JP2011163002A - Structure for preventing erosion of bank - Google Patents

Structure for preventing erosion of bank Download PDF

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JP2011163002A
JP2011163002A JP2010027040A JP2010027040A JP2011163002A JP 2011163002 A JP2011163002 A JP 2011163002A JP 2010027040 A JP2010027040 A JP 2010027040A JP 2010027040 A JP2010027040 A JP 2010027040A JP 2011163002 A JP2011163002 A JP 2011163002A
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water
concrete
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JP5875749B2 (en
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Kiyoshi Sogo
潔司 十河
Hideo Sugimoto
英夫 杉本
Kunihiko Hamai
邦彦 浜井
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Obayashi Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively and economically prevent erosion of a back slope from being caused by an overflow and reduce maintenance of vegetation, while inhibiting a wetting line from rising due to infiltration. <P>SOLUTION: In this structure 1 for preventing erosion of a bank, the back slope 2 of the bank 11 is partially exposed as an exposed area 5, and the vegetation 6 is applied thereto. A covered area 4 except the exposed area 5 is covered with a wood chip concrete board 3. The wood chip concrete board 3, which is obtained by prehardening wood chip concrete, functions as a water permeable covering layer which is made of a single layer of water permeable concrete, and expands the vegetation 6 of the exposed area 5 to the covered area 4 by easiness of fixing of plants to the wood chip concrete. The wood chip concrete board 3 is molded in a rectangular shape, and disposed on the back slope 2 in such a manner that the covered and exposed areas 4 and 5 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern. Thus, the vegetation 6 of the exposed area 5 can be easily expanded to the covered area 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、主として河川堤防の裏法面における侵食防止対策として採用される堤防の侵食防止構造に関する。   The present invention relates to an embankment erosion prevention structure mainly employed as an erosion prevention measure on the back slope of a river dike.

堤防は、河川の流水による氾濫を防ぐ河川構造物であって、予想される降雨や流量増加に基づいて計画高水位が設定されるとともに、該計画高水位に背後地の重要性等に応じた余裕高が加えられることで天端高が決定される。   The embankment is a river structure that prevents flooding due to river flow, and the planned high water level is set based on the expected rainfall and increase in flow rate, and the planned high water level depends on the importance of the hinterland, etc. The top height is determined by adding the extra height.

そのため、河川流水が堤防を越えるいわゆる越流は原則として想定されておらず、堤防の安全対策としては、もっぱら浸透に対する対策が重要視されてきた。   For this reason, the so-called overflow of river water over the embankment is not assumed in principle, and as a safety measure for the embankment, measures against infiltration have been regarded as important.

すなわち、堤防内では、河川水位の上昇や降雨に起因して湿潤線が上昇し、それが土のせん断強度低下や土の単位体積重量の増加を招いて法面安定性を低下させる。   That is, in the dike, the wet line rises due to an increase in river water level and rainfall, which causes a decrease in soil shear strength and an increase in soil unit volume weight, thereby reducing slope stability.

浸透水に対する対策としては、堤防法面のうち、河川側の法面、いわゆる川表あるいは表法面と呼ばれる側に水密性の高いコンクリートを構築したり、不透水性シートを敷設したりする方法が一般的であり、かかる対策によって、湿潤線の上昇を抑制し、堤防の安全性を確保することが可能となる。   As countermeasures against seepage water, a method of constructing highly water-tight concrete or laying a water-impermeable sheet on the river side, the so-called river surface or the surface side of the dike slope However, such measures can suppress the rise of the wet line and ensure the safety of the levee.

特開2006−161364号公報JP 2006-161364 A 特開2008−261204号公報JP 2008-261204 A 特開2009−235760号公報JP 2009-235760 A

一方、地球温暖化に代表される気候変動の影響により、集中豪雨の際、想定外の雨量となって河川流水の水位が計画高水位を上回り、越流水として堤防を越える事態が観測されるようになってきた。   On the other hand, due to the effects of climate change, such as global warming, in the case of torrential rain, the river water level exceeds the planned high water level and the situation where the river overflows over the embankment is observed. It has become.

かかる越流水は、堤防を乗り越えた後、勢いよく裏法面を流下しながら該裏法面を侵食し、表法面からの浸透と相俟って、ついには堤防を決壊させる原因となる。   Such overflow water erodes the back slope while rushing down the back slope after getting over the embankment, and in combination with the penetration from the front slope, it eventually causes the levee to break down.

そのため、堤防が河川の氾濫防止機能を十分に果たすためには、上述した浸透のみならず、越流に対しても十分な対策を施す必要性が高まってきた。   Therefore, in order for the dike to sufficiently fulfill the function of preventing river flooding, it has become necessary to take sufficient measures not only for the above-mentioned penetration but also for overflow.

しかしながら、堤防の嵩上げによる対策では、大規模な造成工事が必要となって経済性に欠けるという問題や、表法面と同様に裏法面をコンクリートで覆う対策では、侵食防止はできても、コンクリートによって排水が阻害されるため、堤防内の湿潤線が上昇して法面安定性が低下するという問題を生じていた。   However, the measures by raising the embankment require large-scale construction work and lack of economic efficiency, and measures that cover the back slope with concrete as well as the front slope can prevent erosion, Since the drainage was hindered by concrete, the wet line in the embankment rose and the slope stability was lowered.

また、植生による侵食防止対策も採用されてはいるが、その目的上、できるだけ成長の早い植物、具体的には在来種よりも成長の早い外来種によって裏法面を覆うことが必要になるため、成長し過ぎた植物に対する刈り取り等の維持管理が大きな負担になるという問題や、成長力の強い外来種が在来種を駆逐するのではないかという生態系への影響が懸念されるという問題も生じていた。   In addition, erosion prevention measures by vegetation are also adopted, but for that purpose, it is necessary to cover the back slope with plants that grow as fast as possible, specifically alien species that grow faster than native species Therefore, there are concerns that there will be a large burden of maintenance management such as harvesting for plants that have grown too much, and there are concerns about the impact on the ecosystem that alien species with strong growth potential may destroy native species There was also a problem.

