目標組成、一層目標層厚の(V,Y)N薄層を蒸着形成し、
前記(c)、(d)の操作を、所定の合計平均層厚になるまで繰り返し行って硬質被覆層を蒸着形成し、本発明被覆工具としての本発明表面被覆スローアウエイチップ(以下、本発明被覆チップと云う)1〜39をそれぞれ製造した。
(A) Next, each of the tool bases A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. It is mounted along the outer periphery at a position that is a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the inner rotary table, and cathode electrodes (evaporation sources) are arranged on both sides facing each other across the rotary table. Arranges a Ti-Al alloy or Ti-Al-M alloy with a predetermined composition as a cathode electrode (evaporation source), and arranges a VY alloy with a predetermined composition as a cathode electrode (evaporation source) on the other side,
(B) First, the inside of the apparatus is heated to 500 ° C. with a heater while the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 0.1 Pa or less, and then the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table is −1000 V. A DC bias voltage is applied, and a current of 100 A is passed between the Ti—Al alloy or Ti—Al—M alloy of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode to generate an arc discharge. Bombard cleaning with Al alloy or Ti-Al-M alloy,
(C) Next, nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to form a reaction atmosphere of 4 Pa, a DC bias voltage of −100 V is applied to the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table, and Arc current is generated by flowing a current of 120 A between the Ti—Al alloy or Ti—Al—M alloy of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and the targets shown in Tables 3 and 4 are formed on the surface of the tool base. After depositing (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer having a composition and a target layer thickness, the cathode electrode (evaporation source) of the Ti-Al alloy or Ti-Al-M alloy is formed. ) And the anode discharge between the anode electrode and
(D) Subsequently, an arc discharge is generated by flowing a current of 120 A between the anode electrode and the VY alloy electrode, which is the cathode electrode (evaporation source), while maintaining the atmosphere in the apparatus in a nitrogen atmosphere of 2 Pa. Then, (V, Y) N thin layer having a target composition and a target layer thickness shown in Tables 3 and 4 are formed by vapor deposition.
The operations of (c) and (d) are repeated until a predetermined total average layer thickness is obtained, and a hard coating layer is formed by vapor deposition, and the present surface-coated throwaway tip (hereinafter referred to as the present invention) as the coated tool of the present invention. 1 to 39 were manufactured.

また、比較の目的で、これら工具基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6を、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、それぞれ図2に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、カソード電極(蒸発源)として所定組成のTi−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金を装着し、まず、装置内を排気して0.1Pa以下の真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、前記工具基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつカソード電極のTi−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面を前記Ti−Al合金あるいはTi−Al−M合金でボンバード洗浄し、ついで装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して3Paの反応雰囲気とすると共に、前記工具基体に印加するバイアス電圧を−100Vに下げて、前記所定組成の各カソード電極とアノード電極との間にアーク放電を発生させ、前記工具基体A−1〜A−10およびB−1〜B−6のそれぞれの表面に、表5、表6に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N層で構成された硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、比較被覆工具としての表面被覆スローアウエイチップ(以下、比較被覆チップと云う)1〜16をそれぞれ製造した。   For comparison purposes, these tool bases A-1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, respectively, and the arc ion plating shown in FIG. The device was charged and a Ti-Al alloy or Ti-Al-M alloy having a predetermined composition was mounted as a cathode electrode (evaporation source). First, while evacuating the device and maintaining a vacuum of 0.1 Pa or less, After heating the inside of the apparatus to 500 ° C. with a heater, a DC bias voltage of −1000 V was applied to the tool base, and 100 A was applied between the cathode electrode of Ti—Al alloy or Ti—Al—M alloy and the anode electrode. An electric current is applied to generate an arc discharge, so that the tool base surface is bombarded with the Ti-Al alloy or Ti-Al-M alloy, and then nitrogen gas is introduced into the apparatus as a reaction gas. And a bias voltage applied to the tool base is lowered to -100 V to generate an arc discharge between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the predetermined composition, and the tool base A- (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Tables 5 and 6 on the surfaces of 1 to A-10 and B-1 to B-6. Surface-coated throwaway tips (hereinafter referred to as comparative coated tips) 1 to 16 as comparative coated tools were produced by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer composed of N layers.

