JP2011126981A - Method of manufacturing charcoal - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing charcoal Download PDF

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JP2011126981A
JP2011126981A JP2009285870A JP2009285870A JP2011126981A JP 2011126981 A JP2011126981 A JP 2011126981A JP 2009285870 A JP2009285870 A JP 2009285870A JP 2009285870 A JP2009285870 A JP 2009285870A JP 2011126981 A JP2011126981 A JP 2011126981A
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palm
trunk
charcoal
root
plant
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JP5556163B2 (en
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Hidekazu Tsuruta
秀和 鶴田
Minoru Asanuma
稔 浅沼
Teruo Fujibayashi
晃夫 藤林
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing charcoal, having a low content of chlorine by using a stem of a plant such as palm coconut and suitable to be used in iron manufacturing process. <P>SOLUTION: In the method of manufacturing charcoal, when manufacturing charcoal by using plant stems as raw material, a part 1 with at least the 1/4 length of the whole length is discarded and the remaining part, the stem 2, is used as the raw material to be carbonated. For the stem of the plant, stems of palm coconuts are used, and the part 1 discarded from the stem is preferably used as fuel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、パームヤシ等の植物の幹から製造する、製鉄プロセスで使用するのに好適な炭の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing charcoal suitable for use in an iron making process, which is produced from the trunk of a plant such as palm palm.

パーム油は、世界で約３６００万トン／年生産され、そのうちの約９割がマレーシアとインドネシアの２カ国で生産される農産物である。パーム油はパームヤシの実から製造され、大豆油等と比較し安価であることから、食用油のほか洗剤など工業用途にも多用されている。パームヤシは高木になると実の採取が困難になること、また樹齢が２０年程度を経過すると実の生産性が低下することから、２０〜２５年の間隔で伐採し、新たに再植林されている。伐採後のパームヤシの幹は多くの場合プランテーション内で放置されており腐食によるメタンガスなど温室効果ガス（ＧＨＧ）の発生による地球温暖化促進が懸念される。   Palm oil is produced around 36 million tons / year worldwide, of which about 90% is an agricultural product produced in Malaysia and Indonesia. Palm oil is produced from palm fruit and is less expensive than soybean oil, so it is often used for industrial applications such as edible oils and detergents. Since palm trees become taller, it becomes difficult to collect fruits, and when the age of the tree is about 20 years old, the productivity of fruits decreases, so it is cut and replanted every 20 to 25 years. . Palm tree trunks after logging are often left in plantations, and there is concern over the promotion of global warming due to the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane gas due to corrosion.

このようなパームヤシ（オイルパーム）の幹を利用して植物繊維粉末食品、エタノール、乳酸等を製造する技術が知られている（例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２参照。）。   Techniques for producing plant fiber powder food, ethanol, lactic acid and the like using such a palm palm (oil palm) trunk are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

特開平０８−２２１号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-221 特開２００８−１７８３５５号公報JP 2008-178355 A

上記の技術はパームヤシの幹の部分を利用するものであるが、炭化に関するものではない。大部分が伐採されたまま放置され腐食しＧＨＧの発生が懸念されるパームヤシの幹を用いて炭を製造し、製鉄プロセスで使用される石炭の代替として多量に使用することができれば、化石資源消費量を低減し、ＧＨＧの発生を低減させ、地球温暖化問題の解決に寄与することが可能となる。   The above technique uses the palm of the palm, but is not related to carbonization. If you can produce charcoal using the trunk of palm palm, where most of it is left uncut and corroded, and there is a concern about the occurrence of GHG, if it can be used in large quantities as a substitute for coal used in the steelmaking process, fossil resource consumption It is possible to reduce the amount, reduce the generation of GHG, and contribute to solving the global warming problem.

