JP2011115044A - Apparatus for harvesting bunches of fruit vegetables and method for selectively harvesting fruit vegetables - Google Patents

Apparatus for harvesting bunches of fruit vegetables and method for selectively harvesting fruit vegetables Download PDF

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JP2011115044A
JP2011115044A JP2009211870A JP2009211870A JP2011115044A JP 2011115044 A JP2011115044 A JP 2011115044A JP 2009211870 A JP2009211870 A JP 2009211870A JP 2009211870 A JP2009211870 A JP 2009211870A JP 2011115044 A JP2011115044 A JP 2011115044A
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fruit
scissors
harvesting
bunches
fruiting
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JP5294173B2 (en
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Hiromi Omori
弘美 大森
Hidehito Kurosaki
秀仁 黒崎
Masuyuki Takaichi
益行 高市
Hiroki Kawashima
浩樹 川嶋
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for harvesting fruit vegetables, which has a simple structure and can harvest fruit bunches without injuring the fruits, and to provide a method for harvesting the fruit vegetables. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus 1 for harvesting the fruit bunches is characterized by comprising a fruit bunch-supporting member which is formed on the sides of the stumps of the fruit vegetables and supports the fruit bunches in hung states, a camera 30 for imaging the fruit bunches, fruit-picking scissors 40 which can cut and nip the carpophores of the fruit bunches, an opening or closing cylinder 50 for opening or closing the scissors, a moving mechanism portion 60 for moving the camera 30 and the fruit-picking scissors 40 in a three-dimensional direction, a travel vehicle body 15 which loads the opening or closing cylinder 50, the moving mechanism portion 60 and the like and can self-travel along a culture bed for culturing the stumps, and an operation control portion 80. The operation control portion 80 is used for moving the fruit-picking scissors 40 up to the same height as that of the fruit bunch-supporting member, when the travel vehicle body 15 moves in front of the stump, for opening the fruit-picking scissors 40, moving the fruit-picking scissors 40 to the fruit bunch-supporting member, moving the fruit-picking scissors 40 to the carpophores of the fruit bunches, and then cutting and nipping the carpophores of the fruit bunches with the fruit-picking scissors 40, when imaging the fruit bunches hung from the fruit bunch-supporting member with the camera 30 and then determining that the fruit bunches can be picked. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、果菜類の果実を果房毎に収穫する装置及びその収穫方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an apparatus for harvesting fruits and vegetables from each fruit bunch and a harvesting method thereof.

近年、果菜類の施設生産が盛んに行われているが、依然として多くの作業が人手で行われているのが現状である。このため、所要労働時間が著しく多くなり、作業の機械化や装置化による省力化が求められている。   In recent years, fruit vegetables have been actively produced in facilities, but the current situation is that many operations are still being performed manually. For this reason, the required labor time is remarkably increased, and labor saving is demanded by mechanization and apparatusization of work.

ところで、作業のうち誘引や摘果などの管理作業は、複雑な作業であるので機械化は困難であるが、収穫作業は、果菜類の収穫適期の果実の位置が特定できれば自動収穫が可能であるので、以前から試みられている(特許文献1〜3参照)。   By the way, management work such as attraction and fruit picking is complicated and difficult to mechanize, but harvesting work can be done automatically if the position of the fruit at the appropriate harvest time for fruits and vegetables can be identified. Have been tried for some time (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).

果菜類の収穫作業には、例えば、マニピュレータ先端に取り付けられたカメラで撮影した果菜類の全体画像を解析して画面内にある果実の方向を計算し、この計算結果からマニピュレータ先端を果実方向に接近させ、カメラにより再度撮影した画像データとマニピュレータ先端から果実までの距離と果実の大きさ判定と果柄の位置検出を行い、採果ハサミを果柄に接近させて果柄を切断するとともに挟持して採果する方法がある(特許文献1参照)。また果実全体の位置認識を行う第1のカメラと、一個の果実の形状と果柄の位置認識を行う第2のカメラを備え、第1のカメラで撮像された画像から摘採される果菜位置を求め、ロボットハンドを果菜位置まで移動させ、第2のカメラで撮像された画像から一個ごとの果菜の果実と果柄の位置を求め、求めた果柄部の位置にロボットハンドのフィンガーを移動させて把持、切断を行う果菜類の収穫作業がある(特許文献2参照)。さらに、CCDカメラにより果菜類(キュウリ)を撮像し、この撮像された果菜類(キュウリ)の画像から果菜類(キュウリ)の位置を算出して、マニュピュレータを移動させて果菜類(キュウリ)を吸着パットで吸着し、吸着された果菜類(キュウリ)の側面に接触しながら上下方向に移動可能に支持された摘果プレートが上方に所定距離を有してスライド移動したときに検出スイッチが摘果プレートを検出すると、果柄部が検出できないとする果菜類の収穫作業がある(特許文献3参照)。   For harvesting fruits and vegetables, for example, the whole image of fruits and vegetables taken with a camera attached to the tip of the manipulator is analyzed to calculate the direction of the fruit on the screen, and the tip of the manipulator is pointed in the direction of the fruit from this calculation result. The image data taken again with the camera, the distance from the manipulator tip to the fruit, the size of the fruit, and the position of the fruit pattern are detected, and the fruit scissors are brought close to the fruit pattern to cut and pinch the fruit pattern. Then, there is a method of harvesting (see Patent Document 1). In addition, a first camera for recognizing the position of the whole fruit and a second camera for recognizing the position of one fruit shape and fruit pattern are provided, and the position of fruit vegetables picked from the image captured by the first camera is determined. Find the position of the fruit and the pattern of each vegetable from the image captured by the second camera, and move the finger of the robot hand to the position of the determined pattern There is a harvesting operation of fruit and vegetables that are gripped and cut (see Patent Document 2). Further, the fruit and vegetables (cucumber) is imaged by the CCD camera, the position of the fruit and vegetables (cucumber) is calculated from the image of the imaged fruit and vegetables (cucumber), and the manipulator is moved to move the fruit and vegetables (cucumber). When the fruit picking plate that is adsorbed by the adsorbing pad and slidably moved upward with a predetermined distance while touching the side surface of the adsorbed fruit and vegetables (cucumber), the detection switch moves to the fruit picking plate. There is an operation for harvesting fruits and vegetables that the pattern portion cannot be detected (see Patent Document 3).

特開2004−180554号公報(段落0009〜0016、図1、図9)JP 2004-180554 A (paragraphs 0009 to 0016, FIGS. 1 and 9) 特開2001−095348号公報(段落0010〜0018、図1、図4)JP 2001-095348 A (paragraphs 0010 to 0018, FIGS. 1 and 4) 特開2000−188928号公報(段落0010〜0011、図1、図3)Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-188928 (paragraphs 0010 to 0011, FIGS. 1 and 3)

特許文献1に記載の収穫作業は、果実の切断位置を特定するために、カメラで撮影した果菜類の全体画像を解析し、さらに果実に接近したマニピュレータ先端と果実を再度撮影した画像を解析する必要がある。また特許文献2に記載の収穫作業では、第1のカメラで果実全体の位置認識を行い、第2のカメラで撮像された画像から一個ごとの果菜の果実と果柄の位置を解析する必要がある。また特許文献3に記載の収穫作業では、果菜類(キュウリ)が吸着された状態で摘果プレートを上方へ移動させて検出スイッチが摘果プレートを検出すると、果柄部が検出できないと判断されて、果菜類(キュウリ)の吸着位置を変更して、再度摘果プレートを上方へ移動させて検出スイッチが摘果プレートを検出しない状態になるまで、果菜類(キュウリ)の吸着位置変更と摘果プレートの上方へのスライド移動を繰り返する必要がある。   The harvesting work described in Patent Document 1 analyzes the whole image of fruit vegetables taken with a camera in order to specify the cutting position of the fruit, and further analyzes the image obtained by photographing the tip of the manipulator close to the fruit and the fruit again. There is a need. Further, in the harvesting work described in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to recognize the position of the whole fruit with the first camera and analyze the position of each fruit and fruit pattern from the image captured by the second camera. is there. Further, in the harvesting work described in Patent Document 3, when the fruit plate (cucumber) is adsorbed and the fruit picking plate is moved upward and the detection switch detects the fruit picking plate, it is determined that the fruit handle cannot be detected, Change the adsorption position of fruit vegetables (cucumber), move the fruit picking plate up again, and change the adsorption position of fruit vegetables (cucumber) and move up the fruit picking plate until the detection switch does not detect the fruit picking plate It is necessary to repeat the slide movement.

またこれら従来の収穫作業では、個々の果実の果柄を切断、把持したり、果実を把持・吸引するため、切断位置がずれると、果実が損傷したり、へたが取れたり、果実位置によっては他の果実の果柄等が邪魔をして収穫できないという問題がある。   In these conventional harvesting operations, the fruit pattern of each fruit is cut and gripped, and the fruit is gripped and sucked. Has a problem that it cannot be harvested because the pattern of other fruits interferes.

本発明は、果実を損傷させることなく収穫ができ、且つ切断位置を簡素な構造で特定可能な果菜類の収穫装置及び収穫方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a fruit vegetable harvesting apparatus and a harvesting method that can harvest without damaging fruits and that can specify a cutting position with a simple structure.

このような課題を解決するため、本発明の果菜類の果房収穫装置は、果菜類の株の側方に架設され、該株の茎から延びる果房の果柄を掛止して該果房を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材と、果房を撮影するカメラと、果房の果柄を切断するとともに該果柄を挟持可能な採果ハサミと、前記採果ハサミを開閉させる開閉アクチュエータ(例えば、実施形態における開閉シリンダ50)と、前記カメラ及び前記採果ハサミを三次元方向に移動させる移動アクチュエータ(例えば、実施形態における搬送シリンダ61,高さ調節用シリンダ63,収穫用シリンダ65)を有して、前記カメラ及び前記採果ハサミを移動可能に支持する移動機構部と、前記移動機構部の前記移動アクチュエータ及び前記開閉アクチュエータの作動を制御するとともに、前記カメラで果房を撮影し、撮影された果房の画像に基づいて該果房が採果可能な否か判断する作動制御部と、前記開閉アクチュエータと前記移動機構部と前記作動制御部を搭載し、株を栽培して直列的に設置された栽培ベッドに沿って自走可能な走行車体とを備え、前記作動制御部は、栽培ベッドに沿って前記走行車体が移動すると、前記移動アクチュエータの作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させ、前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた果房を前記カメラで撮影して該果房が採果可能であるか否か判断し、前記果房が採果可能であると判断すると、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させ、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた前記果房の果柄の位置まで移動させ、前記開閉アクチュエータの作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミによって前記果房の果柄を切断して挟持させることを構成要件とする(請求項1)。   In order to solve such a problem, the fruit and vegetable fruit harvesting device of the present invention is installed on the side of the fruit and vegetable stock, and hooks the fruit handle of the fruit and fruit that extends from the stem of the fruit and vegetables. Fruit supporting member that supports the tuft in a suspended state, a camera for photographing the tuft, a fruit scissor that cuts and holds the fruit handle of the fruit tuft, and opens and closes the fruit scissors An opening / closing actuator to be moved (for example, the opening / closing cylinder 50 in the embodiment) and a moving actuator to move the camera and the scissors in a three-dimensional direction (for example, the transport cylinder 61, the height adjusting cylinder 63 in the embodiment, and the harvesting) A moving mechanism unit that has a cylinder 65) and movably supports the camera and the scissors, and controls the movement actuator and the opening and closing actuator of the moving mechanism unit. In addition, an operation controller that photographs the fruit bunches with the camera and determines whether or not the fruit bunches are harvestable based on the photographed fruit bunches, the opening / closing actuator, the moving mechanism, and the operation control. Equipped with a traveling vehicle body that is capable of self-propelled along a cultivation bed installed in series by cultivating a stock, and when the traveling vehicle body moves along the cultivation bed, The movement scissors are controlled to move the fruiting scissors in the vertical direction to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit supporting member, and the fruit tress suspended by the fruit supporting member is moved to the camera. To determine whether or not the fruit bunches can be harvested, and determining that the fruit bunches can be harvested, move the fruit scissors to a position proximate to the fruit support member, The fruiting scissors are suspended from the fruit supporting member And moving to the position of the stalk of the fruit buns, controlling the operation of the opening / closing actuator, and cutting and pinching the stalks of the fruit bunches with the fruit scissors. 1).

果房を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材は、果房を吊り下げ状態で支持可能なものであればよく、具体的には、直列的に配置された株の栽培ベッドの側方に架設された棒状部材である。果房支持部材は果房を吊り下げた状態において撓みが小さいものがよく、材質は、金属、木、合成樹脂等のいずれでもよい。また果房支持部材の形状は、側面視において、板状、U字状、L字状、矩形状等のいずれでもよい。また果房支持部材の上部に株の位置に応じた切り欠き部を複数設け、各切り欠き部に果房の果柄を入れて、果房が果房支持部材の長手方向にずれにくいようにしてもよい。   The fruit supporting member that supports the fruit buns in a suspended state may be any member that can support the fruit buns in a suspended state, specifically, the side of the cultivation bed of the strains arranged in series. It is the rod-shaped member erected on. The fruit supporting member is preferably one that has a small amount of bending when the fruit is suspended, and the material may be any of metal, wood, synthetic resin, and the like. In addition, the shape of the fruit supporting member may be any of a plate shape, a U shape, an L shape, a rectangular shape, and the like in a side view. In addition, a plurality of notch portions corresponding to the position of the stock are provided on the upper part of the fruit support member, and a fruit handle of the fruit cluster is put in each notch part so that the fruit cluster is not easily displaced in the longitudinal direction of the fruit support member. May be.

