JP2010244834A - X-ray generator and x-ray measuring device - Google Patents

X-ray generator and x-ray measuring device Download PDF

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JP2010244834A
JP2010244834A JP2009091996A JP2009091996A JP2010244834A JP 2010244834 A JP2010244834 A JP 2010244834A JP 2009091996 A JP2009091996 A JP 2009091996A JP 2009091996 A JP2009091996 A JP 2009091996A JP 2010244834 A JP2010244834 A JP 2010244834A
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ray
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piezoelectric
power
transformer
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JP2010244834A5 (en
JP5457709B2 (en
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Asao Nakano
朝雄 中野
Masaru Kuribayashi
勝 栗林
Masaaki Yamakata
正明 山片
Masahiro Nonoguchi
雅弘 野々口
Shozo Aoki
省三 青木
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Rigaku Denki Co Ltd
Rigaku Corp
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Rigaku Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an X-ray generator attaining a stable X-ray generating position, without affecting the irradiating position of electron beams, by installing a small high-voltage power source without electromagnetic leakages in the inside of an X-ray tube. <P>SOLUTION: The small high-voltage power source has a drive circuit for transforming input AC or DC power into high-frequency AC power of 10-200 kHz; a plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers, provided in parallel to step up the transformed high frequency AC power while suppressing heat generation and electromagnetic radiation noise; and a plurality of voltage step-up rectifying circuits for rectifying each stepped-up AC power, to obtain high voltage of 30-100 kV and to load it to the X-ray tube. The small high-voltage power source is installed inside the X-ray tube. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、圧電昇圧トランスを用いた小型高圧電源によりX線発生装置の小型化を図るとともにX線管球の内部に高圧電源を構成することにより、X線管球への電源供給を低電圧化して高電圧ケーブルの外部配線を廃し、X線計測装置の設計上の自由度と使用の安全性の向上を実現したX線計測装置に関する。   The present invention aims to reduce the size of the X-ray generator with a small high-voltage power source using a piezoelectric step-up transformer, and configure the high-voltage power source inside the X-ray tube, thereby reducing the power supply to the X-ray tube. The present invention relates to an X-ray measurement apparatus that realizes improvement in design freedom and safety of use of an X-ray measurement apparatus by eliminating external wiring of a high-voltage cable.

圧電昇圧トランスを用いた安定化直流高圧電源の従来技術としては、特開2002−359967号公報(特許文献1)において知られている。特許文献1には、さらにX線トモグラフィーで用いられるX線検出用のX線蛍光像増倍管あるいはイメージングプレートに給電する直流高圧電源に用いることができると記載されている。   Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-359967 (Patent Document 1) is known as a prior art of a stabilized DC high-voltage power source using a piezoelectric step-up transformer. Patent Document 1 describes that it can be used for an X-ray fluorescent image intensifier tube for X-ray detection used in X-ray tomography or a DC high-voltage power source for supplying power to an imaging plate.

また、Ricoh Technical Report No.31.December,2005 発行pp.59-66(非特許文献1)には圧電トランスを採用した液晶バックライト用省電力インバータについて記載されている。   Ricoh Technical Report No.31.December, 2005, pp.59-66 (Non-Patent Document 1) describes a power-saving inverter for liquid crystal backlights using a piezoelectric transformer.

特開2002−359967号公報JP 2002-359967 A Ricoh Technical Report No.31.December,2005 発行pp.59-66Ricoh Technical Report No.31.December, 2005 published pp.59-66

一般の高周波高圧電源には昇圧用電磁トランスが一部に用いられている。近年の部品の進歩で小型高性能化が達成されているが、X線管球の内部に高圧電源を挿入することができない。昇圧用に電磁トランスを用いると電源回路に電磁トランスを使用するとその漏洩磁束がその漏洩磁束がX線管球内の電子ビームの軌道に影響を与え、とくにマイクロフォーカスX線管ではその焦点位置の安定性に大きく影響を与える。マイクロフォーカスX線管はそのX線発生部の面積が10−50μm程度であり、電磁トランスの影響で数μm程度のX線発生部移動が生じる等の影響を受けるため、内部に高圧電源を挿入することが困難であった。   A general high-frequency high-voltage power supply uses a boosting electromagnetic transformer in part. Although small size and high performance have been achieved with recent advances in parts, a high voltage power source cannot be inserted into the X-ray tube. When an electromagnetic transformer is used for boosting, when the electromagnetic transformer is used in the power supply circuit, the leakage flux affects the trajectory of the electron beam in the X-ray tube. The stability is greatly affected. A microfocus X-ray tube has an X-ray generation area of about 10-50 μm and is affected by movement of the X-ray generation part of about several μm due to the influence of an electromagnetic transformer. It was difficult to do.

また、上記特許文献1には、X線を発生させるためのX線管の高圧電源回路として圧電昇圧トランスを適用することについては考慮されていなかった。   Further, the above Patent Document 1 does not consider the application of a piezoelectric step-up transformer as a high-voltage power supply circuit for an X-ray tube for generating X-rays.

また、圧電昇圧トランスは小型・高効率であるが、一般的には扱う電力が小さいため非特許文献1に記載されているようにLCDのバックライト電源や空気清浄機の高圧電源に用いられて来たに過ぎない。   In addition, the piezoelectric step-up transformer is small and highly efficient. However, since the power handled is generally small, it is used as a backlight power source for LCDs and a high-voltage power source for air purifiers as described in Non-Patent Document 1. I just came.