一方で、製鉄プロセスにおいては、高炉やコークス炉において廃プラスチックを石炭の代替として利用する技術が確立されているが、廃プラスチックに含有される塩化ビニルなどに由来する塩素は、発生する塩化水素ガスによる装置の腐食など操業に支障をきたす恐れがあるために塩素投入量が管理されている。そのため、廃プラスチックの場合は前処理により塩化ビニルなどの塩素含有プラスチックを除き、廃プラスチックの塩素含有量を制限している。例えば、高炉操業では投入される塩素量の上限を設け操業管理している。パームヤシの幹を原料として炭を製造する場合も、塩素含有量が低いことが望ましく、塩素含有量が低いほど、パームヤシの幹から製造した炭の使用量を製鉄プロセスにおいて増やすことが可能となる。   On the other hand, in the steelmaking process, technology that uses waste plastic as an alternative to coal in blast furnaces and coke ovens has been established. Chlorine derived from vinyl chloride contained in waste plastic is generated by hydrogen chloride gas. Chlorine input is controlled because there is a risk of troubles in operation such as corrosion of the equipment. Therefore, in the case of waste plastics, the chlorine content of waste plastics is restricted by removing chlorine-containing plastics such as vinyl chloride by pretreatment. For example, in blast furnace operation, the upper limit of the amount of chlorine to be introduced is set and managed. Also when producing charcoal using palm palm trunk as a raw material, it is desirable that the chlorine content is low, and the lower the chlorine content, the more the amount of charcoal produced from palm palm trunk can be increased in the iron making process.

したがって本発明の目的は、このような従来技術の課題を解決し、パームヤシ等の植物の幹の部分を用いて、塩素含有量の低い、製鉄プロセスで使用するのに好適な炭の製造方法を提供することにある。   Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and to use a stem portion of a plant such as palm palm to produce a charcoal production method suitable for use in an iron making process with a low chlorine content. It is to provide.

このような課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は以下の通りである。
（１）植物の幹を原料として炭を製造する際に、前記幹の根元から少なくとも全長の１／４長さ部分を除去し、残部の幹を炭の原料として炭化することを特徴とする炭の製造方法。
（２）植物の幹として、ヤシ類の幹を用いることを特徴とする（１）に記載の炭の製造方法。
（３）幹から除去した部分を燃料として使用することを特徴とする（１）または（２）に記載の炭の製造方法。 The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) When producing charcoal using a plant trunk as a raw material, charcoal is characterized in that at least a quarter length of the full length is removed from the root of the trunk and the remaining trunk is carbonized as a charcoal raw material. Manufacturing method.
(2) The method for producing charcoal according to (1), wherein a palm trunk is used as a plant trunk.
(3) The method for producing charcoal according to (1) or (2), wherein a portion removed from the trunk is used as fuel.

本発明によれば、大部分が伐採されたまま放置され腐食しＧＨＧの発生が懸念されるパームヤシの幹等の植物の幹を用いて炭を製造することができるので、製鉄プロセスで使用される石炭の代替として使用することにより、化石資源消費量を低減し、ＧＨＧの発生を低減させ、地球温暖化問題の解決に寄与する。   According to the present invention, charcoal can be produced using the trunk of a plant such as a palm palm trunk that is mostly left uncut and corroded and corroded, and there is a concern about the occurrence of GHG. By using it as an alternative to coal, it reduces fossil resource consumption, reduces the generation of GHG, and contributes to the solution of the global warming problem.

また、パームオイル産業の収益性の向上、パームヤシ栽培地の環境改善などを通じて、東南アジアを中心とするパームオイル産業国の発展にも寄与することができる。   In addition, it can contribute to the development of palm oil industry countries, mainly in Southeast Asia, by improving the profitability of the palm oil industry and improving the environment of palm palm cultivation areas.

炭化プロセスを示す概略図。Schematic showing the carbonization process. 炭化実験装置の概略図。Schematic of a carbonization experiment apparatus. 本発明で用いる植物の概略図。Schematic of the plant used by this invention.