つぎに、前記各種の被覆チップを、いずれも工具鋼製バイトの先端部に固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、本発明被覆チップ1〜39および比較被覆チップ1〜16について、
被削材:JIS・SUS304(HB180)の丸棒、
切削速度: 140 m/min.、
切り込み: 2.0 mm、
送り: 0.45 mm/rev.、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件A)でのステンレス鋼の湿式連続高速高送り切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、120m/min.、0.3mm/rev.)、
被削材:Ti−6Al−4V合金の丸棒、
切削速度: 60 m/min.、
切り込み: 2.0 mm、
送り: 0.3 mm/rev.、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件B)でのTi合金の湿式連続高速高送り切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、40m/min.、0.2mm/rev.)、
被削材:JIS・S45C(HB200)の丸棒、
切削速度: 180 m/min.、
切り込み: 2.0 mm、
送り: 0.45 mm/rev.、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件C)での炭素鋼の湿式連続高速高送り切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、150m/min.、0.3mm/rev.)、
を行い、いずれの高速高送り切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。この測定結果を表7、表8に示した。
Next, in the state where each of the various coated chips is screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig, the present coated chips 1 to 39 and the comparative coated chips 1 to 16 are as follows:
Work material: JIS / SUS304 (HB180) round bar,
Cutting speed: 140 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm,
Feed: 0.45 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
(Continuous cutting speed and feed are 120 m / min. And 0.3 mm / rev., Respectively)
Work material: Ti-6Al-4V alloy round bar,
Cutting speed: 60 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm,
Feed: 0.3 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Wet continuous high-speed high-feed cutting test of Ti alloy under the following conditions (cutting condition B) (normal cutting speed and feed are 40 m / min. And 0.2 mm / rev., Respectively),
Work material: JIS S45C (HB200) round bar,
Cutting speed: 180 m / min. ,
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm,
Feed: 0.45 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Wet continuous high-speed high-feed cutting test of carbon steel under the following conditions (cutting condition C) (normal cutting speed and feed are 150 m / min. And 0.3 mm / rev., Respectively),
The flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured in any high-speed, high-feed cutting test. The measurement results are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

実施例1と同様、いずれも1〜3μmの平均粒径を有するWC粉末、TiC粉末、ZrC粉末、VC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、V粉末、TiN粉末、TaN粉末、およびCo粉末からなる原料粉末を、表1に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで72時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、100MPa の圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を6Paの真空中、温度:1400℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、直径が13mmの工具基体形成用丸棒焼結体を形成し、さらに前記丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、切刃部の直径×長さが10mm×22mmの寸法、並びにねじれ角30度の4枚刃スクエア形状をもったWC基超硬合金製の工具基体(エンドミル)A−1〜A−10をそれぞれ製造した。 As in Example 1, all of WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, V 3 C 2 powder, TiN powder, TaN powder, and Co powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm. The raw material powder is blended into the composition shown in Table 1, wet mixed by a ball mill for 72 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact at a pressure of 100 MPa. , Temperature: Sintered at 1400 ° C. for 1 hour to form a round tool sintered body for forming a tool base having a diameter of 13 mm. WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (end mills) A-1 to A-10 having a size of 10 mm × 22 mm in diameter × length and a four-blade square shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees were manufactured.

ついで、これらの工具基体(エンドミル)A−1〜A−10の表面をアセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、前記実施例1と同一の条件で、表10に示される目標組成および一層目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層および同じく表9に示される目標組成および一層目標層厚の(V,Y)N薄層の交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、本発明被覆工具としての本発明表面被覆超硬製エンドミル(以下、本発明被覆エンドミルと云う)1〜27をそれぞれ製造した。   Then, the surfaces of these tool bases (end mills) A-1 to A-10 were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then charged into the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the target composition shown in Table 10 and the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer having a single target layer thickness and the target composition shown in Table 9 and By subjecting a hard coating layer composed of an alternating laminated structure of (V, Y) N thin layers of a single target layer thickness to vapor deposition, the present surface coated carbide end mill (hereinafter referred to as the present coated end mill) as the present coated tool. 1 to 27) were produced.

