JP2011098375A - Method and apparatus for arc welding - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for arc welding Download PDF

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JP2011098375A
JP2011098375A JP2009254670A JP2009254670A JP2011098375A JP 2011098375 A JP2011098375 A JP 2011098375A JP 2009254670 A JP2009254670 A JP 2009254670A JP 2009254670 A JP2009254670 A JP 2009254670A JP 2011098375 A JP2011098375 A JP 2011098375A
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welding
arc
current
detection
squeezing
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JP5370089B2 (en
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Junji Fujiwara
潤司 藤原
Yasushi Mukai
康士 向井
Atsuhiro Kawamoto
篤寛 川本
Susumu Kowa
将 古和
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Panasonic Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such a problem that, in a control method in which forward feeding and backward feeding of a wire are periodically alternated, and in which a welding output is made low during a period where the feed amount of the wire is small and the welding output is made high during a period where the feed amount of the wire is large, a short circuit state between a welding object and the welding wire is mainly mechanically opened during a period where the feed amount of the wire is small, but opening of a short circuit is not necessarily smoothly conducted, depending on a kind of disturbance, because the wire is fed forward by small and small and further a current is low although the feed amount of the wire is small. <P>SOLUTION: The method for arc welding includes: a step of calculating a variation amount of a welding voltage per unit time for each predetermined sampling period to compare the calculated variation amount with a reference threshold value for detecting a constriction; and a step of determining detection of a constriction when the number of times, at which the variation amount of a welding voltage per unit time continuously exceeds the reference threshold value for detecting a constriction at each predetermined sampling period, reaches a predetermined number of times. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、消耗電極である溶接ワイヤの送給として正送と逆送を繰り返しながら、短絡状態とアーク状態を交互に発生させて溶接を行うアーク溶接方法およびアーク溶接装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an arc welding method and an arc welding apparatus that perform welding by alternately generating a short-circuit state and an arc state while repeating normal feeding and reverse feeding as feeding of a welding wire that is a consumable electrode.

従来から、溶接作業工程におけるロス工程として、スパッタ除去工程がある。そして、このスパッタ除去工程を少なくするためにはスパッタの低減が必要である。このスパッタの低減を目的とし、溶接ワイヤの送給方法として正送と逆送を繰り返し、短絡状態とアーク状態を交互に発生させて溶接行う消耗電極式アーク溶接が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, there is a spatter removal process as a loss process in the welding process. And in order to reduce this sputter removal process, it is necessary to reduce spatter. For the purpose of reducing spatter, consumable electrode type arc welding is known as a welding wire feeding method in which forward feeding and reverse feeding are repeated and welding is performed by alternately generating a short circuit state and an arc state (for example, patents). Reference 1).

消耗電極である溶接ワイヤを送給しながら短絡状態とアーク状態を交互に発生させて溶接を行うアーク溶接装置は、例えば、次のような構成を有している。ワイヤ送給速度を正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返すようにワイヤ送給モータを制御する送給速度制御器と、この送給速度制御器の増減信号を受け、図7に示すようにワイヤ供給量が少ない期間では溶接出力を低出力とし、ワイヤ供給量が多い期間では溶接出力が高出力となるように制御する出力制御器とを有している。   An arc welding apparatus that performs welding by alternately generating a short-circuit state and an arc state while feeding a welding wire that is a consumable electrode has the following configuration, for example. In response to the feed speed controller for controlling the wire feed motor so that the wire feed speed is periodically repeated in the forward feed and the reverse feed, and the increase / decrease signal of the feed speed controller, the wire feed as shown in FIG. There is an output controller for controlling the welding output to be low during a period when the supply amount is small, and to increase the welding output during a period when the wire supply amount is large.

これにより、短絡時、ワイヤ溶融塊の移行力としてワイヤ送給速度を減じることによる離脱力を利用することができ、スパッタ発生の主要な原因であるくびれ状態における短絡電流を低減しても安定した短絡移行溶接が持続でき、短絡開放時の短絡電流を低減することでスパッタを低減する。   This makes it possible to use the detachment force by reducing the wire feed speed as the transition force of the wire melt at the time of short circuit, and it is stable even if the short circuit current in the constricted state, which is the main cause of spatter generation, is reduced. Short circuit transfer welding can be continued, and spatter is reduced by reducing the short circuit current when the short circuit is opened.

特開昭62−6775号公報JP 62-6775 A

上記従来のアーク溶接制御は、ワイヤ溶融塊の移行力としてワイヤ送給速度を減じることによる離脱力を利用でき、スパッタ発生の主要な原因であるくびれ状態における短絡電流を低減しても、安定した短絡移行溶接を持続できるとしている。   The above-mentioned conventional arc welding control can utilize the separation force by reducing the wire feed speed as the transition force of the molten wire lump, and even if the short-circuit current in the constricted state, which is the main cause of spatter generation, is reduced, it is stable. The short-circuit transfer welding can be sustained.

しかしながら、ワイヤ供給量が少ないとはいえ、少しずつでもワイヤが送られている正送状態であり、また、電流も低いこともあり、突出し長さの変化や被溶接物間のギャップなどの外乱によっては短絡開放をスムーズに行うことができない場合が生じるといった課題がある。   However, even though the wire supply amount is small, the wire is being fed little by little, and the current is also low, which may cause disturbances such as changes in the protruding length and gaps between workpieces. Depending on the case, there is a problem that the short circuit cannot be opened smoothly.

その理由は、ワイヤの供給量が電気エネルギーにより溶融するワイヤの量よりも多い場合、ワイヤを適正に溶融することができず、短絡開放させることができない場合が生じるためである。そして、この場合、例えば、ワイヤがはじける、すなわち、ワイヤが途中から溶断するといった望ましくない現象が生じてしまう。   The reason is that when the supply amount of the wire is larger than the amount of the wire that is melted by the electric energy, the wire cannot be properly melted and the short circuit cannot be opened. In this case, for example, an undesirable phenomenon occurs in which the wire is repelled, that is, the wire is melted from the middle.

なお、確実に短絡を開放させるためには、短絡を開放するまでワイヤ送給を減速の正送状態ではなく絶えず逆送状態にしておく、あるいは、スパッタの抑制を考慮しなければ、短絡電流を高出力に近い状態にしておく、といった制御を行う必要がある。   To ensure that the short circuit is released, keep the wire feed in the reverse feed state instead of the deceleration normal feed state until the short circuit is opened, or if the suppression of spatter is not taken into consideration, the short circuit current is reduced. It is necessary to perform control such that the state is close to high output.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、消耗電極である溶接ワイヤと被溶接物との間でアーク状態と短絡状態とを繰り返して溶接を行うアーク溶接方法であって、短絡期間中に所定のサンプリング周期毎に溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化量を求めてくびれ検出基準閾値と比較するステップと、前記溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化が前記くびれ検出基準閾値を前記所定のサンプリング周期で連続して超える回数が所定の設定回数に達したときにくびれを検出したと判定するステップを備えたものである。   In order to solve the above problems, an arc welding method of the present invention is an arc welding method in which welding is performed by repeating an arc state and a short-circuit state between a welding wire that is a consumable electrode and an object to be welded. Obtaining a change amount per unit time of the welding voltage for each predetermined sampling period during the period and comparing it with a squeezing detection reference threshold; and a change per unit time of the welding voltage to determine the squeezing detection reference threshold The method includes a step of determining that the constriction has been detected when the number of times that continuously exceeds the sampling period reaches a predetermined set number of times.

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、くびれを検出したと判定し、短絡電流を前記判定した時点の第1の電流値よりも低い第2の電流値に制御し、この第2の電流値を所定時間維持し、前記所定時間経過時にアークが発生しているか否かを判定してアークが発生していない場合にはくびれ検出は誤検出であったと判定し、溶接電流を前記第2の電流値から前記第1の電流値以上に増加させるものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention determines that the constriction has been detected, and controls the short-circuit current to a second current value lower than the first current value at the time of the determination. 2 is maintained for a predetermined time, it is determined whether or not an arc has occurred when the predetermined time has elapsed, and if no arc has occurred, it is determined that the constriction detection is a false detection, and the welding current is The second current value is increased to the first current value or more.

