JP2010275711A - Earthquake-resistant structure and earthquake-proof construction method - Google Patents

Earthquake-resistant structure and earthquake-proof construction method Download PDF

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JP2010275711A
JP2010275711A JP2009126876A JP2009126876A JP2010275711A JP 2010275711 A JP2010275711 A JP 2010275711A JP 2009126876 A JP2009126876 A JP 2009126876A JP 2009126876 A JP2009126876 A JP 2009126876A JP 2010275711 A JP2010275711 A JP 2010275711A
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earthquake
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resistant structure
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JP4665041B2 (en
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Yoshikazu Oba
喜和 大場
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an earthquake-resistant structure and an earthquake-proof construction method for preventing the occurrence of victims by earthquake disaster by ensuring a space allowing persons to survive and a clearance enabling persons to breathe within a building even if the building is damaged due to an earthquake. <P>SOLUTION: In these earthquake-resistant structure and earthquake-proof construction method, partitioning walls inside the building are removed, and metallic bookshelves and article shelves for supporting self-weight of the building at upper stories are arranged in parts exclusively for them in the building to partition its inside into each room when the structural skeletons of the building are damaged due to the occurrence of earthquake. A shape holding member for connecting a plurality of bookshelves or the like is mounted to hold the layout of the arranged metallic bookshelves and article shelves. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は建物の耐震構造体及び耐震工法に係り、特に、地震により建物が損壊した場合にも、その建物内に生存可能な空間や呼吸可能な空隙を必要な短期間だけ確保することができる構造体、及び工法に関する。   The present invention relates to a seismic structure of a building and a seismic construction method, and in particular, even when a building is damaged due to an earthquake, it is possible to ensure a viable space and a breathable air gap in the building only for a necessary short period. The present invention relates to a structure and a construction method.

阪神淡路大震災において、死者の死因の大部分は、窒息、圧死であったと報告されている。このことから、地震の揺れにより建物が倒壊、損壊した後においても、その建物内に生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙などの最小限の空間が、地震時の生存可能限界といわれている７２時間にわたって確保することできれば、人的被害が大きく抑制されると考えられている。   In the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, it was reported that most of the causes of death were suffocation and crushing. From this, even after a building collapses or breaks down due to an earthquake, the minimum space such as a living space or breathable air gap in the building is said to be the survivable limit at the time of an earthquake for 72 hours. If it can be secured, human damage is considered to be greatly suppressed.

近年、新耐震設計法以前に設計された既存建物の耐震診断により、強度不足が認められた建物の耐震補強に関して、種々の提案がなされている。しかしながら、既存建物の耐震補強は、１棟の建物全体を対象に補強する工法が一般的であり、補強のための構造設計から補強工事まで実施するとなると、規模も費用も大きくなることが多い。また、集合住宅においては、耐震補強工事を行うために各居住者の合意形成が必要である。そのため、特に集合住宅においては、耐震補強工事がスムーズに行われていないのが実情である。   In recent years, various proposals have been made for seismic reinforcement of buildings that have been found to be insufficient in strength by seismic diagnosis of existing buildings designed before the new seismic design method. However, seismic reinforcement of an existing building is generally a method of reinforcing the entire building, and when it is carried out from structural design for reinforcement to reinforcement work, the scale and cost often increase. In addition, in condominiums, it is necessary for each resident to form an agreement in order to perform seismic reinforcement work. Therefore, the actual situation is that the seismic reinforcement work has not been carried out smoothly, especially in apartment buildings.

特許文献１には、鉄筋コンクリート造躯体の開口部内周面に沿わせて、四角形状の枠体を形成し、その枠体内にブレースを設けた鉄筋コンクリート造躯体開口部の耐震補強方法が開示されている。   Patent Document 1 discloses a method for seismic reinforcement of a reinforced concrete structure opening in which a rectangular frame is formed along the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the reinforced concrete structure and braces are provided in the frame. .

特開平２−１２８０３５号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-128035

しかしながら、特許文献１に開示された鉄筋コンクリート造躯体開口部の耐震補強工法は、建物の躯体と枠体等の補強部材との一体化がアンカーボルト等で行われる工法であり、１棟の建物単位での施工が前提となる。また、枠体やブレース等の補強部材の設置により、
居住者の日常生活に支障が生じ、その結果、居住者に不快感を与えることもある。 However, the seismic reinforcement method for the opening of the reinforced concrete structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method in which the building frame and the reinforcement member such as a frame are integrated with anchor bolts, etc. Construction is the premise. Also, by installing reinforcing members such as frames and braces,
The resident's daily life may be hindered, resulting in discomfort to the resident.