本発明者らは、植物の幹の部分を原料として用いて、塩素含有量の低い炭を製造する方法について検討した。そして、植物の幹は成長の過程で肥料成分とともに土壌中の塩素を吸収し蓄積するが、その蓄積状態は幹の全長方向に対して根元に近い部分では高く、中央より上部では低いという特徴を持つことを見出した。例えば、パームヤシの幹を炭化し、得られた炭の成分を分析したところ、根元に近い部分のパームヤシの幹を原料とした炭では塩素濃度が０．５ｍａｓｓ％であったが、中央部から上部のパームヤシの幹を原料とした場合には０．１ｍａｓｓ％であった。したがって、幹の全長方向に塩素濃度の分布がある植物の幹を原料として炭を製造する際に、塩素濃度の高い根元に近い部分を除去し、塩素濃度の低い残部の幹（中央部、上部）を選択的に炭の原料として炭化することで、塩素含有量の低い炭を製造することが可能となる。   The present inventors examined a method for producing charcoal having a low chlorine content using a plant trunk as a raw material. The plant trunk absorbs and accumulates chlorine in the soil along with fertilizer components during the growth process, but the accumulation state is high in the part near the root with respect to the full-length direction of the trunk and low in the upper part from the center. I found it to have. For example, carbonization of a palm palm trunk and analysis of the components of the obtained charcoal revealed that the chlorine concentration was 0.5 mass% in the charcoal made from palm palm trunk in the portion close to the root. When using a palm palm trunk as a raw material, it was 0.1 mass%. Therefore, when producing charcoal using plant stems with a distribution of chlorine concentration in the full length direction of the trunk as a raw material, the portion close to the root with high chlorine concentration is removed, and the remaining trunk with low chlorine concentration (center, upper part) ) Can be selectively carbonized as a raw material for charcoal to produce charcoal with a low chlorine content.

上記のように幹が長く、幹の全長方向に塩素濃度の分布があるパームヤシは本発明に好適に用いることができる。この他に、ヤシ類の幹を本発明に用いることが好ましい。パームヤシなどのヤシ類の一部は、根元から枝分かれすることなく成長し、頂部に集中して茎、葉が発生し、結実する特徴がある。このため幹はパームヤシの成木では根元から頂部まで高さ約１０ｍ、直径約４０ｃｍの丸太状に成長し、高さ方向で部位ごとに分別した活用が可能である。   As described above, palm palm having a long trunk and a chlorine concentration distribution in the full length direction of the trunk can be suitably used in the present invention. In addition, it is preferable to use a coconut trunk in the present invention. A part of palms such as palm palm grows without branching from the root, and has a feature that stems and leaves are concentrated on the top to produce fruit. For this reason, the trunk grows into a log having a height of about 10 m and a diameter of about 40 cm from the base to the top in an adult palm palm tree, and can be used by separating the parts in the height direction.

図３に、本発明で用いる植物の概略図を示す。図３において、植物の幹２０の根元２１とは、通常チェーンソーなどで地表面から約５０ｃｍの高さで幹を切断する場合の切断位置を意味するものとする。また頂部２２とは、幹２０から枝や葉２３が発生する幹の上部部分のことを意味するものとする。また幹の全長２４とは、根元２１と頂部２２との間の部分の長さを意味し、パームヤシの成木では約１０ｍである。２５は地表面である。   In FIG. 3, the schematic of the plant used by this invention is shown. In FIG. 3, the root 21 of the plant trunk 20 means a cutting position when the trunk is cut at a height of about 50 cm from the ground surface with a normal chain saw or the like. The top portion 22 means the upper portion of the trunk where branches and leaves 23 are generated from the trunk 20. Moreover, the full length 24 of a trunk means the length of the part between the root 21 and the top part 22, and is about 10 m in the mature palm palm. Reference numeral 25 denotes the ground surface.

