JP2011015561A - Charging/discharging device of lithium ion capacitor cell - Google Patents

Charging/discharging device of lithium ion capacitor cell Download PDF

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JP2011015561A
JP2011015561A JP2009158381A JP2009158381A JP2011015561A JP 2011015561 A JP2011015561 A JP 2011015561A JP 2009158381 A JP2009158381 A JP 2009158381A JP 2009158381 A JP2009158381 A JP 2009158381A JP 2011015561 A JP2011015561 A JP 2011015561A
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lithium ion
ion capacitor
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JP5428589B2 (en
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Takayuki Yamamoto
隆之 山本
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Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charge/discharge device of a lithium ion capacitor cell enabling suppression of energy loss by being operated only under a specific condition.SOLUTION: In the charge/discharge device of the lithium ion capacitor cell, having a means to equalize a shared voltage between many lithium ion capacitor cells C1, C2, ..., Cn connected in series, there are provided with a difference operation circuit 1 by which the voltage differences between adjacent lithium ion capacitor cells C1, C2, ..., Cn are monitored to output the monitored results during charging, and numerous series parts composed of relays RY1, RY2, ..., RYn and voltage dividing resistances R1, R2, ..., Rn respectively connected in parallel to the respective lithium ion capacitor cells C1, C2, ..., Cn. The relays RY1, RY2, ..., RYn are configured to be opened and closed based on signals output from a photocoupler PC2 which is electrically insulated from a charge/discharge main circuit and is on/off controlled by a charge current of the charge/discharge main circuit.

Description

本発明は、複数のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルが直列接続されてなるリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置に関し、特に、電圧均等化回路及び過放電保護回路を備えたリチウムイオンキャパシタセル充放電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a charge / discharge device for a lithium ion capacitor cell in which a plurality of lithium ion capacitor cells are connected in series, and more particularly to a lithium ion capacitor cell charge / discharge device including a voltage equalization circuit and an overdischarge protection circuit.

リチウムイオンキャパシタは一般的に活性炭等を構成材料とした正極と、黒鉛やグラファイトなどを主とした負極とを、セパレータを介して対向させた構造となっており、正極は電気二重層キャパシタ、負極はリチウムイオン二次電池と同様の構成を有している。電極間は電解質塩を含む有機溶媒で満たされている。このようなリチウムイオンキャパシタは、予め負極にリチウムイオンを吸蔵させて電位を持たせることにより電気二重層キャパシタよりも高い２．２Ｖから３．８Ｖ程度の動作電圧範囲を有している。この高い動作電圧によって電気二重層キャパシタに比較して３〜４倍の高エネルギーを蓄えることが可能である。そのため電気二重層キャパシタのエネルギーでは不十分であった高エネルギーを要する用途や、ある程度長い放電時間が必要な用途への適用が期待され、電源バックアップ用途への適用において電気二重層キャパシタや二次電池よりも優位性が得られると考えられる。   A lithium ion capacitor generally has a structure in which a positive electrode made of activated carbon or the like and a negative electrode mainly made of graphite or graphite are opposed to each other through a separator. The positive electrode is an electric double layer capacitor, a negative electrode Has the same configuration as the lithium ion secondary battery. The space between the electrodes is filled with an organic solvent containing an electrolyte salt. Such a lithium ion capacitor has an operating voltage range of about 2.2 V to about 3.8 V, which is higher than that of the electric double layer capacitor, by preliminarily storing lithium ions in the negative electrode to give a potential. With this high operating voltage, it is possible to store 3 to 4 times as much energy as the electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to applications that require high energy, which was insufficient with the energy of electric double layer capacitors, and applications that require a certain amount of discharge time. Electric double layer capacitors and secondary batteries can be used for power backup applications. It is thought that superiority can be obtained.

一方でリチウムイオンキャパシタは一般的に上述したように動作電圧範囲が定められており、この電圧範囲内での使用であれば、特性低下は小さく電気二重層キャパシタと同等程度の寿命を有し、長期にわたる安定使用が可能であるものの、この電圧範囲を超えてしまうと急速に劣化してしまう。このため使用に際しては電圧の監視と制御を行う必要がある。   On the other hand, the operating voltage range of the lithium ion capacitor is generally determined as described above, and if used within this voltage range, the characteristic degradation is small and the life is comparable to that of the electric double layer capacitor. Although stable use over a long period of time is possible, if the voltage range is exceeded, it will deteriorate rapidly. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor and control the voltage during use.

これに対し、現在リチウムイオン二次電池においても電圧の監視と制御が必要であり、そのために保護回路が標準的に搭載されている。これは二次電池が過充電や過放電となるといずれの場合も熱暴走につながり、発火・爆発に至る危険性があるためである。このため常時セル電圧を監視し過充電・過放電それぞれの場合に電界効果トランジスタを制御して主回路を遮断する方式がとられており、またセル電圧を監視するための手段として多種の論理回路などの素子を複雑に組み合わせて高精度な電圧検出と充放電の制御が行われている。   On the other hand, voltage monitoring and control are also required for lithium ion secondary batteries at present, and a protection circuit is standardly installed for this purpose. This is because if the secondary battery is overcharged or overdischarged, it will lead to thermal runaway in any case, and there is a risk of fire or explosion. Therefore, the cell voltage is constantly monitored and the main circuit is shut off by controlling the field effect transistor in each case of overcharge and overdischarge, and various logic circuits are used as means for monitoring the cell voltage. High-accuracy voltage detection and charge / discharge control are performed by combining such elements in a complicated manner.