また、果房支持部材は、上下方向に位置調節自在に架設されてもよい(請求項3)。果房支持部材を上下方向に移動させる移動手段は、手動式や電動式のいずれでもよい。移動手段は、具体的には、直列的に配置された株の栽培ベッドの長手方向に間隔を有して立設された複数の支柱の上部間に架設された連結部材に沿って回転自在に支持された直管パイプと、直管パイプを水平部材に対して回転させる回転機構部と、直管パイプに一端部が接続されて他端側が下方へ延びて他端部が果房支持部材に接続された紐部材とを有して構成される。回転機構部は、操作ハンドルを回転することで直管パイプを回転させる手動式や、モータの駆動によって直管パイプを回転させる電動式のいずれでもよい。   Further, the fruit supporting member may be installed so that the position thereof can be adjusted in the vertical direction (claim 3). The moving means for moving the fruit supporting member in the vertical direction may be either a manual type or an electric type. Specifically, the moving means is rotatable along a connecting member erected between the upper portions of a plurality of struts standing in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation beds of the strains arranged in series. A supported straight pipe, a rotation mechanism for rotating the straight pipe with respect to the horizontal member, one end connected to the straight pipe, the other end extending downward, and the other end to the fruit support member And a connected string member. The rotation mechanism unit may be either a manual type that rotates the straight pipe by rotating the operation handle, or an electric type that rotates the straight pipe by driving a motor.

カメラは果菜類の果房の果実の色を認識できるものが好ましい。採果ハサミは、果房の果柄を切断するとともに果柄を挟持可能なものであり、具体的には、ハサミの固定刃と可動刃の各片側に果柄を挟持可能な一対の挟持体を設けたものでもよい。   The camera is preferably capable of recognizing the fruit color of fruits and vegetables. The harvesting scissors are capable of cutting the fruit handle and holding the fruit handle, and specifically, a pair of holding bodies capable of holding the fruit handle on each side of the fixed blade and the movable blade of the scissors. May be provided.

採果ハサミは、前記果房支持部材の長手方向に沿って延びる方向に配置される(請求項4)。このように採果ハサミを果房支持部材の長手方向に沿って延びる方向に配置することで、採果ハサミの刃部を開いた状態で果房支持部材の長手方向に移動させると、開いた刃部間に果房支持部材に吊り下げられた果房の果柄を容易に入れることができ、果柄の切断・挟持を確実に行うことができる。   The harvesting scissors are arranged in a direction extending along the longitudinal direction of the fruit supporting member. By disposing the fruiting scissors in a direction extending along the longitudinal direction of the fruit supporting member in this way, the fruiting scissors opened when moved in the longitudinal direction of the fruit supporting member with the blade part of the fruiting scissors opened. The fruit handle of the fruit tress suspended from the fruit supporting member can be easily inserted between the blade portions, and the fruit handle can be cut and sandwiched reliably.

また採果ハサミは、その刃部が略垂直方向に回動可能に配置されていることが好ましい(請求項4)。採果ハサミの刃部は、具体的には、固定刃の刃縁に対して可動刃の刃縁が接触可能に構成される。刃部が略垂直方向に回動可能に配置されるとは、具体的には固定刃に対して可動刃が略垂直方向に回動可能に配置される状態をいう。これにより、採果ハサミの刃部を果房支持部材に近接させた位置に配置することができ、果房支持部材に掛止された果房の果柄が短い場合でも、採果ハサミの刃部が果房に接触して果房を傷つけることなく、果柄を切断することができる。   Further, it is preferable that the fruit scissors are arranged so that the blade portion is rotatable in a substantially vertical direction. Specifically, the blade portion of the fruit collection scissors is configured such that the blade edge of the movable blade can contact the blade edge of the fixed blade. Specifically, the phrase “the blade portion is disposed so as to be rotatable in a substantially vertical direction” refers to a state in which the movable blade is disposed so as to be rotatable in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the fixed blade. As a result, the blade portion of the fruiting scissors can be arranged at a position close to the fruit supporting member, and even when the fruit handle of the fruit catches hung on the fruit supporting member is short, the blade of the fruiting scissors The fruit handle can be cut without the part coming into contact with the fruit cluster and damaging the fruit cluster.

移動機構部の移動アクチュエータは、カメラや採果ハサミを三次元方向に移動させるものであり、具体的には、各次元毎に移動アクチュエータを設けるのがよい。移動アクチュエータは、電動モータを駆動源とするシリンダやスライダが移動可能な電動シリンダが好ましい。   The moving actuator of the moving mechanism unit moves the camera and the fruit scissors in the three-dimensional direction. Specifically, it is preferable to provide a moving actuator for each dimension. The moving actuator is preferably a cylinder using an electric motor as a drive source or an electric cylinder in which a slider can move.

作動制御部による果房の採取可能判断は、具体的には、カメラにより撮影された果房のカラー画像を所定の画素に分解し、画素の色が特定の色を有して且つ所定の彩度を超えているか否かを判定し、特定の色で且つ彩度が所定値を超えた画素数が所定値を超えると果房が採取可能であると判断するようにしてもよい。作動制御部による移動アクチュエータの作動制御は、採果ハサミが果房支持部材に近づくように移動アクチュエータの作動を制御した後に、採果ハサミが果房支持部材の長手方向に沿って移動するように移動アクチュエータの作動を制御する。採果ハサミの果房支持部材側への移動は、具体的には、採果ハサミを果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させた後に、採果ハサミが果房支持部材に近接するように採果ハサミを水平方向に移動させる。   Specifically, the determination of whether or not to collect the fruit bunches by the operation control unit is performed by decomposing the color image of the fruit bunches taken by the camera into predetermined pixels, and the pixel colors have a specific color and a predetermined color. It may be determined whether or not the degree is over, and if the number of pixels with a specific color and saturation exceeding a predetermined value exceeds a predetermined value, it may be determined that the fruit clusters can be collected. The operation control of the moving actuator by the operation control unit is such that after the operation of the moving actuator is controlled so that the fruiting scissors approach the fruit supporting member, the fruiting scissors move along the longitudinal direction of the fruit supporting member. Control the operation of the moving actuator. Specifically, the movement of the scissors to the fruit support member side is performed by moving the fruit scissors up and down to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member, and then the fruit scissors The scissors scissors are moved in the horizontal direction so as to be close to the tuft support member.

自走可能な走行車体は、駆動源からの動力を受けて走行可能なものであればよく、タイヤを有して走行可能なものや、鉄輪を有して軌道上を走行可能なもののいずれでもよい。   The self-propelled traveling vehicle body is not limited as long as it can travel by receiving power from a drive source, and can be either traveling with a tire or traveling on a track with an iron wheel. Good.

果菜類の果房収穫装置は、前記採果ハサミが前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に移動したことを検出する上下位置検出センサと、前記採果ハサミが前記果房支持部材に近接した位置に移動したことを検出する接近センサと、前記採果ハサミが開いた状態の一対の刃部の内側空間内に前記果房支持部材に掛止された果柄があることを検出する果柄検出センサとを備え、前記作動制御部は、前記上下位置検出センサからの上下位置信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを上下方向に移動させ、前記接近センサからの接近信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを横方向に移動させ、前記果柄検出センサからの接近信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に沿って移動させることを構成要件とする(請求項2)。   A fruit harvesting device for fruit vegetables, a vertical position detection sensor for detecting that the fruiting scissors have moved to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit supporting member, and the fruiting scissors supporting the fruit bunches A proximity sensor that detects that the position has moved to a position close to the member, and a handle that is hooked to the fruit support member in the inner space of the pair of blade portions in a state where the fruiting scissors are open. A pattern detecting sensor for detecting, and the operation control unit controls the operation of the moving mechanism unit until the vertical position signal from the vertical position detection sensor is generated to move the fruit scissors in the vertical direction. The moving mechanism section is controlled to move the fruiting scissors laterally until an approach signal from the approach sensor is generated, and the moving mechanism section until an approach signal is generated from the fruit pattern detection sensor. Before controlling the operation of The Tohate scissors and configuration requirements to be moved along the bunch supporting member (claim 2).

上下位置検出センサは、採果ハサミが果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に移動したことを検出するものであり、具体的には、上下位置検出センサは、移動機構部に設けられて採果ハサミの上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に配設された光学式の非接触センサである(請求項5)。上下位置検出センサの取り付け位置は、採果ハサミと略同じ高さの位置が好ましい。このようにすると、上下位置検出センサの水平方向前方に果房支持部材が位置すると、採果ハサミを果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に移動させることができる。   The vertical position detection sensor detects that the fruit scissors have moved to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member. Specifically, the vertical position detection sensor is provided in the moving mechanism section. And an optical non-contact sensor disposed at the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit scissors. The mounting position of the vertical position detection sensor is preferably a position substantially the same height as the fruit scissors. In this way, when the fruit supporting member is positioned in front of the vertical position detection sensor in the horizontal direction, the fruit scissors can be moved to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit supporting member.

接近センサは、採果ハサミが果房支持部材に近接した位置に移動したことを検出するものであり、具体的には、接近センサは、採果ハサミの果房支持部材側に面する部分に設けられて接触端子を有した接触式センサ、又は採果ハサミを支持して果房支持部材側に面する支持部材に設けられた光学式の非接触センサである(請求項5)。果房支持部材側に面する部分とは、採果ハサミが果房支持部材側に接近移動時の採果ハサミの移動端側の端部である。採果ハサミの移動端側の端部に接近センサを設けることで、採果ハサミが果房支持部材の近傍に移動すると、採果ハサミよりも先に接近センサを果房支持部材に接触させることができると共に、採果ハサミが果房支持部材に接近した状態を確実に検出することができる。   The proximity sensor detects that the fruiting scissors have moved to a position close to the fruit supporting member. Specifically, the proximity sensor is located on the part facing the fruit supporting member side of the fruiting scissors. It is a contact type sensor provided with a contact terminal, or an optical non-contact sensor provided on a support member that supports the fruit collection scissors and faces the cell support member side (Claim 5). The portion facing the fruit supporting member side is an end portion on the moving end side of the fruiting scissors when the fruiting scissors move closer to the fruit supporting member side. By providing the proximity sensor at the end of the fruiting scissors on the moving end side, when the fruiting scissors move in the vicinity of the fruit supporting member, the proximity sensor is brought into contact with the fruit supporting member before the fruiting scissors. In addition, it is possible to reliably detect the state in which the fruiting scissors are close to the fruit supporting member.

採果ハサミを支持する支持部材に非接触式の接近センサを設ける場合には、採果ハサミを果房支持部材に面する姿勢で支持する支持部材に接近センサを設けることが好ましい。このようにすると、採果ハサミが果房支持部材の近傍に移動すると、接近センサにより果房支持部材に対する採果ハサミの位置が検出されて、採果ハサミが果房支持部材に接近したことを確実に検出することができる。   When a non-contact type proximity sensor is provided on the support member that supports the fruit scissors, it is preferable to provide the proximity sensor on the support member that supports the fruit scissors in a posture facing the fruit support member. In this way, when the fruiting scissors move in the vicinity of the fruit supporting member, the proximity sensor detects the position of the fruiting scissors with respect to the fruit supporting member, and the fruiting scissors approach the fruit supporting member. It can be detected reliably.

果柄検出センサは、採果ハサミが開いた状態の一対の刃部の内側空間内に前記果房支持部材に掛止された果柄があることを検出するものであり、具体的には、採果ハサミの先端側に設けられ、該採果ハサミの開いた一対の刃部の内側空間内に延びる接触端子を有した接触式センサである(請求項5)。果柄検出センサの取り付け位置は、採果ハサミの先端側であればよく、採果ハサミの先端側に直接に設けたり、採果ハサミを取り付けた移動機構部に取り付けてもよい。   The fruit pattern detection sensor detects that there is a fruit pattern hooked on the fruit supporting member in the inner space of the pair of blade parts in a state where the fruiting scissors are opened. A contact-type sensor having a contact terminal provided on the front end side of the fruiting scissors and extending into the inner space of the pair of blade parts opened by the fruiting scissors. The attaching position of the fruit pattern detection sensor may be on the tip side of the fruiting scissors, and may be provided directly on the tip side of the fruiting scissors or attached to the moving mechanism portion to which the fruiting scissors are attached.

また本発明は、走行車体には、採果ハサミによって採果された果房を搬送する搬送コンベヤが設けられていることを構成要件とする(請求項6)。搬送コンベヤは、採果ハサミによって採果された果房を搬送コンベヤ上に載置すると、果房をコンベヤ搬送方向下流側に搬送する。搬送コンベヤは採果ハサミの移動範囲内のいずれかの位置の下方に配置される。搬送コンベヤは、自動で作動するようにする。この場合、搬送コンベヤに果房を検出可能な果房検出センサを設け、この果房検出センサにより果房が検出されると搬送コンベヤが作動するようにしてもよい。搬送コンベヤによる果房の搬送方向は、走行車体の進行を邪魔しない方向、例えば、走行車体の進行方向後方側が好ましい。   Moreover, this invention makes it a structure requirement that the traveling vehicle body is provided with the conveyance conveyor which conveys the fruit bun harvested by the fruit scissors (Claim 6). When the fruit conveyor harvested by the fruit scissors is placed on the conveyor, the conveyor conveys the fruit cluster downstream in the conveyor conveyance direction. The conveyor is arranged below any position within the moving range of the fruit scissors. The conveyor is to operate automatically. In this case, a fruit detection sensor capable of detecting fruit bunches is provided on the conveyor, and the conveyor may be activated when the fruit bunches are detected by the fruit detection sensor. The conveyance direction of the fruit bunches by the conveyance conveyor is preferably a direction that does not obstruct the traveling vehicle body, for example, the rear side in the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body.

