JP2011122887A - Rail vibration method for axial force measurement and apparatus of the same - Google Patents

Rail vibration method for axial force measurement and apparatus of the same Download PDF

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JP2011122887A
JP2011122887A JP2009279587A JP2009279587A JP2011122887A JP 2011122887 A JP2011122887 A JP 2011122887A JP 2009279587 A JP2009279587 A JP 2009279587A JP 2009279587 A JP2009279587 A JP 2009279587A JP 2011122887 A JP2011122887 A JP 2011122887A
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rail
axial force
frequency
ceramic vibrator
waveform
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JP5405280B2 (en
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Akira Aikawa
明 相川
Kazuhisa Abe
和久 阿部
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rail vibration method for axial force measurement and apparatus of the same, improving reliability in axial force evaluation by vertically and/or horizontally vibrating a rail through the use of ceramic oscillators which exert no electromagnetic effects, measuring the natural frequency of the rail, and also measuring an axial force received by the rail. <P>SOLUTION: The rail vibration apparatus for axial force measurement is equipped with: the ceramic oscillators 5 and 5' arranged in the head top surface 6A and the top side surface 6E of a rail; a fundamental frequency generator for output of a pulse waveform having a frequency matched with the natural frequency mode of the ceramic oscillators 5 and 5'; a low-frequency oscillator for generating a low-frequency sine-wave waveform; and a mixer for mixing output from the fundamental frequency generator with output from the low-frequency oscillator. The ceramic oscillators 5 and 5' are driven on the basis of an output waveform from the mixer to oscillate the ceramic oscillator 5 and measure an axial force of the rail. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、軸力増加が原因となり発生するレールの張り出しや座屈を予防するために、レールに作用している軸力を現場で測定する軸力測定用レール加振方法及びその装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an axial force measuring rail excitation method and apparatus for measuring an axial force acting on a rail in the field in order to prevent rail overhang and buckling caused by an increase in axial force. It is.

レールは温度変化によって膨張・収縮する。しかし、レールはまくらぎによって固定されているため、特にロングレールの場合は自由に伸縮することができない。そのため、レールは長手方向に圧縮または引張の軸力を受けることになる。この軸力は、レールの座屈・破断の原因となるために、レールの受けている軸力を把握することは軌道管理上重要である。   The rail expands and contracts due to temperature changes. However, since the rail is fixed by a sleeper, especially in the case of a long rail, it cannot expand and contract freely. For this reason, the rail receives an axial force of compression or tension in the longitudinal direction. Since this axial force causes the buckling / breaking of the rail, it is important for track management to grasp the axial force received by the rail.

従来、例えば、下記特許文献1に示されるように、レールの透磁率を用いてレール軸力を測定する方法が提案されている。
また、本願発明者らは、軸力を受けるレールの波動伝播特性について、下記非特許文献1として発表している。
Conventionally, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1 below, a method for measuring rail axial force using the magnetic permeability of a rail has been proposed.
Further, the inventors of the present application have announced the wave propagation characteristics of a rail that receives an axial force as Non-Patent Document 1 below.

特開平7−280669号公報JP-A-7-280669

清水紗希 他,「軸力を受けるレールの波動伝播特性」,土木学会第64回年次学術講演会講演概要集,社団法人土木学会,pp.687〜688(2009)Yuki Shimizu et al., “Wave propagation characteristics of rails subjected to axial force”, Summary of Lectures of the 64th Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 687-688 (2009) 清水紗希 他,「軸力を受けるレールの波動モード解析」,第27回土木学会関東支部新潟会研究調査発表会論文集,社団法人土木学会関東支部新潟会,pp.687〜688(2009)Shimizu, Yuki et al., “Wave mode analysis of rails subjected to axial force”, Proceedings of the 27th Kanto Branch Niigatakai Research Survey Presentation, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Kanto Branch Niigatakai, pp. 687-688 (2009)