また、比較の目的で、前記工具基体(エンドミル)A−1〜A−10の表面をアセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図2に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、前記実施例1と同一の条件で、表10に示される目標組成および目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着することにより、比較被覆工具としての表面被覆超硬製エンドミル(以下、比較被覆エンドミルと云う)1〜10をそれぞれ製造した。   For comparison purposes, the surfaces of the tool bases (end mills) A-1 to A-10 are ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and then loaded into the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Then, a hard coating layer composed of a (Ti, Al) N thin layer or a (Ti, Al, M) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 10 is deposited under the same conditions as in Example 1. Thus, surface coated carbide end mills (hereinafter referred to as comparative coated end mills) 1 to 10 as comparative coated tools were produced, respectively.

つぎに、前記本発明被覆エンドミル1〜27および比較被覆エンドミル1〜10について、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SUS304の板材、
切削速度: 140 m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み): 5 mm、
テーブル送り: 400 mm/分、
の条件(切削条件D)でのステンレス鋼の湿式高速高送り溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度およびテーブル送りは、それぞれ、120m/min.、300mm/分)、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのTi−6Al−4Vの板材、
切削速度: 75 m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み): 5 mm、
テーブル送り: 100 mm/分、
の条件(切削条件E)でのTi合金の湿式高速高送り溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度およびテーブル送りは、それぞれ、50m/min.、80mm/分)、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・S45C(HB200)の板材、
切削速度: 250 m/min.、
溝深さ(切り込み): 5 mm、
テーブル送り: 900 mm/分、
の条件(切削条件F)での炭素鋼の湿式高速高送り溝切削加工試験(通常の切削速度およびテーブル送りは、それぞれ、200m/min.、700mm/分)、
をそれぞれ行い、いずれの高速高送り溝切削加工試験でも切刃部の外周刃の逃げ面摩耗幅が使用寿命の目安とされる0.1mmに至るまでの切削溝長を測定した。この測定結果を表9、表10にそれぞれ示した。
Next, the present invention coated end mills 1-27 and comparative coated end mills 1-10,
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SUS304 plate,
Cutting speed: 140 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 5 mm,
Table feed: 400 mm / min,
Wet high-speed high-feed groove cutting test of stainless steel under the above conditions (cutting condition D) (normal cutting speed and table feed are 120 m / min. And 300 mm / min, respectively)
Work material—planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm Ti-6Al-4V plate,
Cutting speed: 75 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 5 mm,
Table feed: 100 mm / min,
Wet high-speed high-feed groove cutting test of Ti alloy under the above conditions (cutting condition E) (normal cutting speed and table feed are 50 m / min. And 80 mm / min, respectively),
Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS S45C (HB200) plate,
Cutting speed: 250 m / min. ,
Groove depth (cut): 5 mm,
Table feed: 900 mm / min,
Wet high-speed, high-feed groove cutting test of carbon steel under the following conditions (cutting conditions F) (normal cutting speed and table feed are 200 m / min. And 700 mm / min, respectively),
In each of the high-speed and high-feed groove cutting test, the cutting groove length was measured until the flank wear width of the outer peripheral edge of the cutting edge reached 0.1 mm, which is a guide for the service life. The measurement results are shown in Table 9 and Table 10, respectively.

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

前記実施例2で製造した直径が13mmの丸棒焼結体を用い、この丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、溝形成部の直径×長さがそれぞれ8mm×22mmの寸法、並びにねじれ角30度の2枚刃形状をもったWC基超硬合金製の工具基体(ドリル)A−1〜A−10をそれぞれ製造した。   Using the round bar sintered body with a diameter of 13 mm manufactured in Example 2 above, from this round bar sintered body, the diameter and length of the groove forming part is 8 mm x 22 mm and twisted by grinding. WC base cemented carbide tool bases (drills) A-1 to A-10 having a two-blade shape with a 30-degree angle were manufactured.