また、搬送コンベヤは、走行車体の進行方向に対して幅方向にスライド自在に設けられていることを構成要件とする(請求項7)。搬送コンベヤをスライドさせる機構は、搬送コンベヤをスライド自在に支持する構造であればなんでもよい。この構造は、具体的には、スライドレールを介して搬送コンベヤを支持したり、搬送コンベヤ及び走行車体のいずれか一方にローラを設け、いずれか他方にローラの移動を案内する案内溝を設けて構成されてもよい。   In addition, the conveying conveyor is configured to be slidable in the width direction with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body (claim 7). The mechanism for sliding the transport conveyor may be any structure that supports the transport conveyor in a slidable manner. Specifically, this structure supports the conveyor via a slide rail, or provides a roller on one of the conveyor and the traveling vehicle body, and a guide groove for guiding the movement of the roller on the other. It may be configured.

また本願発明の果菜類の選択収穫方法は、栽培ベッドに栽培された株の側方に架設され、該株の茎から延びる果房の果柄を掛止して該果房を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材に掛止された果房の株の前方に採果ハサミを搭載した走行車体を移動させ、前記採果ハサミを三次元方向に移動可能に支持する移動機構部の作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させ、カメラにより前記果房を撮影し、撮影された前記果房の画像に基づいて前記果房が採取可能であるか否かを判断し、前記果房が採取可能であると判断すると、前記採果ハサミを開いて前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させ、若しくは前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させてから該採果ハサミを開き、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた前記果房の果柄に接触する位置まで移動させ、前記採果ハサミを閉じて前記果房の果柄を切断して挟持させ、上記動作を果房がなる株が直列的に栽培された栽培ベッドに沿って移動しながら行うことにより、収穫適期の果房を選択的に収穫することを構成要件とする(請求項8)。   In addition, the method for selective harvesting of fruit vegetables of the present invention is a state in which the fruit bunches extending from the stems of the strains are hung by hanging from the stems of the strains that are laid on the side of the strains cultivated on the cultivation bed. Actuation of a moving mechanism that moves the traveling vehicle body carrying the scissors in front of the fruit stocks that are hooked to the fruit support members that support the fruit scissors, and supports the fruit scissors movably in a three-dimensional direction. The fruit collection scissors are moved in the vertical direction to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member, the fruit bunches are photographed by a camera, and based on the photographed fruit bunches image Determining whether the fruit bunches can be collected, and determining that the fruit bunches can be collected, open the fruit scissors and move to a position close to the fruit supporting member, or Move the harvesting scissors to a position close to the fruit supporting member. The fruiting scissors are opened, the fruiting scissors are moved to a position in contact with the fruit handle of the fruit bunches suspended from the fruit supporting member, the fruiting scissors are closed, and the fruit handle scissors are closed. Cutting and pinching, and performing the above operation while moving along the cultivation bed in which the strains in which the fruit bunches are cultivated in series, thereby selectively harvesting the fruit bunches in the appropriate harvest period as a constituent requirement (Claim 8).

このように、採果ハサミを果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで移動させた後に、カメラにより撮影された果房が採取可能であると、採果ハサミを開いて果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させ、若しくは採果ハサミを果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させてから該採果ハサミを開き、果房支持部材に吊り下げられた果房の果柄に接触する位置まで移動させ、そして採果ハサミを閉じて果房の果柄を切断して挟持させる動作を栽培ベッドに沿って移動しながら行うことにより、採果ハサミは果房の果柄を切断するので、採果ハサミが果房の果実に接触して果実を傷める虞を無くすことができる。また採果ハサミを果房の果柄まで移動させる際に、採果ハサミを上下方向に移動させる制御を除き、採果ハサミの移動制御は、採果ハサミを果房支持部材に近接させ、そして採果ハサミを果柄に接触させて、採果ハサミの移動を停止させるように採果ハサミの移動を制御するので、果房支持部材や果柄の位置を予め解析して特定する必要がない。このため、果菜類の選択収穫方法やこれを実行する装置を簡素化することができる。   As described above, after the fruit scissors are moved to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member, the fruit scissors are opened and the fruit support is supported if the fruit photographed by the camera can be collected. Move to a position close to the member, or move the fruiting scissors to a position close to the fruit supporting member, then open the fruiting scissors and contact the fruit handle of the fruit tress suspended on the fruit supporting member The scissors cut the fruit stalk by moving it along the cultivation bed while closing the fruit scissors and cutting and pinching the fruit stalk. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the risk that the harvesting scissors come into contact with the fruit of the fruit bunches and damage the fruit. In addition, when moving the scissors to the handle of the fruit bunch, except for the control to move the fruit scissors up and down, the movement control of the fruit scissors moves the fruit scissors close to the fruit bunch support member, and Since the movement of the fruiting scissors is controlled so that the fruiting scissors are brought into contact with the fruit handle and the movement of the fruiting scissors is stopped, it is not necessary to previously analyze and specify the position of the fruit supporting member and the fruit handle. . For this reason, it is possible to simplify the method for selectively harvesting fruits and vegetables and an apparatus for executing the method.

また、本願発明の果菜類の選択収穫方法は、採果ハサミによって、栽培ベッドに栽培された1段目の果房の収穫を終了すると、上下方向に位置調節自在に架設された果房支持部材を1段目よりも上段に栽培された果房の収穫高さに位置調節すると共に、上段の果房の収穫を開始する収穫開始位置に走行車体を移動させ、走行車体を収穫開始位置から栽培ベッドに沿って移動させながら、採果ハサミによって上段の果房の収穫を行うことを構成要件とする(請求項9)。   In addition, the method for selectively harvesting fruit vegetables according to the present invention is a fruit supporting member that is erected in a vertically adjustable manner when the harvesting of the first stage fruit cultivated on the cultivation bed is completed by fruit scissors. Is adjusted to the harvest height of the fruit bunches grown above the first stage, and the traveling vehicle body is moved to the harvest start position where the upper fruit bunches start harvesting, and the traveling vehicle body is cultivated from the harvest start position. While moving along the bed, it is a constituent requirement to harvest the upper fruit bunches with fruit scissors (claim 9).

このようにすることで、栽培ベッドに複数段の果房が栽培されている場合、これら全ての果房を収穫することができる。上段の果房の収穫を開始する収穫開始位置は、1段目の果房の収穫開始位置の周辺位置をいう。走行車体を上段の果房の収穫を開始する収穫開始位置に移動させる作業は、手動で行ってもよいし、自動化してもよい。果房支持部材は、2段以上、上下方向に位置調節自在に設けてもよい。   By doing in this way, when multiple stages of fruit bunches are cultivated on the cultivation bed, all these fruit bunches can be harvested. The harvest start position at which the upper stage fruit bunches start to harvest refers to the position around the harvest start position of the first stage fruit bunches. The operation of moving the traveling vehicle body to the harvest start position for starting the harvesting of the upper fruit bunches may be performed manually or may be automated. The fruit supporting member may be provided in two or more stages so that the position can be adjusted in the vertical direction.

本発明に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置及び果菜類の選択収穫方法によれば、採果ハサミを果房支持部材に接近移動させ、採果ハサミを果房の果柄に接触させて果柄を切断・挟持することにより、果実を傷つけることなく果房の収穫を行うことができ、また果柄の位置を予め解析して特定する必要がなく、果菜類の選択収穫方法やこれを実行する装置を簡素化することができる。   According to the fruit vegetable harvesting apparatus and the method for selectively harvesting fruit vegetables according to the present invention, the fruiting scissors are moved close to the fruit supporting member, and the fruiting scissors are brought into contact with the fruit pattern of the fruit bunches. Can be harvested without damaging the fruit, and there is no need to analyze and specify the position of the fruit pattern in advance, and the method of selective harvesting of fruits and vegetables is executed. The apparatus can be simplified.

本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置を示し、同図(a)は果房収穫装置の平面図であり、同図(b)は果房収穫装置の側面図である。The fruit harvesting apparatus of fruit vegetables concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, The figure (a) is a top view of an fruit harvesting apparatus, The figure (b) is a side view of an fruit harvesting apparatus. It is. 本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置に設けられた採果ハサミの拡大斜視図を示す。The expansion perspective view of the fruit collection scissors provided in the fruit harvesting device concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention is shown. 本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置を用いた果菜類の選択収穫方法を説明するための側面図である。It is a side view for demonstrating the selective harvesting method of the fruit vegetables using the fruit harvesting apparatus concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置を用いた果菜類の選択収穫方法を説明するための側面図である。It is a side view for demonstrating the selective harvesting method of the fruit vegetables using the fruit harvesting apparatus concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の選択収穫方法を説明するためのフローチャートを示す。The flowchart for demonstrating the selective harvesting method of the fruit vegetables concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第1の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の選択収穫方法を説明するためのフローチャートを示す。The flowchart for demonstrating the selective harvesting method of the fruit vegetables concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置の概略側面図を示す。The schematic side view of the fruit harvesting apparatus of the fruit vegetables concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置の果房支持部材を上下方向に移動させる移動手段の斜視図を示す。The perspective view of the moving means which moves the fruit supporting member of the fruit fruit harvesting apparatus concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention to an up-down direction is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置の斜視図を示す。The perspective view of the fruit harvesting apparatus of the fruit vegetables concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置の要部拡大斜視図を示す。The principal part expansion perspective view of the fruit bun harvesting apparatus concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置による果房収穫時における果菜ハサミ裏面側の拡大斜視図を示す。The enlarged perspective view of the fruit vegetable scissors back side at the time of fruit harvesting by the fruit harvesting device concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置の要部斜視図を示す。The principal part perspective view of the fruit harvesting apparatus concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. 本発明の第2の実施の形態に係わる果房収穫装置に設けられた搬送コンベヤの斜視図を示す。The perspective view of the conveyance conveyor provided in the fruit harvesting apparatus concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown.

以下、本発明に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置及び果菜類の選択収穫方法の好ましい実施の形態を図1から図13に基づいて説明する。先ず、本発明に係わる果菜類の果房収穫装置について説明する。なお、本実施形態では、果菜類のうちトマトを例にして説明するが、本発明の果菜類の果房収穫装置及び果菜類の選択収穫方法は、トマト以外の果菜類(なす、きゅうり)にも適用可能である。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a fruit vegetable bunch harvesting apparatus and a fruit vegetable selective harvesting method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13. First, the fruit harvester fruit harvesting apparatus according to the present invention will be described. In addition, although this embodiment demonstrates tomato among fruit vegetables, the fruit bunch harvesting apparatus and fruit vegetables selective harvesting method of this invention are fruit vegetables (eggplant, cucumber) other than tomato. Is also applicable.

[第1の実施の形態]
先ず、第1の実施の形態に関する果菜類の果房収穫装置について説明する。果菜類の果房収穫装置1は、図3(側面図)に示すように、直列的に配置された株90の栽培ベッドBの前方に栽培ベッドBに沿って並設された2本のレールR上を移動しながら株90から生育した果房91を採取するものである。この果房収穫装置1は、果菜類の株90の側方に架設されて株90の茎から延びる果房91の果柄92を掛止して果房90を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材10と、レールR上を走行可能な走行車体15と、走行車体15の上部に搭載されて昇降可能な昇降機構部20と、昇降機構部20上に設けられ果房91を撮影するカメラ30と、果房91の果柄92を切断するとともに果柄92を挟持可能な採果ハサミ40(図2参照)と、採果ハサミ40を開閉させる開閉シリンダ50(図2参照)と、カメラ30及び採果ハサミ40を移動可能に支持する移動機構部60と、開閉シリンダ50や移動機構部60の作動を制御して採果ハサミ40を果房91の果柄92に移動させるとともに果柄92を切断して挟持させる作動制御部80とを備えて構成される。
[First embodiment]
First, the fruit and vegetable bunch harvesting apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 3 (side view), the fruit bunch harvesting apparatus 1 for fruit vegetables is provided with two rails arranged in parallel along the cultivation bed B in front of the cultivation bed B of the strain 90 arranged in series. Fruit bunches 91 grown from the strain 90 while moving on the R are collected. This fruit harvesting device 1 is a fruit that is installed on the side of a fruit vegetable strain 90 and supports the fruit cluster 90 hanging from the stem 92 of the fruit 90 extending from the stem of the fruit strain 90. The tuft support member 10, the traveling vehicle body 15 capable of traveling on the rail R, the lifting mechanism unit 20 mounted on the traveling vehicle body 15 and capable of moving up and down, and the fruit cluster 91 provided on the lifting mechanism unit 20 are photographed. A camera 30, a fruit scissors 40 (see FIG. 2) capable of cutting the fruit pattern 92 of the fruit bunch 91 and holding the fruit pattern 92, and an open / close cylinder 50 (see FIG. 2) for opening and closing the fruit scissors 40; The movement mechanism 60 that movably supports the camera 30 and the fruit scissors 40 and the operation of the opening / closing cylinder 50 and the movement mechanism 60 are controlled to move the fruit scissors 40 to the fruit handle 92 of the fruit bunch 91 and the fruit. An operation control unit 80 for cutting and clamping the handle 92; With configured.