リチウムイオンキャパシタの動作電圧範囲は、リチウムイオン二次電池と近い上限・下限電圧に設定されている。この動作電圧範囲を超過した場合、急速な特性低下さらには故障モードへの移行が生じる。このためセル電圧を監視する必要があるが、現状リチウムイオンキャパシタ用の電圧監視及び過充電・過放電保護用の専用ＩＣはなく、専用の充放電制御回路もない。   The operating voltage range of the lithium ion capacitor is set to an upper limit / lower limit voltage close to that of the lithium ion secondary battery. When this operating voltage range is exceeded, rapid characteristic degradation and a transition to a failure mode occur. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the cell voltage, but there is no dedicated IC for voltage monitoring and overcharge / overdischarge protection for current lithium ion capacitors, and no dedicated charge / discharge control circuit.

リチウムイオンキャパシタを過放電から保護する場合、リチウムイオン二次電池と動作電圧範囲が近いことから特許文献１のような二次電池用の過放電保護回路を適用することも電圧範囲を制御するという点では可能である。しかし各セルの電圧を監視して特定セルが過放電となった場合に警報を出力する、あるいはスイッチ手段を用いて主回路を遮断するといった方法をとると、直列接続をした段階ですでにセル間の電圧に差があった場合や特性の差によってセル間に電圧差が生じた場合には、設定した放電電圧に達する前に過放電が検出され十分に放電できないといった事態が生じる可能性がある。   When a lithium ion capacitor is protected from overdischarge, the operating voltage range is close to that of a lithium ion secondary battery, so applying an overdischarge protection circuit for a secondary battery as in Patent Document 1 also controls the voltage range. In terms, it is possible. However, if the voltage of each cell is monitored and a warning is output when a specific cell is over-discharged, or the main circuit is shut off using a switch means, the cell is already connected at the stage of series connection. If there is a difference in voltage between the cells, or if there is a voltage difference between cells due to a difference in characteristics, there is a possibility that an overdischarge will be detected before the set discharge voltage is reached and a sufficient discharge will not occur. is there.

このような電圧ばらつきを回避するために特許文献２のような電圧均等化回路を設けることが広く行われている。   In order to avoid such voltage variations, it is widely performed to provide a voltage equalizing circuit as in Patent Document 2.

特開２０００−１４０２５号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-14025 特開２００５−３１２１６１号公報JP-A-2005-312161

しかしながら、電圧ばらつきを回避するために特許文献２に記載されたような電圧均等化回路を設ける場合、電圧均等化回路はそれ自体でエネルギーを消費する場合が多く、設置に際しては過放電に至らせないようにしなくてはならない。   However, when a voltage equalization circuit such as that described in Patent Document 2 is provided in order to avoid voltage variations, the voltage equalization circuit often consumes energy by itself, leading to overdischarge during installation. I have to avoid it.

本発明はこのような問題を解決するものであって、エネルギーの損失を抑制することを可能としたリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device capable of suppressing energy loss.

上記の課題を解決するための第１の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、前記各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、充電時に隣接する前記リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、各前記リチウムイオンキャパシタセルにそれぞれ並列に接続された第１スイッチおよび分圧抵抗からなる多数の直列部とを有し、前記第１スイッチが、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、前記充放電主回路の充電電流によりオンオフ制御される第２スイッチから出力される信号に基づいて開閉を行うことを特徴とする。   A charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problems includes a plurality of lithium ion capacitor cells connected in series and a means for equalizing a voltage shared between the lithium ion capacitor cells. A charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell having a difference calculation circuit that monitors a voltage difference between adjacent lithium ion capacitor cells during charging and outputs a monitoring result, and each of the lithium ion capacitor cells A first switch connected in parallel and a plurality of series parts composed of a voltage dividing resistor, wherein the first switch is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and is turned on / off by a charge current of the charge / discharge main circuit Opening and closing is performed based on a signal output from the controlled second switch.

また、第２の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、第１の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置において、前記第１スイッチは、機械式または電磁式、又はフォトカプラであることを特徴とする。   The lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the second invention is the lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the first invention, wherein the first switch is a mechanical or electromagnetic type or a photocoupler. It is characterized by being.

また、第３の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、第１または第２の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置において、前記第２スイッチの信号は、前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され充電時に流れる主回路電流の有無によりオンオフ制御される第３スイッチの出力との論理積であることを特徴とする。   The lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the first or second aspect of the invention, wherein the signal of the second switch is the difference calculation circuit. It is a logical product of the output and the output of the third switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off depending on the presence / absence of a main circuit current flowing during charging.

また、第４の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、第１乃至第３のいずれかのリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置において、各前記セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかの前記セルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に前記電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、放電時、前記第４スイッチがオン出力である場合に警報を出力することを特徴とする。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charge / discharge device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to any one of the first to third lithium ion capacitor cells, wherein the voltage detector is connected in parallel to each of the cells. And a fourth switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and performs on-output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage of any one of the cells is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, When discharging, an alarm is output when the fourth switch is ON output.

また、第５の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、第１乃至第４のいずれかの発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置において、前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され前記充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチを有し、前記差分演算回路が放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力し、前記第５スイッチから出力される信号と、前記差分演算回路の出力との論理積に基づき警報出力を行うことを特徴とする。   A lithium ion capacitor cell charge / discharge device according to a fifth aspect of the invention is the lithium ion capacitor cell charge / discharge device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, which is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit. And a fifth switch that is on / off controlled by a discharge current of the charge / discharge main circuit, wherein the difference calculation circuit monitors a voltage difference between adjacent cells during discharge and outputs a monitoring result, from the fifth switch An alarm is output based on the logical product of the output signal and the output of the difference calculation circuit.