ついで、これらの工具基体(ドリル)A−1〜A−10の切刃に、ホーニングを施し、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図1に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、前記実施例1と同一の条件で、表11に示される目標組成および一層目標層厚の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層および同じく表11に示される目標組成および一層目標層厚の(V,Y)N薄層の交互積層構造からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、本発明被覆工具としての本発明表面被覆超硬製ドリル(以下、本発明被覆ドリルと云う)1〜27をそれぞれ製造した。   Next, the cutting edges of these tool bases (drills) A-1 to A-10 are subjected to honing, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, and dried to the arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or the (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer having the target composition and the target layer thickness shown in Table 11 and the same Table 11 are used. The surface-coated carbide drill of the present invention as a coated tool of the present invention is formed by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer comprising an alternately laminated structure of (V, Y) N thin layers having a target composition and a target layer thickness of one layer. (Hereinafter referred to as the present invention coated drills) 1 to 27 were produced.

また、比較の目的で、前記工具基体(ドリル)A−1〜A−10の表面に、ホーニングを施し、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、同じく図2に示されるアークイオンプレーティング装置に装入し、前記実施例1と同一の条件で、表12に示される目標組成および一層目標層厚を有する(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、比較被覆工具としての表面被覆超硬製ドリル(以下、比較被覆ドリルと云う)1〜10をそれぞれ製造した。   For the purpose of comparison, honing is performed on the surfaces of the tool bases (drills) A-1 to A-10, ultrasonic cleaning is performed in acetone, and the arc ion plate shown in FIG. From the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N layer having the target composition and the target layer thickness shown in Table 12 under the same conditions as in the first embodiment. Surface-coated cemented carbide drills (hereinafter referred to as comparative coated drills) 1 to 10 as comparative coated tools were manufactured by vapor-depositing the hard coating layers to be formed.

つぎに、前記本発明被覆ドリル1〜27および比較被覆ドリル1〜10について、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SUS304の板材、
切削速度: 100 m/min.、
送り: 0.3 mm/rev、
穴深さ: 8 mm、
の条件(切削条件G)でのステンレス鋼の湿式高速高送り穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、80m/min.、0.2mm/rev.)、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのTi−6Al−4V合金の板材、
切削速度: 60 m/min.、
送り: 0.25 mm/rev、
穴深さ: 8 mm、
の条件(切削条件H)でのTi合金の湿式高速高送り穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、40m/min.、0.15mm/rev.)、
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・S45C(HB200)の板材、
切削速度: 130 m/min.、
送り: 0.35 mm/rev、
穴深さ: 8 mm、
の条件(切削条件I)での炭素鋼の湿式高速高送り穴あけ切削加工試験(通常の切削速度および送りは、それぞれ、100m/min.、0.25mm/rev.)、
をそれぞれ行い、いずれの湿式高速高送り穴あけ切削加工試験(水溶性切削油使用)でも先端切刃面の逃げ面摩耗幅が0.3mmに至るまでの穴あけ加工数を測定した。この測定結果を表11、表12にそれぞれ示した。
Next, for the present invention coated drill 1-27 and comparative coated drill 1-10,
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SUS304 plate,
Cutting speed: 100 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.3 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 8 mm,
Wet high-speed high-feed drilling test of stainless steel under the conditions (cutting condition G) (normal cutting speed and feed are 80 m / min. And 0.2 mm / rev., Respectively),
Work material—planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm Ti-6Al-4V alloy plate,
Cutting speed: 60 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.25 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 8 mm,
Wet high-speed high-feed drilling test of Ti alloy under the following conditions (cutting condition H) (normal cutting speed and feed are 40 m / min. And 0.15 mm / rev., Respectively),
Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS S45C (HB200) plate,
Cutting speed: 130 m / min. ,
Feed: 0.35 mm / rev,
Hole depth: 8 mm,
Wet high-speed high-feed drilling test of carbon steel under the following conditions (cutting condition I) (normal cutting speed and feed are 100 m / min. And 0.25 mm / rev., Respectively),
In each wet high-speed high-feed drilling test (using water-soluble cutting oil), the number of drilling processes until the flank wear width of the tip cutting edge surface reached 0.3 mm was measured. The measurement results are shown in Tables 11 and 12, respectively.