レールに圧縮軸力が加わるとレールの固有振動数が低下することを利用した軸力測定用の加振装置があり、ある振動モードの固有振動数の低下を現場にて正確に測定できれば、レール軸力を予測することは概ね可能である。
従来の固有振動数の測定は、例えば、インパルスハンマー試験により実施されている。インパルスハンマーによる打撃試験は、レールに加速度センサを貼り付けて打撃を与え応答加速度を測定し、さらに実験モード解析により、応答波形の中より特定の固有モードを分離・抽出するものである。このインパルスハンマー試験は、現場で容易に行うことができ、特に、レール単体、まくらぎ単体など、単独の部材の場合は非常に簡単にモードを特定できる。しかし、実際の軌道は、レール、まくらぎ、締結装置などからなる複合構造であり、非常に多くの固有モードが錯綜して存在しており、実験モード解析のみでは、それらを分離することが難しい。
There is a vibration device for axial force measurement that utilizes the fact that the natural frequency of the rail decreases when a compression axial force is applied to the rail. If the decrease in the natural frequency of a certain vibration mode can be accurately measured on-site, the rail It is almost possible to predict the axial force.
Conventional measurement of the natural frequency is performed, for example, by an impulse hammer test. In the impact test using an impulse hammer, an acceleration sensor is attached to the rail, the impact is applied, the response acceleration is measured, and a specific eigenmode is separated and extracted from the response waveform by experimental mode analysis. This impulse hammer test can be easily performed in the field. In particular, in the case of a single member such as a single rail or a single sleeper, the mode can be specified very easily. However, the actual track is a complex structure consisting of rails, sleepers, fastening devices, and so on, and there are a large number of eigenmodes present in a complicated manner, and it is difficult to separate them only by experimental mode analysis. .

図7は、3本のまくらぎ上にレールを渡した軌道構造に関する固有モードの数値解析結果である。ここで、新幹線用(3T)軌きょうで、まくらぎ、締結装置、レールをそれぞれソリッド要素とした軌きょうモデルを作成し、モーダル解析を実施した。解析は、まくらぎ下面にバラストを模擬した単一特性のばねを入れ、そのばね下を完全拘束した状態で行った。図7は中央のまくらぎ101とレール102部分の変形モードを図示したものである。なお、両端のまくらぎは固定しているだけであるのでここでは図示していない。3本のまくらぎ上にレール102を渡しただけでも1000Hzまでに30個近くのモードが存在する。図7(a)に118.4Hz、図7(b)に119.4Hz、図7(c)に153.4Hz、図7(d)に198.9Hz、図7(e)256.5Hzのモードをそれぞれを代表例として示した。   FIG. 7 shows the numerical analysis results of the eigenmode regarding the track structure in which the rail is passed over the three sleepers. Here, on the Shinkansen (3T) rail, a rail model with a sleeper, a fastening device, and a rail as solid elements was created, and modal analysis was performed. The analysis was performed with a single characteristic spring simulating ballast placed on the underside of the sleeper, and the unsprung state completely restrained. FIG. 7 illustrates a deformation mode of the center sleeper 101 and the rail 102 portion. In addition, since the sleepers at both ends are only fixed, they are not shown here. There are nearly 30 modes by 1000 Hz even if the rail 102 is passed over three sleepers. The mode of 118.4 Hz in FIG. 7 (a), 119.4Hz in FIG. 7 (b), 153.4Hz in FIG. 7 (c), 198.9Hz in FIG. 7 (d), and 256.5Hz in FIG. 7 (e). Are shown as representative examples.

さらに実軌道では、数多くのまくらぎによる影響や締結装置のばらつきなどにより、打撃試験結果を用いた実験モード解析では非常に多くのモードが錯綜してしまい、モードの分離は難しくなる。
また、スピーカー等の音響機材などに用いられる磁石とコイルに交流電圧を加えて加振する方法では、内部に強力な磁石が使われているため、レールに対して磁性の影響が生じる。しかも、電気信号から振動エネルギーへの変換効率が10%に満たない程度であり非常に低い。また、コーン紙や振動部分の挙動に均質性がなく、さまざまな局所的な振動モードを含むため、安定な加振ができない。
Furthermore, in an actual track, due to the influence of numerous sleepers and the variation of fastening devices, a very large number of modes are complicated in the experimental mode analysis using the impact test results, making it difficult to separate the modes.
In addition, in the method of applying an alternating voltage to a magnet and a coil used for sound equipment such as a speaker and the like, a strong magnet is used inside, so that the magnetic effect is exerted on the rail. Moreover, the conversion efficiency from electrical signals to vibrational energy is less than 10%, which is very low. In addition, the behavior of cone paper and the vibrating part is not uniform and includes various local vibration modes, so stable excitation cannot be performed.

