JP2011123438A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2011123438A
JP2011123438A JP2009283458A JP2009283458A JP2011123438A JP 2011123438 A JP2011123438 A JP 2011123438A JP 2009283458 A JP2009283458 A JP 2009283458A JP 2009283458 A JP2009283458 A JP 2009283458A JP 2011123438 A JP2011123438 A JP 2011123438A
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photosensitive drum
contact
image
contact time
developing roller
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JP5436183B2 (en
JP2011123438A5 (en
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Takashi Hiramatsu
隆 平松
Atsushi Suzuki
淳 鈴木
Takashi Sato
俊 佐藤
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent degradation of image quality when a photoreceptor drum is unevenly abraded due to a difference in contact time between right and left ends of the photoreceptor drum. <P>SOLUTION: The time of contact between the photoreceptor drum and a developing roller is accurately detected from the time when an instruction is issued for contact and separation between the photoreceptor drum and the developing roller and the time when an image is actually developed on the photoreceptor drum. The difference in contact time between the right and left ends is determined from the detected contact time. A pre-exposure amount is controlled to suppress uneven abrasion on the photoreceptor drum, thereby preventing degradation of the image quality. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、像担持体と像担持体に形成された潜像を現像する現像手段とを備えた画像形成装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus including an image carrier and a developing unit that develops a latent image formed on the image carrier.

従来、像担持体である感光ドラムと現像剤担持体である現像ローラとを当接させた状態で、像担持体上の静電潜像を接触現像し、現像された画像を記録媒体に転写する画像形成装置が知られている。接触現像方式においては、現像ローラの接触により感光ドラムの表面が摩耗して性能が劣化し、形成される画質の低下をもたらす。   Conventionally, an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier is developed in contact with a photosensitive drum as an image carrier and a developing roller as a developer carrier in contact with each other, and the developed image is transferred to a recording medium. An image forming apparatus is known. In the contact development method, the surface of the photosensitive drum is worn by the contact of the developing roller, the performance is deteriorated, and the formed image quality is lowered.

そこで、感光ドラムと現像ローラが当接した時間を検知する当接時間検知手段を設け、検知された時間に基づいて感光ドラムの寿命を判定する方法が特許文献1に提案されている。   Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of providing contact time detecting means for detecting the time when the photosensitive drum and the developing roller are in contact, and determining the life of the photosensitive drum based on the detected time.

特開2003−323090JP 2003-323090 A

しかしながら、感光ドラムと現像ローラとの現像当接及び離間の動作や構成は、部材の取り付け誤差や駆動源であるモータの制御タイミング等によるばらつき要素を含んでいる。従来の感光ドラムと現像ローラとの当接時間の検知方法は、画像形成動作中に画像形成装置の制御部が所定のタイミングで発信する当接及び離間信号を検知して、当接時間のカウントを行っていた。そのため、ばらつき要素を含んだ当接時間を検出してしまっていたため、実際の当接時間を精度良く検知するのが困難であった。それゆえ、当接時間が正確に検知できないと、感光ドラムの劣化状態も正確に検知することが困難であった。   However, the development contact and separation operations and the configuration between the photosensitive drum and the development roller include variation factors due to the attachment error of the member, the control timing of the motor that is the drive source, and the like. The conventional method of detecting the contact time between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller is to detect the contact and separation signals transmitted by the control unit of the image forming apparatus at a predetermined timing during the image forming operation, and count the contact time. Had gone. Therefore, since the contact time including the variation element has been detected, it is difficult to accurately detect the actual contact time. Therefore, if the contact time cannot be accurately detected, it is difficult to accurately detect the deterioration state of the photosensitive drum.

さらに、当接時間が正確に検知できないと、感光ドラムの劣化状態も正確に検知できないため、当接時間に応じた前露光量の調整が困難であった。前露光量が適切でなくなると、感光ドラム上の電荷が充分に除去されず、残留した電荷の影響により、所謂ゴースト画像と呼ばれる画像不良が発生してしまうと、画質の低下を招いてしまうという課題があった。また、感光ドラムと現像ローラは回転軸方向において一方の端部と他方の端部では当接及び離間のタイミングにばらつきが生じる可能性があるため、両端部において当接時間にムラが発生する可能性がある。そのため、当接時間に基づいて、一様に前露光量の調整を行っても、感光ドラムの両端部における削れムラによって、画像濃度にムラが発生して画質低下が起こってしまう可能性があるという課題があった。   Further, if the contact time cannot be detected accurately, the deterioration state of the photosensitive drum cannot be detected accurately, and it is difficult to adjust the pre-exposure amount according to the contact time. If the pre-exposure amount is not appropriate, the charge on the photosensitive drum is not sufficiently removed, and if an image defect called a ghost image occurs due to the residual charge, the image quality is deteriorated. There was a problem. In addition, the photosensitive drum and the developing roller may vary in contact and separation timings at one end and the other end in the rotation axis direction, and unevenness in contact time may occur at both ends. There is sex. For this reason, even if the pre-exposure amount is uniformly adjusted based on the contact time, unevenness in image density may occur due to uneven shaving at both ends of the photosensitive drum, resulting in a decrease in image quality. There was a problem.