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

Figure 2011173176
Figure 2011173176

この結果得られた本発明被覆工具としての本発明被覆チップ1〜39、本発明被覆エンドミル1〜27および本発明被覆ドリル1〜27の硬質被覆層を構成する(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層および(V,Y)N薄層の組成、並びに、比較被覆工具としての比較被覆チップ1〜16、比較被覆エンドミル1〜10および比較被覆ドリル1〜10の(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N層からなる硬質被覆層の組成を、透過型電子顕微鏡を用いてのエネルギー分散X線分析法により測定したところ、それぞれ目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を示した。   (Ti, Al) N thin layer constituting the hard coating layers of the present coated chips 1 to 39, the present coated end mills 1 to 27, and the present coated drills 1 to 27 as the present coated tools obtained as a result. Composition of (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer and (V, Y) N thin layer, and comparative coated tips 1 to 16, comparative coated end mills 1 to 10 and comparative coated drills 1 to 10 as comparative coated tools The composition of the hard coating layer composed of the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or the (Ti, Al, M) N layer was measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis using a transmission electron microscope. It showed substantially the same composition.

また、前記硬質被覆層を構成する各層の平均層厚を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定したところ、いずれも目標層厚と実質的に同じ平均値(5ヶ所の平均値)を示した。   Moreover, when the average layer thickness of each layer which comprises the said hard coating layer was cross-sectional measured using the scanning electron microscope, all showed the average value (average value of five places) substantially the same as target layer thickness.

表7〜12に示される結果から、本発明被覆工具は、いずれも特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の、大きな発熱を伴い、かつ、高負荷のかかる高速高送り切削加工でも、硬質被覆層の交互積層構造を構成する(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層が、すぐれた高温硬さ、高温強度、あるいは、これに加えてさらにすぐれた耐摩耗性、高温耐酸化性を有し、同じく交互積層構造を構成する(V,Y)N薄層が耐熱性にすぐれ、高温条件下でも前記被削材および切粉との間のすぐれた耐溶着性を保持し、その結果、(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N薄層に不足する耐溶着性が、これに交互に積層される(V,Y)N薄層により補完されることによって、硬質被覆層全体として、チッピングの発生なく、長期に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するのに対して、硬質被覆層が(Ti,Al)N薄層あるいは(Ti,Al,M)N層で構成され、(V,Y)N層を備えない比較被覆工具においては、いずれも前記被削材の高速高送り切削加工では被削材(難削材)および切粉と前記硬質被覆層との粘着性および反応性が一段と高くなるために、切刃部にチッピングが発生するようになり、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。   From the results shown in Tables 7 to 12, all of the coated tools of the present invention are hard even in high-speed high-feed cutting with large heat generation and high load of difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloy and stainless steel. The (Ti, Al) N thin layer or (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer constituting the alternating layer structure of the coating layer has excellent high-temperature hardness, high-temperature strength, or in addition, excellent wear resistance. (V, Y) N thin layers that also have an alternating layer structure with excellent heat resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance are excellent in heat resistance, and excellent welding resistance between the work material and chips even under high temperature conditions (V, Y) N thin layer on which the (Ti, Al) N thin layer or the (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer is alternately laminated with the welding resistance insufficient. As a whole, the hard coating layer is free from chipping. The hard coating layer is composed of a (Ti, Al) N thin layer or a (Ti, Al, M) N layer, and (V, Y) N layer, while exhibiting excellent wear resistance over a long period of time. In the comparative coated tools that do not have any of the above, in the high-speed and high-feed cutting of the work material, the adhesiveness and reactivity between the work material (hard-to-cut material) and chips and the hard coating layer are further increased. In addition, it is clear that chipping occurs at the cutting edge and the service life is reached in a relatively short time.