一方、セラミックや水晶等の振動子では磁性の影響がなく、振動子の固有振動数近傍において高効率の安定した振動が得られる。しかし、振動子の固有振動数は、通常数MHzと非常に高周波であり、軸力測定のために行うレールの加振で必要とされる低周波領域では、変換効率が1%未満で実用にならない。
さらに、モーター、クランク、ばねを用いたメカニックな振動方法では、高周波領域での正確な加振が難しい上、騒音を発生し実用的ではない。
On the other hand, a vibrator such as ceramic or quartz is not affected by magnetism, and a highly efficient and stable vibration is obtained in the vicinity of the natural frequency of the vibrator. However, the natural frequency of the vibrator is usually a very high frequency of several MHz, and in a low frequency region required for rail excitation for measuring axial force, the conversion efficiency is less than 1% and practical. Don't be.
Furthermore, the mechanical vibration method using a motor, a crank, and a spring is not practical because it is difficult to accurately vibrate in a high frequency region and generates noise.

本発明では、上記状況に鑑みて、電磁的な影響がないセラミック振動子を用いてレールの鉛直加振及び又は水平加振を行い、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定することにより、軸力評価の信頼性を向上を図ることができる軸力測定用レール加振方法及びその装置を提供することを目的とする。   In the present invention, in view of the above situation, the vertical vibration and / or horizontal vibration of the rail is performed using a ceramic vibrator having no electromagnetic influence, the natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axial force received by the rail is determined. It is an object of the present invention to provide an axial force measuring rail vibration method and apparatus capable of improving the reliability of axial force evaluation by measuring.

本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔1〕軸力測定用レール加振方法において、セラミック振動子をレールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置し、前記セラミック振動子を用いて前記レールを鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させ、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] In the rail excitation method for axial force measurement, the ceramic vibrator is disposed on the top surface and / or the side surface of the head of the rail, and the rail is vibrated vertically and / or horizontally using the ceramic vibrator. The natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axial force received by the rail is measured.

〔2〕上記〔1〕記載の軸力測定用レール加振方法において、前記セラミック振動子は、このセラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を入力させ、かつ数Hz〜数kHzの正弦波波形で加振させることを特徴とする。
〔3〕軸力測定用レール加振装置において、レールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置されるセラミック振動子と、このセラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を出力する基本周波数発生器と、低周波数の正弦波波形を発生させる低周波数の発振器と、前記基本周波数発生器からの出力と前記低周波数の発振器からの出力とを混合する混合器とを備え、前記混合器からの出力波形に基づいて前記セラミック振動子を駆動してこのセラミック振動子を前記レールの鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させて、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定することを特徴とする。
[2] In the rail vibration measuring method for axial force measurement according to [1], the ceramic vibrator inputs a pulse waveform having a frequency matching the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator, and is several Hz to several kHz. It is characterized in that it is vibrated with a sine wave waveform.
[3] In a rail vibration measuring apparatus for measuring axial force, the basic is to output a ceramic vibrator disposed on the top surface and / or the side surface of the rail and a pulse waveform having a frequency matching the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator. A frequency generator; a low-frequency oscillator that generates a low-frequency sine wave waveform; and a mixer that mixes the output from the fundamental frequency generator and the output from the low-frequency oscillator; The ceramic vibrator is driven based on the output waveform from the vibrator, and the ceramic vibrator is vibrated in the vertical and / or horizontal direction of the rail, the natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axial force received by the rail is measured. It is characterized by doing.

〔4〕上記〔3〕記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記基本周波数発生器は、前記セラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を出力することを特徴とする。
〔5〕上記〔4〕記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記パルス波形の周波数が1MHz近傍であることを特徴とする。
[4] In the rail vibration measuring apparatus for axial force measurement according to [3], the fundamental frequency generator outputs a pulse waveform having a frequency that matches a natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator.
[5] The axial vibration measuring rail excitation device according to [4], wherein the frequency of the pulse waveform is in the vicinity of 1 MHz.