本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決すべく、X線管の内部に電磁漏洩のない小型高圧電源を設置することによって電子ビームの照射位置に影響を与えることなく安定したX線発生位置を実現したX線発生装置及び該X線発生装置を備えたX線計測装置を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is to achieve a stable X-ray generation position without affecting the irradiation position of the electron beam by installing a small high-voltage power source without electromagnetic leakage inside the X-ray tube in order to solve the above problems. Another object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray generation apparatus and an X-ray measurement apparatus including the X-ray generation apparatus.

本発明は、圧電性セラミックスの振動を用いて電圧昇圧するため、本質的に漏洩磁場を発生しない圧電昇圧トランスを用いて小型高圧電源を構成することにより、該小型高圧電源をマイクロフォーカスX線管内部に搭載することを可能としたことを特徴とする。   In the present invention, since the voltage is boosted by using the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic, a small high voltage power source is configured by using a piezoelectric step-up transformer that essentially does not generate a leakage magnetic field. It is possible to mount inside.

また、本発明は、単一の圧電昇圧トランスでは扱えない高周波電力の電源を構成するにあたり、最終の昇圧を各々の圧電トランスにコッククロフト回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)を接続して用いるとともに、入力の低電圧高周波の位相を圧電トランス毎にずらすことにより交流的に並列接続をして出力電力を確保することを特長とする。これにより、ある程度の圧電トランスの特性ばらつきがあっても複数使用による出力電力の確保が可能となった。この方法によれば、多相整流した脈流の足し合わせとなり、出力となる高圧直流に混入するリップル成分の周波数が高いため除去が簡易であり、従来電源より小型で電気特性の優れた直流高圧電源が可能となる。   Further, the present invention uses a final booster by connecting a cockcroft circuit (voltage boosting rectifier circuit) to each piezoelectric transformer in the construction of a high-frequency power source that cannot be handled by a single piezoelectric step-up transformer. The output voltage is ensured by alternatingly connecting in parallel by shifting the phase of the low voltage and high frequency for each piezoelectric transformer. As a result, even if there is some variation in the characteristics of the piezoelectric transformer, it is possible to secure output power by using a plurality of piezoelectric transformers. According to this method, the pulsating flow rectified by multi-phase rectification is added, and since the frequency of the ripple component mixed in the high-voltage direct current that is output is high, it is easy to remove, and the direct current high-voltage that is smaller and superior in electrical characteristics than the conventional power supply. Power supply is possible.

また、本発明は、電子源と該電子源から得られる収束された電子ビームが照射されるX線ターゲットとを有し、X線を発生させるためのX線管で構成されたX線発生装置であって、入力される交流あるいは直流の電力を10−200kHzの高周波交流電力に変換する駆動回路と該駆動回路により変換された前記高周波交流電力を熱発生や電磁放射ノイズを抑制して昇圧する圧電昇圧トランスと該圧電昇圧トランスで昇圧された交流電力を整流して30−100kVの高電圧を得て前記電子源と前記X線ターゲットとの間に負荷する電圧昇圧用整流回路とを有する小型高圧電源を前記X線管の内部に設置し、前記電圧昇圧用整流回路の高電圧の出力と前記負荷との間を接続する高電圧ケーブルを前記X線管の外部に設けないことを特徴とする。   The present invention also includes an X-ray generator having an electron source and an X-ray target irradiated with a converged electron beam obtained from the electron source, and comprising an X-ray tube for generating X-rays A drive circuit that converts input AC or DC power into high-frequency AC power of 10 to 200 kHz and boosts the high-frequency AC power converted by the drive circuit while suppressing heat generation and electromagnetic radiation noise. A compact having a piezoelectric step-up transformer and a voltage step-up rectifier circuit that rectifies AC power boosted by the piezoelectric step-up transformer to obtain a high voltage of 30-100 kV and loads between the electron source and the X-ray target. A high-voltage power supply is installed inside the X-ray tube, and a high-voltage cable connecting the high-voltage output of the voltage boosting rectifier circuit and the load is not provided outside the X-ray tube. To do.

また、本発明は前記小型高圧電源における前記圧電昇圧トランスを複数個並列に用いて構成することを特徴とする。また、本発明は、前記小型高圧電源における前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々が前記駆動回路から得られる前記高周波電力の位相を制御して用いることにより電力を発生させることを特徴とする。また、本発明は、前記小型高圧電源における前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々に前記電圧昇圧用整流回路を接続して構成したことを特徴とする。   The present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the piezoelectric step-up transformers in the compact high-voltage power supply are used in parallel. Further, the present invention is characterized in that each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers in the small high-voltage power supply generates electric power by controlling and using the phase of the high-frequency power obtained from the drive circuit. The present invention is characterized in that the voltage boosting rectifier circuit is connected to each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers in the small high-voltage power supply.