本発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、地震により建物が倒壊、損壊した後においても、その建物内に生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙など、生存可能な最小限環境が確保でき、震災による犠牲者の発生を抑制する耐震構造体、及び耐震工法を提供することを目的とする。また、集合住宅において、例えば各住戸の専用部分単位で耐震工事が施工できる耐震構造体、及び耐震工法を提供することも他の目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such problems. Even after a building collapses or is damaged by an earthquake, the minimum survivable space such as a living space or a breathable air gap in the building can be obtained. The object is to provide an earthquake-resistant structure and an earthquake-resistant construction method that can secure the environment and suppress the occurrence of victims due to the earthquake. Another object of the present invention is to provide an earthquake-resistant structure and an earthquake-resistant construction method capable of performing earthquake-resistant construction in units of dedicated units of each dwelling unit, for example.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第１の観点に係る耐震構造体は、建物の専用部分に室内設備あるいは間仕切りとして複数箇所に配置され、地震発生により建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材と、複数の金属製鉛直支持材間を接続し、該金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持する形状保持材と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the seismic structure according to the first aspect of the present invention is arranged at a plurality of locations as indoor facilities or partitions in a dedicated part of the building, and when the structural frame of the building is damaged by the occurrence of an earthquake, A metal vertical support material that supports the weight of the upper building, and a shape holding material that connects the plurality of metal vertical support materials and holds the arrangement form of the metal vertical support materials, To do.

また、上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第２の観点に係る耐震構造体は、建物の専用部分の内部の壁体に沿って配置され、地震発生により建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材と、複数の金属製鉛直支持材間を接続し、該金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持する形状保持材と、を備えることを特徴とする。   Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the earthquake-resistant structure which concerns on the 2nd viewpoint of this invention is arrange | positioned along the wall body inside the exclusive part of a building, and when the structural frame of a building is damaged by the occurrence of an earthquake, A metal vertical support material that supports the weight of the upper-layer building, and a shape maintaining material that connects between the plurality of metal vertical support materials and holds the arrangement form of the metal vertical support materials. And

鉛直支持材は、金属製の書架、物品棚、あるいは間仕切りから構成されていてもよい。   The vertical support member may be composed of a metal bookshelf, an article shelf, or a partition.

また、建物の専用部分に配置されて、立体格子状に構築されて収納空間を形成するフレーム構造体をさらに備えてもよい。   Moreover, you may further provide the frame structure which is arrange | positioned at the exclusive part of a building and is constructed | assembled in the solid grid | lattice form, and forms storage space.

また、形状保持材は、間隔をあけて配置された複数の金属製鉛直支持材を連結する連結材を備えてもよい。   In addition, the shape maintaining material may include a connecting material that connects a plurality of metal vertical support materials arranged at intervals.

また、形状保持材は、建物の室内空間を取り囲むように配置された複数の金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を対角に横切るように設置されたブレース材をさらに備えてもよい。   The shape maintaining material may further include a brace material installed so as to diagonally cross the arrangement form of the plurality of metal vertical support materials arranged so as to surround the indoor space of the building.

また、形状保持材は、隣接して配置された金属製鉛直支持材の交差部を補強するコーナー補強材をさらに備えてもよい。   In addition, the shape maintaining material may further include a corner reinforcing material that reinforces the intersecting portion of the metal vertical support materials arranged adjacent to each other.

また、上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第１の観点に係る耐震工法は、建物の専用部分の間仕切りを撤去する工程と、地震発生により建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材を、建物の専用部分に配置して各部屋に間仕切る工程と、金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持するために、複数の金属製鉛直支持材を接続する形状保持材を取付ける工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。   Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the seismic construction method which concerns on the 1st viewpoint of this invention is the process of removing the partition of the exclusive part of a building, and when the structural frame of a building is damaged by the occurrence of an earthquake, an upper-layer building In order to keep the metal vertical support material supporting the weight of the metal in a dedicated part of the building and partitioning it into each room, and to maintain the arrangement form of the metal vertical support material, a plurality of metal vertical support materials are used. And a step of attaching a shape-retaining material to be connected.

また、上記目的を達成するため、本発明の第２の観点に係る耐震工法は、地震発生により建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材を、建物の間仕切りに沿って配置する工程と、金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持するために、複数の金属製鉛直支持材を接続する形状保持材を取付ける工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the seismic construction method according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a metal vertical support material that supports the weight of the upper building when the structural frame of the building is damaged by the occurrence of an earthquake. A step of arranging along a partition of the building, and a step of attaching a shape holding material for connecting a plurality of metal vertical support members in order to hold the arrangement form of the metal vertical support members. .

以上のように、本発明によれば、地震により建物が倒壊、損壊した後においても、その建物内に生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙など、生存可能な最小限環境が確保でき、震災による犠牲者の発生を抑制する耐震構造体、及び耐震工法を提供することができる。また、集合住宅において、各住戸の専用部分単位で耐震工事が施工できる耐震構造体、及び耐震工法を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, even after a building collapses or is damaged by an earthquake, it is possible to secure a minimum viable environment such as a living space or a breathable air gap in the building, and sacrifice due to the earthquake disaster. It is possible to provide an earthquake-resistant structure and an earthquake-resistant construction method that suppress generation of a person. In addition, in an apartment house, it is possible to provide an earthquake-resistant structure and an earthquake-resistant construction method capable of performing earthquake-proof construction in units of dedicated units of each dwelling unit.