本願に係る発明は、以上のような状況を鑑みてなされたものであり、感光ドラムと現像ローラの当接時間を精度良く検知し、さらに感光ドラムの両端部における当接時間のムラに応じて前露光量の制御を行うことで画質低下を防止することを目的とする。   The invention according to the present application has been made in view of the situation as described above, and accurately detects the contact time between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller, and further according to the uneven contact time at both ends of the photosensitive drum. An object is to prevent image quality deterioration by controlling the pre-exposure amount.

上記課題を解決するために、潜像が形成される像担持体と、前記像担持体に形成された前記潜像を現像する現像剤担持体と、前記像担持体の電荷を除去する露光手段とを有し、前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が離間した状態と、前記潜像を現像することが可能な前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が当接した状態とを切り替えることが可能な画像形成装置であって、前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が当接している状態である当接時間を前記像担持体の長手方向の複数箇所で検知する検知手段と、前記検知手段により検知された複数の当接時間に応じて、前記複数の当接時間の夫々に対応する前記複数の露光手段によって露光される露光量を、前記複数の当接時間の差分に基づき制御する制御手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems, an image carrier on which a latent image is formed, a developer carrier that develops the latent image formed on the image carrier, and an exposure unit that removes charges from the image carrier. The image carrier and the developer carrier are separated from each other, and the image carrier capable of developing the latent image and the developer carrier are in contact with each other. An image forming apparatus capable of detecting a contact time in which the image carrier and the developer carrier are in contact at a plurality of locations in a longitudinal direction of the image carrier; In accordance with the plurality of contact times detected by the detection means, the exposure amount exposed by the plurality of exposure means corresponding to each of the plurality of contact times is controlled based on the difference between the plurality of contact times. And a control means.

本発明の構成によれば、感光ドラムと現像ローラの当接時間を精度良く検知し、さらに感光ドラムの両端部における当接時間のムラに応じて前露光量の制御を行うことで画質低下を防止することができる。   According to the configuration of the present invention, the contact time between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller is accurately detected, and the pre-exposure amount is controlled according to the uneven contact time at both ends of the photosensitive drum, thereby reducing the image quality. Can be prevented.

画像形成装置の概略構成図。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus. 画像形成装置の制御部の構成を示したブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a control unit of the image forming apparatus. 前露光量と感光ドラム削れ量の関係を示したグラフ。The graph which showed the relationship between the amount of pre-exposure and the amount of photosensitive drum abrasion. 前露光を行う装置の概略図。Schematic of the apparatus which performs pre-exposure. 当接時間検知用の画像パターン。Image pattern for contact time detection. 左右端部における当接時及び離間時の当接時間差を示したタイミングチャート。The timing chart which showed the contact time difference at the time of contact | abutting and separation | spacing in a right-and-left end part. プロセスカートリッジの概略構成図。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process cartridge. 感光ドラム1の両端部での当接時間を示したグラフ。3 is a graph showing contact time at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. 感光ドラム1の前露光量制御を示したフローチャート。6 is a flowchart showing pre-exposure amount control of the photosensitive drum 1; 左右端部の当接時間差に対する前露光量の調整の一例を示したグラフ。The graph which showed an example of adjustment of the amount of pre-exposure with respect to the contact time difference of a right-and-left end part. カラー画像を形成する画像形成装置の概略構成図。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus that forms a color image. カラー画像を形成する画像形成装置の当接時間検知用の画像パターン。An image pattern for detecting contact time of an image forming apparatus that forms a color image.

以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施の形態について説明する。なお、以下の実施の形態は特許請求の範囲に係る発明を限定するものでなく、また実施の形態で説明されている特徴の組合せの全てが発明の解決手段に必須のものとは限らない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims, and all combinations of features described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the solution means of the invention.