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、くびれ検出が誤検出であったと判定し、溶接電流を第2の電流値から第1の電流値以上に増加させる際に、くびれ検出を無効とするくびれ検出無効時間を設けたものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention determines that the squeezing detection is a false detection, and detects the squeezing when the welding current is increased from the second current value to the first current value or more. A squeezing detection invalid time for invalidation is provided.

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、くびれ検出無効時間は、第1の電流値以上に増加させる前の第2の電流値である時点から開始されるものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention is started at a time point when the squeezing detection invalid time is the second current value before being increased beyond the first current value.

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、1つの短絡期間中にくびれが誤検出であったと判定した場合でも、その後、前記1つの短絡期間中で再度くびれ検出を行うものである。   Moreover, in addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention performs the necking detection again during the one short-circuit period even when it is determined that the necking was erroneously detected during one short-circuit period. .

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、設定電流に応じた溶接ワイヤ送給速度を平均送給速度とし、前記設定電流に応じた所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅で溶接ワイヤの正送と逆送を周期的に繰り返して短絡状態とアーク状態を発生させて溶接を行うものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention uses the welding wire feed speed corresponding to the set current as the average feed speed, and the welding wire is fed at a predetermined frequency and a predetermined speed amplitude corresponding to the set current. Forward welding and reverse feeding are periodically repeated to generate a short circuit state and an arc state for welding.

また、本発明のアーク溶接方法は、上記に加えて、溶接ワイヤ送給速度を正弦波状または台形波状に変化させて溶接ワイヤの送給を行うものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding method of the present invention feeds the welding wire by changing the welding wire feeding speed to a sine wave shape or a trapezoidal wave shape.

また、本発明のアーク溶接装置方法は、消耗電極である溶接ワイヤと被溶接物との間でアーク状態と短絡状態とを繰り返して溶接を行うアーク溶接装置であって、溶接出力を制御するスイッチング素子と、溶接電流を検出する溶接電流検出部と、溶接電圧を検出する溶接電圧検出部と、前記溶接電圧検出部の検出結果に基づいて短絡状態であるのかアーク状態であるのかを検出する短絡/アーク検出部と、前記短絡/アーク検出部からの短絡状態を示す信号を受けて短絡状態である短絡期間に短絡電流の制御を行う短絡制御部と、前記短絡/アーク検出部からのアーク状態を示す信号を受けてアーク状態であるアーク期間にアーク電圧の制御を行うアーク制御部と、短絡期間中のくびれ検出のためのくびれ検出基準閾値を設定するくびれ検出基準閾値設定部と、前記溶接電圧検出部および/または前記溶接電流検出部と前記くびれ検出基準閾値設定部の出力に基づいて短絡期間の終期に生じる前記溶接ワイヤのくびれを検出するくびれ検出部と、前記くびれ検出部においてくびれ検出基準閾値を超える回数をカウントする際の設定値となる所定回数を設定するくびれ検出回数設定部と、を備え、前記くびれ検出部で前記所定のサンプリング周期毎に求めた溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化量または溶接電流の単位時間当たりの変化量または溶接電圧を溶接電流で除して求められる溶接抵抗の単位時間当たりの変化量が、前記くびれ検出基準閾値を前記所定のサンプリング周期で連続して超える回数が前記所定回数に達したときにくびれを検出したと判定するものである。   Further, the arc welding apparatus method of the present invention is an arc welding apparatus that performs welding by repeating an arc state and a short-circuit state between a welding wire that is a consumable electrode and a workpiece, and is a switching that controls a welding output. A short circuit that detects whether a short circuit state or an arc state is detected based on a detection result of the element, a welding current detection unit that detects a welding current, a welding voltage detection unit that detects a welding voltage, and the welding voltage detection unit. A short circuit control unit that controls a short circuit current during a short circuit period in response to a signal indicating a short circuit state from the short circuit / arc detection unit, and an arc state from the short circuit / arc detection unit An arc controller that controls the arc voltage during the arc period that is in an arc state upon receipt of a signal indicating squeezing, and squeezing detection that sets a squeezing detection reference threshold value for squeezing detection during a short circuit period A quasi-threshold setting unit; and a squeezing detection unit that detects a squeezing of the welding wire that occurs at the end of a short-circuit period based on outputs of the welding voltage detection unit and / or the welding current detection unit and the squeezing detection reference threshold setting unit; A squeezing detection number setting unit that sets a predetermined number of times as a set value when counting the number of times the squeezing detection unit exceeds a squeezing detection reference threshold, and the squeezing detection unit obtains the squeezing detection unit for each predetermined sampling period. The amount of change in welding voltage per unit time, the amount of change in welding current per unit time, or the amount of change in welding resistance per unit time obtained by dividing the welding voltage by the welding current is the squeezing detection reference threshold value. It is determined that the constriction has been detected when the number of times that continuously exceeds a predetermined sampling period reaches the predetermined number.

また、本発明のアーク溶接装置は、上記に加えて、くびれ検出部でくびれを検出してから所定期間内にアークが発生しない場合にはくびれを誤検出したと判定するくびれ誤検出検出部を備えたものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding apparatus according to the present invention further includes a squeezing error detection detecting unit that determines that the squeezing is erroneously detected when no squeezing is detected within a predetermined period after the squeezing detecting unit detects the squeezing. It is provided.

また、本発明のアーク溶接装置は、上記に加えて、くびれを誤検出した場合に、その後所定期間くびれ検出を無効とするくびれ検出無効時間を設定するくびれ検出無効時間設定部を備えたものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding apparatus of the present invention further includes a squeezing detection invalid time setting unit for setting a squeezing detection invalid time for invalidating the squeezing detection for a predetermined period after the squeezing is erroneously detected. is there.

また、本発明のアーク溶接装置は、上記に加えて、設定電流を設定するための設定電流設定部と、前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御する平均送給速度となる溶接ワイヤ送給速度を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する平均送給速度設定部と、前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御するための周波数を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する周波数基本設定部と、前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御するための速度振幅を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する速度振幅基本設定部とを備え、前記設定電流に応じた溶接ワイヤ送給速度を平均送給速度とし、前記設定電流に応じた所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅で溶接ワイヤの正送と逆送を周期的に繰り返して短絡状態とアーク状態を発生させて溶接を行うものである。   In addition to the above, the arc welding apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the above, a set current setting unit for setting a set current, and an average feed speed that periodically and repeatedly feeds the welding wire in the forward feed and the reverse feed. An average feed rate setting unit that determines the welding wire feed rate based on the set current set by the set current setting unit, and periodically and repeatedly feeds the welding wire to forward feed and reverse feed A frequency basic setting unit that determines a frequency for setting based on a set current set by the set current setting unit, and a velocity amplitude for periodically and repeatedly feeding the welding wire in the forward feed and the reverse feed A speed amplitude basic setting unit that is determined based on the set current set by the set current setting unit, the welding wire feed speed according to the set current is an average feed speed, and a predetermined value according to the set current Frequency and predetermined speed swing In is performed positively feeding and reverse feeding periodically and repeatedly to generate a short circuit condition and an arc condition to be welding of the welding wire.

以上のように、本発明によれば、溶接電圧の時間変化がくびれ検出閾値を複数回超えることによりくびれを検出するので、くびれの誤検出を抑制することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, since the necking is detected when the time change of the welding voltage exceeds the necking detection threshold value a plurality of times, erroneous detection of necking can be suppressed.