本発明によれば、小型で高効率な圧電昇圧トランスを入力電力の位相制御により複数個並列に接続することが可能であり、マイクロフォーカスX線管の高圧電源として優れた電気特性を可能とした。これにより、X線管の内部に高圧電源を挿入することが可能となった。入力側の電圧は12−100V程度の低電圧とすることが可能であり、従来のX線管の30−100kVという高電圧はX線管の内部に挿入された形態をとることができる。即ち、小型高圧電源をX線管の内部に入れることにより低コスト化・小型化・高信頼性・高安定性を達成でき、マイクロフォーカスX線管を用いるX線計測装置の設計の自由度が上がり、使い勝手の良いX線計測装置を提供することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to connect a plurality of small and highly efficient piezoelectric step-up transformers in parallel by phase control of input power, which enables excellent electrical characteristics as a high-voltage power supply for a microfocus X-ray tube. . This makes it possible to insert a high-voltage power supply inside the X-ray tube. The voltage on the input side can be as low as about 12-100V, and the high voltage of 30-100 kV of the conventional X-ray tube can be in the form of being inserted inside the X-ray tube. In other words, by placing a small high-voltage power supply inside the X-ray tube, cost reduction, downsizing, high reliability, and high stability can be achieved, and the degree of freedom in designing an X-ray measuring device using a microfocus X-ray tube is increased. It becomes possible to provide an easy-to-use X-ray measuring apparatus.

本発明に係る小型で高効率な圧電トランスを小型高圧電源に用いたX線発生装置(マイクロフォーカスX線管)並びに該X線発生装置を備えたX線計測装置(X線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計等で構成される。)の実施形態について図面を用いて説明する。   An X-ray generator (microfocus X-ray tube) using a small and high-efficiency piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention as a small high-voltage power source, and an X-ray measuring apparatus (X-ray analyzer, X-ray) provided with the X-ray generator An embodiment of a transmission image measuring apparatus, an X-ray interferometer, or the like will be described with reference to the drawings.

[実施形態]
図1は、本発明に係る小型高電圧電源を搭載した実施形態を示す斜視図である。図1は本発明の小型高圧電源21に交流あるいは直流の一次電力を供給するため一次電源1及び小型高圧電源21を内部に搭載したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2を示している。即ち、本発明に係る小型高圧電源21を内部に搭載したX線管球(X線発生装置)2は、内部を真空可能に構成したステンレスとセラミクス製のX線管本体2に電子源(フィラメント)22と陽極を形成するX線ターゲット25とを設けて構成される。電子源22は、フィラメント電源211から高圧絶縁トランス212を介して直流電力で加熱され、熱電子を放出するとともに陰極として機能し、該電子源22に近接して設置された静電電子レンズ(ウェーネルト)24により、該電子源22から放出された電子を収束電子ビームに形成し、該X線ターゲット25を照射する。
[Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment in which a small high voltage power source according to the present invention is mounted. FIG. 1 shows a microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 in which a primary power source 1 and a small high-voltage power source 21 are mounted in order to supply AC or DC primary power to a small high-voltage power source 21 of the present invention. Yes. In other words, an X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 having a small high-voltage power supply 21 according to the present invention mounted therein is provided with an electron source (filament) in an X-ray tube main body 2 made of stainless steel and ceramics that can be evacuated. ) 22 and an X-ray target 25 for forming an anode. The electron source 22 is heated by direct current power from the filament power supply 211 via the high-voltage insulating transformer 212, emits thermoelectrons and functions as a cathode, and is an electrostatic electron lens (Wernelt) installed close to the electron source 22. ) 24, the electrons emitted from the electron source 22 are formed into a focused electron beam, and the X-ray target 25 is irradiated.

本実施形態では一次電源1は例えば12−100Vの直流あるいは交流の電源を使用した。一次電源1の電力は接続ケーブル11を介してマイクロフォーカスX線管球2の内部に搭載された小型高圧電源21に接続される。小型高圧電源21の内部回路には熱電子を放出するためのフィラメント22を加熱するためのフィラメント電源211及び高圧絶縁トランス212をもつ。収束された電子ビーム29はX線ターゲット25に照射されマイクロフォーカスX線管球2の一部に設けられたX線透過窓26を通してX線27が放出される。   In the present embodiment, the primary power source 1 is, for example, a 12-100 V DC or AC power source. The power of the primary power source 1 is connected to a small high voltage power source 21 mounted inside the microfocus X-ray tube 2 via a connection cable 11. The internal circuit of the small high voltage power source 21 has a filament power source 211 for heating the filament 22 for emitting thermoelectrons and a high voltage insulation transformer 212. The converged electron beam 29 is irradiated onto the X-ray target 25 and X-rays 27 are emitted through an X-ray transmission window 26 provided in a part of the microfocus X-ray tube 2.

本実施形態における小型高圧電源21はマイクロフォーカスX線管球2の内部に設置されるため、高圧電源はフィラメント22側を負の高圧とする構成ではフィラメント22側に設置されるため、高圧電源21とフィラメント22は短距離の内部高圧配線12で接続ができ、また高電圧部分をX線管球内部に設置するため高圧部分が管球外部に存在しない。本実施形態では一次電源1とX線管球内部の小型高圧電源21との接続電圧は例えば12−100Vの直流あるいは交流とした。従って、従来のX線管球のように印加電圧を直接外部の高圧電源から供給する必要がなく、接続用のケーブルやコネクタ等の電気配線部品は通常電圧グレードのものが使用できる。また、小型高圧電源21の一方の接地電極はマイクロフォーカスX線管球2の金属外套を利用してX線ターゲット25に接続される。   Since the small high-voltage power supply 21 in this embodiment is installed inside the microfocus X-ray tube 2, the high-voltage power supply 21 is installed on the filament 22 side in the configuration in which the filament 22 side is set to a negative high voltage. And the filament 22 can be connected by a short-distance internal high-voltage wiring 12, and the high-voltage portion is installed inside the X-ray tube, so that the high-voltage portion does not exist outside the tube. In the present embodiment, the connection voltage between the primary power source 1 and the small high-voltage power source 21 inside the X-ray tube is, for example, 12-100 V direct current or alternating current. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply an applied voltage directly from an external high-voltage power supply unlike a conventional X-ray tube, and electrical wiring parts such as connection cables and connectors can be of a normal voltage grade. In addition, one ground electrode of the small high-voltage power supply 21 is connected to the X-ray target 25 using the metal sheath of the microfocus X-ray tube 2.