(第1の実施形態)
(画像形成装置の全体構成)
図1は、画像形成装置としてのプリンタ100の概略構成を示す図である。符番1は像担持体としての感光ドラム、符番2は接触帯電部材としての帯電ローラ、符番3は現像剤T’を内包し、感光ドラム1上に形成された静電潜像を現像するための現像器である。感光ドラム1は、アルミニウム等からなる芯金1a上に、電荷発生層1bを形成し、その上層に電荷輸送層1cを形成した、いわゆる有機感光体である。電荷輸送層1cは、画像形成を行う事で次第に磨耗する。帯電ローラ2の芯金2aには、プリンタ本体に備えられた電源4aから芯金2aに接触させた摺動電極(不図示)を介し、AC電圧とDC電圧を重畳した振動電圧が印加される。現像器3は感光ドラム1に接触し図中矢印Rb方向に回転しながら現像を行う現像剤担持体である現像ローラ3aと、図中矢印Rc方向に回転することにより、現像剤T’を現像ローラ3aに供給する現像剤供給手段としての供給ローラ3bを備えている。さらに、現像ローラ3a上の現像剤T’の塗布量及び帯電量を規制する現像剤規制手段としての現像ブレード3cと、現像剤T’を供給ローラ3bに供給すると共に現像剤T’の撹拌を行う撹拌部材3d等を備えている。なお、現像器3を構成する枠体内の空間は、現像剤T’を内包するための現像剤収容部3eとして利用される。現像時には、加圧バネ3hに現像器3全体を押されることにより、現像ローラ3aが感光ドラム1に対して当接される。現像を行わない状態においては、現像ローラ3aは、カム3fにより感光ドラム1から離間している。
(First embodiment)
(Overall configuration of image forming apparatus)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a printer 100 as an image forming apparatus. Reference numeral 1 denotes a photosensitive drum as an image carrier, reference numeral 2 denotes a charging roller as a contact charging member, and reference numeral 3 includes a developer T ′ to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1. This is a developing device. The photosensitive drum 1 is a so-called organic photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer 1b is formed on a cored bar 1a made of aluminum or the like, and a charge transport layer 1c is formed thereon. The charge transport layer 1c is gradually worn by image formation. An oscillation voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage and a DC voltage is applied to the cored bar 2a of the charging roller 2 through a sliding electrode (not shown) brought into contact with the cored bar 2a from a power source 4a provided in the printer body. . The developing device 3 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 1 and develops the developer T ′ by rotating in the direction of the arrow Rc in the drawing with a developing roller 3a that is a developer carrying member that performs development while rotating in the direction of the arrow Rb in the figure. A supply roller 3b is provided as developer supply means for supplying to the roller 3a. Further, the developing blade 3c as a developer regulating means for regulating the application amount and the charge amount of the developer T ′ on the developing roller 3a, and the developer T ′ are supplied to the supply roller 3b and the developer T ′ is agitated. The stirring member 3d etc. to perform are provided. Note that the space in the frame constituting the developing device 3 is used as a developer accommodating portion 3e for containing the developer T ′. During development, the developing roller 3a is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 1 by pressing the entire developing device 3 against the pressure spring 3h. In a state where development is not performed, the developing roller 3a is separated from the photosensitive drum 1 by the cam 3f.

感光ドラム1は図中矢印Ra方向に回転しながら、帯電ローラ2によりその周面を接触帯電されて所定の電荷を得る。帯電された感光ドラム1の周面に対して、レーザースキャナ5により走査露光がなされ、静電潜像が形成される。現像ローラ3a上に担持された現像剤T’が、感光ドラム1と対向する位置に到達すると、電源4aから現像ローラ3aに印加されて直流現像バイアスにより、感光ドラム1の表面に形成された静電潜像に対して現像剤T’が転移し、現像が行われる。感光ドラム1上に形成された画像は、感光ドラム1の回転により転写部6に送られ記録媒体Pに転写される。記録媒体Pに転写された画像は、定着部7に搬送され、定着されることにより画像形成が完了する。転写部6での転写を行った際に、感光ドラム1上に残留した現像剤T’は、再び帯電ローラ2を通過する前にクリーニングブレード8によって掻き落とされ、廃現像剤容器9内に蓄積される。   While the photosensitive drum 1 rotates in the direction of arrow Ra in the figure, the peripheral surface thereof is contact-charged by the charging roller 2 to obtain a predetermined charge. The peripheral surface of the charged photosensitive drum 1 is scanned and exposed by the laser scanner 5 to form an electrostatic latent image. When the developer T ′ carried on the developing roller 3a reaches a position facing the photosensitive drum 1, it is applied from the power source 4a to the developing roller 3a and is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 by the DC developing bias. The developer T ′ is transferred to the electrostatic latent image, and development is performed. The image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 is sent to the transfer unit 6 by the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1 and transferred to the recording medium P. The image transferred to the recording medium P is conveyed to the fixing unit 7 and fixed, thereby completing the image formation. The developer T ′ remaining on the photosensitive drum 1 when transferred by the transfer unit 6 is scraped off by the cleaning blade 8 before passing through the charging roller 2 again, and is accumulated in the waste developer container 9. Is done.

符番16は前露光部であり、感光ドラム1上に残留した現像剤T’がクリーニングされた後の、感光ドラム1に残った電荷を除去するために露光を行う。この前露光を行うことにより感光ドラム1上の電荷を除去でき、次に画像形成を行う際に、前の画像形成の影響を受けずに感光ドラム1上に潜像を作成することができる。前露光部16の光源としては特に限定するものはなく、LEDや、ハロゲンランプ等を用いることができる。   Reference numeral 16 denotes a pre-exposure unit, which performs exposure to remove charges remaining on the photosensitive drum 1 after the developer T 'remaining on the photosensitive drum 1 is cleaned. By performing this pre-exposure, the charge on the photosensitive drum 1 can be removed, and a latent image can be created on the photosensitive drum 1 without being affected by the previous image formation when the next image formation is performed. The light source of the pre-exposure unit 16 is not particularly limited, and an LED, a halogen lamp, or the like can be used.