果房支持部材10は、直列的に所定間隔を有して設けられた複数の栽培ベッドBの長手方向両端部に立設された支柱11間に掛け渡された棒状板部材である。果房支持部材10は、その長手方向の両端部が支柱11に支持されて略水平方向に延びている。図面上では、1段果房の近くに果房支持部材10が架設された場合を示している。なお、複数段果房の場合には、これらに応じた高さの果房支持部材10を設けることになる。果房支持部材10は、果房91を吊り下げた状態において撓みが小さいものがよく、果房支持部材10の材質は、金属、木、合成樹脂等のいずれでもよい。また果房支持部材10の形状は、側面視において板状、U字状、L字状、矩形状等のいずれでもよい。また果房支持部材10の上部に複数の株に対応する切り欠き部を設け、各切り欠き部に果房91の果柄92を入れて、果房91が果房支持部材10の長手方向にずれにくいようにしてもよい。   The fruit supporting member 10 is a rod-shaped plate member that is spanned between struts 11 erected at both longitudinal ends of a plurality of cultivation beds B that are provided in series with a predetermined interval. The fruit supporting member 10 extends in a substantially horizontal direction with both ends in the longitudinal direction supported by the support 11. In the drawing, the case where the fruit supporting member 10 is installed near the first stage fruit is shown. In the case of a multi-stage fruit bunch, a fruit bunch support member 10 having a height corresponding to these is provided. The fruit supporting member 10 should have a small deflection in a state where the fruit supporting 91 is suspended, and the material of the fruit supporting member 10 may be any of metal, wood, synthetic resin and the like. Further, the shape of the fruit supporting member 10 may be any of a plate shape, a U shape, an L shape, a rectangular shape and the like in a side view. Further, notches corresponding to a plurality of stocks are provided on the upper portion of the fruit support member 10, and a fruit handle 92 of the fruit cluster 91 is put in each notch part, so that the fruit clusters 91 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the fruit support member 10. You may make it hard to slip | deviate.

走行車体15は、図1(a)(平面図)及び図1(b)(側面図)に示すように、機体16と、機体16の底部の前部及び後部に前輪17及び後輪18を配設してレールR上を走行可能であり、機体16に設けられたモータ等の駆動源(図示せず)からの駆動力を受けて前輪17及び後輪18の少なくともいずれかが回転駆動可能に構成されている。機体16は、枠体16aとこの上部及び底部に板部材を配設して箱状に形成されている。駆動源は、電動モータであり、枠体16aに搭載されたバッテリー等の電池からの電力供給を受けて回転駆動するようになっている。なお、駆動源は、電動モータに限るものではなく、エンジン、油圧モータ等でもよい。   As shown in FIG. 1A (plan view) and FIG. 1B (side view), the traveling vehicle body 15 includes a body 16 and front wheels 17 and rear wheels 18 at the front and rear of the bottom of the body 16. It can be arranged and travels on the rail R, and at least one of the front wheels 17 and the rear wheels 18 can be rotationally driven by receiving a driving force from a driving source (not shown) such as a motor provided in the machine body 16. It is configured. The machine body 16 is formed in a box shape by arranging a frame member 16a and plate members on the top and bottom thereof. The drive source is an electric motor, and is rotated by receiving power supply from a battery such as a battery mounted on the frame 16a. The drive source is not limited to the electric motor, and may be an engine, a hydraulic motor, or the like.

駆動源への電力供給は、枠体16aに設けられた操作スイッチ(図示せず)の操作に応じて供給される。即ち、操作スイッチが操作されると、電池から駆動源に電力が供給されて駆動源の駆動軸が回転するように構成されている。   Electric power is supplied to the drive source in accordance with an operation of an operation switch (not shown) provided on the frame 16a. That is, when the operation switch is operated, electric power is supplied from the battery to the drive source, and the drive shaft of the drive source rotates.

一方、駆動源への電力供給の遮断は、一対のレールR間であって株90(図3参照)の前方に設置された磁石3からの磁力を、機体16の下部に設けられた磁力センサ4が検出をすると、作動制御部80が駆動源と電池との間の電気的接続を遮断することによって行われる。なお、磁力センサ4の取り付け位置は、磁石3の設置位置によって決まり、磁石3が一対のレールRの幅方向外側に設置されている場合には、磁力センサ4は機体16の幅方向外側位置や、機体16から側方に位置する場所に設けられる。また磁力センサ4の代わりに非接触式の光センサやリミットスイッチ等の接触センサにしてもよい。光センサを使用する場合には、株90の前方に光センサからの光を反射可能な反射板を設置し、接触センサを使用する場合には、株90の前方に接触センサに接触可能な突起物を設置する。   On the other hand, the power supply to the drive source is cut off by applying a magnetic force from the magnet 3 installed between the pair of rails R and in front of the stock 90 (see FIG. 3) to a magnetic force sensor provided at the lower part of the machine body 16. If 4 detects, it will be performed by the operation | movement control part 80 interrupting | blocking the electrical connection between a drive source and a battery. The attachment position of the magnetic sensor 4 is determined by the installation position of the magnet 3, and when the magnet 3 is installed outside the pair of rails R in the width direction, , Provided at a location located laterally from the body 16. Further, instead of the magnetic force sensor 4, a contact sensor such as a non-contact type optical sensor or a limit switch may be used. When using an optical sensor, a reflector that can reflect the light from the optical sensor is installed in front of the stock 90, and when using a contact sensor, a projection that can contact the contact sensor in front of the stock 90. Install objects.

昇降機構部20は、いわゆるシザースリンク機構21と、このシザースリンク機構21を駆動させる昇降シリンダ(図示せず)を有してなる。シザースリンク機構21は、複数の腕部材22を有して上下方向に伸縮可能に構成され、複数の腕部材22の上端部には略水平方向に延びる天板部23が設けられて、シザースリンク機構21の伸縮によって天板部23が昇降可能である。昇降シリンダは、シザースリンク機構21に接続されて、昇降シリンダの伸縮によってシザースリンク機構21を上下方向に伸縮させる。昇降シリンダは、例えば、単動式の油圧シリンダであり、手動式の油圧ポンプから供給される作動油によって伸長し、油圧シリンダに供給された作動油を油圧ポンプ側へ戻すことで、油圧シリンダが縮小するようになっている。なお、昇降シリンダは、手動式に限るものではなく、電動式等にして自動的に伸縮するようにしてもよい。   The elevating mechanism unit 20 includes a so-called scissor link mechanism 21 and an elevating cylinder (not shown) that drives the scissor link mechanism 21. The scissor link mechanism 21 has a plurality of arm members 22 and is configured to be extendable in the vertical direction. A top plate portion 23 extending in a substantially horizontal direction is provided at an upper end portion of the plurality of arm members 22, and the scissor link is provided. The top plate part 23 can be raised and lowered by the expansion and contraction of the mechanism 21. The elevating cylinder is connected to the scissor link mechanism 21 and expands and contracts the scissor link mechanism 21 in the vertical direction by expansion and contraction of the elevating cylinder. The elevating cylinder is, for example, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, which is extended by hydraulic oil supplied from a manual hydraulic pump, and returns the hydraulic oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder to the hydraulic pump side. It is designed to shrink. The elevating cylinder is not limited to a manual type, and may be electrically extended or retracted automatically.

移動機構部60は、昇降機構部20の天板部23上に走行車体15の進行方向に沿って配設された搬送シリンダ61と、搬送シリンダ61に設けられたスライダ62上に起立状態に配設された高さ調節用シリンダ63と、高さ調節用シリンダ63の進行方向後側に設けられたスライダ64にロッド側先端部が株側に伸縮可能に取り付けられた収穫用シリンダ65と、収穫用シリンダ65のロッド側先端部に取り付けられた採果ハサミ40を開閉させる開閉シリンダ50とを有してなる。   The moving mechanism section 60 is arranged in a standing state on a transport cylinder 61 disposed along the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body 15 on the top plate section 23 of the lifting mechanism section 20 and a slider 62 disposed on the transport cylinder 61. A height adjusting cylinder 63, a harvesting cylinder 65 in which a rod side tip is attached to a stock side so as to be able to expand and contract on a slider 64 provided on the rear side in the traveling direction of the height adjusting cylinder 63; And an open / close cylinder 50 that opens and closes the fruit scissors 40 attached to the rod side tip of the cylinder 65 for use.

搬送シリンダ61は電動シリンダであり、走行車体15の進行方向に沿って延びるシリンダ本体61aに回転可能に設けられたボールネジ(図示せず)にスライダ62(図1(b)参照)が螺合し、ボールネジを電動モータ(図示せず)で回転させてスライダ62をボールネジに沿って移動させるように構成されている。スライダ62の位置調節は、ボールネジに接続された電動モータの回転数を制御することによって行われ、スライダ62を天板部23の長手方向一方側と他方側との間で移動可能である。電動モータの回転数制御は、詳細は後述するが、作動制御部80によって行われる。   The transfer cylinder 61 is an electric cylinder, and a slider 62 (see FIG. 1B) is screwed to a ball screw (not shown) rotatably provided on a cylinder body 61a extending along the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body 15. The slider 62 is moved along the ball screw by rotating the ball screw with an electric motor (not shown). The position adjustment of the slider 62 is performed by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor connected to the ball screw, and the slider 62 can be moved between one side and the other side in the longitudinal direction of the top plate portion 23. The rotation speed control of the electric motor is performed by the operation control unit 80, which will be described in detail later.

スライダ62上にはこの移動方向に対して直交する方向に延びる載置台66が取り付けられている。載置台66は、搬送シリンダ61を中央にしてシリンダ幅方向に延び、載置台66の長手方向両端部の下部には、ローラ67が回転自在に設けられている。このローラ67は、搬送シリンダ61のシリンダ幅方向両側に搬送シリンダ61に沿って配設された一対の安定板68上を転動して採果ハサミ40を安定に支持している。なお、天板部23の長手方向前側には、採果された果房を載置可能な収納部69が設けられている。   Mounted on the slider 62 is a mounting table 66 extending in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction. The mounting table 66 extends in the cylinder width direction with the transport cylinder 61 at the center, and rollers 67 are rotatably provided at lower portions of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the mounting table 66. The roller 67 rolls on a pair of stabilizing plates 68 disposed along the conveyance cylinder 61 on both sides in the cylinder width direction of the conveyance cylinder 61 to stably support the fruit collection scissors 40. A storage unit 69 on which the harvested fruit bunches can be placed is provided on the front side of the top plate part 23 in the longitudinal direction.

高さ調節用シリンダ63は、搬送シリンダ61と同様に構成され、垂直方向に延びるシリンダ本体63aに回転可能に設けられたボールネジ(図示せず)にスライダ64が螺合し、ボールネジを電動モータ(図示せず)で回転させてスライダ64をボールネジに沿って移動させるように構成されている。電動モータの回転数制御は、詳細は後述するが、作動制御部80によって行われる。   The height adjusting cylinder 63 is configured in the same manner as the transport cylinder 61, and a slider 64 is screwed onto a ball screw (not shown) rotatably provided on a cylinder body 63a extending in the vertical direction. And the slider 64 is moved along the ball screw. The rotation speed control of the electric motor is performed by the operation control unit 80, which will be described in detail later.

収穫用シリンダ65は、いわゆる伸縮シリンダであり、電動モータ(図示せず)の回転によってシリンダチューブ65aに対してシリンダロッド65bが伸縮可能に構成されている。シリンダチューブ65aに対するシリンダロッド65bの伸縮量は、電動モータの回転数を制御することによって行われ、この制御は、詳細は後述するが、作動制御部80が行う。   The harvesting cylinder 65 is a so-called expansion / contraction cylinder, and is configured such that the cylinder rod 65b can be expanded and contracted with respect to the cylinder tube 65a by rotation of an electric motor (not shown). The expansion / contraction amount of the cylinder rod 65b with respect to the cylinder tube 65a is performed by controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor, and this control is performed by the operation control unit 80, which will be described in detail later.

このように、搬送シリンダ61、高さ調節用シリンダ63、収穫用シリンダ65によって、収穫用シリンダ65のロッド側端部に設けられた採果ハサミ40を三次元的に移動させることができる。   Thus, the harvesting scissors 40 provided at the rod side end of the harvesting cylinder 65 can be moved three-dimensionally by the transport cylinder 61, the height adjusting cylinder 63, and the harvesting cylinder 65.

収穫用シリンダ65のシリンダロッド65bの先端部には、図2(斜視図)に示すように、側面視L字形をした支持板70が取り付けられ、この支持板70上に採果ハサミ40の開閉を行う開閉シリンダ50が取付板71を介して取り付けられている。開閉シリンダ50は、複動型の空気シリンダであり、走行車体15(図1(b)参照)に設置されたコンプレッサ(図示せず)から供給される空気によって伸長し、開閉シリンダ50とコンプレッサとの間に設けられた方向切替弁(図示せず)を介して開閉シリンダ50内の空気を排出することで、開閉シリンダ50が縮小するようになっている。方向切替弁の作動制御は、作動制御部80が行う。なお、開閉シリンダ50は空気シリンダに限るものではなく、電動モータ、電動シリンダ、油圧シリンダ等でもよい。   As shown in FIG. 2 (perspective view), a support plate 70 having an L-shape in side view is attached to the tip of the cylinder rod 65b of the harvesting cylinder 65, and the fruit scissors 40 are opened and closed on the support plate 70. An open / close cylinder 50 is attached through a mounting plate 71. The open / close cylinder 50 is a double-acting air cylinder, and is extended by air supplied from a compressor (not shown) installed in the traveling vehicle body 15 (see FIG. 1B). The open / close cylinder 50 is contracted by discharging the air in the open / close cylinder 50 through a direction switching valve (not shown) provided between the open / close cylinders. The operation control unit 80 controls the operation of the direction switching valve. The open / close cylinder 50 is not limited to an air cylinder, and may be an electric motor, an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like.