上記実施形態で用いた高電圧印加方式の他に、フィラメント22側を接地電位として、X線ターゲット25側を正の高圧電位側にする場合には、X線ターゲット25側に小型高圧電源21を設置することも可能である。   In addition to the high voltage application method used in the above embodiment, when the filament 22 side is set to the ground potential and the X-ray target 25 side is set to the positive high-voltage potential side, a small high-voltage power source 21 is connected to the X-ray target 25 side. It is also possible to install.

図2は、X線ターゲット25側に小型高圧電源21を設置した実施形態を示す斜視図である。図2は本発明の小型高圧電源21に交流あるいは直流の一次電力を供給するため一次電源1及び小型高圧電源21をX線ターゲット25側の内部に搭載したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2を示している。上記実施形態との違いは、電子源22を直流電力で加熱するフィラメント電源211から高圧絶縁トランス212を介さずに接続することが可能である点にある。このような構成でも、フィラメント22は熱電子を放出するとともに陰極として機能し、該電子源22に近接して設置された静電電子レンズ(ウェーネルト)24により、該電子源22から放出された電子を収束電子ビームに形成し、該X線ターゲット25を照射することが可能である。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an embodiment in which a small high-voltage power supply 21 is installed on the X-ray target 25 side. FIG. 2 shows a microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generation) in which the primary power source 1 and the small high voltage power source 21 are mounted inside the X-ray target 25 in order to supply AC or DC primary power to the small high voltage power source 21 of the present invention. Device) 2. The difference from the above embodiment is that the electron source 22 can be connected from the filament power source 211 that heats the electron source 22 with direct-current power without going through the high-voltage insulating transformer 212. Even in such a configuration, the filament 22 emits thermoelectrons and functions as a cathode, and the electrons emitted from the electron source 22 by the electrostatic electron lens (Weinert) 24 installed in the vicinity of the electron source 22. Can be formed into a focused electron beam, and the X-ray target 25 can be irradiated.

本実施形態における小型高圧電源21はマイクロフォーカスX線管球2のX線ターゲット25側内部に設置されるため、高圧電源21とX線ターゲット25は短距離の内部高圧配線12で接続ができ、また高電圧部分をX線管球内部に設置するため高圧部分が管球外部に存在しない。本実施形態では一次電源1とX線管球内部の小型高圧電源21との接続電圧は例えば12−100Vの直流あるいは交流とした。   Since the small high-voltage power supply 21 in this embodiment is installed inside the microfocus X-ray tube 2 on the X-ray target 25 side, the high-voltage power supply 21 and the X-ray target 25 can be connected by a short-distance internal high-voltage wiring 12. Further, since the high voltage portion is installed inside the X-ray tube, the high voltage portion does not exist outside the tube. In the present embodiment, the connection voltage between the primary power source 1 and the small high-voltage power source 21 inside the X-ray tube is, for example, 12-100 V direct current or alternating current.

次に、本発明に係る小型高圧電源21に用いた圧電昇圧トランスの使用方法の実施形態について説明する。図3(a)(b)に示す圧電昇圧トランス30の断面図を用いて、構造について説明する。圧電昇圧トランス30はチタン酸バリウムやチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛等の圧電性のセラミクス31と金属電極32を積層して焼成して作製される。本実施形態ではチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛をベースにしたものを用いた。圧電昇圧トランス30は、板状の圧電性セラミクス31の表面に金属電極32を印刷して積層して焼成し、適切な形に分断した後外部電極33及び34を形成した後分極処理を施して構成される固体素子である。   Next, an embodiment of a method for using the piezoelectric step-up transformer used in the small high-voltage power supply 21 according to the present invention will be described. The structure will be described with reference to cross-sectional views of the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 shown in FIGS. The piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 is manufactured by laminating and firing a piezoelectric ceramic 31 such as barium titanate or lead zirconate titanate and a metal electrode 32. In this embodiment, the one based on lead zirconate titanate was used. The piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 is formed by printing a metal electrode 32 on the surface of a plate-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 31 and laminating and firing it, dividing it into an appropriate shape, forming external electrodes 33 and 34, and then applying a polarization treatment. It is a solid state device.