製鉄プロセスで使用される代表的な微粉炭銘柄の塩素濃度を調査したところ０．１ｍａｓｓ％以下であった。パームヤシ幹から製造した炭は、現状使用されている微粉炭よりも塩素濃度が高くなるために、製鉄プロセスに投入可能な総塩素量以下に抑制する必要がある。製鉄プロセスに投入可能な総塩素量の決定は、微粉炭以外の原料に由来する塩素量などを含めて検討し、操業管理値として条件を定めることが一般的に行われている。ここで、下記の実施例に示すように、パームヤシの幹を原料として製造した炭において根元に近い部位では、それを除いた部位と比較して５倍以上の量の塩素を含む場合があることがわかった。パームヤシを用いる場合、パームヤシの幹の全長のうち、根元から少なくとも全長の１／４長さ部分を、多くても全長の３／８長さ部分を除去することが好ましい。幹の塩素濃度の高い部分は根元に近い部分であるので、製鉄プロセスでそのまま使用するのに適当な塩素含有量の炭を製造するには、根元から少なくとも全長の１／４長さ部分を、多くても全長の３／８長さ部分を除去することで十分である。根元から全長の１／４長さ部分を除去することにより、製鉄プロセスに投入可能な塩素濃度管理の観点からは、根元に近い部位から製造した炭化物の５倍の量の炭化物を使用することが可能となる。根本から全長の３／８長さを超える部分まで除去すると炭の製造コストが増加するため、好ましくない。   When the chlorine concentration of a representative pulverized coal brand used in the iron making process was investigated, it was 0.1 mass% or less. The charcoal produced from the palm palm trunk has a higher chlorine concentration than the pulverized coal currently used, and therefore it is necessary to suppress it to less than the total amount of chlorine that can be input into the iron making process. The determination of the total amount of chlorine that can be input to the iron making process is generally performed by considering the amount of chlorine derived from raw materials other than pulverized coal and setting conditions as operation management values. Here, as shown in the following examples, in the charcoal produced using palm palm trunk as a raw material, the portion close to the root may contain five times more chlorine than the portion excluding it. I understood. When using palm palm, it is preferable to remove at least ¼ length part of the full length from the root, and at most 3/8 length part of the full length of the palm palm trunk. Since the high chlorine concentration part of the trunk is a part close to the root, in order to produce charcoal having a chlorine content suitable for use as it is in the iron making process, at least a quarter length of the entire length from the root, It is sufficient to remove at most 3/8 length of the entire length. From the viewpoint of chlorine concentration control that can be input to the steelmaking process by removing a quarter length of the entire length from the base, it is possible to use a carbide that is five times the amount of carbide manufactured from a part close to the base. It becomes possible. Removing from the root to a part exceeding 3/8 of the total length increases the production cost of charcoal, which is not preferable.

除去した塩素濃度の高い根元に近い部分は、燃料として使用することが好ましい。例えば、パームヤシの幹の全長のうち、根元から全長の１／４長さを燃料とし、残部の根元から全長の１／４の位置から上部を炭の原料として使用することができる。ここでいう燃料には、炭は含まないものとする。   It is preferable to use the removed portion close to the root having a high chlorine concentration as a fuel. For example, out of the total length of the trunk of palm palm, ¼ length of the total length from the root can be used as fuel, and the upper portion from the position of ¼ of the total length from the remaining root can be used as raw material for charcoal. The fuel here does not include charcoal.

植物の幹は、根元に近い部分を除去した後に、破砕することが好ましい。例えばパームヤシの幹は伐採した直後では水分を質量比で７０〜８０％含み、炭化のために投入するエネルギーの多くの部分が含有する水分を蒸発させるために使用されるため効率が低いという問題がある。パームヤシの幹を破砕すると、破砕により小片化されることで、幹の状態と比較して質量あたりの表面積が増加し水分の蒸発が容易となる。また根元に近い部分を破砕し乾燥すると、水分量の減少により燃料として好適に使用することが可能になる。例えば、ロータリーキルン方式の炉体の外側に幹の根元に近い部分から製造した燃料を燃焼して製造した高温ガスを流し、内側に幹の残部から製造した炭の原料として使用する幹を破砕した小片を投入することにより炭を製造すると、石油等を用いることなく植物の幹だけを用いて炭を製造することができ、好ましい。ロータリーキルン方式の炉等の炭化炉では、炭化時に発生する可燃性のガスを燃料として使用してもよい。   The trunk of the plant is preferably crushed after removing the portion close to the root. For example, the trunk of palm palm contains 70 to 80% of water in a mass ratio immediately after cutting, and the efficiency is low because it is used to evaporate the water contained in a large part of energy input for carbonization. is there. When the palm palm trunk is crushed, it is broken into pieces by crushing, so that the surface area per mass is increased compared to the state of the trunk, and the evaporation of moisture is facilitated. Further, when the portion close to the root is crushed and dried, it can be suitably used as a fuel due to a decrease in water content. For example, a small piece of crushed stem used as a raw material for charcoal produced from the remainder of the trunk by flowing high temperature gas produced by burning fuel produced from a portion near the root of the trunk outside the rotary kiln type furnace body It is preferable to produce charcoal by introducing the carbon, since it is possible to produce charcoal using only plant trunks without using petroleum or the like. In a carbonization furnace such as a rotary kiln type furnace, a combustible gas generated during carbonization may be used as a fuel.