〔6〕上記〔3〕記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記低周波数の発振器は数Hz〜数kHzの正弦波波形を出力することを特徴とする。
〔7〕上記〔3〕記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記混合器と前記セラミック振動子との間にバイポーラ増幅器を設け、前記混合器からの出力波形の正方向もしくは負方向のみのパルスに変換することを特徴とする。
[6] In the rail vibration measuring apparatus for measuring axial force according to [3], the low-frequency oscillator outputs a sine wave waveform of several Hz to several kHz.
[7] In the rail vibration measuring apparatus for axial force measurement according to [3], a bipolar amplifier is provided between the mixer and the ceramic vibrator, and only an output waveform from the mixer in a positive direction or a negative direction is provided. It is characterized in that it is converted into a pulse.

本発明によれば、電磁的な影響がないセラミック振動子をレールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置してレールの鉛直加振及び又は水平加振を行うことにより、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を把握することができる。   According to the present invention, by placing a ceramic vibrator having no electromagnetic influence on the top surface and / or side surface of the rail and performing vertical and / or horizontal vibration of the rail, the natural frequency of the rail is reduced. It is possible to measure and grasp the axial force received by the rail.

本発明の実施例を示す軸力測定用レール加振装置のセラミック振動子の駆動波形生成のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the drive waveform generation | occurrence | production of the ceramic vibrator of the rail-vibration apparatus for axial force measurement which shows the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例を示す軸力測定用レール加振装置の混合器の出力波形及びバイポーラ増幅器の出力波形を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the output waveform of the mixer of the rail-vibration apparatus for axial force measurement which shows the Example of this invention, and the output waveform of a bipolar amplifier. 本発明の実施例を示す軸力測定用レール加振装置のレールへのセラミック振動子の配置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the ceramic vibrator to the rail of the rail-vibration apparatus for axial force measurement which shows the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例を示す軸力測定用レール加振装置のレールへのセラミック振動子の装着状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the mounting state of the ceramic vibrator to the rail of the rail-vibration apparatus for axial force measurement which shows the Example of this invention. 本発明の軸力測定用レール加振装置の試験装置を示す図面代用写真である。It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the testing apparatus of the rail vibration measuring apparatus for axial force measurement of this invention. 本発明の軸力測定用レール加振装置の試験装置におけるセラミック振動子によるレールの共振時のインピーダンスの測定結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the impedance at the time of the resonance of the rail by the ceramic vibrator in the testing apparatus of the rail vibration measuring apparatus for axial force measurement of this invention. 従来の3本のまくらぎ上にレールを渡した軌道構造に関する固有モードの数値解析結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the numerical analysis result of the eigenmode regarding the track structure which passed the rail on the conventional three sleepers.

本発明の軸力測定用レール加振方法において、セラミック振動子をレールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置し、前記セラミック振動子を用いて前記レールを鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させ、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定する。
また、本発明の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、レールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置されるセラミック振動子と、このセラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を出力する基本周波数発生器と、低周波数の正弦波波形を発生させる低周波数の発振器と、前記基本周波数発生器からの出力と前記低周波数の発振器からの出力とを混合する混合器とを備え、前記混合器からの出力波形に基づいて前記セラミック振動子を駆動してこのセラミック振動子を前記レールの鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させて、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定する。
In the rail vibration measuring method for axial force measurement according to the present invention, the ceramic vibrator is disposed on a top surface and / or a head side surface of the rail, and the rail is vibrated in the vertical direction and / or the horizontal direction using the ceramic vibrator, Measure the natural frequency of the rail and measure the axial force received by the rail.
In the rail vibration measuring apparatus for axial force measurement according to the present invention, a ceramic vibrator disposed on the top surface and / or side surface of the rail and a pulse waveform having a frequency matching the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator are output. A fundamental frequency generator, a low frequency oscillator for generating a low frequency sine wave waveform, and a mixer for mixing the output from the fundamental frequency generator and the output from the low frequency oscillator, Based on the output waveform from the mixer, the ceramic vibrator is driven to vibrate the ceramic vibrator in the vertical and / or horizontal direction of the rail, the natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axial force received by the rail Measure.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明の実施例を示す軸力測定用レール加振装置のセラミック振動子の駆動波形生成のブロック図、図2はその軸力測定用レール加振装置の混合器の出力波形及びバイポーラ増幅器の出力波形を示す図であり、図2(a)は混合器の出力波形、図2(b)はバイポーラ増幅器の出力波形(セラミック振動子への入力波形)を示している。図3はその軸力測定用レール加振装置のレールへのセラミック振動子の配置を示す斜視図、図4はその軸力測定用レール加振装置のレールへのセラミック振動子の装着状態を示す断面図である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of driving waveform generation of a ceramic vibrator of an axial force measuring rail vibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an output waveform and bipolar of a mixer of the axial force measurement rail vibration device. FIG. 2A shows an output waveform of the amplifier, FIG. 2A shows an output waveform of the mixer, and FIG. 2B shows an output waveform of the bipolar amplifier (input waveform to the ceramic vibrator). FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the ceramic vibrator on the rail of the axial force measuring rail vibration device, and FIG. 4 shows the mounting state of the ceramic vibrator on the rail of the axial force measurement rail vibration device. It is sectional drawing.