本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体の斜視図。The perspective view of the earthquake-proof structure concerning the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体を構成するスチールラックの斜視図。The perspective view of the steel rack which comprises the earthquake-resistant structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図２中の“ＩＩＩ”で示した部位の拡大図。The enlarged view of the site | part shown by "III" in FIG. 本実施形態に係る耐震構造体を施工する前の集合住宅の一住戸の専用部分を示した平面図。The top view which showed the exclusive part of the dwelling unit of the apartment house before constructing the earthquake-resistant structure which concerns on this embodiment. 一住戸の専用部分全体に、本願実施形態に係る耐震構造体を施工した場合の一例を示した平面図。The top view which showed an example at the time of constructing the earthquake-resistant structure which concerns on this embodiment on the whole exclusive part of one dwelling unit. 一住戸の専用部分の一部に、本願実施形態に係る耐震構造体を施工した場合の一例を示した平面図。The top view which showed an example at the time of constructing the earthquake-resistant structure which concerns on this-application embodiment in a part of exclusive part of one dwelling unit.

以下、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体の構成について、図１乃至図３を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体の斜視図を示している。なお、本実施形態では、集合住宅の一住戸の専用部分に耐震構造体を導入した場合について説明する。   Hereinafter, the structure of the earthquake-resistant structure according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a seismic structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, this embodiment demonstrates the case where an earthquake-resistant structure is introduced into the exclusive part of the dwelling unit of an apartment house.

図１に示す耐震構造体１は、３基のスチールラック１０と、間隔をあけて配置されたスチールラック１０を接続する４本の連結材１１と、複数の金属製の条材により組み立てられたフレーム構造体１２と、耐震構造体１の上部および下部で交差するように、スチールラック１０及びフレーム構造体１２に端部が取り付けられた上ブレース材１３及び下ブレース材１４と、端部をスチールラック１０の外面（背面）及びフレーム構造体１２の外側面（耐震構造体１の背面）に対角に取付けられた背面ブレース材１５と、平面視して矩形状に構築された耐震構造体１の隅角部を補強するコーナー補強材１６と、を備えている。   The seismic structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 is assembled by three steel racks 10, four connecting members 11 connecting the steel racks 10 arranged at intervals, and a plurality of metal strips. The frame structure 12, the upper brace material 13 and the lower brace material 14 having ends attached to the steel rack 10 and the frame structure 12 so as to intersect at the upper part and the lower part of the earthquake-resistant structure 1, and the end parts are made of steel The back brace material 15 diagonally attached to the outer surface (back surface) of the rack 10 and the outer surface (back surface of the earthquake resistant structure 1) of the frame structure 12, and the earthquake resistant structure 1 constructed in a rectangular shape in plan view And a corner reinforcing member 16 for reinforcing the corners of the corner.

上述した耐震構造体１を構成するこれらの部材は、例えば、集合住宅等の間仕切り壁や、住宅用の部品などの、いわゆる集合住宅の内装部分として機能する。また、これらの部材は、導入される居住空間のおおよそ床から天井までの高さを有し、地震が発生し建物の柱等が圧壊した場合に、耐震構造体１の導入階よりも上層の建物の荷重を支持し、居住者の生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙を確保する。   These members constituting the earthquake-resistant structure 1 described above function as an interior part of a so-called apartment house, such as a partition wall of an apartment house or a part for a house. In addition, these members have a height from the floor to the ceiling of the living space to be introduced, and when an earthquake occurs and the pillars of the building are crushed, they are higher than the floor where the earthquake resistant structure 1 is introduced. Support building loads and ensure occupant living space and breathable air gaps.

図２は、耐震構造体１を構成する金属製鉛直支持材としてのスチールラック１０の斜視図を示している。スチールラック１０は、例えば、ＪＩＳ規格に適合した書架や物品棚であり、居住空間のおおよそ床から天井までの高さを有している。スチールラック１０は、建物の壁体に沿って設置され、また、間仕切りとして利用できる。なお、既製のスチールラック１０は、収納する物品に応じて多種多様なものが提供されている。居住者は、多種多様な既製のスチールラック１０の中から、使用目的に応じて自由に選択することが可能である。また、スチールラック１０以外にも、所定壁厚のパーティション（間仕切り壁）も金属製鉛直支持材として用いることができる。   FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a steel rack 10 as a metal vertical support member constituting the earthquake resistant structure 1. The steel rack 10 is, for example, a bookshelf or an article shelf that conforms to JIS standards, and has a height from the floor to the ceiling of the living space. The steel rack 10 is installed along the wall of a building and can be used as a partition. A variety of ready-made steel racks 10 are provided according to the articles to be stored. The resident can freely select from a variety of ready-made steel racks 10 according to the purpose of use. In addition to the steel rack 10, a partition (partition wall) having a predetermined wall thickness can also be used as a metal vertical support material.