本発明に係る小型高圧電源21に用いた圧電昇圧トランス30の動作原理について図4を用いて説明する。圧電昇圧トランス30は通常長手方向の長さと圧電セラミクスの機械的性質で決まる共振周波数に近い交流電力41(一次電源1から供給される低電圧の直流あるいは交流の電力を変換した10−200kHz(好ましくは50−100kHz)の高周波電力)を一次側(α)に加えると二次側(β)に電歪効果により長手方向に強い機械振動が生じる。この機械振動の圧電効果により電圧が発生し出力端には50−100倍程度に昇圧された電圧(V2)42が得られる。なお、Pは分極方向を示す。この動作原理の中には一切電磁的な作用は無いが一般的な電磁トランスと同様な動作を行うため、昇圧トランスと見做すことができる。即ち、圧電昇圧トランス30は熱発生や電磁放射ノイズを抑制して電圧の昇圧を行う。昇圧比は動作原理から一般的に長さで決まり、昇圧可能電力は圧電素子の体積((L+L’)×W×T)におよそ比例する。5−15W程度の圧電昇圧トランス30では40−100kHzの高周波交流電力の入力41に対し、共振周波数付近で50−100倍程度の昇圧比が得られる。   The operation principle of the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 used in the small high-voltage power supply 21 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 usually has an AC power 41 close to a resonance frequency determined by the length in the longitudinal direction and the mechanical properties of the piezoelectric ceramic (10 to 200 kHz converted from a low-voltage DC or AC power supplied from the primary power supply 1 (preferably Is applied to the primary side (α), a strong mechanical vibration occurs in the longitudinal direction due to the electrostrictive effect on the secondary side (β). A voltage is generated by the piezoelectric effect of the mechanical vibration, and a voltage (V2) 42 boosted about 50 to 100 times is obtained at the output end. P indicates the polarization direction. Although there is no electromagnetic action at all in this operation principle, since it operates in the same way as a general electromagnetic transformer, it can be regarded as a step-up transformer. That is, the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 boosts the voltage while suppressing heat generation and electromagnetic radiation noise. The step-up ratio is generally determined by the length from the operating principle, and the boostable power is approximately proportional to the volume of the piezoelectric element ((L + L ′) × W × T). The piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 of about 5-15 W can obtain a step-up ratio of about 50-100 times near the resonance frequency with respect to the input 41 of the high frequency AC power of 40-100 kHz.

このような動作原理の圧電昇圧トランスを用いた小型高圧電源21の内部構成ブロック図を図5に示す。マイクロフォーカスX線管球用の30−100kVの高電圧を取り出すためには、圧電昇圧トランス30(30a、30b、30c)の出力側をダイオードとキャパシタで構成したコッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50で直流変換する。マイクロフォーカスX線管球の一般的な使用電力は10−50Wであり、本実施例では最大45Wを構成できるような小型高圧電源21を実現した。一般的な圧電トランスでは単独で45Wを扱えるようにすると、圧電トランスのサイズが大きくなり、製造歩留まりの低下からコスト上昇に繋がる。本実施形態では図5に示すように15Wの圧電トランス(30a、30b、30c)を複数個(例えば3個)並列に用いる方法を採用した。   FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the internal configuration of the small high-voltage power supply 21 using the piezoelectric step-up transformer having such an operation principle. In order to take out a high voltage of 30-100 kV for a microfocus X-ray tube, a Cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit (voltage booster) in which the output side of the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 (30a, 30b, 30c) is composed of a diode and a capacitor is used. Rectifier circuit) 50 for direct current conversion. The general power consumption of the microfocus X-ray tube is 10-50 W, and in this embodiment, a small high-voltage power source 21 capable of configuring a maximum of 45 W was realized. If a general piezoelectric transformer can handle 45 W alone, the size of the piezoelectric transformer increases, leading to an increase in cost due to a decrease in manufacturing yield. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a method of using a plurality of (for example, three) 15 W piezoelectric transformers (30a, 30b, 30c) in parallel is employed.

各圧電昇圧トランスの一次側(α)には図5及び図6に示すようにVCO(電圧制御発信器)51の出力信号に基づく例えば4個の半導体素子(FET)を用いた発信回路(駆動回路)(55a、55b、55c)により40−100kHzの高周波電力を印加するようにした。一次電源1の電圧を例えば直流100Vとして昇圧比75倍が得られ、圧電昇圧トランス(30a、30b、30c)の二次側にはピーク電圧で7.5kVの高周波電力が得られた。3個の圧電昇圧トランス(30a、30b、30c)はそれぞれ120度の位相差をつけるための位相制御回路(52a、52b)を通して発信回路に入力電力を印加した。電圧の制御は3個全ての圧電トランスに対し同一のVCO(電圧制御発信器)51で制御し、一次側(α)入力の周波数を変化させることにより昇圧比を変化させる方式を採用した。コッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50の出力側から電圧検出回路53を通してVCO(電圧制御発信器)51に電圧制御信号を戻すことにより制御される。一方、マイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2の電流は電流検出回路54を通してフィラメント電源211に電流制御信号を戻すことにより制御される。   On the primary side (α) of each piezoelectric step-up transformer, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a transmission circuit (drive) using, for example, four semiconductor elements (FETs) based on the output signal of a VCO (voltage control oscillator) 51 Circuit) (55a, 55b, 55c), high frequency power of 40-100 kHz was applied. The voltage of the primary power source 1 was set to, for example, 100 V DC, and a boost ratio of 75 times was obtained. High frequency power of 7.5 kV in peak voltage was obtained on the secondary side of the piezoelectric step-up transformer (30a, 30b, 30c). The three piezoelectric step-up transformers (30a, 30b, 30c) applied input power to the transmission circuit through phase control circuits (52a, 52b) for making a phase difference of 120 degrees. The voltage is controlled by the same VCO (voltage control oscillator) 51 for all three piezoelectric transformers, and the step-up ratio is changed by changing the frequency of the primary side (α) input. Control is performed by returning a voltage control signal from the output side of the cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit (voltage boosting rectification circuit) 50 to the VCO (voltage control oscillator) 51 through the voltage detection circuit 53. On the other hand, the current of the microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 is controlled by returning a current control signal to the filament power supply 211 through the current detection circuit 54.