また、第６の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、前記各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され前記充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチとを有し、前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記第５スイッチから出力される信号との論理積に基づき警報出力を行うことを特徴とする。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell, comprising: a plurality of lithium ion capacitor cells connected in series; and a means for equalizing a shared voltage between the lithium ion capacitor cells. A charge / discharge device for a cell, a difference calculation circuit that monitors a voltage difference between adjacent cells during discharge and outputs a monitoring result, and a discharge current of the charge / discharge main circuit that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit And a fifth switch that is controlled to be turned on and off, and outputs an alarm based on a logical product of an output of the difference calculation circuit and a signal output from the fifth switch.

また、第７の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、第５又は第６の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置において、各前記セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかの前記セルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に前記電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、放電時、前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記第４スイッチの出力との論理積に基づいて警報出力を行うことを特徴とする。   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charge / discharge device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the voltage detector is connected in parallel to each of the cells. And a fourth switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and performs on-output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage of any one of the cells is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, At the time of discharging, an alarm output is performed based on a logical product of the output of the difference calculation circuit and the output of the fourth switch.

上述した第１の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、充電時に隣接するリチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、各リチウムイオンキャパシタセルにそれぞれ並列に接続された第１スイッチおよび分圧抵抗からなる多数の直列部とを有し、第１スイッチが、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、充放電主回路の充電電流によりオンオフ制御される第２スイッチから出力される信号に基づいて開閉を行うので、電圧均等化のためのリレースイッチをオンオフ制御する入力スイッチの動作電力を充放電主回路の充放電電流を直接利用することなく供給することができる。   According to the above-described charging / discharging device for lithium ion capacitor cells according to the first aspect of the invention, lithium ions having a large number of serially connected lithium ion capacitor cells and means for equalizing the voltage sharing between the lithium ion capacitor cells. A charging / discharging device for a capacitor cell, wherein a differential operation circuit that monitors a voltage difference between adjacent lithium ion capacitor cells during charging and outputs a monitoring result, and a first connected in parallel to each lithium ion capacitor cell The first switch is output from a second switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off by the charge current of the charge / discharge main circuit. The input switch that controls on / off of the relay switch for voltage equalization It can be supplied without using create power charging and discharging current of the charge and discharge main circuit directly.

上述した第２の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、第１スイッチは、機械式または電磁式、又はフォトカプラであるので、第一スイッチに常時電力を供給する必要がなく、エネルギーのロスを低減することができる。   According to the lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the second invention described above, since the first switch is a mechanical type, an electromagnetic type, or a photocoupler, it is not necessary to constantly supply power to the first switch. , Energy loss can be reduced.

上述した第３の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、第２スイッチの信号は、差分演算回路の出力と、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され充電時に流れる主回路電流の有無によりオンオフ制御される第３スイッチの出力との論理積であるので、充電時における隣接するセル間の電圧のばらつきを検出することができる。   According to the above-described charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the third aspect of the invention, the signal of the second switch includes the output of the difference calculation circuit and the main circuit current that is electrically insulated from the charging / discharging main circuit and flows during charging. Since this is a logical product with the output of the third switch that is controlled to be turned on / off by the presence or absence of voltage, it is possible to detect variations in voltage between adjacent cells during charging.

上述した第４の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、各セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかのセルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、放電時、第４スイッチがオン出力である場合に警報を出力するので、過度に早い過放電検出による装置の停止および高頻度のセル交換を回避でき、長期にわたって安定した使用が可能となる。   According to the lithium ion capacitor cell charge / discharge device according to the fourth invention described above, the voltage detector connected in parallel to each cell and the charge / discharge main circuit are electrically insulated from each other. A fourth switch that performs on-output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, and outputs an alarm when the fourth switch is on-output during discharge. It is possible to avoid device stoppage and frequent cell replacement due to early overdischarge detection, and stable use over a long period of time is possible.

上述した第５の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチを有し、差分演算回路が放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力し、第５スイッチから出力される信号と、差分演算回路の出力との論理積に基づき警報出力を行うので、放電時における隣接するセル間の電圧のばらつきを検出することができる。   According to the charging / discharging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell according to the fifth aspect described above, the fifth switch is electrically insulated from the charging / discharging main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off by the discharging current of the charging / discharging main circuit. Since the arithmetic circuit monitors the voltage difference between adjacent cells at the time of discharge and outputs the monitoring result, and outputs an alarm based on the logical product of the signal output from the fifth switch and the output of the difference arithmetic circuit, the discharge It is possible to detect voltage variations between adjacent cells at the time.

上述した第６の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチとを有し、差分演算回路の出力と、第５スイッチから出力される信号との論理積に基づき警報出力を行うので、放電時における隣接するセル間の電圧のばらつきを検出することができる。   According to the above-described charging / discharging device for lithium ion capacitor cells according to the sixth aspect of the invention, lithium ions having a large number of serially connected lithium ion capacitor cells and means for equalizing the shared voltage between the lithium ion capacitor cells A charge / discharge device for a capacitor cell, which monitors a voltage difference between adjacent cells during discharge and outputs a monitoring result; and a discharge current of the charge / discharge main circuit that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit And a fifth switch that is controlled to be turned on / off, and outputs an alarm based on the logical product of the output of the difference calculation circuit and the signal output from the fifth switch. Variations can be detected.

上述した第７の発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、各セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかのセルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、放電時、差分演算回路の出力と、第４スイッチの出力との論理積に基づいて警報出力を行うので、各セル間の電圧差の発生と放電状態の検出とを組み合わせることにより、キャパシタモジュール内の各セルの電圧状態（電圧ばらつきの発生）を充放電主回路の外部から確認することが可能になるとともに、キャパシタモジュール内の劣化セルおよび故障セルの存在を検出することが可能となる。   According to the charging / discharging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell according to the seventh aspect described above, the voltage detector connected in parallel to each cell and the charge / discharge main circuit are electrically insulated from each other. A fourth switch that performs ON output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, and is based on the logical product of the output of the difference calculation circuit and the output of the fourth switch during discharge Since the alarm output is performed, the voltage state of each cell in the capacitor module (occurrence of voltage variation) is confirmed from outside the charge / discharge main circuit by combining the generation of the voltage difference between the cells and the detection of the discharge state. It becomes possible to detect the presence of a deteriorated cell and a failed cell in the capacitor module.