本発明の実施の形態1におけるワイヤ送給速度(正弦波状)と溶接電圧と溶接電流の波形を示す図The figure which shows the waveform of wire feeding speed (sinusoidal shape), welding voltage, and welding current in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態1におけるアーク溶接装置の概略構成を示す図The figure which shows schematic structure of the arc welding apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態1におけるくびれ検出状態を示す図The figure which shows the constriction detection state in Embodiment 1 of this invention 本発明の実施の形態1における他のくびれ検出状態を示す図The figure which shows the other constriction detection state in Embodiment 1 of this invention 本発明の実施の形態1におけるくびれ誤検出した状態を示す図The figure which shows the state which the constriction false detection in Embodiment 1 of this invention detected 本発明の実施の形態1におけるワイヤ送給速度(台形波状)と溶接電圧と溶接電流の波形を示す図The figure which shows the waveform of the wire feed speed (trapezoid wave shape), the welding voltage, and the welding current in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 従来のワイヤ送給速度と溶接出力の関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the conventional wire feeding speed and welding output

以下、本発明の実施の形態における消耗電極式のアーク溶接方法およびアーク溶接装置について図面を用いて説明する。   Hereinafter, a consumable electrode type arc welding method and an arc welding apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(実施の形態1)
本実施の形態では、先ず、アーク溶接方法について説明し、その後、アーク溶接装置について説明する。
(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, first, an arc welding method will be described, and then an arc welding apparatus will be described.

図1は、短絡状態とアーク状態とを交互に繰り返す消耗電極式のアーク溶接における、ワイヤ送給速度と溶接電流と溶接電圧の時間変化の波形を示している。   FIG. 1 shows waveforms over time of wire feed speed, welding current, and welding voltage in consumable electrode type arc welding in which a short circuit state and an arc state are alternately repeated.

図1において、P1は短絡を開始した時点を示しており、P1時点から短絡初期電流を所定時間出力した後、短絡電流の第1段目の増加傾きdi/dtとして短絡電流を増加し、続けて第1段目の増加傾きdi/dtよりも傾きが緩やかな短絡電流の第2段目の増加傾きdi/dtとして短絡電流を増加する。   In FIG. 1, P1 indicates the time when the short circuit is started, and after the initial short-circuit current is output for a predetermined time from the time point P1, the short-circuit current is increased as the increasing slope di / dt of the first stage of the short-circuit current, and continues. Thus, the short-circuit current is increased as the second-stage increase slope di / dt of the second-stage short-circuit current having a gentler slope than the first-stage increase slope di / dt.

その後、P2の時点において、短絡の開放が近づくに伴って溶接対象物に形成された溶融プールと溶接ワイヤの先端との間に出来た溶滴のくびれを検出すると、溶接電流をくびれを検出した時点の電流よりも低電流に瞬時に移行させる。なお、本実施の形態におけるくびれ検出方法の詳細については後述する。   After that, at the time of P2, when the constriction of the droplet formed between the molten pool formed on the welding object and the tip of the welding wire is detected as the short circuit opens, the constriction of the welding current is detected. Transition to a current lower than the current current instantly. The details of the squeezing detection method in the present embodiment will be described later.

P3は、溶滴のくびれが離れて短絡が開放し、短絡状態が終了してアーク状態が発生した時点を示している。P3からのアーク期間において、アーク発生直後にピーク電流Ipの溶接電流を出力し、その後、ピーク電流Ipからベース電流Ibへ移行する。この電流の変化は、電流制御でも電圧制御でもどちらの制御でも可能であり、ベース電流Ibに移行した段階で次の短絡を待つことになる。   P3 indicates a point in time when the constriction of the droplets is released, the short circuit is opened, the short circuit state is finished, and the arc state is generated. In the arc period from P3, a welding current having a peak current Ip is output immediately after the arc is generated, and then the peak current Ip is shifted to the base current Ib. This change in current can be controlled by either current control or voltage control, and waits for the next short circuit at the stage of transition to the base current Ib.

P4は、P1の次の短絡が発生した時点を示しており、P1の時点と同様の状態である。   P4 indicates a time point when the next short circuit of P1 occurs, and is in the same state as the time point P1.

また、図1では、所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅であって、これを基本波形とした正弦波状に、正送と逆送とを周期的に繰り返すワイヤ送給制御を行っている例を示している。そして、正送側のピーク時ではP1時点周辺で短絡が発生し、逆送側のピーク時ではP2時点周辺でアークが発生することとなる。また、P3時点の後の正送のピーク時に、P4時点周辺で次の短絡が発生する。   Further, FIG. 1 shows an example in which wire feed control is performed in which a normal frequency and a reverse frequency are periodically repeated in a sine wave shape having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined velocity amplitude. ing. Then, a short circuit occurs around the point P1 at the peak on the forward side, and an arc occurs around the point P2 at the peak on the reverse side. In addition, at the peak of forward feeding after the time point P3, the next short circuit occurs around the time point P4.

以上のように、P1からP4までを制御の1周期とし、これを繰り返して溶接を行う。このように、短絡状態またはアーク状態の発生は、基本的に、ワイヤ送給速度の正送と逆送を周期的に繰り返すワイヤ送給制御に依存するものである。   As described above, P1 to P4 are set as one cycle of control, and this is repeated to perform welding. As described above, the occurrence of the short circuit state or the arc state basically depends on the wire feed control in which the forward feed and the reverse feed of the wire feed speed are periodically repeated.

次に、本実施の形態のアーク溶接制御を行うアーク溶接装置について、図2を用いて説明する。図2は、本実施の形態におけるアーク溶接装置の概略構成を示す図である。   Next, an arc welding apparatus that performs arc welding control according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the arc welding apparatus in the present embodiment.

図2において、入力電源1からアーク溶接装置に供給された電力は、1次整流部2で整流され、スイッチング素子3により交流に変換され、トランス4により降圧され、2次整流部5およびインダクタであるDCL6により整流され、溶接チップ24を通る溶接ワイヤ23と被溶接物26との間に印加され、これによりアーク25が発生する。   In FIG. 2, the electric power supplied from the input power source 1 to the arc welding apparatus is rectified by the primary rectification unit 2, converted into alternating current by the switching element 3, stepped down by the transformer 4, by the secondary rectification unit 5 and the inductor. Rectified by a certain DCL 6 and applied between the welding wire 23 passing through the welding tip 24 and the workpiece 26, thereby generating an arc 25.

また、アーク溶接装置は、スイッチング素子3を制御するための駆動部7と、溶接用電源出力端子間に接続されており溶接電圧を検出する溶接電圧検出部8と、溶接出力電流を検出する溶接電流検出部9と、溶接電圧検出部8からの信号に基づいて溶接ワイヤ23と被溶接物26とが短絡している短絡状態であるのか溶接ワイヤ23と被溶接物26との間でアークが発生しているアーク状態であるのかを判定する短絡/アーク検出部10と、短絡/アーク検出部10から短絡状態であることを示す信号を受けて短絡期間に短絡電流の制御を行う短絡制御部12と、短絡/アーク検出部10からアーク状態であることを示す信号を受けてアーク期間にアーク電圧の制御を行うアーク制御部11と、設定電流すなわち平均溶接電流を設定するための設定電流設定部18を備えている。なお、短絡/アーク検出部10は、溶接電流検出部9からの信号に基づいて短絡状態であるのかアーク状態であるのかを判定する、あるいは、溶接電圧検出部8からの信号および溶接電流検出部9からの信号に基づいて短絡状態であるのかアーク状態であるのかを判定するようにしても良い。   Further, the arc welding apparatus includes a driving unit 7 for controlling the switching element 3, a welding voltage detection unit 8 connected between the power supply output terminals for welding and detecting a welding voltage, and a welding for detecting a welding output current. Whether the welding wire 23 and the workpiece 26 are short-circuited based on the signals from the current detection unit 9 and the welding voltage detection unit 8, an arc is generated between the welding wire 23 and the workpiece 26. A short-circuit / arc detection unit 10 that determines whether the arc state is occurring, and a short-circuit control unit that receives a signal indicating a short-circuit state from the short-circuit / arc detection unit 10 and controls the short-circuit current during the short-circuit period 12, an arc control unit 11 that controls the arc voltage during the arc period in response to a signal indicating an arc state from the short-circuit / arc detection unit 10, and a setting current, that is, an average welding current And a setting current setting unit 18. The short-circuit / arc detection unit 10 determines whether it is in a short-circuit state or an arc state based on the signal from the welding current detection unit 9, or the signal from the welding voltage detection unit 8 and the welding current detection unit Based on the signal from 9, it may be determined whether it is in a short circuit state or an arc state.