圧電昇圧トランス(30a、30b、30c)により昇圧された交流の高圧は図7(a)に示すように例えば7逓倍のコッククロフト半波整流回路50を通して約50kVのピーク電圧になる。本実施形態では例えば120度の位相差をつけて3相整流逓倍されるため、多少の昇圧比誤差があっても図6(b)に示すように充分平滑な直流出力電圧を得ることが可能である。出力電力を更に増加させるときは、一次側(α)の位相差のつけ方で更に多くの圧電昇圧トランス30とコッククロフト整流回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50を並列に接続することで、達成することができる。圧電トランスはその製造方法から昇圧特性を完全に揃えることは困難であり、選別により昇圧特性を揃えるが、一次側(α)の位相制御により電力を時分割で印加することにより、多少の特性誤差があっても平滑な30−100kVの高圧直流電圧を取り出すことが可能である。   The alternating high voltage boosted by the piezoelectric step-up transformer (30a, 30b, 30c) has a peak voltage of about 50 kV through the cockcroft half-wave rectifier circuit 50 multiplied by 7 as shown in FIG. In this embodiment, for example, a three-phase rectification multiplication is performed with a phase difference of 120 degrees, so that a sufficiently smooth DC output voltage can be obtained as shown in FIG. It is. Further increasing the output power is achieved by connecting more piezoelectric step-up transformers 30 and cockcroft rectifier circuits (voltage boost rectifier circuits) 50 in parallel in accordance with the phase difference on the primary side (α). be able to. Piezoelectric transformers are difficult to achieve with the same boosting characteristics due to their manufacturing method, and the boosting characteristics are made uniform by selection, but there is some characteristic error due to the time-division application of power by phase control on the primary side (α). Even if there is, it is possible to take out a smooth 30-100 kV high-voltage DC voltage.

即ち、本発明に関わる小型高圧電源21は複数の圧電昇圧トランス30の各々から得られる高周波交流電力の位相(高周波電源の位相)を制御して用いることにより昇圧した直流電力を発生させるように構成した。また、本発明に係わる小型高圧電源21において、複数の圧電昇圧トランスの昇圧制御を行う高周波交流電力(高周波電源)の周波数が同一であることを特徴とする。   That is, the small high voltage power source 21 according to the present invention is configured to generate a boosted DC power by controlling and using the phase of the high frequency AC power obtained from each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers 30 (phase of the high frequency power source). did. Further, the small high voltage power source 21 according to the present invention is characterized in that the frequency of the high frequency AC power (high frequency power source) for performing the boost control of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers is the same.

次に、図8には本発明に係わる圧電昇圧トランス30及びコッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50の実際の基板の構成を示す。回路基板60としてはセラミック基板61を用いて表面実装によりコッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50を構成するダイオードチップ63とコンデンサチップ62を実装した。コンデンサチップ62は高周波特性の優れたフィルムチップコンデンサを用いた。セラミック基板61の片面にダイオードチップ63とチップコンデンサ62をはんだにより回路接続し、セラミック基板61の逆側には絶縁ケース64に挿入した圧電昇圧トランス30を搭載した。これらの基板はセラミクス粉を混入したエポキシコンポジット材によりモールド封止され、安定した高圧動作を可能とした。   Next, FIG. 8 shows an actual substrate configuration of the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 and the cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit (voltage boosting rectification circuit) 50 according to the present invention. As a circuit board 60, a ceramic chip 61 is used, and a diode chip 63 and a capacitor chip 62 constituting a cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit (voltage boosting rectification circuit) 50 are mounted by surface mounting. As the capacitor chip 62, a film chip capacitor having excellent high frequency characteristics was used. A diode chip 63 and a chip capacitor 62 are connected to one side of the ceramic substrate 61 by soldering, and the piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 inserted in the insulating case 64 is mounted on the opposite side of the ceramic substrate 61. These substrates were molded and sealed with an epoxy composite material mixed with ceramic powder, enabling stable high-pressure operation.

全く同一の該コッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50用基板3枚と同様にセラミック基板71上にVCO(電圧制御発信器)51、位相制御回路(52a、52b)、電圧検出回路53、電流検出回路54及びフィラメント電源211を実装して圧電昇圧トランスの制御回路70を構成し、合計4枚から小型高圧電源21が構成される。即ち、本発明に係わるマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2の内部に設置した小型高圧電源21において、複数の圧電昇圧トランス30の各々が圧電昇圧トランス30とコッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)50毎に基板60上に一体化形成してモジュール化された構造を有することを特徴とする。   The VCO (voltage control oscillator) 51, the phase control circuit (52a, 52b), the voltage detection on the ceramic substrate 71 in the same manner as the three substrates for the same cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit (voltage boosting rectification circuit) 50 The circuit 53, the current detection circuit 54, and the filament power supply 211 are mounted to constitute the control circuit 70 for the piezoelectric step-up transformer, and the small high-voltage power supply 21 is composed of a total of four pieces. That is, in the small high-voltage power supply 21 installed in the microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 according to the present invention, each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers 30 includes a piezoelectric step-up transformer 30 and a cockcroft half-wave rectification / multiplication circuit. (Voltage boosting rectifier circuit) Each of the voltage boosting rectifier circuits is characterized by having a structure that is integrally formed on a substrate 60 and modularized.

ここでみたように本基板上には磁気を必要とする電気部品デバイスが全く使われておらず、マイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2の内部に設置しても、電子ビームの軌道に影響を与えることはないため、X線焦点位置の安定性に優れたマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2を実現することができる。   As seen here, no electrical component device that requires magnetism is used on this substrate, and even if it is installed inside the microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2, Since the trajectory is not affected, the microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 having excellent stability of the X-ray focal position can be realized.