本発明は、上述した事情を考慮してなされたもので、浸透による湿潤線の上昇を抑制しつつ、越流による裏法面の侵食を有効かつ経済的に防止するとともに、植生の維持管理を軽減可能な堤防の侵食防止構造を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and while suppressing the rise of the wet line due to infiltration, it effectively and economically prevents erosion of the back slope due to overflow, and also maintains vegetation maintenance. The object is to provide a dike erosion prevention structure that can be reduced.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は請求項1に記載したように、堤防の裏法面のうち、一部を露出領域として露出させて該露出領域に植生を施すとともに、残りを透水性被覆層で被覆して被覆領域とし、前記透水性被覆層に透水性コンクリート層が含まれるようにかつ前記露出領域の植生が前記被覆領域に拡大可能となるように該透水性被覆層を構成したものである。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the embankment erosion prevention structure according to the present invention is characterized in that a part of the back slope of the embankment is exposed as an exposed area and vegetation is applied to the exposed area. In addition, the remainder is covered with a water-permeable coating layer to form a coating region, and the water-permeable coating layer includes a water-permeable concrete layer, and the vegetation in the exposed region can be expanded to the coating region. The protective coating layer is configured.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記透水性被覆層を、透水性コンクリート層とその上に積層された植生基材層との二層構造としたものである。   Moreover, the erosion prevention structure of the embankment which concerns on this invention makes the said water-permeable coating layer into the two-layer structure of the water-permeable concrete layer and the vegetation base material layer laminated | stacked on it.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記透水性被覆層を、透水性コンクリートの単一層で構成するとともに該透水性コンクリートを木片コンクリートで構成したものである。   Moreover, the erosion prevention structure of the embankment according to the present invention is such that the water-permeable covering layer is constituted by a single layer of water-permeable concrete and the water-permeable concrete is constituted by wood chip concrete.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記木片コンクリートを、予め硬化させた木片コンクリート板で構成したものである。   Moreover, the erosion prevention structure of the embankment according to the present invention is configured by a wood piece concrete plate obtained by pre-curing the wood piece concrete.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記木片コンクリートを、未だ硬化していない木片コンクリートを現場施工して硬化させることで構成したものである。   Moreover, the erosion prevention structure of the embankment according to the present invention is configured by hardening the wood piece concrete by performing on-site construction of wood piece concrete that has not yet been hardened.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記被覆領域と前記露出領域とが市松状に交互に並ぶように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置したものである。   In the levee erosion prevention structure according to the present invention, the water-permeable covering layer is arranged on the back surface so that the covering areas and the exposed areas are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記被覆領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が前記露出領域となるように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置したものである。   The embankment erosion prevention structure according to the present invention is such that the water-permeable covering layer is arranged on the back surface so that the covering regions are in a lattice shape and each rectangular region surrounded by them is the exposed region. It is.

また、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造は、前記露出領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が前記被覆領域となるように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置したものである。   The embankment erosion prevention structure according to the present invention is such that the water-permeable coating layer is arranged on the back surface so that the exposed regions are in a lattice shape and the rectangular regions surrounded by the regions are the coating regions. It is.

本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造においては、堤防の裏法面のうち、一部を露出領域として露出させて該露出領域に植生を施すとともに、残りを透水性被覆層で被覆して被覆領域とし、かかる透水性被覆層に透水性コンクリート層が含まれるようにかつ露出領域の植生が被覆領域に拡大可能となるように該透水性被覆層を構成する。   In the levee erosion prevention structure according to the present invention, a part of the back slope of the levee is exposed as an exposed region and vegetation is applied to the exposed region, and the rest is covered with a water-permeable coating layer. The water-permeable coating layer is configured so that the water-permeable coating layer includes the water-permeable concrete layer and the vegetation in the exposed region can be expanded to the coating region.

このようにすると、集中豪雨等で河川流水が堤防を越え、その越流水が堤防の裏法面を流下したとしても、被覆領域においては、透水性被覆層を構成する透水性コンクリート層が裏法面を侵食から保護し、露出領域においては、地盤内に根を伸張させた植物が裏法面を侵食から保護するため、施工当初から裏法面全体で侵食防止機能が発揮されるとともに、露出領域に植栽した植物がその植生を被覆領域に拡大させ、やがては裏法面全体を覆うため、長期的には侵食防止機能がさらに向上する。   In this way, even if the river water flows over the levee due to torrential rain, etc., and the overflow water flows down the back slope of the levee, the permeable concrete layer that constitutes the permeable cover layer in the covered area Protects the surface from erosion, and in the exposed area, the plant with its roots extended into the ground protects the back slope from erosion. Since the plant planted in the area expands the vegetation to the covered area and eventually covers the entire back slope, the erosion prevention function is further improved in the long term.

一方、越流が生じる状況においては、表法面や堤防天端からの浸透も当然懸念されるが、かかる浸透水は、被覆領域においては透水性被覆層を介して堤防の外側に排水され、露出領域においては、堤防の外側に直接排水されるため、裏法面全体で排水機能が発揮される。そして、かかる排水機能により、堤防内での湿潤線の上昇が抑制されて法面安定性の低下は未然に回避される。   On the other hand, in the situation where overflow occurs, there is a natural concern of seepage from the slope and the top of the levee, but such permeated water is drained to the outside of the levee via the water-permeable coating layer in the covered area, In the exposed area, water is drained directly to the outside of the levee, so that the drainage function is exhibited on the entire back slope. And by such a drainage function, the rise of the wet line in the dike is suppressed, and the fall of slope stability is avoided beforehand.