(制御部の構成)
本実施形態における画像形成装置の制御部の構成を図2を用いて説明する。符番11は、プリンタ100全体を制御するCPUなどで構成された制御部である。符番12は、現像ローラ3aと感光ドラム1との当接時間をカウントするセンサー等で構成された当接時間検知部である。符番13は、当接時間の検知結果や、画像形成動作において感光ドラム1に現像ローラ3aが当接された当接時間の積算値を記憶する記憶部としてのNV−RAM(Non Volatile RAM)である。NV−RAMを設ける事で、当接時間の検知結果や、画像形成動作中に当接時間検知部12がカウントした値を不揮発性の記憶部13に格納できるため、感光ドラム1の寿命検知が正確且つ迅速に行える。なお、感光ドラム1の帯電電圧のON/OFFや、現像ローラ3aの当接及び離間等の動作タイミングは、印刷する画像サイズに拠らず全て同一に行なわれるものとする。
(Configuration of control unit)
The configuration of the control unit of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 11 denotes a control unit configured by a CPU or the like that controls the entire printer 100. Reference numeral 12 denotes a contact time detection unit composed of a sensor or the like that counts the contact time between the developing roller 3 a and the photosensitive drum 1. Reference numeral 13 denotes a non-volatile RAM (NV-RAM) serving as a storage unit for storing a contact time detection result and an integrated value of the contact time when the developing roller 3a is in contact with the photosensitive drum 1 in the image forming operation. It is. By providing the NV-RAM, the detection result of the contact time and the value counted by the contact time detection unit 12 during the image forming operation can be stored in the non-volatile storage unit 13, so that the life of the photosensitive drum 1 can be detected. Accurate and quick. It is assumed that the operation timings such as ON / OFF of the charging voltage of the photosensitive drum 1 and contact and separation of the developing roller 3a are all the same regardless of the image size to be printed.

当接時間検知部12は、制御部11と接続され、制御部11から発せられる現像ローラ3aへの当接信号、及び離間信号の検知を行う。また、感光ドラム1に対向する位置に設けられ、感光ドラム1に形成された現像剤像の有無検知を行う現像剤像センサー15と当接時間検知部12は接続されている。これにより、感光ドラム1の表面における現像剤像の描き出しタイミングと、描き終りのタイミングを検知する事ができる。現像剤像センサー15は、感光ドラム1の表面の現像剤像の有無を光学的に検知するフォトセンサーであり、現像剤像が存在する場合には出力電圧の変化として当接時間検知部12に伝達を行う。   The contact time detection unit 12 is connected to the control unit 11 and detects a contact signal and a separation signal from the control unit 11 to the developing roller 3a. Also, a developer image sensor 15 that is provided at a position facing the photosensitive drum 1 and detects the presence / absence of a developer image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 is connected to the contact time detection unit 12. As a result, it is possible to detect the timing of drawing the developer image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 and the timing of the end of drawing. The developer image sensor 15 is a photosensor that optically detects the presence / absence of a developer image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1. When the developer image exists, the developer image sensor 15 detects a change in output voltage as a contact time detection unit 12. Make a transmission.

前露光量と感光ドラム1の電荷輸送層1cの削れ速度との関係を図3に示す。例えば、前露光量が300mVのときは削れ速度は1.00倍、350mVのときは削れ速度は1.10倍となる。このように、300mVで削れる量を基準として、グラフから得られた倍率を掛け合わすことによって、感光ドラム1の削れ量を算出することができる。つまり、前露光量が減少すると感光ドラム1の削れ量も減少する。前露光量が増加すると感光ドラム1の削れ量も増加する。しかし、前露光量を少なくすることにより、感光ドラム1の削れ量を少なくすることができるが、前露光量が必要以上に少なくなると、感光ドラム1に電荷が残留してしまいゴースト画像が発生してしまう可能性がある。図3の点線で表されているように、前露光量が250mVを下回ると、ゴースト画像が発生する可能性がある。   The relationship between the pre-exposure amount and the scraping speed of the charge transport layer 1c of the photosensitive drum 1 is shown in FIG. For example, when the pre-exposure amount is 300 mV, the scraping speed is 1.00 times, and when 350 mV, the scraping speed is 1.10 times. Thus, the amount of abrasion of the photosensitive drum 1 can be calculated by multiplying the magnification obtained from the graph with the amount of abrasion at 300 mV as a reference. That is, when the pre-exposure amount decreases, the amount of abrasion of the photosensitive drum 1 also decreases. As the pre-exposure amount increases, the amount of abrasion of the photosensitive drum 1 also increases. However, by reducing the amount of pre-exposure, the amount of shaving of the photosensitive drum 1 can be reduced. However, if the amount of pre-exposure is reduced more than necessary, a charge remains on the photosensitive drum 1 and a ghost image is generated. There is a possibility that. As represented by the dotted line in FIG. 3, when the pre-exposure amount is less than 250 mV, a ghost image may be generated.