次に、本発明に係わる小型高圧電源21を内部に設置したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2を備えたX線計測装置(X線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計等で構成される。)の一実施の形態について図9を用いて説明する。マイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2のX線ターゲット25からX線透過窓26を通して放出される特性X線の波長は金属ターゲットの元素毎に決まっている。特定の波長をもつ特性X線だけを利用し、他の波長のX線を抑制するにはX線弁別用結晶モノクロメータあるいは多層膜を形成したX線反射鏡等のX線選択デバイス81を用いて特性X線のみを選択してX線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計82における試料83に照射することになる。そして試料83から得られるX線をX線検出器84で検出し、データ処理装置85においてX線検出器84で検出されるデータを解析することにより分析若しくは計測結果を得ることが可能となる。また、X線選択デバイス81を用いない方法としては、マイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)2を用いるX線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計82におけるX線検出器84にX線弁別能力を有するものを適用することにより、データ処理装置85の中である特性X線に由来するデータのみを用いてデータ解析することにより、所望の解析結果を得ることが可能となる。   Next, an X-ray measuring apparatus (X-ray analyzer, X-ray transmission image measuring apparatus or X-ray) equipped with a microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 having a small high-voltage power supply 21 according to the present invention installed therein. An embodiment of a line interferometer or the like) will be described with reference to FIG. The wavelength of characteristic X-rays emitted from the X-ray target 25 of the microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) 2 through the X-ray transmission window 26 is determined for each element of the metal target. An X-ray selection device 81 such as an X-ray discriminating crystal monochromator or an X-ray reflecting mirror formed with a multilayer film is used to suppress only X-rays having other wavelengths while using only characteristic X-rays having a specific wavelength. Thus, only characteristic X-rays are selected and irradiated on the sample 83 in the X-ray analyzer, X-ray transmission image measuring device, or X-ray interferometer 82. Then, the X-ray obtained from the sample 83 is detected by the X-ray detector 84, and the data detected by the X-ray detector 84 is analyzed in the data processor 85, thereby obtaining an analysis or measurement result. Further, as a method not using the X-ray selection device 81, X-ray detection in an X-ray analysis apparatus, an X-ray transmission image measurement apparatus, or an X-ray interferometer 82 using a microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generation apparatus) 2 It is possible to obtain a desired analysis result by applying only the data derived from the characteristic X-rays in the data processing device 85 by applying a device having X-ray discrimination capability to the detector 84 It becomes.

本発明に係る小型高圧電源を内部に搭載したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)の実施形態1を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows Embodiment 1 of the micro focus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) which mounts the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention inside. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源をX線ターゲット側の内部に搭載したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)の実施形態2を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows Embodiment 2 of the micro focus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) which mounted the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention inside the X-ray target side. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源における圧電昇圧トランスの構造を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the piezoelectric step-up transformer in the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源における圧電昇圧トランスの動作原理図を示す概略図。Schematic which shows the operation principle figure of the piezoelectric step-up transformer in the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る圧電昇圧トランスを用いた小型高圧電源の内部構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the internal structure of the small high voltage power supply using the piezoelectric step-up transformer which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源の圧電昇圧トランスを含む3相コッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)を示す図。The figure which shows the three-phase cockcroft half-wave rectification multiplier circuit (voltage boosting rectifier circuit) including the piezoelectric step-up transformer of the small high-voltage power source according to the present invention. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源の圧電昇圧トランスの制御回路を示す図。The figure which shows the control circuit of the piezoelectric step-up transformer of the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る小型高圧電源の圧電昇圧トランス及びコッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)の実際の基板の構成を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the structure of the actual board | substrate of the piezoelectric step-up transformer and the cockcroft half-wave rectification multiplication circuit (voltage step-up rectification circuit) of the small high voltage power supply which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係わる小型高圧電源を内部に設置したマイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)を備えたX線計測装置(X線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計等で構成される。)の一実施の形態を示す概略構成図。An X-ray measuring apparatus (an X-ray analyzer, an X-ray transmission image measuring apparatus, an X-ray interferometer, etc.) provided with a microfocus X-ray tube (X-ray generator) in which a small high-voltage power source according to the present invention is installed. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment.