アーク制御部11は、短絡/アーク検出部10からアーク期間であることを示す信号を入力している場合に、駆動部7を制御してアーク期間における出力制御を行うものである。   The arc control unit 11 controls the drive unit 7 to perform output control in the arc period when a signal indicating that the arc period is input from the short-circuit / arc detection unit 10.

短絡制御部12は、短絡/アーク検出部10から短絡期間であることを示す信号を入力している場合に、駆動部7を制御して短絡期間における溶接出力制御を行うものである。   The short-circuit controller 12 controls the welding output during the short-circuit period by controlling the drive unit 7 when a signal indicating that the short-circuit period is input from the short-circuit / arc detector 10.

短絡制御部12内のくびれ検出基準閾値設定部16において、設定電流設定部18で設定された設定電流毎に適したくびれ検出基準閾値を決定する。なお、くびれ検出基準閾値設定部16には、設定電流とくびれ検出基準閾値とを関係付けたテーブルあるいは関係式が設けられており、設定電流に基づいてくびれ検出基準閾値を決定する。   The squeezing detection reference threshold setting unit 16 in the short-circuit control unit 12 determines a squeezing detection reference threshold suitable for each set current set by the setting current setting unit 18. The squeezing detection reference threshold setting unit 16 is provided with a table or a relational expression relating the set current and the squeezing detection reference threshold, and determines the squeezing detection reference threshold based on the set current.

また、くびれ検出回数設定部17において、設定電流設定部18で設定した設定電流毎に適したくびれ検出回数を決定する。なお、くびれ検出回数設定部17には、設定電流とくびれ検出回数とを関係付けたテーブルあるいは関係式が設けられており、設定電流に基づいてくびれ検出回数を決定する。   Further, the squeezing detection number setting unit 17 determines a squeezing detection number suitable for each set current set by the set current setting unit 18. The squeezing detection count setting unit 17 is provided with a table or a relational expression that associates the set current with the squeezing detection count, and determines the squeezing detection count based on the set current.

そして、くびれ検出基準閾値設定部16の出力とくびれ検出回数設定部17の出力は、くびれ検出部13に入力され、くびれ検出部13においてくびれ検出が行われる。   The output of the squeezing detection reference threshold setting unit 16 and the output of the squeezing detection number setting unit 17 are input to the squeezing detection unit 13, and the squeezing detection unit 13 performs squeezing detection.

くびれ検出部13は、短絡/アーク検出部10から短絡期間であることを示す信号を入力している場合に、溶接電圧検出部8からの信号に基づいて、溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化量である溶接電圧微分値dv/dtを算出する。そして、算出した溶接電圧微分値dv/dtを、くびれ検出基準閾値を設定するためのくびれ検出基準閾値設定部16からのくびれ検出閾値である基準電圧微分値dv/dtと比較する。そして、算出した溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を超える回数をカウントし、さらに、そのカウント数とくびれ検出回数設定部17からのくびれ検出回数と比較する。なお、算出した溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を超えるか否かの検出は、予め決められた所定のサンプリング周期で行われる。また、カウント数は、所定のサンプリング周期で連続して、算出した溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を超える回数をカウントする。なお、カウント中にくびれ検出基準閾値を超えなかった場合が生じた場合は、カウントをリセットして再度ゼロからカウントを行う。   When the constriction detection unit 13 inputs a signal indicating a short-circuit period from the short-circuit / arc detection unit 10, the amount of change per unit time of the welding voltage based on the signal from the welding voltage detection unit 8. The welding voltage differential value dv / dt is calculated. Then, the calculated welding voltage differential value dv / dt is compared with a reference voltage differential value dv / dt which is a squeezing detection threshold value from the squeezing detection reference threshold value setting unit 16 for setting the squeezing detection reference threshold value. Then, the number of times the calculated welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold is counted, and the count is compared with the squeezing detection count from the squeezing detection count setting unit 17. Note that detection of whether or not the calculated welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold is performed at a predetermined sampling cycle. In addition, the count number counts the number of times that the calculated welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold continuously in a predetermined sampling period. If the squeezing detection reference threshold value is not exceeded during counting, the count is reset and the counting is performed again from zero.

このように、カウント数とくびれ検出回数とを比較することにより、溶接ワイヤ23が確実にくびれているか否かを検出し、カウント数がくびれ検出回数と同じになった場合に確実にくびれていると判定し、この状態でくびれを検出したこととなる。そして、くびれを検出した時点よりも溶接電流を低減することでスパッタの発生を抑制する。   In this way, by comparing the count number with the number of squeezing detections, it is detected whether or not the welding wire 23 is securely squeezed. When the count number is the same as the number of squeezing detections, the squeezing is surely made. In this state, the constriction is detected. And generation | occurrence | production of a sputter | spatter is suppressed by reducing a welding current rather than the time of detecting a constriction.

また、くびれ誤検出検出部14は、くびれ検出部13からのくびれを検出したことを示す信号と、短絡/アーク検出部10からの短絡を示す信号に基づいて、くびれを検出した時点から所定時間が経過した際にアーク期間となっているか否かを判定し、アーク期間となっていない場合には、くびれ誤検出と判定するものである。   Further, the constriction erroneous detection detection unit 14 is based on a signal indicating that the constriction is detected from the constriction detection unit 13 and a signal indicating the short circuit from the short circuit / arc detection unit 10 for a predetermined time from the time when the constriction is detected. It is determined whether or not the arc period is reached when the period elapses. If the arc period is not reached, it is determined that the constriction is erroneously detected.

また、くびれ検出無効時間設定部15は、くびれ誤検出検出部14の信号を受け、くびれ誤検出であれば、予め設定したくびれ検出無効時間T1の間は、くびれ検出しないようにくびれ検出部13に制御信号を出力する。なお、くびれを検出した際にくびれを検出した時点の電流から電流を低減する制御を行い、その後、くびれ誤検出となった場合には、前記くびれを検出した時点の電流値以上に電流を増加する制御を行うが、検出無効時間T1は、前記くびれを検出した時点の電流値以上に電流を増加する前の時点から始まる。これにより、電流を増加する際にくびれではないにも関わらすくびれを検出してしまうこと、すなわち、くびれの誤検出を抑制することができる。   Further, the squeezing detection invalid time setting unit 15 receives the signal from the squeezing erroneous detection detection unit 14, and if it is erroneous squeezing detection, the squeezing detection unit 13 does not detect squeezing during the preset squeezing detection invalid time T1. Output a control signal. When the constriction is detected, control is performed to reduce the current from the current at the time of detecting the constriction.If the constriction is detected erroneously thereafter, the current is increased beyond the current value at the time of detecting the constriction. However, the detection invalid time T1 starts from a time point before the current is increased beyond the current value at the time of detecting the constriction. As a result, it is possible to suppress a constriction that is not constricted when increasing the current, that is, a false detection of the constriction.

なお、くびれ検出部13と、くびれ誤検出検出部14と、くびれ検出無効時間設定部15と、くびれ検出基準閾値設定部16と、くびれ検出回数設定部17は、短絡制御部12内に設けられている。   The constriction detection unit 13, the constriction erroneous detection detection unit 14, the constriction detection invalid time setting unit 15, the constriction detection reference threshold setting unit 16, and the constriction detection frequency setting unit 17 are provided in the short-circuit control unit 12. ing.