開閉シリンダ50のロッド側端部に設けられた採果ハサミ40は、固定刃41と可動刃42とを有して構成され、採果ハサミ40が閉じた状態で、採果ハサミ40は収穫用シリンダ65の伸長方向と直交する方向に配設されている。つまり、採果ハサミ40は、走行車体15の進行方向に沿った方向に配設されている。   The harvesting scissors 40 provided at the rod side end of the open / close cylinder 50 are configured to have a fixed blade 41 and a movable blade 42. With the harvesting scissors 40 closed, the harvesting scissors 40 are used for harvesting. The cylinder 65 is disposed in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the cylinder 65. That is, the fruit scissors 40 are arranged in a direction along the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body 15.

採果ハサミ40の固定刃41の基端側端部は支持板70の裏面側へ延びてボルト等によって固定されている。可動刃42は、その基端部が固定刃側へ張り出すフランジ部42aを備え、フランジ部42aの基端側が固定刃41の基端部に対して回動自在に取り付けられるとともに、フランジ部42aの先端側が開閉シリンダ50のロッド側端部に接続されている。このため、開閉シリンダ50が伸縮すると、可動刃42は固定刃41に対して回動して、採果ハサミ40が開閉する。可動刃42と固定刃41の各片側には果柄を挟持可能な一対の挟持体43が設けられている。なお、フランジ部42aは、採果ハサミ40が閉じた状態になると、その先端部が採果ハサミ40の最も外側に位置するように張り出している。このため、採果ハサミ40が閉じた状態で収穫用シリンダ65が伸長すると、フランジ部42aの先端部が図3に示す果房支持部材10に最初に接触することになる。   The base end side end of the fixed blade 41 of the fruit scissors 40 extends to the back side of the support plate 70 and is fixed by a bolt or the like. The movable blade 42 includes a flange portion 42a whose base end portion projects toward the fixed blade side, and the base end side of the flange portion 42a is rotatably attached to the base end portion of the fixed blade 41, and the flange portion 42a. Is connected to the rod side end of the open / close cylinder 50. For this reason, when the open / close cylinder 50 expands and contracts, the movable blade 42 rotates with respect to the fixed blade 41 and the fruit scissors 40 open and close. On each side of the movable blade 42 and the fixed blade 41, a pair of sandwiching bodies 43 capable of sandwiching the fruit handle are provided. In addition, the flange part 42a protrudes so that the front-end | tip part may be located in the outermost part of the fruit scissors 40, when the fruit scissors 40 will be in the closed state. For this reason, when the harvesting cylinder 65 is extended in a state where the fruit scissors 40 are closed, the tip of the flange portion 42a first comes into contact with the fruit supporting member 10 shown in FIG.

フランジ部42aの先端側の上部には、接近センサ44が取り付けられている。この接近センサ44は、フランジ部42aの先端側の上部に取り付けられたスイッチ本体部44aと、このスイッチ本体部44aから延びる接触端子44bとを有したリミットスイッチであり、接触端子44bはフランジ部42aの先端よりも外側に配置されている。このため、採果ハサミ40が開いている状態で収穫用シリンダ65が伸長して採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材側に移動すると、接触端子44bが最初に果房支持部材10に接触して、採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材10に接近移動したことを検出することができる。   An proximity sensor 44 is attached to the top of the flange portion 42a on the tip side. The proximity sensor 44 is a limit switch having a switch main body 44a attached to the top of the flange portion 42a and a contact terminal 44b extending from the switch main body 44a. The contact terminal 44b is a flange portion 42a. It is arrange | positioned outside the front-end | tip. For this reason, when the harvesting cylinder 65 is extended in a state where the fruiting scissors 40 are open and the fruiting scissors 40 move to the fruit support member side, the contact terminal 44b first contacts the fruit support member 10. It is possible to detect that the fruit scissors 40 have moved closer to the fruit support member 10.

可動刃42の基端側の上方には、開いた採果ハサミ40の可動刃42と固定刃41との間の空間45内に果房91の果柄92があることを検出可能な果柄検出センサ46が設けられている。この果柄検出センサ46は、収穫用シリンダ65のロッド側端部に設けられた支持板70から可動刃側へ張設された張出部材47の先端側上部に取り付けられたスイッチ本体部46aと、このスイッチ本体部46aから延びる接触端子46bとを有したリミットスイッチであり、接触端子46bは開いた採果ハサミ40の可動刃42と固定刃41との間の空間45の上方に延びている。このため、採果ハサミ40が移動して可動刃42と固定刃41との間の空間45内に果房91の果柄92が位置すると、接触端子46bに果柄92が接触して果柄92の存在を確実に検出することができる。   Above the base end side of the movable blade 42, it is possible to detect that there is a handle 92 of the fruit bunch 91 in the space 45 between the movable blade 42 of the open scissors 40 and the fixed blade 41. A detection sensor 46 is provided. The fruit pattern detection sensor 46 includes a switch main body 46a attached to the upper end of the projecting member 47 extending from the support plate 70 provided on the rod side end of the harvesting cylinder 65 to the movable blade side. The contact switch 46b has a contact terminal 46b extending from the switch body 46a. The contact terminal 46b extends above the space 45 between the movable blade 42 and the fixed blade 41 of the open scissors 40. . For this reason, when the fruit scissors 40 move and the pattern 92 of the fruit cluster 91 is positioned in the space 45 between the movable blade 42 and the fixed blade 41, the fruit pattern 92 comes into contact with the contact terminal 46b. The presence of 92 can be reliably detected.

図1(a)及び図1(b)に示すように、高さ調節用シリンダ63よりも採果ハサミ40側へ張り出す収穫用シリンダ65のシリンダチューブ65aには、採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材10の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置にあることを検出する上下位置検出センサ53が設けられている。上下位置検出センサ53は収穫用シリンダ65と一体的に取り付けられており、収穫用シリンダ65の昇降移動とともに移動する。この上下位置検出センサ53は、収穫用シリンダ65に取り付けられた支持部材54を介して取り付けられて、採果ハサミ40と略同じ高さの位置に設けられている。このため、上下位置検出センサ53によって果房支持部材10が検出されると、採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材10の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置にあることになる。上下位置検出センサ53は、レーザ光を発射して反射光の光量を検出するいわゆる光センサであり、可視光や赤外光を発射するものでもよい。   As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the fruiting scissors 40 are attached to the cylinder tube 65a of the harvesting cylinder 65 projecting from the height adjusting cylinder 63 to the fruiting scissors 40 side. A vertical position detection sensor 53 that detects that the support member 10 is at the same or substantially the same vertical position is provided. The vertical position detection sensor 53 is integrally attached to the harvesting cylinder 65 and moves as the harvesting cylinder 65 moves up and down. The vertical position detection sensor 53 is attached via a support member 54 attached to the harvesting cylinder 65 and is provided at a position substantially the same height as the harvesting scissors 40. For this reason, when the fruit support member 10 is detected by the vertical position detection sensor 53, the fruit collection scissors 40 are at the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member 10. The vertical position detection sensor 53 is a so-called optical sensor that emits laser light and detects the amount of reflected light, and may emit visible light or infrared light.

また収穫用シリンダ65に取り付けられた支持部材54には、株90から成長した果房91を撮影するカメラ30が取り付けられている。このカメラ30は上下位置検出センサ53に隣接するように配設されるとともに、採果ハサミ40と略同じ高さの位置に設けられ、カメラ30の対物レンズは採果ハサミ側へ向いている。このため、採果対象となる果房91を確実に撮影することができる。カメラ30はカラー映像を撮影可能な、例えば、CCDカメラであり、撮影した画像は、作動制御部80に送られて解析される。画像の解析内容については後述する。   Further, a camera 30 for photographing the fruit clusters 91 grown from the stock 90 is attached to the support member 54 attached to the harvesting cylinder 65. The camera 30 is disposed adjacent to the vertical position detection sensor 53 and is provided at a position substantially the same height as the harvesting scissors 40, and the objective lens of the camera 30 faces the harvesting scissors side. For this reason, the fruit cluster 91 used as a fruit collection object can be image | photographed reliably. The camera 30 is, for example, a CCD camera capable of shooting a color image, and the shot image is sent to the operation control unit 80 and analyzed. The details of image analysis will be described later.

作動制御部80は、高さ調節用シリンダ63の作動を制御して採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させ、カメラ30により撮影された果房の画像に基づいて果房91が採取可能であるか否かを判断し、果房91が採取可能であると判断すると、搬送シリンダ61、収穫用シリンダ65の作動を制御して、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に近接する位置まで移動させ、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に吊り下げられた果房91の果柄92の位置まで移動させ、開閉シリンダ50の作動を制御して、採果ハサミ40によって果房91の果柄92を切断して挟持させる。   The operation control unit 80 controls the operation of the height adjusting cylinder 63 to move the fruit scissors 40 in the vertical direction to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member 10, and was photographed by the camera 30. Based on the image of the fruit bunches, it is determined whether or not the fruit bunches 91 can be collected. If it is determined that the fruit bunches 91 can be collected, the operations of the transport cylinder 61 and the harvesting cylinder 65 are controlled to collect the fruit bunches 91. The scissors 40 are moved to a position close to the fruit support member 10, the fruit scissors 40 are moved to the position of the fruit handle 92 of the fruit cluster 91 suspended from the fruit support member 10, and the opening / closing cylinder 50 is operated. The fruit handle 92 is cut and pinched by the fruit scissors 40.

カメラ30により撮影された果房91のカラー画像は、所定の画素に分解され、画素の色が特定色(例えば、赤色)を有し且つ所定の彩度を超えているか否かが判定され、特定色で且つ彩度が所定値を超えた画素数が所定値を超えていると果房が採取可能であると判断される。このため、図4に示す果房91'が青色である場合には、この果房91'が採取可能であると判断されることはない。   The color image of the fruit cluster 91 photographed by the camera 30 is decomposed into predetermined pixels, and it is determined whether or not the color of the pixel has a specific color (for example, red) and exceeds a predetermined saturation, If the number of pixels having a specific color and saturation exceeding a predetermined value exceeds a predetermined value, it is determined that the fruit bunches can be collected. For this reason, when the fruit cluster 91 ′ shown in FIG. 4 is blue, it is not determined that the fruit cluster 91 ′ can be collected.

次に、果菜類の果房収穫装置1を用いた果菜類の選択収穫方法について説明する。先ず、図3、図5、図6に示すように、昇降機構部20の手動式の油圧ポンプを操作して昇降機構部20の天板部23を昇降させて、採果ハサミ40(図1(b)参照)を果房支持部材10よりも少し下の位置に移動するように昇降機構部20の高さを粗調整する(ステップ100)。そして、走行車体15が、端に位置する栽培ベッドBに栽培されている株90の前方位置(収穫開始位置)に位置するように走行車体15を移動させる(ステップ101)。走行車体15の移動の開始は、作業者の操作スイッチの操作によって行われる。操作スイッチが操作されると、走行車体15がレールR上を走行し、磁力センサ4が定位置に設置された磁石3の磁力を検出すると、走行車体15が停止する。その後は、操作スイッチの操作は不要であり、走行車体15の走行・停止は自動的に繰り返される。なお、事前に昇降機構部20の粗調整が済んでいれば、作業者の操作スイッチの操作を行わなくても走行車体15の移動の開始や次の栽培ベッドBへの移動を自動的に行うことも可能である。また、無線機器(図示せず)の搭載により遠隔操作も可能である。   Next, a method for selectively harvesting fruits and vegetables using the fruit and vegetable bunch harvesting apparatus 1 will be described. First, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the manual hydraulic pump of the elevating mechanism unit 20 is operated to raise and lower the top plate part 23 of the elevating mechanism unit 20, and the fruit scissors 40 (FIG. 1). The height of the elevating mechanism 20 is roughly adjusted so that (see (b)) is moved to a position slightly below the fruit support member 10 (step 100). Then, the traveling vehicle body 15 is moved so that the traveling vehicle body 15 is positioned at the front position (harvest start position) of the strain 90 cultivated on the cultivation bed B located at the end (step 101). The movement of the traveling vehicle body 15 is started by the operation of the operator's operation switch. When the operation switch is operated, the traveling vehicle body 15 travels on the rail R, and when the magnetic force sensor 4 detects the magnetic force of the magnet 3 installed at a fixed position, the traveling vehicle body 15 stops. After that, it is not necessary to operate the operation switch, and traveling / stopping of the traveling vehicle body 15 is automatically repeated. In addition, if rough adjustment of the raising / lowering mechanism part 20 has been completed in advance, the start of the movement of the traveling vehicle body 15 and the movement to the next cultivation bed B are automatically performed without the operator's operation of the operation switch. It is also possible. Further, remote control is possible by mounting a wireless device (not shown).

走行車体15が定位置に移動すると、作動制御部80は上下位置検出センサ53から検出信号が検出されるまで高さ調節シリンダ63を伸長させて採果ハサミ40の高さ調整を行う(ステップ102)。そして、上下位置検出センサ53から検出信号が検出されると(ステップ103)、高さ調節シリンダ63の伸長動作を停止させて採果ハサミ40の昇降移動を停止する(ステップ104)。なお、上下位置検出センサ53から検出信号が検出されていない状態では、ステップ102に戻って高さ調節シリンダ63の伸長動作が継続される。   When the traveling vehicle body 15 moves to a fixed position, the operation control unit 80 extends the height adjustment cylinder 63 until the detection signal is detected from the vertical position detection sensor 53, and adjusts the height of the fruit scissors 40 (step 102). ). Then, when a detection signal is detected from the vertical position detection sensor 53 (step 103), the extension operation of the height adjusting cylinder 63 is stopped and the vertical movement of the fruit scissors 40 is stopped (step 104). In the state where the detection signal is not detected from the vertical position detection sensor 53, the process returns to step 102 and the extension operation of the height adjusting cylinder 63 is continued.