本発明の実施例１に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の過放電警報回路を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the overdischarge alarm circuit of the charging / discharging apparatus of the lithium ion capacitor cell which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の過放電警報回路を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the overdischarge alarm circuit of the charging / discharging apparatus of the lithium ion capacitor cell which concerns on Example 2 of this invention.

以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の詳細について説明する。   Hereinafter, the details of the charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１を用いて本発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の第１の実施例を説明する。図１は本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の過放電警報回路の一例を示す回路図である。   A first embodiment of a charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an overdischarge alarm circuit of a charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the present embodiment.

図１に示すように、本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の充放電主回路において、電力の充放電を行う複数の蓄電素子としてのリチウムイオンキャパシタセル（以下、単にキャパシタセルという）Ｃ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎは直列に接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, in the charge / discharge main circuit of the charge / discharge device of the lithium ion capacitor cell according to this embodiment, lithium ion capacitor cells (hereinafter simply referred to as capacitor cells) as a plurality of power storage elements that charge and discharge power. ) C1, C2,..., Cn are connected in series.

そして、これら複数のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの正極（Ｐ）側に直列に、正極から負極（Ｎ）方向を導通方向とする第３スイッチとしてのフォトカプラＰＣ１の一次側、及び、負極から正極方向を導通方向とする第５スイッチとしてのフォトカプラＰＤ１の一次側が接続されている。   The primary side of the photocoupler PC1 as a third switch having a conduction direction from the positive electrode to the negative electrode (N) in series with the positive electrode (P) side of the plurality of capacitor cells C1, C2,. The primary side of the photocoupler PD1 is connected as a fifth switch whose conduction direction is from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

これらフォトカプラＰＣ１，ＰＤ１の一次側には直列に分圧抵抗ＲＣ，ＲＤがそれぞれ接続されている。さらに、フォトカプラＰＣ１の二次側は、入力が電源ＶＣＣ１に接続され、出力が二つの入力の論理積を出力する論理回路ＡＮＤ１の一方の入力に接続されている。フォトカプラＰＤ１の二次側は、入力が電源ＶＣＣ１に接続され、出力が二つの入力の論理積を出力する論理回路ＡＮＤ２の一方の入力に接続されている。   Voltage dividing resistors RC and RD are connected in series to the primary sides of the photocouplers PC1 and PD1, respectively. Further, the secondary side of the photocoupler PC1 has an input connected to the power supply VCC1, and an output connected to one input of a logic circuit AND1 that outputs a logical product of the two inputs. The secondary side of the photocoupler PD1 has an input connected to the power supply VCC1 and an output connected to one input of a logic circuit AND2 that outputs a logical product of the two inputs.

また、各キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎは、それぞれその両端が、内部にＡ／Ｄ変換器を備える差分演算回路１の入力に接続されている。差分演算回路１は二つの出力Ｃout，Ｄoutを有しており、これら出力Ｃout，Ｄoutがそれぞれ論理回路ＡＮＤ１，ＡＮＤ２の他方の入力に接続されている。論理回路ＡＮＤ１の出力は後述するフォトカプラＰＣ２の一次側入力に接続され、論理回路ＡＮＤ２の出力は警報Ｗ２を出力する警報出力手段に接続されている。   Each of the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn is connected at both ends to the input of the differential operation circuit 1 having an A / D converter therein. The differential operation circuit 1 has two outputs Cout and Dout, and these outputs Cout and Dout are connected to the other inputs of the logic circuits AND1 and AND2, respectively. The output of the logic circuit AND1 is connected to a primary side input of a photocoupler PC2 described later, and the output of the logic circuit AND2 is connected to alarm output means for outputting an alarm W2.

差分演算回路１は、各キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの両端の電圧を入力し、隣接するキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧差の演算を行う。そして、隣接するキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧差が０．２Ｖ以上になったときに出力ＣoutおよびＤoutからＨＩレベルに相当する信号を出力する。出力ＣoutおよびＤoutから出力される信号は、その後、隣接するキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧差が例えば０．０５Ｖ未満になったときはＬＯＷレベル相当に遷移する。   The difference calculation circuit 1 inputs voltages across the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn and calculates a voltage difference between adjacent capacitor cells C1, C2,. When the voltage difference between adjacent capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn becomes 0.2 V or more, a signal corresponding to the HI level is output from the outputs Cout and Dout. The signals output from the outputs Cout and Dout subsequently transition to the LOW level when the voltage difference between the adjacent capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn becomes less than 0.05V, for example.

さらに、各キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎには、電圧検出器Ｑ１，Ｑ２，…，Ｑｎと、第１スイッチとしてのリレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎ及び分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，Ｒｎがそれぞれ直列に接続されてなる直列部とがそれぞれ並列に接続されている。   Further, each capacitor cell C1, C2,..., Cn includes voltage detectors Q1, Q2,..., Qn, relays RY1, RY2,. A series portion formed by connecting Rn in series is connected in parallel.