また、図2で示したアーク溶接装置を構成する各構成部は、各々単独に構成してもよいし、複数の構成部を複合して構成するようにしてもよい。   Moreover, each component part which comprises the arc welding apparatus shown in FIG. 2 may each be comprised independently, and you may make it comprise combining a some component part.

次に、ワイヤ送給速度制御について、説明する。   Next, the wire feed speed control will be described.

設定電流設定部18で設定した設定電流毎に、周波数基本設定部20において正弦波状の適正なワイヤ送給の周波数を決定し、速度振幅基本設定部21においてワイヤ送給の速度振幅を決定し、平均送給速度設定部19においてワイヤ送給の平均送給速度を決定する。そして、周波数基本設定部20の出力と速度振幅基本設定部21の出力と平均送給速度設定部19の出力は、ワイヤ送給モータ22に入力され、溶接ワイヤ23の送給が制御される。   For each set current set by the set current setting unit 18, the frequency basic setting unit 20 determines an appropriate sinusoidal wire feeding frequency, and the speed amplitude basic setting unit 21 determines the wire feeding speed amplitude. The average feeding speed setting unit 19 determines the average feeding speed of wire feeding. The output of the frequency basic setting unit 20, the output of the speed amplitude basic setting unit 21, and the output of the average feed speed setting unit 19 are input to the wire feed motor 22, and feeding of the welding wire 23 is controlled.

なお、周波数基本設定部20には、設定電流と周波数とを関係付けたテーブルあるいは関係式が設けられており、設定電流に基づいて周波数を決定する。また、速度振幅基本設定部21には、設定電流と速度振幅とを関係付けたテーブルあるいは関係式が設けられており、設定電流に基づいて速度振幅を決定する。また、平均送給速度設定部19には、設定電流と平均送給速度とを関係付けたテーブルあるいは関係式が設けられており、設定電流に基づいて平均送給速度を決定する。   The frequency basic setting unit 20 is provided with a table or a relational expression relating the set current and the frequency, and determines the frequency based on the set current. The speed amplitude basic setting unit 21 is provided with a table or a relational expression relating the set current and the speed amplitude, and determines the speed amplitude based on the set current. The average feed rate setting unit 19 is provided with a table or a relational expression that associates the set current with the average feed rate, and determines the average feed rate based on the set current.

次に、設定電流に応じて正弦波状の適正な周波数と速度振幅によりワイヤ送給を行っている際のくびれ検出方法について、図3と図4を用いて説明する。なお、図3と図4は、短絡してから短絡開放するまでのくびれ検出感度である溶接電圧の微分値である溶接電圧微分値dv/dtの一例を示している。   Next, a method for detecting squeezing when wire feeding is performed with an appropriate sinusoidal frequency and velocity amplitude according to the set current will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 and 4 show an example of the welding voltage differential value dv / dt, which is the differential value of the welding voltage, which is the squeezing detection sensitivity from the short circuit to the short circuit opening.

図3は、くびれ検出回数を2回に設定した場合の例を説明するための図である。   FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example in which the number of necking detections is set to two.

ここで、先ず、一般的に知られているくびれ制御について説明する。例えば、短絡が発生するとこの短絡を開放するために短絡電流が徐々に増加される。そして、短絡電流の増加に伴って溶接電圧も徐々に上昇する。この溶接電圧の上昇に伴い、溶接電圧の微分値(溶接電圧の単時間当たりの変化量)である溶接電圧微分値dv/dtも上昇する。そして、短絡の開放が近づいてきた時、溶融したワイヤ先端と溶融プールとの間でくびれという状態が形成される。このくびれが発生すると、溶接電圧の微分値である溶接電圧微分値dv/dtは急峻に上昇する。そこで、この溶接電圧の微分値である溶接電圧微分値dv/dtを検出し、くびれ検出基準閾値である基準電圧微分値dv/dtと比較し、これを上回るとくびれを検出したとし、くびれを検出した時点の電流よりも電流を低減するように制御する。これが所謂くびれ制御である。   First, generally known constriction control will be described. For example, when a short circuit occurs, the short circuit current is gradually increased to open the short circuit. And the welding voltage also rises gradually with the increase in the short circuit current. As the welding voltage increases, the welding voltage differential value dv / dt, which is the differential value of the welding voltage (the amount of change in the welding voltage per hour), also increases. Then, when the opening of the short circuit is approaching, a constricted state is formed between the molten wire tip and the molten pool. When this constriction occurs, the welding voltage differential value dv / dt, which is the differential value of the welding voltage, rapidly increases. Therefore, the welding voltage differential value dv / dt, which is a differential value of the welding voltage, is detected and compared with a reference voltage differential value dv / dt, which is a squeezing detection reference threshold value. Control is performed so as to reduce the current from the current at the time of detection. This is so-called constriction control.

一方、本実施の形態のように、所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅で基本波形である正弦波状に正送と逆送とを周期的に繰り返すワイヤ送給制御では、従来の一定速度の正送を行うワイヤ送給とは異なり、逆送状態で短絡が開放する。故に、くびれが始まると、短絡が開放するまでの時間が、従来のくびれ状態に比べて短い。そのため、従来のくびれ状態の検出と比べてくびれ検出基準閾値を低く設定しておく必要がある。   On the other hand, as in the present embodiment, in the wire feed control in which the forward feed and the reverse feed are periodically repeated in a sine wave as a basic waveform with a predetermined frequency and a predetermined speed amplitude, the conventional constant speed forward feed is performed. Unlike the wire feed that performs the short circuit, the short circuit is opened in the reverse feed state. Therefore, when the constriction starts, the time until the short circuit is opened is shorter than the conventional constricted state. Therefore, it is necessary to set the squeezing detection reference threshold value lower than that in the conventional detection of the squeezed state.

しかしながら、単にくびれ検出基準閾値を従来のくびれを検出する場合に比べて低く設定すると、くびれ誤検出の頻度が上がってしまう。そこで、その対策として、本実施の形態では、くびれ検出基準閾値を上回る回数を複数回検出することとしている。その理由は、くびれ検出基準閾値を1回検出した時点でくびれが発生していると判定する場合、稀に、外乱等の何らかの影響により、くびれの発生ではないにも関わらず、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtが一瞬だけくびれ検出基準閾値を上回る場合もあり、この場合には、くびれ誤検出につながってしまうといった問題が生じる。そこで、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を例えば2回上回ることを検出した場合にくびれを検出したと判定、そして電流をくびれ検出時よりも低減させるように制御するものである。なお、図3におけるt1の時点が、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を上回る1回目の時点であり、t2の時点が、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を上回る2回目の時点である。そして、t1の時点とt2の時点は所定サンプリング周期のサンプリングタイミングである。また、連続したサンプリングタイミングであるt1の時点とt2の時点で、連続して溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を上回わっている。   However, if the squeezing detection reference threshold value is set lower than that in the case of simply detecting a squeezing, the frequency of squeezing erroneous detection increases. Therefore, as a countermeasure, in the present embodiment, the number of times exceeding the squeezing detection reference threshold is detected a plurality of times. The reason for this is that when it is determined that constriction has occurred at the time when the squeezing detection reference threshold is detected once, the welding voltage differential value is rarely caused by some influence such as disturbance, although it is not constricted. In some cases, dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold value for a moment. In this case, there is a problem that a squeezing error is detected. Therefore, when it is detected that the welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold value, for example, twice, it is determined that squeezing has been detected, and control is performed so that the current is reduced more than when squeezing is detected. The time point t1 in FIG. 3 is the first time point when the welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold value, and the time point t2 indicates that the welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold value. This is the second time. The time point t1 and the time point t2 are sampling timings of a predetermined sampling period. In addition, the welding voltage differential value dv / dt continuously exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold at the time points t1 and t2, which are continuous sampling timings.