また、施工当初においては、植栽の範囲が露出領域に限られるため、植物を用いた侵食防止のための初期コストが大幅に軽減されるとともに、裏法面での侵食防止機能が施工当初から発揮されるため、従来のように植物の生長を急ぐ必要がなくなり、その結果、外来種ではなく、在来種を選択することが可能となり、かくして、刈取りやその処分のための維持管理負担が大幅に軽減されるとともに、かかるコスト削減効果は、被覆領域に植生が拡大した段階で一層顕著となる。   In addition, since the planting area is limited to the exposed area at the beginning of construction, the initial cost for preventing erosion using plants is greatly reduced, and the erosion prevention function on the back side is provided from the beginning of construction. As a result, it is no longer necessary to rush plant growth as in the past, and as a result, it is possible to select native species rather than alien species, thus reducing the maintenance burden for cutting and disposal. In addition to being greatly reduced, this cost reduction effect becomes even more prominent when vegetation is expanded in the covered area.

透水性被覆層は、侵食防止のための透水性コンクリート層が含まれ、全体として透水性が確保され、かつ露出領域の植生が被覆領域に拡大可能となるように構成される限り、その構成は任意であり、例えば、透水性コンクリート層とその上に積層された植生基材層との二層構造とする構成が可能である。また、透水性コンクリート自体の構成も任意であり、例えばポーラスコンクリートで構成することが可能である。   As long as the water-permeable covering layer includes a water-permeable concrete layer for preventing erosion, and is configured so that water permeability is ensured as a whole and vegetation in the exposed area can be expanded to the covered area, For example, a two-layer structure of a water-permeable concrete layer and a vegetation base material layer laminated thereon is possible. Moreover, the structure of water-permeable concrete itself is also arbitrary, for example, can be comprised with porous concrete.

なお、かかる構成における植生基材層は、肥料、水、チップ材、粘着剤等を攪拌混合した水性スラリーの吹付け物で構成することができるが、本発明における被覆領域は、周囲に拡がる露出領域からの植生拡大が見込まれるので、従来の植生基材層とは異なり、植物の種子を混入する必要はない。   In addition, the vegetation base material layer in such a configuration can be composed of a spray of an aqueous slurry obtained by stirring and mixing fertilizer, water, a chip material, an adhesive, and the like, but the coating region in the present invention is an exposure that extends to the periphery. Since vegetation expansion from the region is expected, unlike the conventional vegetation base layer, it is not necessary to mix plant seeds.

また、透水性被覆層は、透水性コンクリートの単一層で構成するとともに該透水性コンクリートを木片コンクリートで構成することが可能である。   Further, the water-permeable covering layer can be constituted by a single layer of water-permeable concrete and the water-permeable concrete can be constituted by wood piece concrete.

かかる構成においては、露出領域で成長した植物の種子が木片コンクリートに飛散しあるいは根が伸張したとき、植物は、木片コンクリートを構成する木片同士の間隙を介してその根を地盤に伸張させるので、被覆領域における植生の拡大がより確実となり、かくして植物による侵食防止機能が大幅に向上する。   In such a configuration, when the seeds of the plant grown in the exposed region are scattered on the wood chip concrete or the root is stretched, the plant stretches the root to the ground through the gap between the wood pieces constituting the wood chip concrete. The spread of vegetation in the covered area becomes more reliable, thus greatly improving the function of preventing erosion by plants.

また、植生基材を吹き付ける必要がないため、植物を用いた侵食防止のための初期コストがいっそう軽減されるとともに、木片コンクリートによる植物の定着容易性が寄与して、露出領域から被覆領域への植生の拡大がより早期にかつ確実に実現される。   In addition, since there is no need to spray a vegetation base material, the initial cost for preventing erosion using plants is further reduced, and the ease of colonization of plants by wood chip concrete contributes to the change from exposed areas to covered areas. The expansion of vegetation is realized earlier and more reliably.

木片コンクリートとは、木片とセメント含有物質との混練物又はその硬化物を意味し、セメント含有物質とは、セメントと水との水和反応による固結作用が得られるものであって、具体的には、セメント及び水からなるセメントミルク(セメントペースト)、セメント、水及び細骨材からなるフレッシュモルタルあるいはセメント、水、細骨材及び粗骨材からなるフレッシュコンクリートの3つの形態が含まれる。   Wood piece concrete means a kneaded product of wood piece and cement-containing substance or a cured product thereof. Cement-containing substance is a substance that can obtain a caking action by hydration reaction between cement and water, and is concretely Includes three forms of cement milk (cement paste) made of cement and water, fresh mortar made of cement, water and fine aggregate, or fresh concrete made of cement, water, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.

木片コンクリートは、予め硬化させた木片コンクリート板で構成し、又は未だ硬化していない状態で現場施工してから硬化させて構成することが可能であり、前者の場合には、多数の木片を該木片同士に間隙が生じるようにセメント含有物質で相互に固結させて構成し、後者の場合には、多数の木片とセメント含有物質とを含む混練物を、木片同士の間に間隙が形成された状態で該木片が相互に固結されるように、吹付け等の方法で現場施工すればよい。   The wood piece concrete can be composed of a pre-hardened wood piece concrete plate, or it can be constructed after being applied on-site in an uncured state. In the latter case, a kneaded product containing many pieces of wood and cement-containing material is formed between the pieces of wood. It is only necessary to perform on-site construction by spraying or the like so that the pieces of wood are consolidated in a state where they are in contact with each other.

なお、本発明とは別に、裏法面全体に木片コンクリートを敷設することでも、該裏法面における侵食と浸透水の排水が可能であるが、長期的には、植物の根の伸張による地盤安定が効果的であって、植栽が不可欠となるため、裏法面全体に木片コンクリートを敷設する場合には、該木片コンクリートへの植生基材の吹付けが必要となる。   In addition to the present invention, it is possible to erode the drainage of the back slope and drain the permeated water by laying wood chip concrete on the entire back slope. Since stability is effective and planting becomes indispensable, when laying wood fragment concrete on the entire back slope, it is necessary to spray a vegetation base material on the wood fragment concrete.