以下、本発明の一実施形態として、炭化炉として外熱式のロータリーキルン炉を使用した態様を図１を用いて説明する。なお、炭化炉としてはロータリーキルン炉の他に、バッチ式、シャフト式の炉等の使用が考えられる。以下においては植物の幹としてパームヤシの幹を用いる場合について説明するが、本発明方法は、幹の全長方向に塩素濃度の分布がある植物の幹について適用することができる。   Hereinafter, as an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment in which an external heating type rotary kiln furnace is used as a carbonization furnace will be described with reference to FIG. In addition to the rotary kiln furnace, it is possible to use a batch type or shaft type furnace as the carbonization furnace. Although the case where a palm palm trunk is used as a plant trunk will be described below, the method of the present invention can be applied to a plant trunk having a chlorine concentration distribution in the full length direction of the trunk.

図１は本発明に用いたパームヤシ炭製造のプロセスを示す説明図である。伐採されたパームヤシの幹は、根元から全長の１／４までの高さの部分（Ａ）１と、残部の中央部および上部の部分（Ｂ）２に分離する。そしてそれぞれが、小片に破砕するための破砕機３に投入できるような長さに切断される。切断後のパームヤシの幹は根元から全長の１／４までの高さの部分（Ａ）１と、中央部および上部の部分（Ｂ）２で分別して管理される。したがって、破砕機にはパームヤシの幹の切断物（Ａ）１及び幹の切断物（Ｂ）２を別々に投入し、破砕して得られた小片も破砕物（Ａ）は破砕物貯留槽８に、及び破砕砕物（Ｂ）は破砕物貯留槽４に分別して管理する。   FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a process of producing palm palm charcoal used in the present invention. The felled palm palm trunk is separated into a portion (A) 1 having a height from the root to ¼ of the total length, and a central portion and an upper portion (B) 2 of the remaining portion. And each is cut | disconnected to the length which can be thrown into the crusher 3 for crushing into a small piece. The palm palm trunk after cutting is managed separately by a portion (A) 1 having a height from the root to ¼ of the total length and a central portion and an upper portion (B) 2. Therefore, the palm palm trunk cut (A) 1 and the trunk cut (B) 2 are separately fed into the crusher, and the small pieces obtained by crushing are also crushed (A) in the crushed material storage tank 8. In addition, the crushed crushed material (B) is separated into the crushed material storage tank 4 and managed.

破砕物（Ａ）は燃焼炉６で燃料として消費され、燃焼炉６から発生した高温のガスがロータリーキルン炉５の外側に供給され内側で炭化が進行するためのエネルギーを供給する。燃焼炉６の燃料として破砕物（Ａ）だけでは炭化のエネルギーが不足する場合には、簡便な手法としては化石燃料などを使用することが考えらえるが、パームヤシ関連の廃棄物、例えば、剪定葉、破砕時に発生するパームヤシの幹の粉末、パームヤシの実がなっていたパームヤシの房（Empty Fruit Bunch）、またロータリーキルン炉５の内側で破砕物（Ｂ）が炭化する際に発生する可燃性のガスを使用したほうがＧＨＧ抑制に適しているので好ましい。   The crushed material (A) is consumed as fuel in the combustion furnace 6, and high-temperature gas generated from the combustion furnace 6 is supplied to the outside of the rotary kiln furnace 5 to supply energy for proceeding carbonization inside. If the pulverized material (A) alone is not sufficient as the fuel for the combustion furnace 6, fossil fuel may be used as a simple method, but palm palm-related waste, for example, pruning Combustible material that is generated when carbonized inside the rotary kiln oven 5 It is preferable to use a gas because it is suitable for GHG suppression.