なお、上記では、一例としてくびれ検出回数を2回と設定した例を示しているが、3回以上でも何ら問題ない。   In the above, an example in which the number of constrictions is set to 2 is shown as an example, but there is no problem even if it is 3 times or more.

また、図3に示す特性中のくびれ検出基準閾値やくびれ検出回数は、溶接対象物や溶接条件等に応じて実験等により予め求めておくことができるものである。   Further, the squeezing detection reference threshold and the squeezing detection frequency in the characteristics shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained in advance by experiments or the like according to the welding object, welding conditions, and the like.

次に、外乱等によりくびれ検出基準閾値を一瞬だけ(1回だけ)超えて、連続して超えなかった場合の例について、図4を用いて説明する。   Next, an example in which the squeezing detection reference threshold value is exceeded for a moment (only once) due to a disturbance or the like and is not continuously exceeded will be described with reference to FIG.

図4では、図3と同じく、くびれ検出回数を2回に設定した場合の例を示している。図4は、先ず、t3の時点において溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を1回だけ上回り、その後t4の時点でくびれ検出基準閾値を下回った場合を示している。この場合、くびれ検出回数は1回であり、くびれ検出回数が2回に達していないので、くびれを検出したとは判定せず、故に、電流を低減させる制御は行わない。その後、同じ1回の短絡中にくびれ検出を継続して行っており、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値をt5の時点で上回り、続けて次のサンプルリングタイミングであるt6の時点でも上回り、設定されたくびれ検出回数の2回となったので、くびれを検出したと判定し、電流をくびれ検出時点よりも低減させる制御を行う。   FIG. 4 shows an example in which the number of constrictions is set to 2 as in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a case where the welding voltage differential value dv / dt first exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold value once at time t3, and then falls below the squeezing detection reference threshold value at time t4. In this case, the number of squeezing detections is 1, and the number of squeezing detections has not reached 2. Therefore, it is not determined that the squeezing has been detected, and therefore control for reducing the current is not performed. After that, the squeezing detection is continuously performed during the same single short-circuit, and the welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold at the time t5, and then the time of the next sampling timing t6. However, since the number of squeezing detections has been set twice, it is determined that the squeezing has been detected, and control is performed to reduce the current from the time of squeezing detection.

このように、くびれ検出回数を設定することにより、くびれ検出基準閾値を低く設定した場合であっても、くびれ誤検出を抑制することができる。そして、くびれ検出基準閾値を低く設定することができるので、くびれ検出基準閾値を超える検出を複数回行うが、誤検出を行わないように単に1つの高めのくびれ検出閾値を決定してくびれ検出を行う場合と比べ、くびれを早期に検出することができる。   In this way, by setting the number of squeezing detections, erroneous squeezing detection can be suppressed even when the squeezing detection reference threshold is set low. Since the squeezing detection reference threshold can be set low, detection that exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold is performed a plurality of times, but only one higher squeezing detection threshold is determined so as not to perform false detection. The constriction can be detected at an early stage as compared with the case of performing it.

次に、図5を用いて、くびれ誤検出した際の処理、特に、くびれ検出誤検出後のくびれ検出を行わない無効時間について説明する。図5は、短絡状態とアーク状態とを交互に繰り返す消耗電極式のアーク溶接における、ワイヤ送給速度と溶接電流と溶接電圧の時間変化の波形を示している。   Next, referring to FIG. 5, a description will be given of processing when a squeezing error is detected, particularly an invalid time during which squeezing detection is not performed after a squeezing detection error is detected. FIG. 5 shows a waveform of the wire feed speed, the welding current, and the welding voltage over time in the consumable electrode type arc welding in which the short circuit state and the arc state are alternately repeated.

図5において、溶接電圧微分値dv/dtがくびれ検出基準閾値を所定回数上回り、くびれを検出したとして電流を低減させておく所定期間Aは、短絡が開放してからアーク期間に十分移行していると考えられる時間とし、実験等により求めておき、予め設定しておく。そして、電流を低減しておく時間が所定期間Aを上回った時点で、アーク状態になっているか否かを判定し、アーク状態になっていない場合、くびれ誤検出と判定し、短絡電流を低減する前の電流値以上の電流で、かつ、短絡電流の増加傾きdi/dtに戻し、短絡電流の増加傾きdi/dtを継続するようにする。   In FIG. 5, the predetermined period A in which the welding voltage differential value dv / dt exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold by a predetermined number of times and the current is reduced when the squeezing is detected is sufficiently shifted to the arc period after the short circuit is opened. It is determined that the time is considered to be present, and is determined in advance through experiments or the like. Then, when the time during which the current is reduced exceeds the predetermined period A, it is determined whether or not it is in the arc state. If it is not in the arc state, it is determined that the constriction is erroneously detected and the short circuit current is reduced. The current is equal to or greater than the current value before the current change, and the increase slope di / dt of the short-circuit current is restored to continue the increase slope di / dt of the short-circuit current.

次に、くびれ誤検出後に再度くびれ誤検出を生じないように、くびれ誤検出後に所定時間くびれ検出を無効にする制御について説明する。   Next, control for invalidating the squeezing detection for a predetermined time after the squeezing error detection will be described so that the squeezing error detection will not occur again after the squeezing error detection.

くびれを誤検出しても、1つの短絡期間中に何回でもくびれ検出を行うことを可能とする場合において、くびれ検出したとして電流を低減し、その後、くびれが誤検出であったと判定した場合、短絡電流を低減する前の電流以上の電流に急上昇させて短絡電流の増加傾きdi/dtに戻るように溶接電流を制御する。しかし、この溶接電流の急上昇を行うと、溶接電圧の微分値である溶接電圧微分値がくびれ検出閾値である基準電圧微分値を上回ってしまう。この場合、短絡が開放していないにも関わらず、くびれ制御を行うこととなり、再度電流を低減させる制御が働いてしまう。そして、このような状態を繰り返してしまい、適切な溶接を実行することができなくなってしまう。   When it is possible to detect a squeeze multiple times during one short-circuit period even if the squeezing is erroneously detected, the current is reduced as the squeezing is detected, and then it is determined that the squeezing was a false detection. Then, the welding current is controlled so as to rapidly increase to a current equal to or higher than the current before the short-circuit current is reduced and to return to the increase slope di / dt of the short-circuit current. However, if this welding current is rapidly increased, the welding voltage differential value, which is the differential value of the welding voltage, exceeds the reference voltage differential value, which is the squeezing detection threshold. In this case, the constriction control is performed even though the short-circuit is not opened, and the control for reducing the current is activated again. And such a state will be repeated and it will become impossible to perform appropriate welding.

このような状態を防止するため、短絡を開放したとして電流を低減し、アーク期間に十分移行していると考えられる所定時間Aが経過して電流が急上昇する時点で、くびれ検出を行わないように、すなわち、くびれ誤検出を行わないように、くびれ検出を無効とする無効時間T1を設けている。このように、くびれ誤検出と判定した後にくびれ検出を行わない無効時間T1を設けることで、同じ短絡期間中に何回でもくびれ検出を行うことが可能となる。そして、本当のくびれを検出する可能性が高まる。なお、このくびれ検出無効時間T1は、電流を急上昇する前の時点から開始する。   In order to prevent such a situation, the current is reduced by opening the short circuit, and the constriction detection is not performed when the current rapidly increases after a predetermined time A that is considered to have sufficiently shifted to the arc period. In other words, an invalid time T1 for invalidating the squeezing detection is provided so that the squeezing detection is not performed. As described above, by providing the invalid time T1 in which the squeezing detection is not performed after it is determined that the squeezing is erroneously detected, the squeezing detection can be performed any number of times during the same short-circuit period. And the possibility of detecting a true constriction increases. The squeezing detection invalid time T1 starts from a time point before the current suddenly increases.