また、スチールラック１０は、設置階の建物の柱等が地震により圧壊した場合に、上層の建物の荷重を支持する。この上層の建物の荷重は、主にスチールラック１０の四隅に配された４本の支柱１０ａ、スチールラック１０を構成する側板１０ｂ、及びスチールラックの背板（不図示）により支持される。そのため、スチールラック１０の選定にあたっては、居住者の使用目的に応じたスチールラックという条件だけではなく、スチールラックが上層の建物の荷重を支持した際に、少なくとも地震時の生存限界時間（７２時間）の間、生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙が確保されることが条件となる。なお、地震により耐震構造体１には水平力が作用するが、上述した上ブレース材１３やコーナー補強材１６等が取り付けられることで、耐震構造体１の初期形状は保持される。そのため、居住者の生存空間等を確保するためには、上層の建物の自重に耐え得るスチールラックが選定される。   Further, the steel rack 10 supports the load of the upper building when the pillars of the building on the installation floor are crushed by an earthquake. The load of the upper building is mainly supported by four columns 10a arranged at the four corners of the steel rack 10, side plates 10b constituting the steel rack 10, and a back plate (not shown) of the steel rack. Therefore, in selecting the steel rack 10, not only the condition of the steel rack according to the resident's purpose of use, but also the survival time (at least 72 hours at the time of an earthquake) when the steel rack supports the load of the upper building. ), A living space and a breathable space are required. In addition, although a horizontal force acts on the seismic structure 1 by an earthquake, the initial shape of the seismic structure 1 is maintained by attaching the upper brace material 13 and the corner reinforcing material 16 described above. Therefore, in order to secure the living space of the occupants, a steel rack that can withstand the weight of the upper building is selected.

なお、スチールラック１０の天端と天井との間に隙間が生じる場合には、この隙間にゴム板１７が挿入される。これにより、スチールラック１０は、上層の建物の荷重がスチールラック１０にスムーズに伝達されるとともに、隙間からの音漏れを防止することができる。   In addition, when a clearance gap arises between the ceiling end of the steel rack 10, and a ceiling, the rubber plate 17 is inserted in this clearance gap. As a result, the steel rack 10 can smoothly transmit the load of the upper building to the steel rack 10 and prevent sound leakage from the gap.

上ブレース材１３、及び下ブレース材１４（以下、上ブレース材１３及び下ブレース材１４を区別しない場合は、単にブレース材と記載する）は、例えば、鋼より線製のワイヤーロープから構成されている。図１に示すように、２本の上ブレース材１３は、矩形状に形成された耐震構造体１の上部で交差するように、それぞれの端部が耐震構造体１の上部固定部に取り付けられている。同様に２本の下ブレース材１４は、耐震構造体１の下部で交差するように、それぞれの端部が耐震構造体１の下部固定部に取り付けられている。これらのブレース材は、地震の揺れにより両端部の距離を広げようとする引張力に抵抗して、矩形状に構築された耐震構造体１の形状を保持する。これにより、耐震構造体１は、初期形状の状態で上層の建物の荷重を支持することができる。なお、ブレース材の材質としては、鋼線ワイヤーロープの他、高強度合成樹脂ロープ、炭素繊維製ワイヤなど、所定強度が確保できる各種引張材が適用できる。   The upper brace material 13 and the lower brace material 14 (hereinafter simply described as the brace material when the upper brace material 13 and the lower brace material 14 are not distinguished from each other) are composed of wire ropes made of steel, for example. Yes. As shown in FIG. 1, the two upper brace members 13 are attached to the upper fixing portion of the seismic structure 1 so that the two upper brace members 13 intersect at the upper part of the seismic structure 1 formed in a rectangular shape. ing. Similarly, the two lower brace members 14 are attached to the lower fixing portion of the seismic structure 1 so that the ends of the two lower brace members 14 intersect at the lower part of the seismic structure 1. These brace materials maintain the shape of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 constructed in a rectangular shape by resisting a tensile force that tends to increase the distance between both ends due to the shaking of the earthquake. Thereby, the earthquake-resistant structure 1 can support the load of the upper-layer building in the state of the initial shape. In addition, as a material of the brace material, various tensile materials that can ensure a predetermined strength such as a high strength synthetic resin rope and a carbon fiber wire can be applied in addition to the steel wire rope.

本実施形態では、背面ブレース材１５も、上述したブレース材と同様に、例えば、ワイヤーロープから構成されている。図１に示すように、２本の背面ブレース材１５は、それぞれの端部がスチールラック１０やフレーム構造体１２の背面や側面（耐震構造体１の外面）の角部に取り付けられ、２本の背面ブレース材が交差するように取り付けられている。背面ブレース材１５は、地震の揺れによるスチールラック１０やフレーム構造体１２の変形を防止する。   In this embodiment, the back brace material 15 is also comprised, for example from the wire rope like the brace material mentioned above. As shown in FIG. 1, the two rear brace members 15 are attached to the corners of the rear and side surfaces (outer surface of the earthquake-resistant structure 1) of the steel rack 10 and the frame structure 12. The back brace material is attached so that it crosses. The back brace material 15 prevents the deformation of the steel rack 10 and the frame structure 12 due to the shaking of the earthquake.