これらの図において、1は基本周波数ジェネレータ(1MHz近傍出力)、2は低周波数の発振器(数Hz〜2000Hz出力)、3は混合器(ミクサ)、4はバイポーラ増幅器、5はレールの頭頂面に配置されるセラミック振動子、5′はレールの頭部側面に配置されるセラミック振動子,5A,5B,5A′,5B′はセラミック振動子5のリード線である。6はレール、6Aはレール6の頭部、6Bはレール6の頭頂面、6Cはレール6の腹部、6Dはレール6の底部、6Eはレール6の頭部側面、7はレール6の腹部6Cに配置される受信器、8は受信器7に接続されるレール軸力計測装置である。   In these figures, 1 is a fundamental frequency generator (output near 1 MHz), 2 is a low-frequency oscillator (output from several Hz to 2000 Hz), 3 is a mixer (mixer), 4 is a bipolar amplifier, and 5 is on the top of the rail. The ceramic vibrator 5 ′ is a ceramic vibrator arranged on the side surface of the head of the rail, and 5A, 5B, 5A ′, 5B ′ are lead wires of the ceramic vibrator 5. 6 is the rail, 6A is the head of the rail 6, 6B is the top of the rail 6, 6C is the abdomen of the rail 6, 6D is the bottom of the rail 6, 6E is the side of the head of the rail 6, and 7 is the abdomen 6C of the rail 6. Reference numeral 8 denotes a rail axial force measuring device connected to the receiver 7.

このように、この実施例では、
振動子としては電磁的な影響のないセラミック振動子5を用いた。このセラミック振動子5をレール6の頭頂面6B及び又は頭部側面6Eに装着して固有振動モードを用いてレール6を振動させる。
また、セラミック振動子5を共振モードで用いると、ほぼ95%以上の電力から振動への変換効率が得られる。非常に高いエネルギー変換効率が得られ、小型のセラミック振動子5でも、発熱の影響を考慮することなく、大きな電力を供給できる。高効率変換が可能なので装置(発信機自体)を小型化でき、セラミック振動子5をレール6の頭頂面6B及び又は頭部側面6Eに装着したことにより、レール6の鉛直方向の加振及び又は水平方向の加振を行うことができる。なお、セラミック振動子5をレール6の頭頂面6Bに配置して、レール6の鉛直方向の加振による測定を行った後に、そのセラミック振動子5をレール6の頭部側面6Eに配置してレール6の鉛直方向の加振による測定を行うよにしてもよい。つまり、レールの敷設状況に対応したレール6の加振態様を選定してレール6の合成した振動試験を行うことができる。
Thus, in this example,
As the vibrator, a ceramic vibrator 5 having no electromagnetic influence was used. The ceramic vibrator 5 is attached to the top surface 6B and / or the head side surface 6E of the rail 6, and the rail 6 is vibrated using the natural vibration mode.
Further, when the ceramic vibrator 5 is used in the resonance mode, a conversion efficiency from electric power to vibration of approximately 95% or more can be obtained. A very high energy conversion efficiency can be obtained, and even a small ceramic vibrator 5 can supply a large amount of power without considering the influence of heat generation. Since high-efficiency conversion is possible, the apparatus (transmitter itself) can be reduced in size, and by mounting the ceramic vibrator 5 on the top surface 6B and / or the head side surface 6E of the rail 6, the vertical excitation of the rail 6 and / or Horizontal excitation can be performed. The ceramic vibrator 5 is arranged on the top surface 6B of the rail 6 and measurement is performed by exciting the rail 6 in the vertical direction, and then the ceramic vibrator 5 is arranged on the head side surface 6E of the rail 6. You may make it perform the measurement by the vibration of the rail 6 in the vertical direction. That is, it is possible to select a vibration mode of the rail 6 corresponding to the rail laying situation and perform a combined vibration test of the rail 6.