1…一次電源、2…マイクロフォーカスX線管球(X線発生装置)、11…一次電源接続ケーブル、12…内部高圧配線、21…小型高圧電源、22…電子源(フィラメント)、24…ウェーネルト、25…X線ターゲット、26…X線透過窓、27…X線、28…ケーブル、29…収束電子ビーム、211…フィラメント電源、212…高圧絶縁トランス、30、30a、30b、30c…圧電昇圧トランス、31…板状の圧電性セラミクス、32…金属電極、33…外部電極、34…外部電極、41…交流入力、42…昇圧された電圧、50、50a、50b、50c…コッククロフト半波整流逓倍回路(電圧昇圧用整流回路)、51…VCO(電圧制御発信器)、52a,52b…位相制御回路、53…電圧検出回路、54…電流検出回路、55a、55b、55c…発信回路(駆動回路)、60…回路基板、61…セラミック基板、62…コンデンサチップ、63…ダイオードチップ、64…絶縁ケース、70…圧電昇圧トランス制御回路、71…セラミック基板、81…X線選択デバイス、82…X線分析装置、X線透過像計測装置又はX線干渉計、83…試料、84…X線検出器、85…データ処理装置。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Primary power supply, 2 ... Micro focus X-ray tube (X-ray generator), 11 ... Primary power supply connection cable, 12 ... Internal high voltage wiring, 21 ... Small high voltage power supply, 22 ... Electron source (filament), 24 ... Wehnelt 25 ... X-ray target, 26 ... X-ray transmission window, 27 ... X-ray, 28 ... cable, 29 ... convergent electron beam, 211 ... filament power supply, 212 ... high voltage insulation transformer, 30, 30a, 30b, 30c ... piezoelectric booster Transformer 31, plate-shaped piezoelectric ceramic, 32 ... metal electrode, 33 ... external electrode, 34 ... external electrode, 41 ... AC input, 42 ... boosted voltage, 50, 50a, 50b, 50c ... Cockcroft half-wave rectification Multiplier circuit (voltage boosting rectifier circuit), 51... VCO (voltage control oscillator), 52 a, 52 b... Phase control circuit, 53. 55a, 55b, 55c ... transmission circuit (drive circuit), 60 ... circuit board, 61 ... ceramic substrate, 62 ... capacitor chip, 63 ... diode chip, 64 ... insulating case, 70 ... piezoelectric step-up transformer control circuit, 71 ... Ceramic substrate, 81... X-ray selection device, 82... X-ray analyzer, X-ray transmission image measuring device or X-ray interferometer, 83... Sample, 84.

Claims (8)

電子源と該電子源から得られる収束された電子ビームが照射されるX線ターゲットとを有し、X線を発生させるためのX線管で構成されたX線発生装置であって、入力される交流あるいは直流の電力を10−200kHzの高周波交流電力に変換する駆動回路と該駆動回路により変換された前記高周波交流電力を熱発生や電磁放射ノイズを抑制して昇圧する圧電昇圧トランスと該圧電昇圧トランスで昇圧された交流電力を昇圧整流して30−100kVの高電圧を得て前記電子源と前記X線ターゲットとの間に負荷する電圧昇圧用整流回路とを有する小型高圧電源を前記X線管球の内部に設置し、前記電圧昇圧用整流回路の高電圧の出力と前記負荷との間を接続する高電圧ケーブルを前記X線管球の外部に設けないことを特徴とするX線発生装置。   An X-ray generator comprising an X-ray tube for generating X-rays, comprising an electron source and an X-ray target irradiated with a focused electron beam obtained from the electron source, Drive circuit for converting AC or DC power to high frequency AC power of 10-200 kHz, a piezoelectric step-up transformer for boosting the high frequency AC power converted by the drive circuit while suppressing heat generation and electromagnetic radiation noise, and the piezoelectric A compact high-voltage power supply having a voltage boosting rectifier circuit that boosts and rectifies AC power boosted by a boosting transformer to obtain a high voltage of 30 to 100 kV and loads between the electron source and the X-ray target. An X-ray characterized in that a high-voltage cable that is installed inside the tube and connects between the high-voltage output of the voltage boosting rectifier circuit and the load is not provided outside the X-ray tube. Generation Place. 前記小型高圧電源における前記圧電昇圧トランスは複数並列に用いて構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のX線発生装置。   The X-ray generator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the piezoelectric step-up transformers in the small high-voltage power source are used in parallel. 前記小型高圧電源における前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々は、前記駆動回路から得られる前記高周波電力の位相を制御して用いることにより電力を発生させることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のX線発生装置。   3. The power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers in the small high-voltage power source generates power by controlling and using a phase of the high-frequency power obtained from the drive circuit. X-ray generator. 前記小型高圧電源における前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々に前記電圧昇圧用整流回路の各々を接続して構成したことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載のX線発生装置。   4. The X-ray generator according to claim 2, wherein each of the voltage boosting rectifier circuits is connected to each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers in the compact high-voltage power supply. 前記小型高圧電源に於いて、前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々において昇圧制御を行う高周波交流電力の周波数が同一であることを特徴とする請求項2乃至4の何れか一つに記載のX線発生装置。   5. The X-ray according to claim 2, wherein in the small high-voltage power source, the frequency of the high-frequency AC power for performing boost control in each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers is the same. Generator. 前記小型高圧電源に於いて、前記複数の圧電昇圧トランスの各々が圧電昇圧トランス・ユニット毎に基板上に圧電トランス及び電圧昇圧整流回路を一体化して基板上に形成してモジュール化された構造を有することを特徴とする請求項2乃至5の何れか一つに記載のX線発生装置。   In the small high-voltage power supply, each of the plurality of piezoelectric step-up transformers has a modularized structure in which a piezoelectric transformer and a voltage step-up rectifier circuit are integrally formed on the substrate for each piezoelectric step-up transformer unit. The X-ray generator according to claim 2, wherein the X-ray generator is provided. 前記X線管の外部に設けられた一次電源から前記X線管の内部に設置された前記小型高圧電源に入力させる電源供給が12−100Vの低電圧であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか一つに記載のX線発生装置。   The power supply to be input from the primary power supply provided outside the X-ray tube to the small high-voltage power supply installed inside the X-ray tube is a low voltage of 12-100V. The X-ray generation device according to any one of 5. 請求項1乃至7の何れか一つに記載のX線発生装置を備えたことを特徴とするX線計測装置。   An X-ray measurement apparatus comprising the X-ray generation apparatus according to claim 1.
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