そして、かかる構成においては、木片コンクリートの敷設面積も植生基材の吹付け面積も裏法面全体に及び、初期投資が大きくなるとともに、該植生基材に種子として混入される植物は、成長が早い外来種を選択せざるを得ないため、植物の維持管理が負担となるが、本発明においては、木片コンクリートの敷設面積を例えば50%程度に減らすことが可能であり、また植生基材の吹付けも不要であるため、初期コストが大幅に軽減されるとともに、在来種の採用が可能になるため、植生維持管理の負担も大幅に軽減される。   In such a configuration, the laying area of the wood chip concrete and the spraying area of the vegetation base material extend over the entire back slope, and the initial investment increases, and the plant mixed as seeds in the vegetation base material grows. Since it is necessary to select an early alien species, the maintenance of the plant becomes a burden, but in the present invention, the laying area of wood chip concrete can be reduced to, for example, about 50%, and the vegetation base material Since spraying is unnecessary, the initial cost is greatly reduced, and the adoption of native species is possible, so the burden of vegetation maintenance management is also greatly reduced.

露出領域のみに施す植栽とは、植物を定着させることができる限り、その具体的方法は任意であって、播種からの生育や苗木の植付けが含まれるとともに、場合によっては成長した植物の植付けでもかまわない。そのため、外来種を用いずとも、植生による侵食防止を早期に実現することが可能となる。   Planting to be applied only to the exposed area is optional as long as the plant can be established, including growth from sowing and planting seedlings, and in some cases planting grown plants But it doesn't matter. Therefore, it is possible to realize erosion prevention due to vegetation at an early stage without using alien species.

本発明においては、堤防の裏法面を全て透水性被覆層で覆うのではなく、その一部を露出領域とするが、被覆領域と露出領域との面積割合やその配置形態は任意であり、例えば、被覆領域と露出領域とが市松状に交互に並ぶように透水性被覆層を裏法面に配置した構成や、被覆領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が露出領域となるように透水性被覆層を裏法面に配置した構成、あるいは露出領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が被覆領域となるように透水性被覆層を裏法面に配置した構成を採用することができる。   In the present invention, the entire slope of the dike is not covered with the water-permeable coating layer, but a part thereof is an exposed region, but the area ratio of the covered region and the exposed region and the arrangement form thereof are arbitrary, For example, a configuration in which the water-permeable coating layer is arranged on the back surface so that the covered regions and the exposed regions are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern, or each rectangular region surrounded by the covered region becomes a grid shape becomes the exposed region The structure in which the water-permeable coating layer is arranged on the back surface as described above, or the structure in which the water-permeable coating layer is arranged on the back surface so that the exposed areas are in a lattice shape and each rectangular area surrounded by them is the covered area. Can be adopted.

本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の図であり、(a)は堤体軸方向から見た断面図、(b)は裏法面2の法線方向から見た正面図。It is a figure of the erosion prevention structure of a levee concerning this embodiment, (a) is a sectional view seen from the dam body axial direction, and (b) is a front view seen from the normal line direction of back slope 2. A−A線方向に沿った断面図。Sectional drawing along the AA line direction. 本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の作用を説明した断面図。Sectional drawing explaining the effect | action of the erosion prevention structure of the embankment which concerns on this embodiment. 変形例に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の図であり、(a)は裏法面2の法線方向から見た正面図、(b)はB−B線方向に沿った断面図。It is a figure of the erosion prevention structure of the embankment which concerns on a modification, (a) is the front view seen from the normal line direction of the back slope 2, (b) is sectional drawing along the BB line direction. 別の変形例に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の図であり、(a)は法面2の法線方向から見た正面図、(b)はC−C線方向に沿った断面図。It is a figure of the erosion prevention structure of the embankment which concerns on another modification, (a) is the front view seen from the normal line direction of the slope 2, (b) is sectional drawing along CC line direction. 別の変形例に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の断面図。Sectional drawing of the erosion prevention structure of the embankment which concerns on another modification.

以下、本発明に係る堤防の侵食防止構造の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of an embankment erosion prevention structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図1乃至図3は、本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造を示した図である。これらの図でわかるように、本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造1は、堤防11の裏法面2のうち、一部を露出領域5として露出させて該露出領域に植生6を施すとともに、残りの被覆領域4を木片コンクリート板3で被覆してある。   FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 are views showing a structure for preventing erosion of a bank according to the present embodiment. As can be seen from these drawings, the bank erosion prevention structure 1 according to this embodiment is configured such that a part of the back slope 2 of the bank 11 is exposed as an exposed region 5 and vegetation 6 is applied to the exposed region. The remaining covering region 4 is covered with a wood piece concrete board 3.

木片コンクリート板3は、透水性コンクリートである木片コンクリートを予め硬化させたものであり、透水性コンクリートの単一層で構成された透水性被覆層として機能するとともに、木片コンクリートの植物の定着容易性により、露出領域5の植生6を被覆領域4に拡大させることができるようになっている。   The wood piece concrete board 3 is obtained by preliminarily hardening wood piece concrete, which is a water permeable concrete, and functions as a water permeable coating layer composed of a single layer of water permeable concrete, and also by the ease of fixing of wood pieces concrete plants. The vegetation 6 in the exposed region 5 can be expanded to the covered region 4.

すなわち、木片コンクリート板3は、多数の木片を該木片同士に間隙が生じるようにセメント含有物質としてのセメントミルクで相互に固結させて構成してあり、かかる構成により、木片同士の間隙に植物の根を伸張させて該木片に絡みつかせ、あるいは間隙を介して裏法面2に根を伸張させることで、植物をしっかりと支える定着機能を発揮する。   That is, the wood piece concrete board 3 is constituted by solidifying a large number of pieces of wood with cement milk as a cement-containing material so that gaps are formed between the pieces of wood, and with this configuration, plants are placed in the gaps between the pieces of wood. By extending the root of the tree and tangling it with the piece of wood, or by extending the root to the back slope 2 through a gap, it exerts a fixing function that firmly supports the plant.