各電圧検出器Ｑ１，Ｑ２，…，Ｑｎは制御信号の入力部がそれぞれフォトカプラＰ１，Ｐ２，…，Ｐｎの一次側に接続されている。フォトカプラＰ１，Ｐ２，…，Ｐｎの二次側は、それぞれ入力が電源ＶＣＣ２に接続され、出力がグラウンドに接続されている。さらに、これらフォトカプラＰ１，Ｐ２，…，Ｐｎと電源ＶＣＣ２の電源端との間に第４スイッチとしての警報出力用のフォトカプラＰＤ２の一次側が接続されている。フォトカプラＰＤ２の二次側は警報Ｗ１を出力する警報出力手段に接続されている。   Each of the voltage detectors Q1, Q2,..., Qn has a control signal input section connected to the primary side of the photocouplers P1, P2,. The secondary sides of the photocouplers P1, P2,..., Pn have their inputs connected to the power supply VCC2 and their outputs connected to the ground. Further, the primary side of the alarm output photocoupler PD2 as a fourth switch is connected between the photocouplers P1, P2,..., Pn and the power supply terminal of the power supply VCC2. The secondary side of the photocoupler PD2 is connected to alarm output means for outputting an alarm W1.

さらに、各リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎの電源入力は正極側が電源ＶＣＣ２に接続されており、負極側が第２スイッチとしてのフォトカプラＰＣ２の二次側を介してグラウンドに接続されている。フォトカプラＰＣ２の一次側は、入力が論理回路ＡＮＤ１の出力に接続され、出力がグラウンドに接続されている。   Further, the power input of each of the relays RY1, RY2,..., RYn is connected to the power supply VCC2 on the positive side and connected to the ground via the secondary side of the photocoupler PC2 as the second switch. The primary side of the photocoupler PC2 has an input connected to the output of the logic circuit AND1 and an output connected to the ground.

なお、リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎについてはフォトカプラに置き換えることも可能である。   Relays RY1, RY2,..., RYn can be replaced with photocouplers.

以下に、本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充電装置による作用効果について説明する。本実施例において、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの充電が行われるとき、主回路の正極から負極へ電流が流れる。このときフォトカプラＰＣ１は充電電流検出手段として動作する。   Below, the effect by the charging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell which concerns on a present Example is demonstrated. In this embodiment, when the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn are charged, a current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode of the main circuit. At this time, the photocoupler PC1 operates as charging current detection means.

詳しくは、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの充電が行われるとき、充電電流が分圧抵抗ＲＣを介して分流され、フォトカプラＰＣ１の一次側入力端に電流が印加される。これにより、フォトカプラＰＣ１の二次側がオンとなり、電源ＶＣＣ１から論理回路ＡＮＤ１へＨＩレベル相当の信号が入力される。   Specifically, when the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn are charged, the charging current is shunted through the voltage dividing resistor RC, and the current is applied to the primary side input terminal of the photocoupler PC1. As a result, the secondary side of the photocoupler PC1 is turned on, and a signal corresponding to the HI level is input from the power supply VCC1 to the logic circuit AND1.

ここで、充電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間のばらつきが０．２Ｖ未満である場合、差分演算回路１の出力ＣoutはＬＯＷレベルに相当するため、論理回路ＡＮＤ１の出力もＬＯＷレベル相当となる。この結果、フォトカプラＰＣ２の二次側はオフとなり、各リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎの電源入力端への電源ＶＣＣ２からの入力は遮断され、リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎはオープンとなる。   Here, when the variation among the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn at the time of charging is less than 0.2V, the output Cout of the difference calculation circuit 1 corresponds to the LOW level, so the output of the logic circuit AND1 is also LOW level. It will be considerable. As a result, the secondary side of the photocoupler PC2 is turned off, the input from the power supply VCC2 to the power input terminals of the relays RY1, RY2,..., RYn is cut off, and the relays RY1, RY2,. .

これに対し、充電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間のばらつきがもともと０．２Ｖ以上だった場合、もしくは充電中に０．２Ｖ以上になった場合は、差分演算回路１の出力ＣoutがＨＩレベル相当となり、これにより論理回路ＡＮＤ１の出力がＨＩレベル相当となる。その結果、フォトカプラＰＣ２の二次側がオンとなり、各リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎの電源入力端へ電源ＶＣＣ２から電源が供給され、リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎがオンとなる。これにより、各キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎにそれぞれ並列に接続された分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，Ｒｎの線路が導通するため、分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，ＲｎによりキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの電圧均等化が行われる。   On the other hand, if the variation among the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn at the time of charging is originally 0.2 V or more, or if it becomes 0.2 V or more during charging, the output Cout of the difference calculation circuit 1 Becomes equivalent to the HI level, whereby the output of the logic circuit AND1 becomes equivalent to the HI level. As a result, the secondary side of the photocoupler PC2 is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply VCC2 to the power input terminals of the relays RY1, RY2,..., RYn, and the relays RY1, RY2,. As a result, the lines of voltage dividing resistors R1, R2,..., Rn connected in parallel to the capacitor cells C1, C2,. Voltage equalization of C1, C2,..., Cn is performed.

その結果、次回の放電時にはキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの電圧が均等化された状態で放電を開始することができるため、相対的に低電圧方向にシフトしたキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎによる早々の過放電警報Ｗ２の出力、頻繁な過放電警報Ｗ２の発生を抑制することが可能となり、長期にわたる安定的な使用を継続することが可能となる。   As a result, the discharge can be started in the state where the voltages of the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn are equalized at the next discharge, so that the capacitor cells C1, C2,. , Cn, an early output of overdischarge alarm W2 and frequent occurrence of overdischarge alarm W2 can be suppressed, and stable use over a long period of time can be continued.