破砕物貯留槽４に貯留された破砕物（Ｂ）はロータリーキルン炉５の内側に供給され炭化される。本実施形態において、炭化温度の下限はパームヤシの幹の炭化が進行する４００℃以上とすることが好ましい。温度の上限は特に定めないが、炭の収率を向上するためにはタール・ガス発生量が少なくなるように低温の方が好ましい。一方で、発生したガスは燃焼炉の燃料として使用することもできる。このような目的等で、ガス発生量を増やすためには炭化温度を高くしたほうが良いが、炉の耐熱設計、メンテナンスのための費用の観点から１０００℃以下であることが好ましい。   The crushed material (B) stored in the crushed material storage tank 4 is supplied to the inside of the rotary kiln furnace 5 and carbonized. In the present embodiment, the lower limit of the carbonization temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher at which the carbonization of the palm palm trunk proceeds. The upper limit of the temperature is not particularly defined, but in order to improve the yield of charcoal, a lower temperature is preferable so that the amount of tar gas generated is reduced. On the other hand, the generated gas can be used as fuel for the combustion furnace. In order to increase the amount of gas generated for such purposes, the carbonization temperature should be raised. However, it is preferably 1000 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of the heat resistance design of the furnace and the cost for maintenance.

以上の操作を繰り返すことにより、パームヤシの幹を炭化し塩素濃度を制限した炭を製造する。   By repeating the above operation, the palm of the palm is carbonized to produce charcoal with a limited chlorine concentration.

得られた炭はロータリーキルン炉５から炭化物の貯留槽７に排出される。そのままでも鉄鋼プロセスで使用可能であるが、必要に応じて成型あるいは微粉にして使用することが好ましい。成型は、傾斜した回転皿で行う転動造粒、円筒状のダイスから押し出す押し出し成型、回転ロール表面のモールドに粉体を供給するブリケッティングロールの圧縮成型機等、通常使用されている成型機を用いて行えば良い。微粉化は通常使用されているローラーミル、ロッドミル等を用いて行えばよい。   The obtained charcoal is discharged from the rotary kiln furnace 5 to the carbide storage tank 7. Although it can be used in the steel process as it is, it is preferable to use it as a molded or fine powder as necessary. Molding is usually used for rolling granulation performed on an inclined rotating dish, extrusion molding extruded from a cylindrical die, briquetting roll compression molding machine that supplies powder to the mold on the surface of the rotating roll, etc. This can be done using a machine. Micronization may be performed using a roller mill, a rod mill or the like that is usually used.

上記のように、パームヤシの幹は炭化物の原料又は燃料として使用することができる。パームヤシの実の生産性が落ちた老木はパームヤシ農園の経営が続く限り継続的に発生し、発生量が多く炭の原料として適しているが、風水害の倒木、病虫害などの理由により伐採されたパームヤシの幹であっても、当然のことながら本発明に好適に用いることができる。パームヤシの若木の幹は、老木に比較すると、根から吸収した塩素総量が比較的少なく、塩素濃度の分布が全長方向にわたって全体的に低く、根元に近い部分も含めて炭の原料として使用できる可能性があるので、本発明の適用が適当でない場合もある。   As mentioned above, palm palm trunks can be used as a raw material or fuel for carbides. Old palm trees that have lost palm palm productivity will continue to be generated as long as the management of the palm palm plantation continues. Of course, it can be suitably used in the present invention. Compared to old trees, palm palm trunks have a relatively low total amount of chlorine absorbed from the roots, and the distribution of chlorine concentration is generally low over the entire length, making it possible to use as a raw material for charcoal, including parts close to the root. Therefore, the application of the present invention may not be appropriate.

図２に示す実験装置を使用し、パームヤシの幹の炭化試験を行った。加熱炉１０は最高加熱温度１２００℃であり、直径４０ｍｍ、長さ３７５ｍｍの加熱範囲を有するものを用い、直径３１ｍｍのパイレックス（登録商標）製の反応管１１の中間部にパームヤシの幹の破砕物１２を保持してＮ2雰囲気下で炭化した。 The experiment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was used, and the carbonization test of the trunk of palm palm was conducted. The heating furnace 10 has a maximum heating temperature of 1200 ° C., has a heating range of 40 mm in diameter and 375 mm in length, and is crushed palm palm trunk in the middle of a Pyrex (registered trademark) reaction tube 11 having a diameter of 31 mm. 12 was retained and carbonized under N 2 atmosphere.