また、図3と図4に示すくびれ検出閾値およびくびれ検出回数や、図5に示す短絡が開放してアーク期間に十分移行していると考えられる所定時間Aは、例えば、設定電流や設定ワイヤ送給速度と1次線あるいは2次曲線などの関係を求めておき、この1次線や2次曲線を用いて設定電流やワイヤ送給速度に基づいて決定するようにしても良い。   Further, the squeezing detection threshold and the number of squeezing detections shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the predetermined time A considered that the short circuit shown in FIG. The relationship between the feeding speed and the primary line or the quadratic curve may be obtained and determined based on the set current and the wire feeding speed using the primary line or the quadratic curve.

また、各々に上限値および/または下限値を設けるようにしても良い。なお、上下限値は溶接対象物などで異なり、各々の溶接対象物や溶接条件等に基づいて実験等により予め求めておけば良い。   Further, an upper limit value and / or a lower limit value may be provided for each. The upper and lower limit values differ depending on the welding object and the like, and may be obtained in advance by experiments or the like based on each welding object or welding conditions.

また、図3から図5に示したくびれ検出基準閾値や、くびれ検出回数や、くびれ検出無効時間T1や、くびれ検出後にくびれ検出前よりも低電流とする所定時間A等の値は、例えば、送給する消耗電極ワイヤのワイヤ径、ワイヤ種類、ワイヤ突出長、供給するシールドガス、の少なくとも1つに基づいて設定される。   The values of the squeezing detection reference threshold, the number of squeezing detections, the squeezing detection invalid time T1, the predetermined time A that is lower than the squeezing detection after squeezing detection, and the like are shown in FIG. It is set based on at least one of the wire diameter of the consumable electrode wire to be fed, the wire type, the wire protrusion length, and the shield gas to be supplied.

以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、ワイヤ送給速度を正送と逆送で正弦波状に周期的に繰り返して短絡状態とアーク状態を周期的に発生させて溶接を行う制御方法において、設定電流毎に適したくびれ検出基準閾値やくびれ検出回数を設定することにより、低電流から高電流までの設定電流においても、くびれ誤検出を抑制することができる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the control method of performing welding by periodically generating a short-circuit state and an arc state by periodically repeating a wire feed speed in a sine wave shape by forward feed and reverse feed. By setting a squeezing detection reference threshold and a squeezing detection frequency suitable for each set current, it is possible to suppress false squeezing detection even at a set current from a low current to a high current.

そして、くびれ誤検出を抑制することでくびれ誤検出時の溶接電流の低下を行う期間がなくなる、あるいは少なくすることができるので、短絡開放まで電気エネルギーを供給することができ、短絡開放直前を確実に見極めることができる。また、短絡開放時の電流を低くすることができるので、ワイヤがはじけることなく安定した短絡開放を実現でき、安定した短絡周期も得ることができる。   And, by suppressing the false detection of the neck, the period during which the welding current is reduced at the time of the false detection of the neck can be eliminated or reduced, so that electric energy can be supplied until the short circuit is opened, and it is ensured immediately before the short circuit is opened. Can be determined. Moreover, since the current at the time of opening the short circuit can be reduced, it is possible to realize a stable short circuit opening without breaking the wire and to obtain a stable short circuit cycle.

なお、本実施の形態では、設定電流に基づいてくびれ検出基準閾値やくびれ検出回数を決定する例を示した。しかし、設定電流はワイヤ送給速度やワイヤ送給量と比例の関係にあることは広く知られている。そこで、設定電流に替えて、ワイヤ送給速度やワイヤ送給量に基づいてくびれ検出閾値やくびれ検出回数等を決定するようにしても同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the squeezing detection reference threshold and the squeezing detection count are determined based on the set current. However, it is well known that the set current is proportional to the wire feed speed and the wire feed amount. Therefore, the same effect can be obtained by determining the squeezing detection threshold, the number of squeezing detections, and the like based on the wire feeding speed and the wire feeding amount instead of the set current.

また、上記では、ワイヤ送給速度の変化が図1や図5に示しように正弦波状である場合の例を説明したが、図6に示すようにワイヤ送給速度の変化が台形波状である場合でも同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the above description, an example in which the change in the wire feed speed is sinusoidal as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 has been described. However, the change in the wire feed speed is trapezoidal as shown in FIG. Even in the case, the same effect can be obtained.

本発明によれば、溶接速度の高速化や、突出し長さの変化および被溶接物間のギャップなどといった外乱に対し、アーク不安定によるスパッタ増加に加えてビード欠陥、溶け込み不良等の問題を最小限に留めることができ、溶接作業工程でのロス工程であるスパッタ除去工程を少なくすることができ、生産効率や作業環境への悪影響を抑えることが可能であり、例えば消耗電極式アーク溶接施工を行う自動車などの薄板での高速溶接を主としている業界で使用する溶接方法および溶接装置として産業上有用である。   According to the present invention, problems such as bead defects and poor penetration in addition to increased spatter due to arc instability are minimized against disturbances such as increased welding speed, changes in protrusion length, and gaps between workpieces. The spatter removal process, which is a loss process in the welding process, can be reduced, and adverse effects on production efficiency and the work environment can be suppressed. The present invention is industrially useful as a welding method and a welding apparatus used in an industry mainly performing high-speed welding of thin plates such as automobiles.

1 入力電源
2 1次整流部
3 スイッチング素子
4 トランス
5 2次整流部
6 DCL
7 駆動部
8 溶接電圧検出部
9 溶接電流検出部
10 短絡/アーク検出部
11 アーク制御部
12 短絡制御部
13 くびれ検出部
14 くびれ誤検出検出部
15 くびれ検出無効時間設定部
16 くびれ検出基準閾値設定部
17 くびれ検出回数設定部
18 設定電流設定部
19 平均送給速度設定部
20 周波数基本設定部
21 速度振幅基本設定部
22 ワイヤ送給モータ
23 溶接ワイヤ
24 チップ
25 アーク
26 被溶接物
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input power supply 2 Primary rectification part 3 Switching element 4 Transformer 5 Secondary rectification part 6 DCL
7 Drive unit
8 Welding voltage detection unit 9 Welding current detection unit 10 Short circuit / arc detection unit 11 Arc control unit 12 Short circuit control unit 13 Constriction detection unit 14 Constriction false detection detection unit 15 Constriction detection invalid time setting unit 16 Constriction detection reference threshold setting unit 17 Constriction Number of detection setting section 18 Setting current setting section 19 Average feed speed setting section 20 Frequency basic setting section 21 Speed amplitude basic setting section 22 Wire feed motor 23 Welding wire 24 Tip 25 Arc 26 Workpiece

Claims (11)