図4に感光ドラム1に前露光を行う装置の概略図を示す。前露光を行うための前露光部としてLED16a、16bを感光ドラム1の回転軸の長手方向の両端に配置している。感光ドラム1に対して複数箇所、本実施形態では左右から前露光を行う。図4では前露光量は感光ドラム1の回転軸方向中央で最も弱くなるため、中央でゴースト画像を防止できるように露光量を設定した。前露光量を感光ドラム1の軸方向で可変な例としてはLEDアレイによる前露光装置もあるが、本実施形態では本体スペースの観点から前露光を感光ドラム1の左右から照射することで、前露光量が感光ドラム1の軸方向で可変となっている。   FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an apparatus for performing pre-exposure on the photosensitive drum 1. LEDs 16a and 16b are disposed at both ends of the rotating shaft of the photosensitive drum 1 as a pre-exposure section for performing pre-exposure. Pre-exposure is performed on the photosensitive drum 1 from a plurality of locations, in this embodiment, from the left and right. In FIG. 4, the pre-exposure amount is weakest at the center of the photosensitive drum 1 in the rotation axis direction, and thus the exposure amount is set so that a ghost image can be prevented at the center. As an example in which the pre-exposure amount is variable in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 1, there is a pre-exposure device using an LED array. The exposure amount is variable in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 1.

(感光ドラム1の両端部での当接時間検知処理)
感光ドラム1の両端部での当接時間差の検知について説明する。図5に感光ドラム1の両端部での当接時間を検知するための画像パターンを示す。両端部での当接時間を検知するのは、先の左右から前露光を行っていることに対応するためである。なお、この当接時間の初期測定のための検知動作は、プロセスカートリッジが交換されたときに行われるが、画像形成時の前回転又は後回転において測定することも可能である。
(Abutting time detection process at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1)
The detection of the contact time difference at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1 will be described. FIG. 5 shows an image pattern for detecting the contact time at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. The reason for detecting the contact time at both ends is to cope with the pre-exposure from the left and right. The detection operation for the initial measurement of the contact time is performed when the process cartridge is replaced, but can be measured in the pre-rotation or post-rotation during image formation.

当接時間の検知が始まると、感光ドラム1の駆動を開始した後、電源4aから帯電ローラ2にAC電圧とDC電圧を重畳した振動電圧を印加して、感光ドラム1の表面の帯電を行う。次いで、感光ドラム1の帯電処理面に対し、レーザースキャナ5により走査露光がなされ、現像剤像センサー15に検知可能な箇所に図5に示すような、複数の画像パターンの静電潜像が形成される。   When the detection of the contact time starts, the photosensitive drum 1 is started to be driven, and then the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is charged by applying a vibration voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage and a DC voltage from the power source 4a to the charging roller 2. . Next, the charged surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is subjected to scanning exposure by the laser scanner 5, and electrostatic latent images having a plurality of image patterns as shown in FIG. 5 are formed at locations detectable by the developer image sensor 15. Is done.

制御部11は現像ローラ3aの当接信号を発し、現像ローラ3aの当接及び離間手段10はカム3fの切り替えを行って、感光ドラム1に現像ローラ3aを当接させる。このとき、現像ローラ3aには感光ドラム1に当接する前から、電源4aから現像ローラ3aに直流現像バイアスが供給されており、感光ドラム1上に形成された静電潜像に現像ローラ3aが当接した時点から現像が行われる。つまり、現像ローラ3aの当接タイミングが、現像剤像の書き出しタイミングとなり、当接の検知を感光ドラム1の両端で行う。その後、制御部11は現像ローラ3aの離間信号を発し、現像ローラ3aの当接及び離間手段10はカム3fの切り替えを行って、感光ドラム1から現像ローラ3aを離間させる。感光ドラム1から現像ローラ3aが離間された時点で、感光ドラム1上の静電潜像の現像は終了する。即ち、現像ローラ3aの離間タイミングが、現像剤像の書き終わりタイミングとなり、離間の検知を感光ドラム1の両端部で行う。   The controller 11 issues a contact signal of the developing roller 3a, and the contact and separation means 10 of the developing roller 3a switches the cam 3f so that the developing roller 3a contacts the photosensitive drum 1. At this time, a DC developing bias is supplied from the power source 4a to the developing roller 3a before the developing roller 3a contacts the photosensitive drum 1, and the developing roller 3a is applied to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1. Development starts from the point of contact. That is, the contact timing of the developing roller 3 a becomes the writing start timing of the developer image, and contact detection is performed at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. Thereafter, the controller 11 issues a separation signal for the developing roller 3a, and the contact and separation means 10 for the developing roller 3a switches the cam 3f to separate the developing roller 3a from the photosensitive drum 1. When the developing roller 3a is separated from the photosensitive drum 1, the development of the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 is completed. That is, the separation timing of the developing roller 3 a becomes the writing end timing of the developer image, and the separation is detected at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1.