連結材１１は、例えば、ＪＩＳ規格に適合した山形鋼や溝形鋼等の各種形鋼から構成されている。図１に示すように、連結材１１は、間隔をあけて設置された２基のスチールラック１０を上部で２本、下部で２本の合計４本で接続している。なお、スチールラック１０には連結材１１とボルト連結するためのボルト孔（不図示）が形成されている。このように、連結材１１が２基のスチールラック１０を連結することにより、矩形状に構築された耐震構造体１の形状が強固に保持される。そして、間隔をあけて配されたスチールラック間を連結材１１で接続することで、耐震構造体１には出入用の開口２５が形成される。この開口２５にドア（不図示）を取り付けることで、耐震構造体１に囲まれた生存空間となる一居室を形成することができる。   The connecting material 11 is made of various shape steels such as angle steels and groove steels conforming to JIS standards, for example. As shown in FIG. 1, the connecting member 11 connects two steel racks 10 installed at a distance from each other by a total of four, two at the top and two at the bottom. The steel rack 10 is formed with bolt holes (not shown) for connecting the connecting material 11 and bolts. Thus, when the connecting material 11 connects the two steel racks 10, the shape of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 constructed in a rectangular shape is firmly held. And the opening 25 for entrance / exit is formed in the earthquake-resistant structure 1 by connecting between the steel racks arrange | positioned at intervals by the connection material 11. By attaching a door (not shown) to the opening 25, a living room serving as a living space surrounded by the earthquake-resistant structure 1 can be formed.

コーナー補強材１６も、山形鋼や溝形鋼等の形鋼から構成されている。コーナー補強材１６は、図２に示すように、矩形状に形成された耐震構造体１の隅角部に取り付けられ、矩形状に構築された耐震構造体１の形状を保持する。なお、コーナー補強材１６は、設計上不要な場合には省略できる。   The corner reinforcing member 16 is also made of a shape steel such as an angle steel or a channel steel. As shown in FIG. 2, the corner reinforcing member 16 is attached to a corner portion of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 formed in a rectangular shape, and holds the shape of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 constructed in a rectangular shape. The corner reinforcing material 16 can be omitted when it is not necessary in design.

フレーム構造体１２は、例えば、山形鋼等の形鋼が立体格子状に組み立てられ、図示しない天板、背板、側板、及び棚板等が取り付けられている。このようにして組み立てられたフレーム構造体１２の内部には空間が形成される。居住者は、この空間を布団や衣服等を収納するための収納空間として利用することができる。また、意匠上の観点から、フレーム構造体１２や各棚には扉等を取付けることができる。なお、フレーム構造体１２は、隣接するスチールラック１０と、図示しないボルトで連結されている。そして、フレーム構造体１２は、スチールラック１０とともに、上層の建物の荷重を支持する。   As for the frame structure 12, shape steel, such as angle iron, is assembled in the shape of a solid grid, and a top plate, a back plate, a side plate, a shelf board, etc. which are not illustrated are attached. A space is formed inside the frame structure 12 assembled in this way. Residents can use this space as a storage space for storing futons, clothes, and the like. Moreover, a door etc. can be attached to the frame structure 12 and each shelf from a design viewpoint. The frame structure 12 is connected to adjacent steel racks 10 by bolts (not shown). The frame structure 12 supports the load of the upper building together with the steel rack 10.

次に、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体１の構造詳細について説明する。図３は、図２中の“ＩＩＩ”で示した部位の拡大図を示している。図に示すように、スチールラック１０の上面にはアイボルト１８が取り付けられている。上ブレース材１３の一端は、圧着スリーブ１９によりアイボルト１８の頭部孔に係止されている。また、上ブレース材１３の他端も、スチールラック１０の上面に取り付けられたアイボルト１８の頭部孔に係止されている。このように、上ブレース材１３は、耐震構造体１の略対角線上に取り付けられたアイボルト１８間に張設されている。   Next, the structure details of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention are demonstrated. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a portion indicated by “III” in FIG. As shown in the drawing, an eyebolt 18 is attached to the upper surface of the steel rack 10. One end of the upper brace material 13 is locked to the head hole of the eyebolt 18 by a crimp sleeve 19. Further, the other end of the upper brace material 13 is also locked in the head hole of the eyebolt 18 attached to the upper surface of the steel rack 10. As described above, the upper brace material 13 is stretched between the eyebolts 18 attached on the substantially diagonal line of the earthquake-resistant structure 1.

また、スチールラック１０の上部には、コーナー補強材１６を支持するガセットプレート２０が取り付けられている。コーナー補強材１６は、それぞれの端部をガセットプレート２０とボルト２１で連結され、耐震構造体１の隅角部を補強する。   A gusset plate 20 that supports the corner reinforcement 16 is attached to the upper portion of the steel rack 10. The corner reinforcing members 16 are connected at their respective ends with gusset plates 20 and bolts 21 to reinforce the corners of the earthquake resistant structure 1.

また、スチールラック１０の下部にも、図示しないアイボルトが取り付けられており、下ブレース材１４は、耐震構造体１を略対角線上に接続するように、アイボルト（不図示）間に張設されている。   Further, an eye bolt (not shown) is also attached to the lower part of the steel rack 10, and the lower brace material 14 is stretched between eye bolts (not shown) so as to connect the earthquake-resistant structure 1 substantially diagonally. Yes.

また、図２に示すように、スチールラック１０の下部にはベースプレート２３が取り付けられている。スチールラック１０は、図示しないアンカーボルトにより固定されたベースプレート２３を介して床に固定される。これにより地震が発生した場合にも、耐震構造体１を所定位置に止めておくことができる。   As shown in FIG. 2, a base plate 23 is attached to the lower part of the steel rack 10. The steel rack 10 is fixed to the floor via a base plate 23 fixed by anchor bolts (not shown). Thereby, even when an earthquake occurs, the earthquake-resistant structure 1 can be stopped at a predetermined position.