消耗電極である溶接ワイヤと被溶接物との間でアーク状態と短絡状態とを繰り返して溶接を行うアーク溶接方法であって、
短絡期間中に所定のサンプリング周期毎に溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化量を求めてくびれ検出基準閾値と比較するステップと、
前記溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化が前記くびれ検出基準閾値を前記所定のサンプリング周期で連続して超える回数が所定の設定回数に達したときにくびれを検出したと判定するステップを備えたアーク溶接方法。
An arc welding method for performing welding by repeating an arc state and a short-circuit state between a welding wire that is a consumable electrode and a workpiece,
Obtaining a change amount per unit time of the welding voltage for each predetermined sampling period during the short circuit period and comparing it with a squeezing detection reference threshold;
Arc welding comprising the step of determining that the necking has been detected when the number of times the change in the welding voltage per unit time continuously exceeds the necking detection reference threshold in the predetermined sampling period reaches a predetermined set number of times. Method.
くびれを検出したと判定し、短絡電流を前記判定した時点の第1の電流値よりも低い第2の電流値に制御し、この第2の電流値を所定時間維持し、前記所定時間経過時にアークが発生しているか否かを判定してアークが発生していない場合にはくびれ検出は誤検出であったと判定し、溶接電流を前記第2の電流値から前記第1の電流値以上に増加させる請求項1記載のアーク溶接方法。 It is determined that the constriction has been detected, the short-circuit current is controlled to a second current value lower than the first current value at the time of the determination, the second current value is maintained for a predetermined time, and when the predetermined time has elapsed It is determined whether or not an arc is generated. If no arc is generated, it is determined that the squeezing detection is a false detection, and the welding current is increased from the second current value to the first current value or more. The arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the arc welding method is increased. くびれ検出が誤検出であったと判定し、溶接電流を第2の電流値から第1の電流値以上に増加させる際に、くびれ検出を無効とするくびれ検出無効時間を設けた請求項2記載のアーク溶接方法。 3. The neck detection invalidation time for invalidating the neck detection is provided when it is determined that the neck detection is a false detection and the welding current is increased from the second current value to the first current value or more. Arc welding method. くびれ検出無効時間は、第1の電流値以上に増加させる前の第2の電流値である時点から開始される請求項3記載のアーク溶接方法。 4. The arc welding method according to claim 3, wherein the squeezing detection invalid time is started from a time point at which the squeezing detection invalid time is a second current value before being increased to a value equal to or greater than the first current value. 1つの短絡期間中にくびれが誤検出であったと判定した場合でも、その後、前記1つの短絡期間中で再度くびれ検出を行う請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載のアーク溶接方法。 5. The arc welding method according to claim 2, wherein, even when it is determined that the constriction is a false detection during one short-circuit period, the constriction detection is performed again during the one short-circuit period. 6. 設定電流に応じた溶接ワイヤ送給速度を平均送給速度とし、前記設定電流に応じた所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅で溶接ワイヤの正送と逆送を周期的に繰り返して短絡状態とアーク状態を発生させて溶接を行う請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のアーク溶接方法。 The welding wire feed speed according to the set current is set as the average feed speed, and the welding wire is fed forward and backward periodically at a predetermined frequency and a predetermined speed amplitude according to the set current, thereby short-circuiting and arcing. The arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein welding is performed by generating a state. 溶接ワイヤ送給速度を正弦波状または台形波状に変化させて溶接ワイヤの送給を行う請求項6記載のアーク溶接方法。 The arc welding method according to claim 6, wherein the welding wire is fed by changing the welding wire feeding speed to a sine wave shape or a trapezoidal wave shape. 消耗電極である溶接ワイヤと被溶接物との間でアーク状態と短絡状態とを繰り返して溶接を行うアーク溶接装置であって、
溶接出力を制御するスイッチング素子と、
溶接電流を検出する溶接電流検出部と、
溶接電圧を検出する溶接電圧検出部と、
前記溶接電圧検出部の検出結果に基づいて短絡状態であるのかアーク状態であるのかを検出する短絡/アーク検出部と、
前記短絡/アーク検出部からの短絡状態を示す信号を受けて短絡状態である短絡期間に短絡電流の制御を行う短絡制御部と、
前記短絡/アーク検出部からのアーク状態を示す信号を受けてアーク状態であるアーク期間にアーク電圧の制御を行うアーク制御部と、
短絡期間中のくびれ検出のためのくびれ検出基準閾値を設定するくびれ検出基準閾値設定部と、
前記溶接電圧検出部および/または前記溶接電流検出部と前記くびれ検出基準閾値設定部の出力に基づいて短絡期間の終期に生じる前記溶接ワイヤのくびれを検出するくびれ検出部と、
前記くびれ検出部においてくびれ検出基準閾値を超える回数をカウントする際の設定値となる所定回数を設定するくびれ検出回数設定部と、を備え、
前記くびれ検出部で前記所定のサンプリング周期毎に求めた溶接電圧の単位時間当たりの変化量または溶接電流の単位時間当たりの変化量または溶接電圧を溶接電流で除して求められる溶接抵抗の単位時間当たりの変化量が、前記くびれ検出基準閾値を前記所定のサンプリング周期で連続して超える回数が前記所定回数に達したときにくびれを検出したと判定するアーク溶接方法。
An arc welding apparatus that performs welding by repeating an arc state and a short-circuit state between a welding wire that is a consumable electrode and a workpiece,
A switching element for controlling the welding output;
A welding current detector for detecting a welding current;
A welding voltage detector for detecting the welding voltage;
A short-circuit / arc detector for detecting whether the arc is in a short-circuit state based on the detection result of the welding voltage detector;
A short-circuit control unit that receives a signal indicating a short-circuit state from the short-circuit / arc detection unit and controls a short-circuit current during a short-circuit period in a short-circuit state;
An arc control unit that receives a signal indicating an arc state from the short circuit / arc detection unit and controls an arc voltage during an arc period in an arc state;
A squeezing detection reference threshold setting unit for setting a squeezing detection reference threshold for squeezing detection during a short circuit period;
A squeezing detection unit that detects a squeezing of the welding wire that occurs at the end of a short circuit period based on outputs of the welding voltage detection unit and / or the welding current detection unit and the squeezing detection reference threshold value setting unit;
A squeezing detection number setting unit that sets a predetermined number of times as a set value when counting the number of times that exceeds the squeezing detection reference threshold in the squeezing detection unit,
Unit of welding resistance obtained by dividing the amount of change in welding voltage per unit time or the amount of change in welding current per unit time or welding voltage obtained by the necking detector by the predetermined sampling period by the welding current An arc welding method for determining that a constriction has been detected when the number of consecutive changes that exceed the constriction detection reference threshold in the predetermined sampling period reaches the predetermined number.
くびれ検出部でくびれを検出してから所定期間内にアークが発生しない場合にはくびれを誤検出したと判定するくびれ誤検出検出部を備えた請求項8記載のアーク溶接装置。 The arc welding apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a constriction detection detection unit that determines that the constriction is erroneously detected when no arc is generated within a predetermined period after the constriction detection unit detects the constriction. くびれを誤検出した場合に、その後所定期間くびれ検出を無効とするくびれ検出無効時間を設定するくびれ検出無効時間設定部を備えた請求項9記載のアーク溶接装置。 The arc welding apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a squeezing detection invalid time setting unit that sets a squeezing detection invalid time after which the squeezing detection is invalidated for a predetermined period when the squeezing is erroneously detected. 設定電流を設定するための設定電流設定部と、
前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御する平均送給速度となる溶接ワイヤ送給速度を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する平均送給速度設定部と、
前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御するための周波数を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する周波数基本設定部と、
前記溶接ワイヤを正送と逆送に周期的に繰り返し送給制御するための速度振幅を前記設定電流設定部で設定された設定電流に基づいて決定する速度振幅基本設定部とを備え、
前記設定電流に応じた溶接ワイヤ送給速度を平均送給速度とし、前記設定電流に応じた所定の周波数と所定の速度振幅で溶接ワイヤの正送と逆送を周期的に繰り返して短絡状態とアーク状態を発生させて溶接を行う請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載のアーク溶接装置。
A set current setting unit for setting the set current;
An average feed speed for determining a welding wire feed speed based on a set current set by the set current setting unit, which is an average feed speed for periodically and repeatedly feeding the welding wire in a forward feed and a reverse feed. A setting section;
A frequency basic setting unit that determines a frequency for periodically and repeatedly feeding the welding wire to forward feed and reverse feed based on a set current set by the set current setting unit;
A speed amplitude basic setting unit for determining a speed amplitude for periodically and repeatedly controlling the welding wire to forward feed and reverse feed based on the set current set by the set current setting unit;
The welding wire feeding speed according to the set current is set as the average feeding speed, and the welding wire is fed forward and backward periodically at a predetermined frequency and a predetermined speed amplitude according to the set current, The arc welding apparatus according to claim 8, wherein welding is performed by generating an arc state.
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