木片コンクリート板3は、その厚さを10mm以上30mm以下、特に20mm以上30mm以下とするのが望ましい。10mm未満では、強度が不足して搬送時や法面に固定する際の釘打ち作業時に破損するおそれがあり、30mmを越えると、重量が大きくなって作業性が低下するからである。   The wood chip concrete board 3 preferably has a thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, particularly 20 mm to 30 mm. If the thickness is less than 10 mm, the strength is insufficient, and there is a risk of breakage at the time of carrying or nailing when fixing to a slope, and if it exceeds 30 mm, the weight increases and the workability decreases.

また、木片コンクリート板3は、施工能率を低下させることなく、作業員が持ち運ぶことができるように、その大きさを300mm×300mm以上、500mm×500mm以下、特に、400mm×400mm以上、500mm×500mm以下とするのが望ましい。   Moreover, the size of the wood chip concrete plate 3 is 300 mm × 300 mm or more, 500 mm × 500 mm or less, particularly 400 mm × 400 mm or more, 500 mm × 500 mm, so that the worker can carry it without reducing the construction efficiency. The following is desirable.

木片コンクリート板3を製造するには、木片とセメントと少量の水とをミキサー内で混合して木片の表面にセメントミルクを絡ませるようにし、かかる状態で板状物製作用型枠内に投入し、適宜プレスをかけながら硬化乾燥させ、板状に成形すればよい。   In order to manufacture the wooden piece concrete board 3, the wooden piece, cement and a small amount of water are mixed in a mixer so that the cement milk is entangled on the surface of the wooden piece, and in this state, it is put into a plate-shaped product working form. Then, it may be cured and dried while being appropriately pressed and formed into a plate shape.

ここで、セメントミルクが多すぎると、製造された木片コンクリート内の間隙が少なくなり、セメントペーストが少なすぎると、木片同士を固結させる強度が不足して板状体としての強度が不足するため、セメント及び水の量は、かかる観点を考慮して適宜決定する。   Here, if there is too much cement milk, there will be less gaps in the manufactured wood piece concrete, and if there is too little cement paste, the strength to solidify the wood pieces will be insufficient and the strength as a plate will be insufficient. The amount of cement and water is appropriately determined in consideration of this viewpoint.

また、木片は、板状体としての強度を確保しつつ、それらの間に間隙が確実に形成されるよう、大きさを10mm以上30mm以下とするのが望ましい。   Moreover, it is desirable that the wood pieces have a size of 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less so that a gap is reliably formed between them while ensuring the strength as a plate-like body.

木片コンクリート板3をこのような条件で製造すると、質量を1〜3kg、曲げ破壊荷重を400N程度以上、曲げ強さを0.7N/mm2程度以上にすることが可能であり、上述したように施工能率と作業性の両方を確保することができる。 When the wood chip concrete board 3 is manufactured under such conditions, it is possible to make the mass 1 to 3 kg, the bending fracture load to about 400 N or more, and the bending strength to about 0.7 N / mm 2 or more. In addition, it is possible to ensure both construction efficiency and workability.

一方、木片コンクリート板3は矩形状に成形してあるとともに、図1(b)でよくわかるように、被覆領域4と露出領域5とが市松状に交互に並ぶように裏法面2に配置してあり、かかる構成により、露出領域5における植生6が被覆領域4に拡大しやすいようになっている。   On the other hand, the wood piece concrete board 3 is formed in a rectangular shape, and as shown in FIG. 1 (b), it is arranged on the back slope 2 so that the covered areas 4 and the exposed areas 5 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern. Thus, with this configuration, the vegetation 6 in the exposed region 5 is easily expanded into the covered region 4.

本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造1を構築するには、上述した木片コンクリート板3を施工現場に予め搬入しあるいは現地にて製作した後、該木片コンクリート板を、被覆領域4と露出領域5とが市松状に交互に並ぶように裏法面2に配置する。木片コンクリート板3は、ピンやアンカーなどを用いて裏法面2に適宜固定すればよい。   In order to construct the embankment erosion prevention structure 1 according to the present embodiment, the above-mentioned timber concrete board 3 is brought into the construction site in advance or manufactured on-site, and then the timber concrete board is covered with the covering region 4 and the exposed region. Arranged on the back slope 2 so that 5 and 5 are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern. The wood piece concrete board 3 should just be suitably fixed to the back slope 2 using a pin, an anchor, etc.

次に、木片コンクリート板3で被覆された残りの領域、すなわち露出領域5に植栽6を施す。植栽6は、播種、苗木の植付けなど任意にその方法を選択することができる。   Next, planting 6 is applied to the remaining area covered with the wood chip concrete plate 3, that is, the exposed area 5. The method for planting 6 can be selected arbitrarily such as sowing and planting seedlings.

本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造1においては、集中豪雨等で河川の水位が上昇して該河川の流水が堤防11を越えたとき、河川の流水は図3に示すように、越流水となって堤防11の裏法面2を流下するが、被覆領域4においては、木片コンクリート板3が裏法面2を侵食から保護し、露出領域5においては、地盤内に根を伸張させた植物がやはり裏法面2を侵食から保護する。   In the embankment erosion prevention structure 1 according to the present embodiment, when the river level rises due to heavy rain and the river water flows over the embankment 11, the river water flows as shown in FIG. In the covered area 4, the wood concrete plate 3 protected the back slope 2 from erosion, and in the exposed area 5, the roots were extended into the ground. The plant still protects back slope 2 from erosion.