採果ハサミ40の上下位置調整が終わると、作動制御部80はカメラ30により撮影された果房91が適採時期にあるか否かの判断を行う(ステップ105)。果房91が適採時期にあると判断されると、収穫用シリンダ65を伸長させるとともに開閉シリンダ50(図2参照)を伸長させて採果ハサミ40を開いた状態にする(ステップ106)。なお、ステップ105において果房91が適採時期にないと判断されるとステップ116に移行する。   When the adjustment of the vertical position of the fruit scissors 40 is completed, the operation control unit 80 determines whether or not the fruit cluster 91 photographed by the camera 30 is at an appropriate time (step 105). If it is determined that the fruit bunch 91 is in the proper harvesting time, the harvesting cylinder 65 is extended and the open / close cylinder 50 (see FIG. 2) is extended to open the fruit collection scissors 40 (step 106). If it is determined in step 105 that the fruit bunch 91 is not at the appropriate time, the process proceeds to step 116.

収穫用シリンダ65の伸長時において接近センサ44からの検出信号があるか否かが判断され(ステップ107)、接近センサ44から検出信号が出力されると、作動制御部80は、収穫用シリンダ65の伸長動作を停止させる(ステップ108)。一方、ステップ107において接近センサ44から検出信号が出力されていない場合には、ステップ106に戻って収穫用シリンダ65の伸長動作を継続させる。   When the harvesting cylinder 65 is extended, it is determined whether or not there is a detection signal from the proximity sensor 44 (step 107). When the detection signal is output from the proximity sensor 44, the operation control unit 80 causes the harvesting cylinder 65 to operate. Is stopped (step 108). On the other hand, when the detection signal is not output from the proximity sensor 44 in step 107, the process returns to step 106 and the extension operation of the harvesting cylinder 65 is continued.

収穫用シリンダ65の伸長動作が停止されると、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に沿って移動するように搬送シリンダ61を伸長させる(ステップ109)。そして、搬送シリンダ61の伸長時において果柄検出センサ46からの検出信号があるか否かが判断され(ステップ110)、果柄検出センサ46から検出信号が出力されると、作動制御部80は、搬送シリンダ61の伸長動作を停止させる(ステップ111)。一方、ステップ110において果柄検出センサ46から検出信号が出力されていない場合には、ステップ109に戻って搬送シリンダ61の伸長動作を継続させる。   When the extending operation of the harvesting cylinder 65 is stopped, the conveying cylinder 61 is extended so that the harvesting scissors 40 are moved along the fruit supporting member 10 (step 109). Then, when the conveyance cylinder 61 is extended, it is determined whether or not there is a detection signal from the fruit pattern detection sensor 46 (step 110). When the detection signal is output from the fruit pattern detection sensor 46, the operation control unit 80 Then, the extension operation of the transport cylinder 61 is stopped (step 111). On the other hand, if no detection signal is output from the fruit pattern detection sensor 46 in step 110, the process returns to step 109 to continue the extending operation of the transport cylinder 61.

搬送シリンダ61の伸長動作が停止状態になると、開閉シリンダ50を縮小させて採果ハサミ40を閉状態にする(ステップ112)。採果ハサミ40が閉じると、果房91の果柄92がハサミによって切断されるとともに、果柄92が挟持される。   When the extension operation of the transport cylinder 61 is stopped, the open / close cylinder 50 is contracted to close the fruit collection scissors 40 (step 112). When the fruit collection scissors 40 are closed, the fruit handle 92 of the fruit bunch 91 is cut by the scissors and the fruit handle 92 is sandwiched.

果柄92が採果ハサミ40によって挟持されると、収穫用シリンダ65を縮小させて(ステップ113)、果房91を果房収穫装置内側に移動させる。そして、搬送シリンダ61を伸縮させて果房91を収納部69の上方に移動させる(ステップ114)。そして、高さ調整用シリンダ63を縮小させて果房91を収納部69の上方の近傍に移動させ、開閉シリンダ50を伸長させて採果ハサミ40を開いて(ステップ115)、果房91を収納部69に降ろす。   When the fruit pattern 92 is pinched by the fruit collection scissors 40, the harvesting cylinder 65 is reduced (step 113), and the fruit cluster 91 is moved to the fruit harvesting device inside. Then, the conveying cylinder 61 is expanded and contracted to move the fruit cluster 91 above the storage unit 69 (step 114). Then, the height adjusting cylinder 63 is reduced to move the fruit cluster 91 to the vicinity of the upper part of the storage unit 69, and the opening / closing cylinder 50 is extended to open the fruit scissors 40 (step 115). Lower to storage 69.

そして、走行車体15を停止状態にしたままで、採果された果房に隣接する他の株90に採果ハサミ40が移動するように、ステップ102〜ステップ115までを繰り返す(ステップ116)。そして、ステップ102〜ステップ115までの繰り返し回数が数回(本実施例では2回)繰り返されたか否かが判断され(ステップ117)、繰り返し回数が2回であると判断されると、採果の対象となった株90が最後か否かの判断がされる(ステップ118)。なお、繰り返し回数は2回以上の任意の回数に設定可能である。ステップ117において、繰り返し回数が2回であると判断されないときには、ステップ116に戻る。   Then, Step 102 to Step 115 are repeated so that the scissors 40 are moved to another strain 90 adjacent to the harvested fruit bunches while the traveling vehicle body 15 is stopped (Step 116). Then, it is determined whether or not the number of repetitions from step 102 to step 115 has been repeated several times (in this embodiment, twice) (step 117), and if it is determined that the number of repetitions is two, the fruits are collected. It is determined whether or not the stock 90 that is the target of the last is (step 118). Note that the number of repetitions can be set to an arbitrary number of two or more. If it is not determined in step 117 that the number of repetitions is 2, the process returns to step 116.

ステップ118において、採果の対象となる株90が最後でない場合には、ステップ101に戻って果房収穫作業を継続し(図4参照)、採果の対象となる株90が最後であるときには、果房収穫作業は終了する。   In step 118, when the stock 90 to be harvested is not the last, the process returns to step 101 to continue the fruit harvesting operation (see FIG. 4), and when the stock 90 to be harvested is the last. The fruit bunch harvesting operation ends.

このように、果菜類の選択収穫方法は、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで移動させた後に、カメラ30により撮影された果房91が採取可能であると、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に近接する位置まで移動させ、果房支持部材10に吊り下げられた果房91の果柄92に接触する位置まで移動させ、そして採果ハサミ40を開閉して果房91の果柄92を切断して挟持させる動作を栽培ベッドBに沿って移動しながら行うので、採果ハサミ40が果房91の果実に接触して果実を傷める虞を無くすことができる。また採果ハサミ40を果房91の果柄92まで移動させる際に、採果ハサミ40を上下方向に移動させる制御を除き、採果ハサミ40の移動制御は、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に近接させ、そして採果ハサミ40を果柄92に接触させて、採果ハサミ40の移動を停止させるように採果ハサミの移動を制御するので、果房支持部材10や果柄92の位置を予め解析して特定する必要がない。このため、カメラを複数設ける必要がなく、カメラによって撮影された画像解析が容易化されて、果房収穫装置1を簡素化することができる。   As described above, in the method for selectively harvesting fruit vegetables, the fruit clusters 91 photographed by the camera 30 can be collected after the fruit scissors 40 are moved to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit support member 10. If there is, the fruit scissors 40 are moved to a position close to the fruit supporting member 10, moved to a position where the fruit scissors 91 are suspended from the fruit supporting member 10, and moved to a position where the fruit scissors 91 are in contact with the fruit handle 92. Since the operation of opening and closing 40 and cutting and pinching the fruit handle 92 of the fruit bunch 91 is performed while moving along the cultivation bed B, the harvesting scissors 40 may come into contact with the fruit of the fruit bunch 91 and damage the fruit. Can be eliminated. In addition, when moving the scissors 40 to the handle 92 of the fruit bunch 91, except for the control for moving the fruit scissors 40 vertically, the movement control of the fruit scissors 40 supports the fruit scissors 40. The movement of the fruiting scissors is controlled so as to stop the movement of the fruiting scissors 40 by bringing the fruiting scissors 40 close to the member 10 and bringing the fruiting scissors 40 into contact with the fruit handle 92. It is not necessary to analyze and specify the position of For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of cameras, the analysis of images taken by the cameras is facilitated, and the fruit harvesting device 1 can be simplified.

なお、前述した実施の形態では、走行車体15はレールR上を走行する場合を示したがこれに限るものではなく、走行車体15はレールが敷設されていない栽培ベッドBの前を走行するものでもよい。また、採果ハサミ40の果房支持部材10側への移動に際し、採果ハサミ40を開いてから果房支持部材10に近接させる代わりに、採果ハサミ40を果房支持部材10に近接する位置まで移動させてから採果ハサミ40を開くようにしてもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the traveling vehicle body 15 travels on the rail R. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the traveling vehicle body 15 travels in front of the cultivation bed B on which no rail is laid. But you can. In addition, when the fruiting scissors 40 are moved toward the fruit support member 10, the fruiting scissors 40 are brought close to the fruit support member 10 instead of opening the fruiting scissors 40 and making them close to the fruit support member 10. You may make it open the fruit collection scissors 40 after moving to a position.

[第2の実施の形態]
次に、第2の実施の形態に関する果菜類の果房収穫装置について説明する。第2の実施の形態については、前述した第1の実施の形態との相違点のみを説明し、第1の実施の形態と同一態様部分については同一符号を附してその説明を省略する。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the fruit vegetable bunch harvesting apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, only differences from the first embodiment described above will be described, and the same reference numerals will be given to the same aspect portions as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

直列的に並ぶ栽培ベッドBの長手方向両端部に立設された支柱11の上部には、図7(側面図)及び図8(斜視図)に示すように、これらの支柱11を連結する連結パイプ12が接続されている。この連結パイプ12は略水平方向に延びた状態で支柱11間に接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 7 (side view) and FIG. 8 (perspective view), the connection which connects these support | pillars 11 to the upper part of the support | pillar 11 standingly arranged in the longitudinal direction both ends of the cultivation bed B arranged in series. A pipe 12 is connected. This connection pipe 12 is connected between the support | pillars 11 in the state extended in the substantially horizontal direction.

連結パイプ12の下方には、前述した果房支持部材10が移動手段100によって上下方向に位置調節自在に架設されている。移動手段100は、一対の支柱11よりも手前側に配置されて連結パイプ12に回転自在に支持された直管パイプ101と、直管パイプ101を連結パイプ12に対して回転させる回転機構部103と、直管パイプ101に対して果房支持部材10を吊り下げる紐部材109とを有して構成される。果房支持部材10の両端部は、対応する支柱11に沿って移動可能に支持されている。なお、図8には、支柱11に接続された連結パイプ12の端部に上端部が接続されて連結パイプ12を支持する支柱11'に果房支持部材10の端部が支柱11'に沿って移動可能に支持されている場合が示されている。   Below the connecting pipe 12, the above-described fruit supporting member 10 is installed by the moving means 100 so that its position can be adjusted in the vertical direction. The moving means 100 is disposed on the near side of the pair of support columns 11 and is supported by the connecting pipe 12 so as to be rotatable, and a rotation mechanism unit 103 that rotates the straight pipe 101 with respect to the connecting pipe 12. And a string member 109 that suspends the fruit support member 10 from the straight pipe 101. Both end portions of the fruit support member 10 are supported so as to be movable along the corresponding column 11. In FIG. 8, the upper end of the connection pipe 12 connected to the support column 11 is connected to the support column 11 ′ that supports the connection pipe 12, and the end portion of the fruit support member 10 extends along the support column 11 ′. The case where it is supported so that movement is possible is shown.

直管パイプ101は、連結パイプ12に沿って延びて連結パイプ12に設けられた支持部102に回転自在に支持されている。支持部102は、一端部が連結パイプ101に取り付けられ、他端部に直管パイプ101を挿通可能な孔部を備えて構成される。この孔部に直管パイプ101を挿通することにより、直管パイプ101は連結パイプ12に回転自在に支持される。   The straight pipe 101 extends along the connecting pipe 12 and is rotatably supported by a support portion 102 provided on the connecting pipe 12. One end of the support portion 102 is attached to the connection pipe 101, and the other end is provided with a hole through which the straight pipe 101 can be inserted. By inserting the straight pipe 101 into the hole, the straight pipe 101 is rotatably supported by the connecting pipe 12.

回転機構部103は、操作ハンドル104の回転操作によって直管パイプ101を回転させるものであり、操作ハンドル104と、操作ハンドル104の回転力を直管パイプ101に伝達する動力伝達軸105と、動力伝達軸105に伝達された操作ハンドル104の回転力の伝達方向を変えて直管パイプ101に伝達する伝達方向変換部106とを有してなる。   The rotation mechanism unit 103 rotates the straight pipe 101 by rotating the operation handle 104. The rotation handle 103, the power transmission shaft 105 that transmits the rotational force of the operation handle 104 to the straight pipe 101, and the power A transmission direction conversion unit 106 that changes the transmission direction of the rotational force of the operation handle 104 transmitted to the transmission shaft 105 and transmits it to the straight pipe 101 is provided.