次に、本実施形態に係る耐震構造体１の施工方法について、図４及び図５を参照して説明する。図４は、本実施形態に係る耐震構造体１を導入する前の集合住宅の一住戸の専用部分を示した平面図である。また、図５は、図４に示した専用部分全体に本実施形態に係る耐震構造体１を施工した場合の一例を示した平面図である。   Next, the construction method of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIG.4 and FIG.5. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a dedicated portion of one dwelling unit of the apartment house before introducing the earthquake resistant structure 1 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example in which the seismic structure 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to the entire dedicated portion shown in FIG.

図４に示す住戸の専用部分は、柱３１と壁体３２とで区画されている。壁体３２には、玄関口を形成するための玄関用開口３２aと、窓を形成するための窓用開口３２ｂとが形成されている。   A dedicated portion of the dwelling unit shown in FIG. 4 is partitioned by a pillar 31 and a wall body 32. The wall 32 is formed with an entrance opening 32a for forming an entrance and a window opening 32b for forming a window.

このような住戸の専用部分は、例えば間仕切り壁３３ａ，３３ｂにより部屋３５が、間仕切り壁３３ｃ，３３ｄにより収納空間３６等が形成されている。一般に集合住宅では、耐震診断の結果により、建て替えや耐震補強の導入が検討される。しかしながら、住民の家族構成や収入等の違いにより、建て替えや耐震補強を導入するための合意形成が困難となることが多い。そのため、耐震補強の導入を望む居住者も、合意形成がなされなければ現状の集合住宅に住み続けなければならない。このような状況において、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震工法は、居住者が専有する住戸単位で施工することができ、さらに従来の工法と比べ簡易にかつ低コストで個々の住戸の安全性を高めることが可能となる。   In such a dedicated portion of the dwelling unit, for example, a room 35 is formed by partition walls 33a and 33b, and a storage space 36 and the like are formed by partition walls 33c and 33d. In general, in housing complexes, the introduction of rebuilding and seismic reinforcement is considered based on the results of seismic diagnosis. However, it is often difficult to form consensus for rebuilding and introducing seismic reinforcement due to differences in the family structure and income of residents. For this reason, residents who want to introduce seismic reinforcement must continue to live in the current housing complex without consensus. In such a situation, the seismic construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be constructed in units of dwelling units that residents occupy, and furthermore, the safety of individual dwelling units can be reduced more easily and at a lower cost than conventional construction methods. It becomes possible to raise.

本実施形態に係る耐震構造体１を導入するに当たり、まず、図４に示された全ての間仕切り壁３３ａ，３３ｂ・・・を撤去する。次に、耐震構造体１の構成部材（スチールラック１０等）が所定位置に配置される。スチールラック１０の一部を、図５に示すように、壁体３２に沿わせて配置する。なお、集合住宅の構造躯体である梁部材（不図示）の下には、スチールラック１０を配置するのが好ましい。これにより、耐震構造体１の導入階の柱が破壊した場合、スチールラック１０は、上層の建物による荷重を梁部材を介して支持することができる。   In introducing the earthquake-resistant structure 1 according to the present embodiment, first, all the partition walls 33a, 33b,... Shown in FIG. Next, the structural member (steel rack 10 etc.) of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 is arrange | positioned in a predetermined position. A part of the steel rack 10 is disposed along the wall body 32 as shown in FIG. In addition, it is preferable to arrange | position the steel rack 10 under the beam member (not shown) which is a structural housing of an apartment house. Thereby, when the pillar of the introduction floor of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 breaks down, the steel rack 10 can support the load by the upper-layer building via a beam member.

なお、居住者の往来や視野を妨げないように、玄関用開口３２ａ及び窓用開口３２ｂに対応する部分にはスチールラック１０を配置せずに、代わりに、耐震構造体１の形状を保持する連結材１１を設置する。また、連結材１１は、耐震構造体１の一体化を図る目的で、ドアの設置箇所や、通路等に適宜取り付ける。   Note that the steel rack 10 is not disposed in the portion corresponding to the entrance opening 32a and the window opening 32b so that the occupant's traffic and visual field are not obstructed, but the shape of the earthquake-resistant structure 1 is maintained instead. The connecting material 11 is installed. Moreover, the connection material 11 is suitably attached to the installation location of a door, a channel | path, etc. in order to aim at integration of the earthquake-resistant structure 1. FIG.

居住空間に押入れ等の比較的大容量の収納スペースを確保する場合には、図５に示すように、形鋼等を立体格子状に組み立てたフレーム構造体１２を居住空間に設置する。フレーム構造体１２の寸法や形状、設置位置は、居住者の要望に応じて自由に設定することができる。   In order to secure a relatively large storage space such as a closet in the living space, as shown in FIG. 5, a frame structure 12 in which shape steel or the like is assembled in a three-dimensional lattice shape is installed in the living space. The size, shape, and installation position of the frame structure 12 can be freely set according to the resident's request.