一方、越流が生じる状況においては、表法面や堤防天端からの浸透も当然懸念されるが、かかる浸透水は図3に併せて示したように、被覆領域4においては、木片コンクリート板3を介して堤防11の外側に排水され、露出領域5においては、地肌から堤防11の外側に直接排水されるので、堤防11内で湿潤線が上昇することはない。   On the other hand, in the situation where overflow occurs, there is a natural concern about seepage from the slope and the top of the embankment. However, as shown in FIG. 3 is drained to the outside of the embankment 11 and is directly drained from the ground to the outside of the embankment 11 in the exposed region 5, so that the wet line does not rise in the embankment 11.

以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造1によれば、堤防11の裏法面2を2つの領域に分け、そのうちの一方の領域を、裏法面2の地肌が露出する露出領域5、他方の領域を、木片コンクリート板3で被覆される被覆領域4とし、露出領域5には植栽6を施したので、施工当初から裏法面2の全体にわたって侵食防止機能が発揮されるとともに、露出領域5に施した植栽6が被覆領域4にその植生を拡大し、やがては裏法面全体を覆うため、長期的には侵食防止機能がさらに向上する。また、裏法面2全体で排水機能が確保されるため、浸透による法面安定性の低下も未然に回避される。   As described above, according to the embankment erosion prevention structure 1 according to the present embodiment, the back slope 2 of the levee 11 is divided into two regions, and one of the regions is exposed to the background of the back slope 2. Since the exposed area 5 and the other area are the covered area 4 covered with the wood piece concrete board 3 and the exposed area 5 is planted 6, the erosion prevention function is provided over the entire back slope 2 from the beginning of construction. In addition, the vegetation 6 applied to the exposed region 5 expands its vegetation to the covered region 4 and eventually covers the entire back slope, so that the erosion prevention function is further improved in the long term. Moreover, since the drainage function is ensured in the entire back slope 2, a decrease in slope stability due to infiltration can be avoided in advance.

また、本実施形態に係る堤防の侵食防止構造1によれば、植生基材が積層されない木片コンクリート板3の単一層で透水性被覆層を構成したので、上述した侵食防止機能及び排水機能は、露出領域5に植え付けられた植物の成長に伴ってさらに向上する。   Moreover, according to the erosion prevention structure 1 of the embankment according to the present embodiment, since the water-permeable covering layer is constituted by a single layer of the wood piece concrete plate 3 on which the vegetation base material is not laminated, the erosion prevention function and the drainage function described above are It further improves as the plant planted in the exposed region 5 grows.

すなわち、露出領域5に植栽6を施してから所定期間が経過し、露出領域5で成長した植物の種子が木片コンクリート板3に飛散しあるいは根が伸張したとき、植物は、木片コンクリート板3を構成する木片同士の間隙を介してその根を地盤に伸張させ、やがては被覆領域4においてもしっかりと植生を拡大し、植物による侵食防止機能が大幅に向上する。   That is, when a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the planting 6 was applied to the exposed area 5 and the seeds of the plant grown in the exposed area 5 were scattered on the wood chip concrete board 3 or the roots were extended, the plant was treated with the wood chip concrete board 3. The roots are stretched to the ground through the gaps between the pieces of wood constituting the vegetation, and eventually the vegetation is firmly expanded even in the covered region 4, and the erosion prevention function by the plant is greatly improved.

一方、施工当初においては、植栽6の範囲が露出領域5に限られるとともに、植生基材の吹付けも不要であるため、植物を用いた侵食防止のための初期コストが大幅に軽減される。加えて、木片コンクリート板3により、裏法面2での侵食防止機能が施工当初から発揮されるため、従来のように植物の生長を急ぐ必要がなくなり、その結果、外来種ではなく、在来種を選択することが可能となり、かくして、刈取りやその処分のための維持管理負担が大幅に軽減される。加えて、かかるコスト削減効果は、木片コンクリート板3に植生が拡大した段階で一層顕著となる。   On the other hand, at the beginning of construction, the range of the planting 6 is limited to the exposed region 5 and the spraying of the vegetation base material is unnecessary, so the initial cost for preventing erosion using the plant is greatly reduced. . In addition, the timber concrete board 3 provides the function of preventing erosion on the back slope 2 from the beginning of construction, so there is no need to rush plant growth as in the past, and as a result, it is not an exotic species but a native species. Species can be selected, thus greatly reducing the maintenance burden for cutting and disposal. In addition, this cost reduction effect becomes more prominent at the stage where vegetation is expanded on the wood piece concrete board 3.

本実施形態では、予め硬化させてなる木片コンクリート板3で透水性被覆層を構成したが、これに代えて、未だ硬化していない木片コンクリートを現場施工しこれを硬化させることで透水性被覆層を構成するようしてもかまわない。   In the present embodiment, the water-permeable coating layer is constituted by the wood piece concrete plate 3 that has been hardened in advance. Instead, the water-permeable coating layer is obtained by constructing the wood piece concrete that has not yet been hardened and curing it. It does not matter if they are configured.

かかる構成においては、まず、裏法面2のうち、被覆領域4に型枠を設置するとともに必要に応じてラスを敷設し、しかる後、該ラスの上からセメントミルクと多数の木片とを含む混練物を吹き付けることで、木片コンクリートからなる透水性被覆層を形成する。   In such a configuration, first, a mold is installed in the covering region 4 of the back slope 2, and a lath is laid as necessary, and then cement milk and a large number of pieces of wood are included from above the lath. By spraying the kneaded material, a water-permeable coating layer made of wood piece concrete is formed.

混練物は、木片とセメント含有物質としてのセメントミルクとを混合して構成してあり、セメントミルクが硬化した状態において、木片同士の間に空隙が形成された状態で該木片が相互に固結されるように、木片及びセメントミルクの混合割合を設定する。   The kneaded product is configured by mixing wood pieces and cement milk as a cement-containing substance. When the cement milk is hardened, the wood pieces are solidified in a state where voids are formed between the wood pieces. Set the mixing ratio of wood chips and cement milk.