操作ハンドル104は、横方向に延びる棒状部材の一端部を下方に折り曲げてなる把手部104aを有し、棒状部材の他端部は上方に折り曲げて動力伝達軸105に接続されている。動力伝達軸105は、伝達方向変換部106の下部に連結されて下方へ延びる保護管107内に挿通され、その上端部が伝達方向変換部106に連結されている。操作ハンドル104は、一方の手で把手部104aを把持し、他方の手で保護管107の下部を把持した状態で、把手部104aを回転させるようにして使用される。把手部104aを回転させると、把手部104aは動力伝達軸105の中心軸線を回転支点として回転し、把手部104aの回転に伴って動力伝達軸105が回転する。動力伝達軸105の回転力は、伝達方向変換部106を介して直管パイプ101に伝達されて、直管パイプ101が回転する。   The operation handle 104 has a handle portion 104a formed by bending one end portion of a rod-like member extending in the lateral direction downward, and the other end portion of the rod-like member is bent upward and connected to the power transmission shaft 105. The power transmission shaft 105 is inserted into a protective tube 107 that is connected to the lower part of the transmission direction conversion unit 106 and extends downward, and an upper end portion of the power transmission shaft 105 is connected to the transmission direction conversion unit 106. The operation handle 104 is used by rotating the handle portion 104a while holding the handle portion 104a with one hand and holding the lower portion of the protective tube 107 with the other hand. When the handle 104a is rotated, the handle 104a rotates with the central axis of the power transmission shaft 105 as a rotation fulcrum, and the power transmission shaft 105 rotates with the rotation of the handle 104a. The rotational force of the power transmission shaft 105 is transmitted to the straight pipe 101 via the transmission direction converter 106, and the straight pipe 101 rotates.

このように操作ハンドル104を回転させると直管パイプ101が回転するので、操作ハンドル104の回転によって直管パイプ101に接続された紐部材109を直管パイプ101に巻き上げ又は繰り出して、果房支持部材10を略水平状態に維持したままで上下方向に移動させることができる。紐部材109は、ワイヤーロープが用いられる。   When the operation handle 104 is rotated in this way, the straight pipe 101 is rotated. Therefore, the string member 109 connected to the straight pipe 101 is rolled up or drawn out by the rotation of the operation handle 104 to support the fruit cluster. The member 10 can be moved in the vertical direction while maintaining the substantially horizontal state. A wire rope is used for the string member 109.

果房を切断・挟持する採果ハサミ40は、図9(斜視図)及び図10(斜視図)に示すように、果房支持部材10(図7参照)の長手方向に沿って延びる方向に配置されるとともに、採果ハサミ40の刃部48(可動刃42)が固定刃41に対して略垂直方向に回動可能に配置されている。このため、採果ハサミ40の刃部48全体を果房支持部材10(図7参照)に近接させた位置に配置することができ、後述するように、果房支持部材10に掛止された果房91の果柄92が短い場合でも、果房91を傷つけることなく収穫することができる(図11参照)。採果ハサミ40は、収穫用シリンダ65のシリンダロッド65bの先端部に支持板70を介して取り付けられた板状の支持部材72に固定されている。なお、収穫用シリンダ65は、高さ調節用シリンダ63の進行方向前側に設けられたスライダに取り付けられ、収穫用シリンダ65のシリンダロッド65bの先端部に取り付けられた支持板70の先端下部に支持部材72が固定されている。   As shown in FIG. 9 (perspective view) and FIG. 10 (perspective view), the fruit scissors 40 for cutting and pinching the fruit bunches extend in the direction extending along the longitudinal direction of the fruit bunching support member 10 (see FIG. 7). The blade 48 (movable blade 42) of the fruit scissors 40 is disposed so as to be rotatable in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the fixed blade 41. For this reason, the whole blade part 48 of the fruit scissors 40 can be disposed at a position close to the fruit supporting member 10 (see FIG. 7), and is hooked on the fruit supporting member 10 as will be described later. Even when the fruit pattern 92 of the fruit bunch 91 is short, it can be harvested without damaging the fruit bunch 91 (see FIG. 11). The harvesting scissors 40 are fixed to a plate-like support member 72 attached to the tip of the cylinder rod 65 b of the harvesting cylinder 65 via a support plate 70. The harvesting cylinder 65 is attached to a slider provided on the front side of the height adjusting cylinder 63 in the traveling direction, and is supported by the lower end of the support plate 70 attached to the distal end of the cylinder rod 65b of the harvesting cylinder 65. The member 72 is fixed.

支持部材72は、収穫用シリンダ65の伸縮方向に対して略直交する方向に延びた状態で配置され、採果ハサミ40は支持部材72に沿って支持部材72に取り付けられている。このため、支持部材72が果房支持部材10に面した状態になると、垂直方向に配置された採果ハサミ40の刃部48を果房支持部材10の側面に沿って配置することができる。   The support member 72 is disposed in a state extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the extending and contracting direction of the harvesting cylinder 65, and the fruit scissors 40 are attached to the support member 72 along the support member 72. Therefore, when the support member 72 faces the fruit support member 10, the blade portion 48 of the fruit collection scissors 40 arranged in the vertical direction can be disposed along the side surface of the fruit support member 10.

接近センサ44は、支持部材72の下部に設けられた保持板73に取り付けられ(図11参照)、スイッチ本体部44aから延びる接触端子44bは採果ハサミ40(支持部材72)よりも果房支持部材側に突出して設けられている。このため、支持部材72が果房支持部材10に面した状態で収穫用シリンダ65が伸長して採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材側に移動すると、接触端子44bが最初に果房支持部材10に接触して、採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材10に接近移動したことを検出することができる。   The proximity sensor 44 is attached to a holding plate 73 provided below the support member 72 (see FIG. 11), and the contact terminal 44b extending from the switch body 44a supports the fruit cluster more than the fruit scissors 40 (support member 72). Projecting to the member side. For this reason, when the harvesting cylinder 65 is extended with the support member 72 facing the fruit support member 10 and the fruit scissors 40 are moved to the fruit support member side, the contact terminal 44b is first moved to the fruit support member 10. It is possible to detect that the fruit collection scissors 40 have moved close to the fruit supporting member 10 in contact with the fruit.

なお、接近センサ44は、図12(斜視図)に示すように、支持部材72の果房支持部材側の側面に取り付けられた光学式の非接触センサでもよい。この場合、非接触の接近センサ44から出力された光が果房支持部材10の上面又は側面に当たり、且つ反射光が非接触の接近センサ44に戻ることができるように、接近センサ44を支持部材72に取り付ける。また接近センサ44の果房支持部材側の端面は、使用する接近センサに応じて、採果ハサミ40の果房支持部材側の端部と同一平面上又は前記端部よりも内側若しくは外側に配置する。   As shown in FIG. 12 (perspective view), the proximity sensor 44 may be an optical non-contact sensor attached to the side surface of the support member 72 on the fruit support member side. In this case, the proximity sensor 44 is supported by the support member so that the light output from the non-contact proximity sensor 44 strikes the upper surface or the side surface of the fruit support member 10 and the reflected light can return to the non-contact proximity sensor 44. Attach to 72. Further, the end surface on the fruit support member side of the proximity sensor 44 is arranged on the same plane as the end part on the fruit support member side of the fruit collection scissors 40 or on the inner side or the outer side of the end part depending on the proximity sensor used. To do.

このように、接近センサ44として光学式の非接触センサを用いた場合でも、接触センサを用いた場合と同様に、支持部材72が果房支持部材10(図11参照)に面した状態で収穫用シリンダ65が伸長して採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材側に移動すると、採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材10に接近移動したことを検出することができる。   As described above, even when an optical non-contact sensor is used as the proximity sensor 44, the harvesting is performed with the support member 72 facing the fruit support member 10 (see FIG. 11) as in the case of using the contact sensor. When the use cylinder 65 is extended and the fruiting scissors 40 are moved to the fruit supporting member side, it can be detected that the fruiting scissors 40 are moved closer to the fruit supporting member 10.

天板部23の長手方向前側には、図9及び図13に示すように、採果された果房91を搬送する搬送コンベヤ110が設けられている。搬送コンベヤ110は、天板部23の長手方向に間隔を有して回転自在に支持された駆動ローラ111及び従動ローラ112とこれらのローラ間に掛け回された無端ベルト113と、これらのローラを回転自在に支持する枠体114を有してなる。   As shown in FIGS. 9 and 13, a transport conveyor 110 that transports the harvested fruit bunches 91 is provided on the front side of the top plate portion 23 in the longitudinal direction. The conveyor 110 includes a driving roller 111 and a driven roller 112 that are rotatably supported at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the top plate portion 23, an endless belt 113 that is wound around these rollers, and these rollers. A frame body 114 is rotatably supported.

駆動ローラ111には電動モータ等の駆動源(図示せず)が接続されて、駆動源が駆動することで、駆動ローラ111が回転する。枠体114は、天板部23の短手方向に間隔を有した配置された一対の側板部114aを備え、枠体114の底部と天板部23との間に設けられたスライドレール115によって、枠体114は、天板部23の短手方向にスライド自在である。つまり、枠体114は、走行車体15の進行方向に対して幅方向にスライド自在に設けられている。このため、枠体114を天板部23に対してスライドさせることで、採果された果房を所望の位置に搬出することができる。   A drive source (not shown) such as an electric motor is connected to the drive roller 111, and the drive roller 111 rotates when the drive source is driven. The frame body 114 includes a pair of side plate portions 114 a arranged with a gap in the short direction of the top plate portion 23, and a slide rail 115 provided between the bottom portion of the frame body 114 and the top plate portion 23. The frame body 114 is slidable in the short direction of the top plate portion 23. That is, the frame body 114 is provided so as to be slidable in the width direction with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body 15. For this reason, by sliding the frame body 114 with respect to the top plate part 23, the harvested fruit bunches can be carried out to a desired position.

駆動ローラ111の駆動源は、自動で作動させる。この場合、一対の側板部114aのうち天板部短手方向内側の側板部114aに果房の有無を検出可能な非接触式の果房検出センサ117を設け、この果房検出センサ117により果房が検出されると、作動制御部80が駆動源を駆動させるようにしてもよい。   The drive source of the drive roller 111 is automatically operated. In this case, a non-contact type fruit detection sensor 117 capable of detecting the presence or absence of fruit bunches is provided on the side plate part 114a on the inner side in the short direction of the top plate part of the pair of side plate parts 114a. When the tuft is detected, the operation control unit 80 may drive the drive source.

このように構成された果房収穫装置1によって果房を収穫する際に、図7に示すように、回転機構部103の操作ハンドル104を操作すると、果房支持部材10を上下方向に移動させて果房支持部材10に掛止された果房91の上下位置を調節することができるので、果房収穫装置側の昇降機構部23の高さ粗調整の負担を軽減することができる。   When harvesting fruit buns with the fruit harvesting device 1 configured in this way, as shown in FIG. 7, when the operation handle 104 of the rotation mechanism 103 is operated, the fruit support member 10 is moved in the vertical direction. Since the vertical position of the fruit bunches 91 hooked on the fruit bunching support member 10 can be adjusted, the burden of rough height adjustment of the lifting mechanism 23 on the fruit harvesting device side can be reduced.

また図7に示す栽培ベッドBに栽培された株90に上下方向に複数の段の果菜の果房91が生育されている場合(図7では2段を示す)、1段目の果房91を収穫した後に、2段目の果房91'を収穫する場合には、前述した作動制御部80は、図5及び図6に示すように、ステップ100からステップ118を実行する。そして、作動制御部80がステップ118で最後の株と判断して1段目の収穫作業を終了すると、作業者Mは走行車体15を収穫開始位置に移動させる。なお、2段目の果房の収穫を行う場合、走行車体15を収穫開始位置に戻す作業を、作動制御部80の指令に基づいて行うようにしてもよい。   In addition, when a plurality of stages of fruit vegetables 91 are grown in the vertical direction on the stock 90 cultivated on the cultivation bed B shown in FIG. In the case of harvesting the second stage fruit bun 91 ′ after harvesting, the operation control unit 80 described above executes step 100 to step 118 as shown in FIGS. When the operation control unit 80 determines that it is the last stock at step 118 and ends the first stage harvesting operation, the worker M moves the traveling vehicle body 15 to the harvest start position. When harvesting the second stage fruit bunches, the operation of returning the traveling vehicle body 15 to the harvest start position may be performed based on a command from the operation control unit 80.

走行車体15が収穫開始位置に移動すると、作業者Mは回転機構部103の操作ハンドル104を操作して、果房支持部材10を上下方向に移動させ、株90の2段目の果房91'を果房支持部材10に掛止し易い位置に果房支持部材10の上下位置を調節する。   When the traveling vehicle body 15 moves to the harvest start position, the operator M operates the operation handle 104 of the rotation mechanism unit 103 to move the fruit support member 10 in the vertical direction, and the second stage fruit 91 of the stock 90 is moved. The vertical position of the fruit support member 10 is adjusted to a position where it can be easily hooked on the fruit support member 10.

そして、作業者Mが操作スイッチを操作し、作動制御部80がステップ100からステップ118を実行する(図5、図6参照)。ここで、ステップ107において、図11に示すように、接近センサ44によって採果ハサミ40が果房支持部材に接近したことを検出すると、採果ハサミ40の刃部48は略垂直方向に配置されているため、果房支持部材10に掛止された果房91の果柄92が短い場合でも、採果ハサミ40の刃部48を果房支持部材10から延び出る果柄92の基端側に配置して切断することができる。このため、刃部48が果房91に接触する虞を抑えることができ、果房91を傷つけることなく収穫することができる。   Then, the operator M operates the operation switch, and the operation control unit 80 executes Step 100 to Step 118 (see FIGS. 5 and 6). Here, in step 107, as shown in FIG. 11, when the proximity sensor 44 detects that the fruit scissors 40 have approached the fruit supporting member, the blade 48 of the fruit scissors 40 is arranged in a substantially vertical direction. Therefore, even when the handle 92 of the fruit cluster 91 hooked on the fruit support member 10 is short, the base end side of the fruit handle 92 that extends the blade portion 48 of the fruit collection scissors 40 from the fruit support member 10. Can be placed and cut. For this reason, a possibility that the blade part 48 may contact the fruit cluster 91 can be suppressed, and harvesting can be performed without damaging the fruit cluster 91.