このように設置されたスチールラック１０、連結材１１、及びフレーム構造体１２等に、前述したブレース材１３やコーナー補強材１６を取り付け、地震による耐震構造体１の変形を防止する。   The brace material 13 and the corner reinforcing material 16 described above are attached to the steel rack 10, the connecting material 11, the frame structure 12, and the like installed in this way, and the deformation of the earthquake resistant structure 1 due to an earthquake is prevented.

以上のように、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体、及び耐震工法を用いることで、次のような効果を得ることができる。
（１）前述したように、地震の発生により建物の柱等の鉛直部材が圧壊した場合、上層の建物の自重をスチールラック１０やフレーム構造体１２等で支持することができる。これらの部材は、少なくとも人間の生存限界に相当する時間にわたり、居住者の生存空間や呼吸可能な空隙が確保できるように選定され、それらの配置が決定される。そのため、地震による人的被害を抑制することができる。
（２）また、本発明の実施形態に係る耐震構造体１は、既製のスチールラック１０や、汎用の形鋼等で構築することができるので、新たな部材の開発が不要である。そのため、本発明を速やかに実施できるとともに、施工コストを抑制することができる。
（３）また、本発明に係る耐震工法は、１棟の建物全体を対象に補強する工法ではなく、耐震工事を実施しようとする居住者の住戸単位での施工が可能である。そのため、集合住宅において各居住者の合意を得る必要がなく、耐震工事をスムーズに実施することができる。
（４）また、耐震構造体を構成するスチールラック１０は、多種多様なもの中から居住者の要望に応じて自由に選択することができる。そのため、居住者は、希望の収納スペースを希望する場所に形成することができ、利便性が向上する。
（５）また、耐震構造体１を構成する各部材は、部屋の間仕切りとしても機能する。居住者は、耐震工事前の間取りから、現状の家族構成に合った間取りに比較的自由に変更することができる。
（６）さらに、スチールラック１０等の各部材の連結はボルト連結により実現できるため、耐震構造体１を構築するにあたり、特別な技術を必要としない。そのため、居住者自身で、耐震構造体１を構築することも可能であり、耐震工事をスムーズに実施することが可能である。 As described above, the following effects can be obtained by using the earthquake resistant structure and the earthquake resistant construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
(1) As described above, when a vertical member such as a pillar of a building is crushed by the occurrence of an earthquake, the weight of the upper building can be supported by the steel rack 10, the frame structure 12, or the like. These members are selected so that a living space for the occupant and a breathable air gap can be secured at least for a time corresponding to the human survival limit, and their arrangement is determined. Therefore, human damage caused by an earthquake can be suppressed.
(2) Moreover, since the earthquake-resistant structure 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention can be constructed | assembled with the ready-made steel rack 10, general purpose shape steel, etc., development of a new member is unnecessary. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented promptly and the construction cost can be suppressed.
(3) Moreover, the seismic construction method according to the present invention is not a construction method that reinforces the entire building, but construction in units of dwelling units of residents who intend to perform seismic construction is possible. Therefore, it is not necessary to obtain the agreement of each resident in the apartment house, and the earthquake-proof construction can be carried out smoothly.
(4) Moreover, the steel rack 10 which comprises an earthquake-resistant structure can be freely selected from various things according to a resident's request. Therefore, the resident can form a desired storage space in a desired location, and convenience is improved.
(5) Moreover, each member which comprises the earthquake-resistant structure 1 functions also as a partition of a room. Residents can change from a floor plan before earthquake-proofing to a floor plan that matches the current family structure.
(6) Furthermore, since the connection of each member such as the steel rack 10 can be realized by bolt connection, no special technique is required to construct the earthquake-resistant structure 1. Therefore, it is possible for the resident himself to construct the earthquake-resistant structure 1, and the earthquake-proof construction can be carried out smoothly.

なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限られず、様々な変形及び応用が可能である。上述した実施形態では、一住戸の専用部分全体に耐震構造体を構築する場合について説明したが、住戸の一部についてのみ耐震構造体１を構築することも可能である。図６は、このような一住戸の専用部分の一部に耐震構造体１を構築した場合の一例を示した平面図である。この実施例では、図４に示す間仕切り壁３３ｅ,３３ｆが撤去された後に、耐震構造体１が構築されている。このような施工方法は、特に費用を低額に抑えたいと考えている居住者にとって特に有効である。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and applications are possible. Although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the case where an earthquake-resistant structure was constructed | assembled in the whole exclusive part of one dwelling unit, it is also possible to construct the earthquake-resistant structure 1 only about a part of dwelling unit. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of the case where the earthquake-resistant structure 1 is constructed in a part of the dedicated part of such a dwelling unit. In this embodiment, the seismic structure 1 is constructed after the partition walls 33e and 33f shown in FIG. 4 are removed. Such a construction method is particularly effective for residents who want to keep costs low.