サンプルは全長８ｍのパームヤシの幹を長さ方向に長さ１ｍごとに切断してそれぞれの部分毎に全量を破砕し、破砕物から１５ｇを採取して炭化実験装置に供給した。炭化温度５００℃として炭化した場合の塩素濃度測定結果を表１に示す。   The sample was obtained by cutting a palm palm trunk having a total length of 8 m in the length direction every length of 1 m, crushing the whole amount for each part, collecting 15 g from the crushed material, and supplying it to the carbonization experiment apparatus. Table 1 shows the measurement results of chlorine concentration when carbonized at a carbonization temperature of 500 ° C.

Figure 2011126981
Figure 2011126981

表１において、根元から高さ１ｍまでの部分、高さ１ｍから２ｍまでの部分を併せてパームヤシの幹部位Ａ、高さ２ｍから８ｍまでのそれぞれの部分を併せてパームヤシの幹部位Ｂとした。   In Table 1, a portion from the root to a height of 1 m, a portion from a height of 1 m to 2 m and a palm palm trunk portion A, and a portion from a height of 2 m to 8 m are collectively referred to as a palm palm trunk portion B. .

表１より明らかなように、根元から全長の１／４までの高さの部分に相当するパームヤシの幹部位Ａの塩素濃度の平均は０．５ｍａｓｓ％であり、全長の１／４以上の中央部及び上部に相当するパームヤシの幹部位Ｂの塩素濃度の平均は０．１ｍａｓｓ％である。すなわち、一定の塩素投入量の上限が管理されているプロセスに炭を投入する場合を考えると、塩素濃度管理の観点からは、パームヤシの幹部位Ｂから製造された炭化物はパームヤシの幹部位Ａから製造された炭化物の５倍の量を使用することが可能となることになる。   As is clear from Table 1, the average chlorine concentration of the trunk portion A of the palm palm corresponding to the height from the root to ¼ of the total length is 0.5 mass%, and the center is ¼ or more of the total length. The average of the chlorine concentration of the trunk portion B of the palm palm corresponding to the part and the upper part is 0.1 mass%. That is, considering the case where charcoal is input to a process in which the upper limit of a certain amount of chlorine input is controlled, from the viewpoint of chlorine concentration management, the carbide produced from the palm palm trunk part B is derived from the palm palm trunk part A. It will be possible to use 5 times the amount of carbide produced.

１ パームヤシの幹の根元に近い部分
２ パームヤシの幹の中央部、上部
３ 破砕機
４ 破砕物貯留槽
５ ロータリーキルン炉
６ 燃焼炉
７ 炭化物貯留槽
８ 破砕物貯留槽
１０ 加熱炉
１１ 反応管
１２ パームヤシの幹の破砕物
２０ 幹
２１ 根元
２２ 頂部
２３ 枝、葉
２４ 全長
２５ 地表面 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 The part near the root of a palm palm trunk 2 The center part and upper part of a palm palm trunk 3 Crusher 4 Crushed material storage tank 5 Rotary kiln furnace 6 Combustion furnace 7 Carbide storage tank 8 Crushed material storage tank 10 Heating furnace 11 Reaction tube 12 Palm palm Crushed material of trunk 20 Trunk 21 Root 22 Top 23 Branch, leaf 24 Total length 25 Ground surface

Claims (3)

植物の幹を原料として炭を製造する際に、前記幹の根元から少なくとも全長の１／４長さ部分を除去し、残部の幹を炭の原料として炭化することを特徴とする炭の製造方法。   When producing charcoal using a plant trunk as a raw material, a method for producing charcoal, comprising removing at least a quarter length of the trunk from the root of the trunk and carbonizing the remaining trunk as a raw material for charcoal . 植物の幹として、ヤシ類の幹を用いることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の炭の製造方法。   The method for producing charcoal according to claim 1, wherein a palm trunk is used as the plant trunk. 幹から除去した部分を燃料として使用することを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の炭の製造方法。   The method for producing charcoal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a portion removed from the trunk is used as fuel.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011094040A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Jfe Steel Corp Method of producing charcoal

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06122883A (en) * 1992-02-27 1994-05-06 Masanaka Watanabe Charcoal and fuel using tropical palm
JP2011094040A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Jfe Steel Corp Method of producing charcoal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06122883A (en) * 1992-02-27 1994-05-06 Masanaka Watanabe Charcoal and fuel using tropical palm
JP2011094040A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Jfe Steel Corp Method of producing charcoal

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011094040A (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-05-12 Jfe Steel Corp Method of producing charcoal

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