またステップ115(図6参照)において、採果ハサミ40が開いて収穫された果房91が搬送コンベヤ110に降ろされると、搬送コンベヤ110によって果房91が所望の位置に搬送される。そして、2段目の最後の株が検出されると(ステップ118)、2段目の果房の収穫作業を終了する。なお、3段目の果房の収穫を行う場合は、作業者Mが走行車体15を収穫開始位置に移動させてから操作スイッチを操作し、作動制御部80によってステップ100からステップ118を実行させる。3段目の果房の収穫を行う場合、走行車体15を収穫開始位置に戻す作業を、作動制御部80の指令に基づいて行うようにしてもよい。   In step 115 (see FIG. 6), when the harvesting scissors 40 are opened and the harvested fruit clusters 91 are lowered onto the transport conveyor 110, the fruit clusters 91 are transported to a desired position by the transport conveyor 110. When the last strain in the second stage is detected (step 118), the harvesting operation for the second stage fruit bunches is completed. When harvesting the third stage fruit bunches, the operator M operates the operation switch after moving the traveling vehicle body 15 to the harvest start position, and the operation control unit 80 causes steps 100 to 118 to be executed. . When harvesting the third stage fruit bunches, the operation of returning the traveling vehicle body 15 to the harvest start position may be performed based on a command from the operation control unit 80.

このように、果房支持部材10を上下位置調節可能に設けることで、1つの株に上下複数段の果房が生育されている場合でも、段の数に応じた果房支持部材10を支柱11間に設けることなく、各段の果房の収穫を行うことができる。また採果ハサミ40の刃部48を略垂直方向に配置することで、果房支持部材10に掛止される果房91の果柄92が短い場合でも、果房を傷つけることなく収穫することができる。なお、果房支持部材10は、2段以上、上下方向に位置調節自在に設けてもよい。   Thus, by providing the fruit cluster support member 10 so that the vertical position can be adjusted, even when a plurality of upper and lower fruit clusters are grown on one stock, the fruit support member 10 corresponding to the number of stages is supported by the column. The fruit bunches at each stage can be harvested without being provided between 11. Further, by arranging the blade portion 48 of the fruit collection scissors 40 in a substantially vertical direction, even when the fruit pattern 92 of the fruit cluster 91 that is hooked on the fruit supporting member 10 is short, the fruit cluster is harvested without damaging the fruit cluster. Can do. The fruit supporting member 10 may be provided in two or more stages so that the position can be adjusted in the vertical direction.

1 果房収穫装置
10 果房支持部材
15 走行車体
30 カメラ
40 採果ハサミ
44 接近センサ
44b、46b 接触端子
45 空間
46 果柄検出センサ
50 開閉シリンダ(開閉アクチュエータ)
53 上下位置検出センサ
60 移動機構部
61 搬送シリンダ(移動アクチュエータ)
63 高さ調節用シリンダ(移動アクチュエータ)
65 収穫用シリンダ(移動アクチュエータ)
80 作動制御部
90 株
91 果房
92 果柄
110 搬送コンベヤ
B 栽培ベッド
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fruit harvesting device 10 Fruit support member 15 Traveling vehicle body 30 Camera 40 Fruit scissors 44 Approach sensor 44b, 46b Contact terminal 45 Space 46 Fruit pattern detection sensor 50 Opening / closing cylinder (opening / closing actuator)
53 Vertical position detection sensor 60 Moving mechanism 61 Transfer cylinder (moving actuator)
63 Cylinder for height adjustment (moving actuator)
65 Harvest cylinder (moving actuator)
80 Operation Control Unit 90 Stock 91 Fruit Bunch 92 Fruit Pattern 110 Conveyor B Growing Bed

Claims (9)

果菜類の株の側方に架設され、該株の茎から延びる果房の果柄を掛止して該果房を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材と、
果房を撮影するカメラと、
果房の果柄を切断するとともに該果柄を挟持可能な採果ハサミと、
前記採果ハサミを開閉させる開閉アクチュエータと、
前記カメラ及び前記採果ハサミを三次元方向に移動させる移動アクチュエータを有して、前記カメラ及び前記採果ハサミを移動可能に支持する移動機構部と、
前記移動機構部の前記移動アクチュエータ及び前記開閉アクチュエータの作動を制御するとともに、前記カメラで果房を撮影し、撮影された果房の画像に基づいて該果房が採果可能な否か判断する作動制御部と、
前記開閉アクチュエータと前記移動機構部と前記作動制御部を搭載し、株を栽培して直列的に設置された栽培ベッドに沿って自走可能な走行車体とを備え、
前記作動制御部は、栽培ベッドに沿って前記走行車体が移動すると、前記移動アクチュエータの作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させ、前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた果房を前記カメラで撮影して該果房が採果可能であるか否か判断し、前記果房が採果可能であると判断すると、前記移動アクチュエータの作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させ、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた前記果房の果柄の位置まで移動させ、前記開閉アクチュエータの作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミによって前記果房の果柄を切断して挟持させることを特徴とする果菜類の果房収穫装置。
A fruit supporting member that is laid on the side of the fruit vegetable strain, and supports the fruit handle of the fruit bunches extending from the stalk of the fruit strain to suspend the fruit bunches,
A camera to shoot the fruit bunch,
Cutting scissors of fruit bunches and harvesting scissors capable of holding the fruit stalks;
An opening and closing actuator for opening and closing the fruit scissors;
A moving mechanism for moving the camera and the fruiting scissors in a three-dimensional direction, and supporting the camera and the fruiting scissors so as to be movable;
The operation of the movement actuator and the opening / closing actuator of the movement mechanism unit is controlled, and the fruit bunches are photographed by the camera, and it is determined whether or not the fruit bunches can be harvested based on the photographed fruit bunches. An operation control unit;
Equipped with the opening and closing actuator, the moving mechanism unit and the operation control unit, comprising a traveling vehicle body that is capable of self-propelled along a cultivation bed installed in series by cultivating a stock,
When the traveling vehicle moves along the cultivation bed, the operation control unit controls the operation of the moving actuator to move the fruiting scissors up to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the fruit supporting member. To determine whether or not the fruit bunches can be harvested by photographing the fruit bunches suspended on the fruit bunching support member with the camera, and determining that the fruit bunches can be harvested. , Controlling the operation of the moving actuator to move the fruiting scissors to a position close to the fruit supporting member, and to remove the fruit scissors from the fruit supporting member. A fruit bunch harvesting device characterized in that the fruit bunch harvesting scissors are cut and held by the fruiting scissors by controlling the operation of the opening / closing actuator.
前記採果ハサミが前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に移動したことを検出する上下位置検出センサと、
前記採果ハサミが前記果房支持部材に近接した位置に移動したことを検出する接近センサと、
前記採果ハサミが開いた状態の一対の刃部の内側空間内に前記果房支持部材に掛止された果柄があることを検出する果柄検出センサとを備え、
前記作動制御部は、
前記上下位置検出センサからの上下位置信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを上下方向に移動させ、
前記接近センサからの接近信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを横方向に移動させ、
前記果柄検出センサからの接近信号が発生するまで前記移動機構部の作動を制御して前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に沿って移動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。
A vertical position detection sensor for detecting that the fruit scissors have moved to the same or substantially the same vertical position as the fruit support member;
An proximity sensor for detecting that the fruiting scissors have moved to a position close to the fruit supporting member;
A fruit pattern detection sensor for detecting that there is a fruit pattern hooked to the fruit supporting member in the inner space of the pair of blade parts in a state where the fruiting scissors are open,
The operation controller is
Control the operation of the moving mechanism until the vertical position signal from the vertical position detection sensor is generated, and move the harvesting scissors in the vertical direction,
Control the operation of the moving mechanism until an approach signal from the approach sensor is generated, and move the harvesting scissors laterally,
The fruit vegetable according to claim 1, wherein the scissors are moved along the fruit supporting member by controlling the operation of the moving mechanism until an approach signal from the fruit pattern detection sensor is generated. Fruit bunch harvesting equipment.
前記果房支持部材は、上下方向に位置調節自在に架設されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。   The fruit bunch harvesting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fruit bunch support member is installed so as to be adjustable in a vertical direction. 前記採果ハサミは、前記果房支持部材の長手方向に沿って延びる方向に配置されるとともに、前記採果ハサミの刃部が略垂直方向に回動可能に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。   The fruiting scissors are arranged in a direction extending along a longitudinal direction of the fruit supporting member, and a blade part of the fruiting scissors is arranged to be rotatable in a substantially vertical direction. A fruit bunch harvesting device for fruit and vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記上下位置検出センサは、前記移動機構部に設けられ、前記採果ハサミの上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置に配設された光学式の非接触センサであり、
前記接近センサは、前記採果ハサミの果房支持部材側に面する部分に設けられて接触端子を有した接触式センサ、又は前記採果ハサミを支持して前記果房支持部材に面する支持部材に設けられた光学式の非接触センサであり、
前記果柄検出センサは、前記採果ハサミの先端側に設けられ、該採果ハサミの開いた一対の刃部の内側空間内に延びる接触端子を有した接触式センサであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。
The vertical position detection sensor is an optical non-contact sensor provided in the moving mechanism unit and disposed at the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the harvesting scissors,
The proximity sensor is a contact-type sensor having a contact terminal provided on a portion of the fruiting scissors facing the fruit support member, or a support that supports the fruit scissors and faces the fruit support member. An optical non-contact sensor provided on the member,
The fruit pattern detection sensor is a contact type sensor having a contact terminal that is provided on a front end side of the fruiting scissors and extends into an inner space of a pair of blade parts opened by the fruiting scissors. Fruit bunch harvesting device for fruit vegetables according to claim 2.
前記走行車体には、前記採果ハサミによって採果された果房を搬送する搬送コンベヤが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。   The fruit harvesting apparatus for fruit vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the traveling vehicle body is provided with a transport conveyor for transporting the fruit clusters harvested by the fruit scissors. . 前記搬送コンベヤは、前記走行車体の進行方向に対して幅方向にスライド自在に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の果菜類の果房収穫装置。   The fruit bunch harvesting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the conveyor is slidable in a width direction with respect to a traveling direction of the traveling vehicle body. 栽培ベッドに栽培された株の側方に架設され、該株の茎から延びる果房の果柄を掛止して該果房を吊り下げた状態に支持する果房支持部材に掛止された果房の株の前方に採果ハサミを搭載した走行車体を移動させ、前記採果ハサミを三次元方向に移動可能に支持する移動機構部の作動を制御して、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材の上下位置と同じ又は略同じ位置まで上下方向に移動させ、カメラにより前記果房を撮影し、撮影された前記果房の画像に基づいて前記果房が採取可能であるか否かを判断し、前記果房が採取可能であると判断すると、前記採果ハサミを開いて前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させ、若しくは前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に近接する位置まで移動させてから該採果ハサミを開き、前記採果ハサミを前記果房支持部材に吊り下げられた前記果房の果柄に接触する位置まで移動させ、前記採果ハサミを閉じて前記果房の果柄を切断して挟持させ、上記動作を果房がなる株が直列的に栽培された栽培ベッドに沿って移動しながら行うことにより、収穫適期の果房を選択的に収穫することを特徴とする果菜類の選択収穫方法。   It was built on the side of the strain grown on the cultivation bed, and was hooked on a fruit support member that hooks the fruit handle of the fruit bunches extending from the stems of the strain and supports the fruit bunches in a suspended state. A traveling vehicle body carrying fruiting scissors is moved in front of a fruit stock, and the operation of a moving mechanism that supports the fruiting scissors so as to be movable in a three-dimensional direction is controlled, so that the fruiting scissors are Whether or not the fruit bunches can be collected based on the photographed image of the fruit bunches by moving the fruit bunches up and down to the same or substantially the same position as the vertical position of the tress supporting member. If it is determined that the fruit bunches can be collected, the fruit scissors are opened and moved to a position close to the fruit support members, or the fruit scissors are brought close to the fruit support members. The fruiting scissors are opened after being moved to the position, and the fruiting scissors are opened. Move to a position where it touches the fruit handle of the fruit hang suspended from the fruit supporting member, close the fruiting scissors, cut and pinch the fruit handle, and perform the above operation. A method for selective harvesting of fruit and vegetables, comprising selectively harvesting fruit bunches at a suitable harvest time by performing the movement while moving along a cultivation bed in which the strain is grown in series. 前記採果ハサミによって、前記栽培ベッドに栽培された1段目の果房の収穫を終了すると、上下方向に位置調節自在に架設された果房支持部材を前記1段目よりも上段に栽培された果房の収穫高さに位置調節すると共に、前記上段の果房の収穫を開始する収穫開始位置に前記走行車体を移動させ、前記走行車体を前記収穫開始位置から前記栽培ベッドに沿って移動させながら、前記採果ハサミによって前記上段の果房の収穫を行うことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の果菜類の選択収穫方法。
When the harvesting of the first stage bunches cultivated on the cultivation bed is finished by the harvesting scissors, the fruit bunches supporting members that are adjustable in the vertical direction are cultivated above the first stage. And adjusting the position to the harvest height of the fruit bunches, moving the traveling vehicle body to a harvesting start position for starting the harvesting of the upper fruit bunches, and moving the traveling vehicle body from the harvesting start position along the cultivation bed 9. The method for selective harvesting of fruit vegetables according to claim 8, wherein the upper fruit bunches are harvested with the harvesting scissors.
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