さらに、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの電圧均等化が進み、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧差が設定値以下となると、差分演算回路１の出力ＣoutがＬＯＷレベル相当となるため、論理回路ＡＮＤ１の出力がＬＯＷレベル相当となり、フォトカプラＰＣ２の二次側がオフとなって、リレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎの接点がオープンとなることから、分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，ＲｎによるキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎのエネルギーの消費を抑制することができる。   Furthermore, when the voltage equalization of the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn progresses, and the voltage difference between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. Therefore, the output of the logic circuit AND1 is equivalent to the LOW level, the secondary side of the photocoupler PC2 is turned off, and the contacts of the relays RY1, RY2,..., RYn are opened, so that the voltage dividing resistors R1, R2, ..., energy consumption of the capacitor cells C1, C2, ..., Cn by Rn can be suppressed.

また、特定のキャパシタセルＣｉ（１≦ｉ≦ｎ）の劣化や故障モードに伴い、このキャパシタセルＣｉと、隣接するキャパシタセル（例えば、C（ｉ＋１））との間に大きな電圧差が生じていた場合にはキャパシタセルＣｉ，C（ｉ＋１）間の電圧ばらつきが解消しきる前に電流が絞り込まれてしまうことが考えられる。この場合はフォトカプラＰＣ１の二次側がオフとなることから、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの電圧均等化が十分に行われる前にリレーＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎがオープンとなってしまうが、差分演算回路Sの出力ＣoutはＨＩレベルを維持するので次回の放電時にキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間に電圧のばらつきが残っていることを直ちに検出して過放電への対応を取ることが可能となり、また故障しているキャパシタセルＣｉの存在を早期に知ることも可能となる。   In addition, due to deterioration or failure mode of a specific capacitor cell Ci (1 ≦ i ≦ n), a large voltage difference is generated between this capacitor cell Ci and an adjacent capacitor cell (for example, C (i + 1)). In this case, it is conceivable that the current is narrowed before the voltage variation between the capacitor cells Ci and C (i + 1) is completely eliminated. In this case, since the secondary side of the photocoupler PC1 is turned off, the relays RY1, RY2,... RYn are opened before the voltage equalization of the capacitor cells C1, C2,. However, since the output Cout of the difference calculation circuit S maintains the HI level, it is immediately detected that the voltage variation remains between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. It is also possible to detect the presence of the failed capacitor cell Ci at an early stage.

また、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの放電が行われる場合、負極から正極へ電流が流れる。このときフォトカプラＰＤ１は放電電流検出手段として動作する。放電電流が分圧抵抗ＲＤを介して分流されフォトカプラＰＤ１の入力端に電流が印加される。これによりフォトカプラＰＤ１の二次側がオンとなり、電源ＶＣＣ１から論理回路ＡＮＤ２へＨＩレベル相当の信号が出力される。   Further, when the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn are discharged, a current flows from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. At this time, the photocoupler PD1 operates as a discharge current detection unit. The discharge current is divided through the voltage dividing resistor RD, and the current is applied to the input terminal of the photocoupler PD1. As a result, the secondary side of the photocoupler PD1 is turned on, and a signal corresponding to the HI level is output from the power supply VCC1 to the logic circuit AND2.

ここで、放電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のばらつきが０．２Ｖ未満の場合、差分演算回路１の出力ＤoutはＬＯＷレベルに相当するため、論理回路ＡＮＤ２の出力もＬＯＷレベル相当となる。これにより警報Ｗ２は出力されない。   Here, when the variation in voltage between the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn during discharge is less than 0.2V, the output Dout of the difference calculation circuit 1 corresponds to the LOW level, so the output of the logic circuit AND2 is also LOW. It is equivalent to the level. As a result, the alarm W2 is not output.

これに対し、放電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のばらつきが０．２Ｖ以上の場合、論理回路ＡＮＤ２の出力はＨＩレベル相当となり、論理回路ＡＮＤ２の出力を受けて電界効果トランジスタやフォトカプラを駆動させることにより、警報Ｗ２として外部に放電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のばらつきの発生を知らせることが可能となる。   On the other hand, when the variation in voltage between the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn during discharge is 0.2 V or more, the output of the logic circuit AND2 is equivalent to the HI level, and the field effect is received by receiving the output of the logic circuit AND2. By driving the transistors and photocouplers, it is possible to notify the outside of the occurrence of voltage variations among the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn during discharge as an alarm W2.

また、本実施例においては各電圧検出器Ｑ１，Ｑ２，…，Ｑｎの検出電圧をリチウムイオンキャパシタの下限電圧である２．２Ｖに設定する。これにより放電時に特定のキャパシタセルＣｉ（１≦ｉ≦ｎ）の電圧の下限が２．２Ｖに達した際には、このキャパシタセルＣｉに対応する電圧検出器Ｑｉ内部のトランジスタがオンとなることにより、この電圧検出器Ｑｉの出力端に接続されたフォトカプラＰｉの一次側に電流が流れ、二次側がオンとなる。   In this embodiment, the detection voltage of each voltage detector Q1, Q2,..., Qn is set to 2.2 V which is the lower limit voltage of the lithium ion capacitor. As a result, when the lower limit of the voltage of a specific capacitor cell Ci (1 ≦ i ≦ n) reaches 2.2 V during discharging, the transistor inside the voltage detector Qi corresponding to this capacitor cell Ci is turned on. Thus, a current flows through the primary side of the photocoupler Pi connected to the output terminal of the voltage detector Qi, and the secondary side is turned on.