図6に感光ドラム1の両端部での現像ローラ3aとの当接及び離間のタイミングチャートを示す。このタイミングチャートから感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aの当接及び離間のタイミングは左右で当接時間に差分があることがわかる。感光ドラム1の回転方向に対して右端部は左端部より早く当接している。また、離間動作において、右端部は左端部より遅れて離間していることがわかる。このことから、当接時間は感光ドラム1の軸方向で違っており、右端部は左端部よりも当接及び離間動作において長い時間当接している。図中の(a)は感光ドラム1の右端部と左端部での当接までの時間差を、(b)は離間までの時間差を示す。この両端部での時間差(a)及び(b)から当接時間差Zを求め(Z=(a)+(b))、Zを記憶部13に格納する。ここでは、一例として両端部での当接の時間差は、右端部の方をプラスとすることにする。つまり、右端部より左端部の方が1(s)当接までの時間差があったとすると、(a)は+1(s)となる。これより、当接時間差Zがプラスのときは左端部より右端部の当接時間が長く、マイナスのときは右端部より左端部の当接時間が長いとする。なお、この定義は一例であり、左端部をプラスと定義することも可能である。   FIG. 6 shows a timing chart of contact and separation between the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a at both ends. From this timing chart, it can be seen that there is a difference in the contact time between the left and right contact timings of the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a. The right end is in contact with the rotating direction of the photosensitive drum 1 earlier than the left end. Further, it can be seen that in the separation operation, the right end portion is separated later than the left end portion. Therefore, the contact time differs in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 1, and the right end portion is in contact for a longer time in the contact and separation operations than the left end portion. In the figure, (a) shows the time difference until contact between the right end and the left end of the photosensitive drum 1, and (b) shows the time difference until separation. A contact time difference Z is obtained from the time differences (a) and (b) at both ends (Z = (a) + (b)), and Z is stored in the storage unit 13. Here, as an example, the time difference of contact at both ends is positive at the right end. That is, if there is a time difference from the right end to the 1 (s) contact at the left end, (a) becomes +1 (s). Accordingly, it is assumed that when the contact time difference Z is positive, the contact time of the right end is longer than that of the left end, and when the difference is negative, the contact time of the left end is longer than that of the right end. This definition is an example, and the left end can be defined as plus.

(当接及び離間動作)
図7は、感光ドラム1やクリーニングブレード等を備えた廃現像剤容器9と現像器3からなるプロセスカートリッジの概略構成図である。感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aは、現像時以外のタイミングでは、カム3fが矢印a方向に作動し、支点3gを中心に現像器3が移動して、感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aの離間が行なわれる。
(Contact and separation operation)
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process cartridge including a waste developer container 9 including a photosensitive drum 1 and a cleaning blade and a developing device 3. In the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a, the cam 3f operates in the direction of arrow a at a timing other than the time of development, the developing device 3 moves around the fulcrum 3g, and the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a are separated. It is.

先の当接時間の検知でも述べたように、プロセスカートリッジに装着された加圧バネ3hやカム3fの部品精度等の影響により感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aとの当接及び離間は感光ドラム1の軸方向に対し一斉行われるのではなく、感光ドラム1の軸方向で時間差をもって行われる。図8(a)、(b)に感光ドラム1の両端部での当接時間を示す。図8(a)は同一のプロセスカートリッジを用い、装着する画像形成装置を変えた場合の当接時間を示し、図8(b)は同一の画像形成装置を用い、装着するプロセスカートリッジを変えた場合の当接時間を示している。図8(a)、(b)から当接時間は感光ドラム1の両端部で時間差があることがわかる。また、感光ドラム1の回転軸方向での時間差は、加圧バネ3hやカム3fの精度のほか、カムに押される現像容器等によって変わるため、画像形成装置やプロセスカートリッジが変わると時間差も変わる。よって、プロセスカートリッジが新しく装着されたときには、先の当接時間を検知するシーケンスを行い、当接時間を検知する。なお、プロセスカートリッジが変更されていなければ、当接時間は変わらないため、当接時間の検知はカートリッジが変更されたときに行えばよい。   As described above in the detection of the contact time, the contact and separation between the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a are affected by the precision of parts of the pressure spring 3h and the cam 3f mounted on the process cartridge. This is not performed simultaneously with respect to the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 1 but with a time difference in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 1. 8A and 8B show contact times at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. FIG. FIG. 8A shows the contact time when the same process cartridge is used and the mounted image forming apparatus is changed, and FIG. 8B shows the same image forming apparatus and the mounted process cartridge is changed. The contact time in the case is shown. 8A and 8B, it can be seen that the contact time has a time difference at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. Further, the time difference in the rotation axis direction of the photosensitive drum 1 varies depending on the accuracy of the pressure spring 3h and the cam 3f as well as the developing container pushed by the cam, and therefore the time difference varies depending on the image forming apparatus and the process cartridge. Therefore, when a process cartridge is newly installed, a sequence for detecting the previous contact time is performed to detect the contact time. If the process cartridge is not changed, the contact time does not change. Therefore, the contact time may be detected when the cartridge is changed.