また、セラミック振動子5の固有振動モードが生じる周波数は、セラミック振動子5の大きさにより異なってくるが、概ね数100kHzから数MHzの高周波である。後述の測定試験で用いた振動子では、約1MHz程度の周波数を入力することで達成できる。しかし、加振に必要な周波数帯(数Hzから数kHz)と大きく異なるので、以下のような工夫を行う。   Further, the frequency at which the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator 5 occurs varies depending on the size of the ceramic vibrator 5, but is a high frequency of about several hundred kHz to several MHz. In the vibrator used in the measurement test described later, this can be achieved by inputting a frequency of about 1 MHz. However, since it differs greatly from the frequency band (several Hz to several kHz) required for excitation, the following measures are taken.

セラミック振動子5自体には、図2に示すように、セラミック振動子5の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形(矩形波)を入力させるものとする。この状態で、別途、本来加振したい数Hz〜数kHzの正弦波波形を低周波数の発振器2で発生させる。そこで、基本周波数ジェネレータ1で発生させるパルス波形と、低周波数の発振器2で発生させる低周波数の正弦波波形の両者を混合器(ミクサ)3で混合し、パルス波形の電圧ピーク値を結んだ形状が、加振波形に一致するパルス波形を生成し、それをセラミック振動子5に入力する。   As shown in FIG. 2, a pulse waveform (rectangular wave) having a frequency that matches the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator 5 is input to the ceramic vibrator 5 itself. In this state, a low frequency oscillator 2 generates a sinusoidal waveform of several Hz to several kHz that is originally desired to be vibrated. Therefore, the pulse waveform generated by the fundamental frequency generator 1 and the low-frequency sine wave waveform generated by the low-frequency oscillator 2 are mixed by a mixer (mixer) 3 and the voltage peak value of the pulse waveform is connected. Generates a pulse waveform that matches the excitation waveform and inputs it to the ceramic resonator 5.

丁度1MHzの搬送波で、AM変調して、低周波の音声波形を伝送する、ラジオなどの方法に似ている。AM変調の場合は、搬送波の周波数で高速にプラス・マイナスの電圧変動を加えることになり、そのままでは低周波の再現はできない。そのためAM伝播の場合も、音声信号を復調するには、ダイオードを用いた検波により、正負いずれか片方の電圧成分のみを抽出する。通常のAM変調方式では、正弦波形の片側成分を取り出した加振となる。   It is similar to a method of radio or the like in which a carrier wave of exactly 1 MHz is AM-modulated and a low-frequency sound waveform is transmitted. In the case of AM modulation, plus / minus voltage fluctuation is applied at high speed with the frequency of the carrier wave, and low frequency cannot be reproduced as it is. Therefore, also in the case of AM propagation, in order to demodulate the audio signal, only one of the positive and negative voltage components is extracted by detection using a diode. In a normal AM modulation system, excitation is performed by extracting one side component of a sine waveform.

本発明では、AM変調の代わりに、ピークの包絡線が加振波形に一致する高周波のパルス波を使うところが大きく異なる。すなわち、加振波形がプラスの場合は、パルス波形は電圧0Vもしくはプラスの電圧成分しかもたず、一方、加振波形がマイナスの場合は、パルス波形は電圧0Vもしくはマイナスの電圧成分しかもたない。
本発明においては、基本周波数ジェネレータ1で混合したパルス波形を、超低インピーダンスの高出力のバイポーラ増幅器4を導入することにより、加振波形に一致して正方向〔図2(b)参照〕もしくは負方向のみにパルスを含む波形を生成して、そのままセラミック振動子5に入力できるようにした。
In the present invention, instead of AM modulation, a high-frequency pulse wave whose peak envelope coincides with the excitation waveform is greatly different. That is, when the excitation waveform is positive, the pulse waveform has only a voltage of 0V or a positive voltage component. On the other hand, when the excitation waveform is negative, the pulse waveform has only a voltage of 0V or a negative voltage component.
In the present invention, the pulse waveform mixed by the fundamental frequency generator 1 is introduced in the positive direction (see FIG. 2 (b)) in accordance with the excitation waveform by introducing the ultra-low impedance high output bipolar amplifier 4 or A waveform including a pulse only in the negative direction is generated and can be input to the ceramic vibrator 5 as it is.