一つのフォトカプラＰｉの二次側がオンとなると、電源ＶＣＣ２からフォトカプラＰｉの二次側を介して電流が流れるため、フォトカプラＰＤ２の一次側に電流が流れ、二次側がオンとなる。その結果、外部へ過放電についての警報Ｗ１を出力することができ、さらにフォトカプラＰＤ２の二次側出力と主回路のスイッチング手段（図示せず）を連携させることにより、過放電警報Ｗ１の出力と同時に主回路の遮断によるキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの保護が可能となる。   When the secondary side of one photocoupler Pi is turned on, a current flows from the power supply VCC2 through the secondary side of the photocoupler Pi. Therefore, a current flows to the primary side of the photocoupler PD2, and the secondary side is turned on. As a result, an overdischarge alarm W1 can be output to the outside, and the secondary discharge of the photocoupler PD2 and the switching means (not shown) of the main circuit are linked to output the overdischarge alarm W1. At the same time, the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn can be protected by interrupting the main circuit.

このように構成される本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、特定の条件下（充電時に隣接するキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧差が０．２Ｖ未満、放電時に各キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの電圧が２．２Ｖ以上）でのみ電圧均等化回路が導通する構成としたことにより、均等化不要時の分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，ＲｎによるキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎのエネルギーおよび充電に用いるエネルギーの損失の抑制、低電圧側にシフトしたキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎによる所定より短時間での過放電への到達の防止、及び、低電圧側にシフトしたキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎの存在による頻繁な過放電検出とこれによる装置の停止の防止が可能となる。   According to the lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the voltage difference between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. The voltage equalizing circuit is conductive only in the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn having a voltage of 2.2 V or more at the time of discharging, so that the voltage dividing resistors R1, R2,. Reducing the energy of the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn and energy used for charging by Rn, reaching the overdischarge in a shorter time than the predetermined by the capacitor cells C1, C2,. , And frequent overdischarge detection due to the presence of the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn shifted to the low voltage side, and the stop of the apparatus due to this can be prevented.

図２を用いて本発明に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の第２の実施例を説明する。図２は本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の過放電警報回路の一例を示す回路図である。   A second embodiment of the lithium ion capacitor cell charge / discharge device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an overdischarge alarm circuit of the charge / discharge device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to the present embodiment.

本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置は、図１に示し上述したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置の過放電警報回路に図２に示す論理積を出力する論理回路ＡＮＤ３を追加したものである。   In the charging / discharging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell according to the present embodiment, a logic circuit AND3 that outputs a logical product shown in FIG. 2 is added to the overdischarge alarm circuit of the charging / discharging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell shown in FIG. Is.

図２に示すように、本実施例において、差分演算回路１からの出力Ｄoutと、フォトカプラＰＤ２の二次側出力とが、論理回路ＡＮＤ３の入力に接続され、この論理回路ＡＮＤ３の出力が警報Ｗ３を出力する警報出力手段に接続されている。その他の構成は図１に示し上述した構成と概ね同様であり、以下、同一の作用を奏する部材については同一の符合を付して重複する説明は省略し、異なる点を中心に説明する。なお、実施例１において説明したように、電圧検出器Ｑ１，Ｑ２，…，Ｑｎの出力によりフォトカプラＰ１，Ｐ２，…，Ｐｎの一次側に電流が流れて二次側がオンとなることで、フォトカプラＰＤ２の一次側に電流が流れ、これによりフォトカプラＰＤ２の二次側がオンとなる。   As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the output Dout from the differential operation circuit 1 and the secondary side output of the photocoupler PD2 are connected to the input of the logic circuit AND3, and the output of the logic circuit AND3 is an alarm. It is connected to alarm output means for outputting W3. The other configuration is substantially the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1 and described above. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are given to members having the same action, and overlapping description is omitted, and different points will be mainly described. As described in the first embodiment, the current flows to the primary side of the photocouplers P1, P2,..., Pn by the output of the voltage detectors Q1, Q2,. A current flows through the primary side of the photocoupler PD2, thereby turning on the secondary side of the photocoupler PD2.

以下に、本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充電装置による作用効果について説明する。本実施例においては、論理回路ＡＮＤ３を追加したことにより、放電時に、過放電の検出信号とキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のばらつきの有無の信号との組み合わせに基づいて警報Ｗ３を出力することができる。即ち、本実施例では、キャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間に電圧のばらつきがあり、かつ、電圧検知器Ｑｉからの出力によりフォトカプラＰｉを介してフォトカプラＰＤ２の二次側がオンとなって論理回路ＡＮＤ３に過放電検出の出力としてＨＩレベル相当の信号が入力されたときに、警報Ｗ１および警報Ｗ３が出力されることとなる。これは、電圧均等化回路によってキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のばらつきが解消されない状態で過放電に達したことを示している。これにより、キャパシタセルＣｉが著しく劣化した、あるいは故障モードとなっていることを検出することが可能となる。   Below, the effect by the charging device of the lithium ion capacitor cell which concerns on a present Example is demonstrated. In this embodiment, by adding the logic circuit AND3, at the time of discharging, an alarm W3 based on a combination of an overdischarge detection signal and a signal indicating whether or not there is voltage variation between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. Can be output. That is, in this embodiment, there is a variation in voltage between the capacitor cells C1, C2,..., Cn, and the secondary side of the photocoupler PD2 is turned on via the photocoupler Pi by the output from the voltage detector Qi. Thus, when a signal corresponding to the HI level is input to the logic circuit AND3 as an output of overdischarge detection, the alarm W1 and the alarm W3 are output. This indicates that overdischarge has been reached in a state in which the voltage variation between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. This makes it possible to detect that the capacitor cell Ci has deteriorated significantly or is in a failure mode.

このように構成された本実施例に係るリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置によれば、実施例１の効果に加えて、充電時のキャパシタセルＣ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ間の電圧のバラツキの検出が維持されることにより、劣化または故障したキャパシタセルＣｉを早期に発見することが可能となるという効果が得られる。   According to the lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device according to the present embodiment configured as described above, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the variation in voltage between the capacitor cells C1, C2,. By maintaining the detection, there is an effect that it is possible to find a capacitor cell Ci that has deteriorated or failed at an early stage.