具体的には、セメントミルクを木片の量に対して貧配合とし、ミキサー内で木片の周囲にセメントミルクを付着させるように混合し、かかる状態で木片を吹き付けるのが望ましい。   Specifically, it is desirable that cement milk is poorly mixed with the amount of wood pieces, mixed so that the cement milk adheres around the wood pieces in a mixer, and the wood pieces are sprayed in such a state.

かかる混練物を吹き付けるにあたっては、例えば数cm程度の大きさの木片とセメントミルクとをそれぞれ必要な量だけ計量槽で計量し、これらをミキサーに投入して混合した後、例えばコンクリート吹付機を用いてその吹付けノズルから噴出するようにすればよい。   When spraying such a kneaded product, for example, a piece of wood having a size of about several centimeters and cement milk are weighed in a measuring tank in a necessary amount, and after they are put into a mixer and mixed, for example, using a concrete sprayer It is only necessary to eject from the spray nozzle.

また、本実施形態では、被覆領域4と露出領域5とが市松状に交互に並ぶように、透水性被覆層である木片コンクリート板3を裏法面2に配置したが、被覆領域と露出領域とをどのように組み合わせるか、あるいはそれらをどのような平面形状にするかは任意であって、例えば上述した構成に代えて、図4又は図5に示す構成を採用することができる。   Moreover, in this embodiment, although the wood chip concrete board 3 which is a water-permeable coating layer has been arrange | positioned in the back slope 2 so that the covering area | region 4 and the exposure area | region 5 may be located in a checkered pattern alternately, Are arbitrarily combined with each other or in a planar shape, and for example, the configuration shown in FIG. 4 or 5 can be adopted instead of the above-described configuration.

図4に示す変形例に係る堤防の侵食防止構造21は上述の実施形態と同様、侵食防止対象となる裏法面2のうち、一部を裏法面2の地肌が露出する露出領域5bとし、残りの部分を透水性被覆層としての木片コンクリート板3で覆われた被覆領域4bとするとともに、露出領域5bを植栽6の範囲としてあるが、矩形状に成形されてなる木片コンクリート板3は同図でよくわかるように、露出領域5bが格子状となるよう、互いに離間させて裏法面2に配置してある。   As in the above-described embodiment, the embankment erosion prevention structure 21 according to the modification shown in FIG. 4 is a part of the back slope 2 to be erosion-prevented, which is an exposed area 5b where the background of the back slope 2 is exposed. The remaining portion is a covered region 4b covered with a wood piece concrete plate 3 as a water-permeable coating layer, and the exposed region 5b is a range of planting 6, but the wood piece concrete plate 3 formed into a rectangular shape. As can be clearly seen in the figure, the exposed regions 5b are arranged on the back surface 2 so as to be spaced apart from each other so as to form a lattice shape.

かかる構成においても、上述の実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏するとともに、木片コンクリート板3に代えて、未硬化の木片コンクリートを吹き付けて硬化させることができる点についても上述したと同様であるが、ここではその説明を省略する。   Even in such a configuration, while having the same effect as the above-described embodiment, it is the same as described above in that it can be cured by spraying uncured wood piece concrete instead of the wood piece concrete plate 3. The description is omitted here.

図5に示す変形例に係る堤防の侵食防止構造31は上述の実施形態と同様、侵食防止対象となる裏法面2のうち、一部を裏法面2の地肌が露出する露出領域5cとし、残りの部分を透水性被覆層としての木片コンクリート32で覆われた被覆領域4cとするとともに、露出領域5cを植栽6の範囲としてあるが、木片コンクリート32は同図でよくわかるように、被覆領域4cが格子状となるよう、かつそれらに囲まれた矩形領域がそれぞれ露出領域5cとなるように、裏法面2に配置してある。   As in the above-described embodiment, the embankment erosion prevention structure 31 according to the modification shown in FIG. 5 is a part of the back slope 2 to be erosion-prevented, which is an exposed region 5c where the background of the back slope 2 is exposed. The remaining portion is a covered region 4c covered with wood piece concrete 32 as a water-permeable coating layer, and the exposed region 5c is a range of planting 6, but the wood piece concrete 32 is well understood in the figure, It arrange | positions on the back slope 2 so that the covering area | region 4c may become a grid | lattice form, and the rectangular area | region enclosed by them may become the exposure area | region 5c, respectively.

木片コンクリート32は、格子状の型枠を裏法面2に建て込んだ後、未硬化の木片コンクリートを型枠内に吹き付けて硬化させるのが望ましい。   It is desirable that the wood piece concrete 32 is hardened by spraying unhardened wood piece concrete into the mold frame after building a lattice-shaped mold frame on the back slope 2.

かかる構成においても、上述の実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏するが、ここではその説明を省略する。   Even in such a configuration, the same effects as those of the above-described embodiment are obtained, but the description thereof is omitted here.

また、本実施形態では、本発明の透水性被覆層を木片コンクリート板3で構成したが、これに代えて、図6に示すように、透水性コンクリート層41とその上に積層された植生基材層42との二層構造で透水性被覆層43を構成し、該透水性被覆層で堤防11の裏法面2を被覆して被覆領域4dとするとともに、残りを露出領域5dとし、植栽6を施すようにしてもよい。   Moreover, in this embodiment, although the water-permeable coating layer of this invention was comprised with the wood piece concrete board 3, instead of this, as shown in FIG. 6, the water-permeable concrete layer 41 and the vegetation base laminated | stacked on it The water-permeable covering layer 43 is composed of a two-layer structure with the material layer 42, and the back slope 2 of the levee 11 is covered with the water-permeable covering layer to form a covering area 4d, and the rest is set as an exposed area 5d. You may make it give the tree 6.