以下、測定試験装置による測定結果について説明する。
図5は本発明の測定試験装置を示す図面代用写真、図6は本発明の測定試験装置におけるセラミック振動子によるレールの共振時のインピーダンスの測定の様子を示す図である。
(1)セラミック振動子5に基本周波数ジェネレータ1より約1MHz近傍の周波数を入力し、共振時のインピーダンスの測定を行った。図5に示すセラミック振動子5は、直径24mm,厚さ3mm程度と非常に小型である。
Hereinafter, the measurement result by the measurement test apparatus will be described.
FIG. 5 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the measurement test apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the state of impedance measurement during resonance of the rail by the ceramic vibrator in the measurement test apparatus of the present invention.
(1) A frequency in the vicinity of about 1 MHz was input to the ceramic vibrator 5 from the fundamental frequency generator 1 and the impedance at resonance was measured. The ceramic vibrator 5 shown in FIG. 5 is very small with a diameter of about 24 mm and a thickness of about 3 mm.

(2)図6に示すように、混合器(ミクサ)3からの出力波形をバイポーラ増幅器4で増幅して、その出力をセラミック振動子5に接続し交流抵抗を測定した。つまり、図6は面外方向(水平方向)の共振モード付近の拡大図である。なお、バイポーラ増幅器としては、例えば、DC−最高10MHzkの広帯域・高速・高出力電圧のパワーアンプである高速バイポーラ増幅器〔(株)エヌエフ回路設計ブロック製のHSAシリーズを用いることができる。このHSAシリーズは、電圧、電流を正負自由に出力できる象限出力であり、容量性負荷、誘導性負荷に対しても安定して動作する。   (2) As shown in FIG. 6, the output waveform from the mixer (mixer) 3 was amplified by the bipolar amplifier 4, the output was connected to the ceramic vibrator 5, and the AC resistance was measured. That is, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view near the resonance mode in the out-of-plane direction (horizontal direction). As the bipolar amplifier, for example, a high-speed bipolar amplifier (HSA series manufactured by NF Circuit Design Block Co., Ltd.), which is a power amplifier having a wide bandwidth, high speed, and high output voltage of DC—up to 10 MHzk can be used. This HSA series is a quadrant output that can freely output voltage and current positively and negatively, and operates stably with respect to capacitive load and inductive load.

(3)今回使ったセラミック振動子5の場合、987.2kHzで、面外方向(水平方向)の圧縮・伸縮のみの振動モードが得られた。バイポーラ増幅器4からの出力電圧は100Vp−p、そのときのインピーダンスは1.485Ωであった。バイポーラ増幅器4の内部抵抗は非常に小さいので、恐らくセラミック振動子5内部での消費電力は約100W程度に達すると想定されるが、発熱等もなく安定な振動モードが得られた。   (3) In the case of the ceramic vibrator 5 used this time, a vibration mode of only compression / extension in the out-of-plane direction (horizontal direction) was obtained at 987.2 kHz. The output voltage from the bipolar amplifier 4 was 100 Vp-p, and the impedance at that time was 1.485Ω. Since the internal resistance of the bipolar amplifier 4 is very small, the power consumption in the ceramic resonator 5 is assumed to reach about 100 W, but a stable vibration mode without heat generation or the like was obtained.

なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。   In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, Based on the meaning of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is possible and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

本発明の軸力測定用レール加振装置は、軸力評価の信頼性を向上させる軸力測定用レール加振装置として利用可能である。   The rail vibration measuring device for measuring an axial force according to the present invention can be used as a rail vibrating device for measuring an axial force that improves the reliability of the axial force evaluation.