本発明は、複数のセルが直列接続されたリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの過放電装置に適用して好適なものである。   The present invention is suitable for application to an overdischarge device of a lithium ion capacitor cell in which a plurality of cells are connected in series.

１ 差分演算回路
Ｃ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎ キャパシタセル
ＶＣＣ１，ＶＣＣ２ 電源
ＲＣ，ＲＤ 分圧抵抗
Ｒ１，Ｒ２，…，Ｒｎ 分圧抵抗
ＰＣ１，ＰＣ２，ＰＤ１，ＰＤ２ フォトカプラ
Ｐ１，Ｐ２，…，Ｐｎ フォトカプラ
Ｑ１，Ｑ２，…，Ｑｎ 電圧検出器
ＲＹ１，ＲＹ２，…，ＲＹｎ リレー
ＡＮＤ１，ＡＮＤ２，ＡＮＤ３ 論理回路
Ｗ１，Ｗ２，Ｗ３ 警報 1 Difference operation circuit C1, C2,..., Cn Capacitor cell VCC1, VCC2 Power supply RC, RD Voltage dividing resistor R1, R2,..., Rn Voltage dividing resistor PC1, PC2, PD1, PD2 Photocoupler P1, P2,. Couplers Q1, Q2, ..., Qn Voltage detectors RY1, RY2, ..., RYn Relay AND1, AND2, AND3 Logic circuit W1, W2, W3 Alarm

Claims (7)

多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、前記各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、
充電時に隣接する前記リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、
各前記リチウムイオンキャパシタセルにそれぞれ並列に接続された第１スイッチおよび分圧抵抗からなる多数の直列部とを有し、
前記第１スイッチが、充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、前記充放電主回路の充電電流によりオンオフ制御される第２スイッチから出力される信号に基づいて開閉を行う
ことを特徴とするリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 A lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device comprising a number of serially connected lithium ion capacitor cells and means for equalizing the voltage shared between the lithium ion capacitor cells,
A difference calculation circuit that monitors a voltage difference between adjacent lithium ion capacitor cells during charging and outputs a monitoring result; and
A first switch connected in parallel to each of the lithium ion capacitor cells and a number of series parts consisting of voltage dividing resistors;
The first switch is electrically insulated from a charge / discharge main circuit and opens and closes based on a signal output from a second switch that is on / off controlled by a charge current of the charge / discharge main circuit. Charge / discharge device for ion capacitor cell. 前記第１スイッチは、機械式または電磁式、又はフォトカプラである
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 2. The charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is a mechanical type, an electromagnetic type, or a photocoupler. 前記第２スイッチの信号は、前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され充電時に流れる主回路電流の有無によりオンオフ制御される第３スイッチの出力との論理積である
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 The signal of the second switch is a logical product of the output of the difference calculation circuit and the output of the third switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off depending on the presence / absence of the main circuit current flowing during charging. The charge / discharge device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to claim 1, wherein the charge / discharge device is a lithium ion capacitor cell. 各前記セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、
前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかの前記セルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に前記電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、
放電時、前記第４スイッチがオン出力である場合に警報を出力する
ことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 A voltage detector connected in parallel to each of the cells;
A fourth switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and performs on-output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage of any of the cells is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage;
The charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an alarm is output when the fourth switch is ON output during discharging. 前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され前記充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチを有し、
前記差分演算回路が放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力し、
前記第５スイッチから出力される信号と、前記差分演算回路の出力との論理積に基づき警報出力を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか１項に記載のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 A fifth switch electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off by a discharge current of the charge / discharge main circuit;
The difference calculation circuit monitors the voltage difference between adjacent cells at the time of discharge and outputs a monitoring result,
The lithium ion capacitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an alarm output is performed based on a logical product of a signal output from the fifth switch and an output of the difference calculation circuit. Cell charging / discharging device. 多数直列に接続したリチウムイオンキャパシタセルと、前記各リチウムイオンキャパシタセル間の分担電圧を均等化する手段とを有するリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置であって、
放電時の隣接セル間の電圧差を監視して監視結果を出力する差分演算回路と、
充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され前記充放電主回路の放電電流によりオンオフ制御される第５スイッチとを有し、
前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記第５スイッチから出力される信号との論理積に基づき警報出力を行う
ことを特徴とするリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 A lithium ion capacitor cell charging / discharging device comprising a number of serially connected lithium ion capacitor cells and means for equalizing the voltage shared between the lithium ion capacitor cells,
A differential arithmetic circuit that monitors the voltage difference between adjacent cells during discharge and outputs the monitoring result; and
A fifth switch electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and controlled to be turned on / off by a discharge current of the charge / discharge main circuit;
An alarm output is performed based on a logical product of an output of the difference calculation circuit and a signal output from the fifth switch. 各前記セルにそれぞれ並列に接続された電圧検出器と、
前記充放電主回路と電気的に絶縁され、いずれかの前記セルの電圧が所定電圧以下の場合に前記電圧検出器から出力される信号に基づきオン出力を行う第４スイッチとを備え、
放電時、前記差分演算回路の出力と、前記第４スイッチの出力との論理積に基づいて警報出力を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項５又は請求項６記載のリチウムイオンキャパシタセルの充放電装置。 A voltage detector connected in parallel to each of the cells;
A fourth switch that is electrically insulated from the charge / discharge main circuit and performs on-output based on a signal output from the voltage detector when the voltage of any of the cells is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage;
7. The charging / discharging device for a lithium ion capacitor cell according to claim 5, wherein an alarm output is performed based on a logical product of an output of the difference calculation circuit and an output of the fourth switch during discharging. .
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