(前露光量の調整方法)
図9のフローチャートを用いて前露光量の調整方法について説明する。制御部11は、画像形成動作が開始されると(S1)記憶部13に格納されている感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aとの当接時間差Zが格納されているか判断する(S2)。記憶部13に当接時間差Zが格納されている場合はステップS6に進む。
(Pre-exposure adjustment method)
A method for adjusting the pre-exposure amount will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When the image forming operation is started (S1), the control unit 11 determines whether the contact time difference Z between the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a stored in the storage unit 13 is stored (S2). When the contact time difference Z is stored in the storage unit 13, the process proceeds to step S6.

記憶部13に当接時間差Zが格納されていない場合は、所定のタイミングで現像ローラ3aを感光ドラム1に当接させるよう制御を行う。この際、制御部11からカム3fを動作させるための信号が発せられる。当接時間検知部12はこの信号を検知し、現像ローラ3aの当接時間カウントを感光ドラム1の両端部で開始する(S3)。   When the contact time difference Z is not stored in the storage unit 13, control is performed so that the developing roller 3a contacts the photosensitive drum 1 at a predetermined timing. At this time, a signal for operating the cam 3f is issued from the control unit 11. The contact time detector 12 detects this signal and starts the contact time count of the developing roller 3a at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1 (S3).

感光ドラム1上の静電潜像の現像が終了すると、制御部11は所定のタイミングで現像ローラ3aを感光ドラム1から離間させるよう制御を行う。この際、制御部11からカム3fを動作させるための信号が発せられる。当接時間検知部12はこの信号を検知し、現像ローラ3aの当接時間カウントを感光ドラム1の両端部で停止する(S4)。当接時の感光ドラム1における左右での時間差と、離間時の感光ドラム1における左右での時間差とを用いて、当接時間差Zを算出し、記憶部13に書き込む(S5)。   When the development of the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 is completed, the control unit 11 performs control so that the developing roller 3a is separated from the photosensitive drum 1 at a predetermined timing. At this time, a signal for operating the cam 3f is issued from the control unit 11. The contact time detector 12 detects this signal and stops the contact time count of the developing roller 3a at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1 (S4). Using the time difference between the left and right sides of the photosensitive drum 1 at the time of contact and the time difference between the left and right sides of the photosensitive drum 1 at the time of separation, a contact time difference Z is calculated and written in the storage unit 13 (S5).

記憶部13に格納された当接時間差Zを読み込んで感光ドラム1の両端部における前露光量の制御を行う。まず、当接時間差Zの符号から左端部と右端部のどちらの当接時間が長いかを判別することができ、さらに当接時間差Zの数値により左端部と右端部の前露光量の制御を行う。図10のグラフに、感光ドラム1における左右の前露光量を調整し、削れムラを抑制する前露光量を示す。ここでは、一例として、感光ドラム1の左右端部の当接時間に差が無い場合(Z=0)と、右端部のほうが当接時間が長い場合(Z>0)を示す。当接時間に差が無い場合は、左右端部で均等な前露光量とし、右端部の方が当接時間が長い場合は、左端部の前露光量を大きくして、左右の削れムラを抑制する(S6)。図10では、一例として右端部の方が当接時間が0.4(s)長くなっているため、右端部の前露光量を約320mV、左端部の前露光量を約360mVとすることで、当接時間の差によって発生する感光ドラム1の削れムラを前露光量を制御することで抑制できる。S6で決定された前露光量によって、LED16a、16bを照射し、前露光を行った後に画像形成を行う(S7)。なお、当接時間による前露光量の調整は、当接時間の検知と同様に、感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3の組み合わせが変更にならない限り、一度行えばよいものである。   The contact time difference Z stored in the storage unit 13 is read to control the pre-exposure amount at both ends of the photosensitive drum 1. First, it can be determined from the sign of the contact time difference Z which one of the left and right end contact times is longer, and the pre-exposure amounts at the left and right end portions are controlled by the numerical value of the contact time difference Z. Do. The graph of FIG. 10 shows the pre-exposure amount that adjusts the left and right pre-exposure amounts on the photosensitive drum 1 to suppress shaving unevenness. Here, as an example, there is shown a case where there is no difference in the contact time between the left and right end portions of the photosensitive drum 1 (Z = 0) and a case where the contact time is longer at the right end portion (Z> 0). If there is no difference in the contact time, the pre-exposure amount is equal at the left and right ends, and if the contact time is longer at the right end, the pre-exposure amount at the left end is increased to reduce left and right shaving unevenness. Suppress (S6). In FIG. 10, as an example, the contact time at the right end is longer by 0.4 (s), so that the pre-exposure amount at the right end is about 320 mV, and the pre-exposure amount at the left end is about 360 mV. Further, the unevenness of shaving of the photosensitive drum 1 caused by the difference in contact time can be suppressed by controlling the pre-exposure amount. The LEDs 16a and 16b are irradiated with the pre-exposure amount determined in S6, and image formation is performed after pre-exposure (S7). Note that the adjustment of the pre-exposure amount based on the contact time may be performed once as long as the combination of the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3 is not changed, similarly to the detection of the contact time.