前述のように、本発明の被覆工具は、一般的な被削材の切削加工は勿論のこと、特にTi合金、ステンレス鋼等の難削材の高速高送り切削加工でもすぐれた耐摩耗性と耐溶着性を発揮し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を示すものであるから、切削加工装置のFA化、並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。   As described above, the coated tool of the present invention has excellent wear resistance not only for cutting general work materials, but also for high-speed high-feed cutting of difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti alloy and stainless steel. Since it exhibits welding resistance and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time, it can be used satisfactorily to meet the requirements for FA of cutting equipment, labor saving and energy saving of cutting, and cost reduction. It is.

Claims (2)

炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層を形成してなる表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層が、
(a)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−αAlα)N(但し、αはAlの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.45≦α≦0.75である)を満足するTiとAlの複合窒化物層からなる(Ti,Al)N薄層、
(b)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(V1−γγ)N(但し、γはYの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.01≦γ≦0.1である)を満足するVとYの複合窒化物層からなる(V,Y)N薄層、
上記(a)、(b)の交互積層からなり、1〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有することを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
In a surface-coated cutting tool formed by forming a hard coating layer on the surface of a tool base composed of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
The hard coating layer is
(A) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Ti and Al composite nitride satisfying the composition formula: (Ti 1-α Al α ) N (where α is the Al content ratio and the atomic ratio is 0.45 ≦ α ≦ 0.75) (Ti, Al) N thin layer consisting of layers,
(B) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Compound nitride of V and Y satisfying the composition formula: (V 1-γ Y γ ) N (where γ represents the content ratio of Y and the atomic ratio is 0.01 ≦ γ ≦ 0.1) (V, Y) N thin layer consisting of layers,
A surface-coated cutting tool comprising the alternating lamination of the above (a) and (b) and having a total average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm.
炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層を形成してなる表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層が、
(a)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−α−βAlαβ)N(ここで、Mは、Tiを除く周期律表4a,5a,6a族の元素、Si、B、Yのうちから選ばれた1種又は2種以上の添加成分を示し、また、αはAlの含有割合、βはMの含有割合をそれぞれ示し、原子比で、0.45≦α≦0.75、0.01≦β≦0.25である)を満足するTiとAlとMの複合窒化物層からなる(Ti,Al,M)N薄層、
(b)0.01〜0.1μmの一層平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(V1−γγ)N(但し、γはYの含有割合を示し、原子比で、0.01≦γ≦0.1である)を満足するVとYの複合窒化物層からなる(V,Y)N薄層、
上記(a)、(b)の交互積層からなり、1〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有することを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
In a surface-coated cutting tool formed by forming a hard coating layer on the surface of a tool base composed of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
The hard coating layer is
(A) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Composition formula: (Ti 1-α-β Al α M β ) N (where M is a member selected from the group 4a, 5a, 6a elements except Si, Si, B, Y) Seeds or two or more kinds of additive components, α is a content ratio of Al, β is a content ratio of M, and atomic ratio is 0.45 ≦ α ≦ 0.75, 0.01 ≦ β ≦ (Ti, Al, M) N thin layer composed of a composite nitride layer of Ti, Al, and M satisfying 0.25)
(B) having an average layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and
Compound nitride of V and Y satisfying the composition formula: (V 1-γ Y γ ) N (where γ represents the content ratio of Y and the atomic ratio is 0.01 ≦ γ ≦ 0.1) (V, Y) N thin layer consisting of layers,
A surface-coated cutting tool comprising the alternating lamination of the above (a) and (b) and having a total average layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108823526A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-11-16 成都工业职业技术学院 A kind of nanometer multilayer compounded superhard cutter coat and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108823526A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-11-16 成都工业职业技术学院 A kind of nanometer multilayer compounded superhard cutter coat and preparation method thereof

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