1 基本周波数ジェネレータ(1MHz近傍出力)
2 低周波数の発振器(数Hz〜2000Hz出力)
3 混合器(ミクサ)
4 バイポーラ増幅器
5 セラミック振動子
6 レール
6A 頭部
6B 頭頂面
6C 腹部
6D 底部
7 受信器
8 レール軸力計測装置
1 Basic frequency generator (output near 1MHz)
2 Low frequency oscillator (several Hz to 2000Hz output)
3 Mixer
4 Bipolar Amplifier 5 Ceramic Resonator 6 Rail 6A Head 6B Top Surface 6C Abdomen 6D Bottom 7 Receiver 8 Rail Axial Force Measuring Device

Claims (7)

セラミック振動子をレールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置して前記セラミック振動子を用いて前記レールの鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させ、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定することを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振方法。   A ceramic vibrator is placed on the top and / or side of the rail, and the ceramic vibrator is used to vibrate in the vertical and / or horizontal direction of the rail, the natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axis that the rail receives A method of exciting a rail for measuring axial force, characterized by measuring force. 請求項1記載の軸力測定用レール加振方法において、前記セラミック振動子は、該セラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を入力させ、かつ数Hz〜数kHzの正弦波波形で加振させることを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振方法。   2. The axial vibration measuring rail excitation method according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic vibrator inputs a pulse waveform having a frequency that matches a natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator and is a sine wave waveform of several Hz to several kHz. A method of exciting a rail for measuring an axial force, characterized in that the vibration is caused by vibration. レールの頭頂面及び又は頭部側面に配置されるセラミック振動子と、該セラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を出力する基本周波数発生器と、低周波数の正弦波波形を発生させる低周波数の発振器と、前記基本周波数発生器からの出力と前記低周波数の発振器からの出力とを混合する混合器とを備え、前記混合器からの出力波形に基づいて前記セラミック振動子を駆動して前記セラミック振動子を前記レールの鉛直方向及び又は水平方向に振動させて、レールの固有振動数を測定し、レールの受ける軸力を測定することを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振装置。   Generates a ceramic vibrator placed on the top and / or side of the rail, a fundamental frequency generator that outputs a pulse waveform with a frequency that matches the natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator, and a low-frequency sine wave waveform And a mixer for mixing the output from the fundamental frequency generator and the output from the low frequency oscillator, and driving the ceramic vibrator based on an output waveform from the mixer Then, the ceramic vibrator is vibrated in the vertical direction and / or horizontal direction of the rail, the natural frequency of the rail is measured, and the axial force received by the rail is measured. apparatus. 請求項3記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記基本周波数発生器は、前記セラミック振動子の固有振動モードに一致する周波数のパルス波形を出力することを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振装置。   4. The axial force measuring rail according to claim 3, wherein the fundamental frequency generator outputs a pulse waveform having a frequency that matches a natural vibration mode of the ceramic vibrator. Excitation device. 請求項4記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記パルス波形の周波数が1MHz近傍であることを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振装置。   5. The axial force measuring rail vibration device according to claim 4, wherein a frequency of the pulse waveform is in the vicinity of 1 MHz. 請求項3記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記低周波数の発振器は数Hz〜数kHzの正弦波波形を波数の正弦波波形を出力することを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振装置。   4. The axial force measuring rail excitation device according to claim 3, wherein the low frequency oscillator outputs a sinusoidal waveform of several Hz to several kHz to a sinusoidal waveform of wave number. Shaker. 請求項3記載の軸力測定用レール加振装置において、前記混合器と前記セラミック振動子との間にバイポーラ増幅器を設け、正方向もしくは負方向のみのパルスに変換することを特徴とする軸力測定用レール加振装置。   4. The axial force measuring rail vibration device according to claim 3, wherein a bipolar amplifier is provided between the mixer and the ceramic vibrator, and is converted into a pulse only in a positive direction or a negative direction. Rail excitation device for measurement.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9620704B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2017-04-11 Fujifilm Corporation Method for etching piezoelectric film and method for manufacturing piezoelectric element
JP2017227583A (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Track information collection device and rail axial force measurement device

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07174643A (en) * 1993-12-20 1995-07-14 East Japan Railway Co Method for measuring axial force of rail

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07174643A (en) * 1993-12-20 1995-07-14 East Japan Railway Co Method for measuring axial force of rail

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9620704B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2017-04-11 Fujifilm Corporation Method for etching piezoelectric film and method for manufacturing piezoelectric element
JP2017227583A (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 Track information collection device and rail axial force measurement device

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