また、図５及び図６に示すように、上述した実施形態では、間仕切り壁３３ａ，３３ｂ・・・・を撤去した後に耐震構造体１を構築した。しかし、内装を全く撤去することなく、壁体３２及び間仕切り壁３３ａ，３３ｂ・・・・に沿わせてスチールラック１０等を配置して、耐震構造体１を構築することができる。このような耐震工法は、間仕切り壁３３等の内装撤去費用がかからないため、施工費用をさらに低額に抑えることができる。   Moreover, as shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, in the embodiment mentioned above, after removing the partition walls 33a, 33b, ..., the earthquake-resistant structure 1 was constructed | assembled. However, the seismic structure 1 can be constructed by disposing the steel rack 10 or the like along the wall body 32 and the partition walls 33a, 33b,... Without removing the interior at all. Such an earthquake resistant construction method does not incur the cost of removing the interior of the partition wall 33 and the like, so that the construction cost can be further reduced.

また、上述した実施形態では、本発明に係る耐震構造体及び耐震工法を集合住宅に適用する場合について説明したが、当然ながら、戸建住宅や、オフィスビル等においても適用することができる。   Moreover, although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the case where the earthquake-resistant structure and earthquake-resistant construction method which concern on this invention were applied to an apartment house, of course, it can apply also to a detached house, an office building, etc.

１ 耐震構造体
１０ スチールラック
１１ 連結材
１２ フレーム構造体
１３ 上ブレース材
１４ 下ブレース材
１５ 背面ブレース材
１６ コーナー補強材
１７ ゴム板
３１ 柱
３２ 壁体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seismic structure 10 Steel rack 11 Connecting material 12 Frame structure 13 Upper brace material 14 Lower brace material 15 Back brace material 16 Corner reinforcement material 17 Rubber plate 31 Column 32 Wall body

Claims (9)

建物の専用部分に室内設備あるいは間仕切りとして複数箇所に配置され、地震発生により前記建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材と、
前記複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材間を接続し、該金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持する形状保持材と、を備えることを特徴とする耐震構造体。 A metal vertical support material that is arranged in multiple locations as indoor facilities or partitions in a dedicated part of the building, and supports the weight of the upper building when the structural frame of the building is damaged due to the occurrence of an earthquake,
A seismic structure, comprising: a shape holding member that connects the plurality of metal vertical support members and holds an arrangement form of the metal vertical support members. 建物の専用部分の内部の壁体に沿って配置され、地震発生により前記建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材と、
前記複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材間を接続し、該金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持する形状保持材と、を備えることを特徴とする耐震構造体。 A metal vertical support material that is arranged along the wall inside the dedicated part of the building and supports the weight of the upper building when the structural frame of the building is damaged by the occurrence of an earthquake,
A seismic structure, comprising: a shape holding member that connects the plurality of metal vertical support members and holds an arrangement form of the metal vertical support members. 前記鉛直支持材は、金属製の書架、物品棚、あるいは間仕切りから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の耐震構造体。   The earthquake-proof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vertical support member is composed of a metal bookshelf, an article shelf, or a partition. 前記建物の専用部分に配置され、立体格子状に構築されて収納空間を形成するフレーム構造体をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の耐震構造体。   The earthquake-resistant structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a frame structure that is arranged in a dedicated portion of the building and is constructed in a three-dimensional lattice shape to form a storage space. . 前記形状保持材は、
間隔をあけて配置された複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材を連結する連結材を備えることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の耐震構造体。 The shape retaining material is
5. The earthquake-resistant structure according to claim 1, further comprising a connecting member that connects the plurality of metal vertical support members arranged at intervals. 前記形状保持材は、
前記建物の室内空間を取り囲むように配置された複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を対角に横切るように設置されたブレース材をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の耐震構造体。 The shape retaining material is
The brace material installed so that the arrangement | positioning form of the said several metal vertical support material arrange | positioned so that the indoor space of the said building may be surrounded diagonally may be provided further, The Claim 1 thru | or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The earthquake-resistant structure according to any one of the above. 前記形状保持材は、
隣接して配置された前記金属製鉛直支持材の交差部を補強するコーナー補強材をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の耐震構造体。 The shape retaining material is
The earthquake-resistant structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a corner reinforcing member that reinforces an intersection of the metal vertical supporting members arranged adjacent to each other. 建物の専用部分の間仕切りを撤去する工程と、
地震発生により前記建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の前記建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材を、前記建物の専用部分に配置して各部屋に間仕切る工程と、
前記金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持するために、複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材を接続する形状保持材を取付ける工程と、を備えることを特徴とする耐震工法。 Removing the partition of the dedicated part of the building;
When the structural frame of the building is damaged due to the occurrence of an earthquake, a metal vertical support material that supports the weight of the upper building is placed in a dedicated portion of the building and partitioned into rooms, and
A step of attaching a shape holding material for connecting a plurality of the metal vertical support materials in order to hold the arrangement form of the metal vertical support materials. 地震発生により前記建物の構造躯体が損壊した際に、上層の前記建物の自重を支持する金属製鉛直支持材を、前記建物の間仕切りに沿って配置する工程と、
前記金属製鉛直支持材の配置形態を保持するために、複数の前記金属製鉛直支持材を接続する形状保持材を取付ける工程と、を備えることを特徴とする耐震工法。 When the structural frame of the building is damaged due to the occurrence of an earthquake, a step of arranging a metal vertical support material that supports the weight of the upper layer of the building along the partition of the building;
A step of attaching a shape holding material for connecting a plurality of the metal vertical support materials in order to hold the arrangement form of the metal vertical support materials.
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