このように、感光ドラム1と現像ローラ3aの当接時間を精度良く検知することが可能となり、検知した当接時間から感光ドラム1の左右端部の当接時間差を求めることによって、前露光量を適切に制御することが可能となり、感光ドラム1の削れムラを抑制し、画質の低下を抑制することが可能となった。   In this way, it is possible to accurately detect the contact time between the photosensitive drum 1 and the developing roller 3a, and by calculating the contact time difference between the left and right ends of the photosensitive drum 1 from the detected contact time, the pre-exposure amount is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately control the shading of the photosensitive drum 1 and to suppress the unevenness of the photosensitive drum 1 and to suppress the deterioration of the image quality.

なお、本実施形態で説明した前露光量の調整方法は、図11に示すような複数色の現像剤に応じた複数のステーションを有する画像形成装置であるカラープリンタ200に適応することも可能である。基本的な当接時間の検知方法は、上述した方法と同一であるが、複数の感光ドラムと現像ローラを有するため、当接時間を検知するための画像パターンが先の図5とは異なるものとなる。図12にカラープリンタで用いる画像パターンを示す。図12に示すように、本実施形態で用いる当接時間検知用の画像パターンは、イエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックの順で、各プロセスカートリッジについて形成され、中間転写ベルト25に対向して配置された、現像剤像センサーによって連続して検知を行う。これにより、プロセスカートリッジ毎に現像ローラの当接時間の検知が行われ、当接時間差Zを求めることができる(図9のフローチャートS3乃至S6)。各色において、夫々当接時間差Zの算出を行うと、各色において、前露光量の調整を行う。これは、先の図10で説明した方法と同一である。   Note that the pre-exposure amount adjusting method described in this embodiment can be applied to a color printer 200 that is an image forming apparatus having a plurality of stations corresponding to a plurality of color developers as shown in FIG. is there. The basic contact time detection method is the same as the method described above, but since it has a plurality of photosensitive drums and developing rollers, the image pattern for detecting the contact time is different from that shown in FIG. It becomes. FIG. 12 shows an image pattern used in the color printer. As shown in FIG. 12, the contact time detection image pattern used in this embodiment is formed for each process cartridge in the order of yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, and is arranged to face the intermediate transfer belt 25. Further, the detection is continuously performed by the developer image sensor. As a result, the contact time of the developing roller is detected for each process cartridge, and the contact time difference Z can be obtained (flowcharts S3 to S6 in FIG. 9). When the contact time difference Z is calculated for each color, the pre-exposure amount is adjusted for each color. This is the same as the method described in FIG.

1 感光ドラム
2 帯電ローラ
3 現像器
3a 現像ローラ
11 制御部
12 当接時間検知部
13 記憶部
14 読み取り・書き込み手段
15 現像剤像センサー
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photosensitive drum 2 Charging roller 3 Developing device 3a Developing roller 11 Control part 12 Contact time detection part 13 Memory | storage part 14 Reading / writing means 15 Developer image sensor

Claims (4)

潜像が形成される像担持体と、
前記像担持体に形成された前記潜像を現像する現像剤担持体と、
前記像担持体の電荷を除去する露光手段とを有し、
前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が離間した状態と、前記潜像を現像することが可能な前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が当接した状態とを切り替えることが可能な画像形成装置であって、
前記像担持体と前記現像剤担持体が当接している状態である当接時間を前記像担持体の長手方向の複数箇所で検知する検知手段と、
前記検知手段により検知された複数の当接時間に応じて、前記複数の当接時間の夫々に対応する前記複数の露光手段によって露光される露光量を、前記複数の当接時間の差分に基づき制御する制御手段と、を備えることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
An image carrier on which a latent image is formed;
A developer carrier for developing the latent image formed on the image carrier;
Exposure means for removing the charge of the image carrier,
Image formation capable of switching between a state in which the image carrier and the developer carrier are separated from each other and a state in which the image carrier and the developer carrier that can develop the latent image are in contact with each other A device,
Detection means for detecting a contact time in which the image carrier and the developer carrier are in contact at a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction of the image carrier;
In accordance with the plurality of contact times detected by the detection means, the exposure amount exposed by the plurality of exposure means corresponding to each of the plurality of contact times is based on the difference between the plurality of contact times. An image forming apparatus comprising: a control unit that controls the image forming apparatus.
前記制御手段は、前記複数の当接時間の差分から、当接時間の短い箇所を露光するための前記露光量を増加させ、当接時間の長い箇所を露光するための前記露光量を減少させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。   The control means increases the exposure amount for exposing a portion having a short contact time and decreases the exposure amount for exposing a portion having a long contact time based on the difference between the plurality of contact times. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1. 前記検知手段で検知する複数箇所とは、前記像担持体の長手方向の左右端部であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of locations detected by the detection unit are left and right end portions in a longitudinal direction of the image carrier. 前記露光手段は、前記像担持体の長手方向の左右端部に夫々配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の画像形成装置。   4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exposure unit is disposed at each of left and right ends in the longitudinal direction of the image carrier. 5.
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