透水性コンクリート層41は、例えばポーラスコンクリートで形成するとともに、植生基材層42は、肥料、水、チップ材、粘着剤等を攪拌混合した水性スラリーの吹付け物で構成することができる。なお、被覆領域4dは、周囲に拡がる露出領域5dからの植生拡大が見込まれるので、従来の植生基材層とは異なり、植物の種子を混入する必要はない。   The water-permeable concrete layer 41 is formed of, for example, porous concrete, and the vegetation base material layer 42 can be formed of a sprayed product of an aqueous slurry obtained by stirring and mixing fertilizer, water, a chip material, an adhesive, and the like. In addition, since the vegetation expansion from the exposed area | region 5d which spreads to the circumference | surroundings is anticipated, the coating area | region 4d does not need to mix the seed of a plant unlike the conventional vegetation base material layer.

かかる変形例においては、植生基材層42の吹付けに初期コストがかかるとともに、透水性コンクリート層41による植物の定着性は、ポーラスコンクリートゆえの空隙やひび割れを介した根の伸張によるしかないため、木片コンクリートほどは期待できないが、透水性コンクリート層41と植栽6によって施工当初から侵食防止機能が発揮されるとともに、露出領域5dでの植生が被覆領域4dに拡大して侵食防止機能が向上する点や、透水性コンクリート層41によって、裏法面2全体で排水機能が発揮される点あるいは植栽の維持管理負担が軽減される点については、上述の実施形態と同様であり、その説明についてはここでは省略する。   In such a modification, the initial cost is required for spraying the vegetation base material layer 42, and the fixability of the plant by the water-permeable concrete layer 41 is only due to elongation of the roots through voids and cracks due to porous concrete. Although not as much as wood chip concrete, the permeable concrete layer 41 and the planting 6 provide an erosion prevention function from the beginning of construction, and the vegetation in the exposed area 5d is expanded to the covered area 4d to improve the erosion prevention function. It is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment about the point to perform, the point by which the drainage function is exhibited in the whole back slope 2 by the water-permeable concrete layer 41, or the point by which the maintenance management burden of planting is reduced. Is omitted here.

なお、かかる変形例は、図1と同様、被覆領域4dと露出領域5dとが市松状に交互に並ぶように透水性被覆層43を裏法面2に配置してなるが、被覆領域と露出領域の配置形態は任意であって、図4や図5で説明した配置形態も可能であることは言うまでもない。   In this modification, the water-permeable coating layer 43 is arranged on the back surface 2 so that the covered regions 4d and the exposed regions 5d are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern, as in FIG. Needless to say, the arrangement form of the regions is arbitrary, and the arrangement form described in FIGS. 4 and 5 is also possible.

1,21,31 堤防の侵食防止構造
2 裏法面
3 木片コンクリート板(透水性被覆層)
4,4b,4c 被覆領域
5,5b,5c 露出領域
6 植栽
11 堤防
32 木片コンクリート(透水性被覆層)
41 透水性コンクリート層
42 植生基材層
1,21,31 Embankment erosion prevention structure 2 Back slope 3 Wood chip concrete board (permeable coating layer)
4, 4b, 4c Covering area 5, 5b, 5c Exposed area 6 Planting 11 Embankment 32 Wood chip concrete (water-permeable coating layer)
41 Water permeable concrete layer 42 Vegetation base material layer

Claims (8)

堤防の裏法面のうち、一部を露出領域として露出させて該露出領域に植生を施すとともに、残りを透水性被覆層で被覆して被覆領域とし、前記透水性被覆層に透水性コンクリート層が含まれるようにかつ前記露出領域の植生が前記被覆領域に拡大可能となるように該透水性被覆層を構成したことを特徴とする堤防の侵食防止構造。 A part of the back slope of the levee is exposed as an exposed region and vegetation is applied to the exposed region, and the rest is coated with a water-permeable coating layer to form a coating region, and the water-permeable coating layer is coated with a water-permeable concrete layer. An embankment erosion prevention structure characterized in that the permeable coating layer is configured so that the vegetation of the exposed region can be expanded to the covered region. 前記透水性被覆層を、透水性コンクリート層とその上に積層された植生基材層との二層構造とした請求項1記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The embankment erosion prevention structure according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable covering layer has a two-layer structure of a water permeable concrete layer and a vegetation base material layer laminated thereon. 前記透水性被覆層を、透水性コンクリートの単一層で構成するとともに該透水性コンクリートを木片コンクリートで構成した請求項1記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The structure according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable covering layer is constituted by a single layer of water-permeable concrete and the water-permeable concrete is constituted by wood piece concrete. 前記木片コンクリートを、予め硬化させた木片コンクリート板で構成した請求項3記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The levee erosion prevention structure according to claim 3, wherein the wood piece concrete is constituted by a wood piece concrete plate hardened in advance. 前記木片コンクリートを、未だ硬化していない木片コンクリートを現場施工して硬化させることで構成した請求項3記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The structure for preventing erosion of a levee according to claim 3, wherein the wood piece concrete is constructed by applying on-site construction of wood piece concrete that has not yet been hardened. 前記被覆領域と前記露出領域とが市松状に交互に並ぶように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置した請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The levee erosion prevention structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-permeable coating layer is arranged on the back surface so that the covering region and the exposed region are alternately arranged in a checkered pattern. 前記被覆領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が前記露出領域となるように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置した請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The levee according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-permeable covering layer is arranged on the back slope so that the covering region is in a lattice shape and each rectangular region surrounded by the covering region is the exposed region. Erosion prevention structure. 前記露出領域が格子状となりそれらに囲まれた各矩形領域が前記被覆領域となるように前記透水性被覆層を前記裏法面に配置した請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一記載の堤防の侵食防止構造。 The levee according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-permeable covering layer is arranged on the back slope so that the exposed areas are in a lattice shape and each rectangular area surrounded by the exposed areas is the covering area. Erosion prevention structure.
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