JP2010238648A - Air cell - Google Patents

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JP2010238648A
JP2010238648A JP2009088028A JP2009088028A JP2010238648A JP 2010238648 A JP2010238648 A JP 2010238648A JP 2009088028 A JP2009088028 A JP 2009088028A JP 2009088028 A JP2009088028 A JP 2009088028A JP 2010238648 A JP2010238648 A JP 2010238648A
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negative electrode
air battery
positive electrode
electrolyte
aluminum
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Toru Joboji
亨 上坊寺
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Equos Research Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air cell which has a high energy density, can be manufactured inexpensively, and in which high voltage can be obtained over a long period of time. <P>SOLUTION: The air cell has a positive electrode 1 which has a catalyst that reduces oxygen and into which air is supplied, a negative electrode 3 having a metal, and an electrolyte 5 interposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3. The metal is aluminum or aluminum-based alloy. The electrolyte 5 has a hydrophobic ion liquid containing fluorine-based anion and a salt that ionizes chlorine ion dissolved in the ion liquid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、負極に金属を用いた空気電池に関する。   The present invention relates to an air battery using a metal for a negative electrode.

空気電池では、特許文献1に記載されているように、正極(陽極)は酸素を還元するPt等の触媒を有しつつ空気が供給されるようになっている。また、負極(陰極)は、電解質中に溶解する金属を有している。正極と負極との間には電解質が介在されている。   In the air battery, as described in Patent Document 1, the positive electrode (anode) is supplied with air while having a catalyst such as Pt that reduces oxygen. The negative electrode (cathode) has a metal that dissolves in the electrolyte. An electrolyte is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

一般的な空気電池では、負極の金属が電解質中に溶解して陽イオンとなり、これによって生じた電子が集電板に集められる。このため、空気電池の正極と負極との間に導線で接続された負荷が設けられれば、負極の電子は負荷を通って正極に移動するとともに、陽イオンは正極に引き付けられ、正極の表面で陽イオンに電子が与えられる。こうして、空気電池には起電力が生じる。   In a general air battery, the metal of the negative electrode is dissolved in an electrolyte to become a cation, and the electrons generated thereby are collected on a current collector plate. For this reason, if a load connected by a conducting wire is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the air battery, the electrons of the negative electrode move to the positive electrode through the load, and the cations are attracted to the positive electrode. Electrons are given to cations. Thus, an electromotive force is generated in the air battery.

ところで、空気電池には高電圧かつ高エネルギー密度が要求されている。そのため、蒸気圧をもたない疎水性のイオン液体を電解質とし、電解質の揮発による出力低下を抑制した空気電池が検討されている。その中でも、フッ素系アニオンを含むイオン液体を電解質とした空気電池では、水による負極の自己放電反応が抑制され、さらに高エネルギー密度の空気電池になることが検討されている。また、この空気電池では、アルミニウム等の卑金属を負極として採用することが可能になる。   By the way, a high voltage and a high energy density are required for the air battery. Therefore, an air battery in which a hydrophobic ionic liquid having no vapor pressure is used as an electrolyte and an output decrease due to volatilization of the electrolyte is suppressed has been studied. Among these, in an air battery using an ionic liquid containing a fluorine-based anion as an electrolyte, it has been studied that the self-discharge reaction of the negative electrode due to water is suppressed and an air battery having a higher energy density is obtained. In this air battery, a base metal such as aluminum can be used as the negative electrode.

特開2008−66202号公報JP 2008-66202 A

しかし、発明者の確認によれば、電解質をフッ素系アニオンを含む疎水性のイオン液体とし、負極の金属をアルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金とした場合、イオン液体中のフッ素により負極の表面に不動態膜が形成され、負極の電気化学的溶解が継続しない。このため、この空気電池では、長期の使用によって過電圧を生じ、長期間は高電圧が得られないという懸念もある。   However, according to the inventor's confirmation, when the electrolyte is a hydrophobic ionic liquid containing a fluorine-based anion and the metal of the negative electrode is aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy, a passive film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode by fluorine in the ionic liquid. Is formed, and the electrochemical dissolution of the negative electrode does not continue. For this reason, in this air battery, there is a concern that an overvoltage is generated by long-term use and a high voltage cannot be obtained for a long time.

本発明は、上記従来の実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、エネルギー密度が高く、安価に製造可能であり、かつ長期に亘って高電圧が得られる空気電池を提供することを解決すべき課題としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and should solve the problem of providing an air battery that has high energy density, can be manufactured at low cost, and can obtain a high voltage over a long period of time. It is an issue.

本発明の空気電池は、酸素を還元する触媒を有しつつ空気が供給される正極と、金属を有する負極と、該正極と該負極との間に介在された電解質とを有する空気電池において、
前記金属はアルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金であり、
前記電解質は、フッ素系アニオンを含む疎水性のイオン液体と、該イオン液体中に溶解された塩素イオンを電離する塩とを有することを特徴とする(請求項1)。
The air battery of the present invention is an air battery having a positive electrode to which air is supplied while having a catalyst for reducing oxygen, a negative electrode having a metal, and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
The metal is aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy,
The electrolyte includes a hydrophobic ionic liquid containing a fluorine-based anion and a salt that ionizes chlorine ions dissolved in the ionic liquid (claim 1).

負極のアルミニウムは、BF4 -、PF6 -等のフッ素系アニオンからなるイオン液体中において、次のような反応により不動態化が進行し、耐食性が与えられると考えている。 It is considered that the aluminum of the negative electrode is passivated by the following reaction in an ionic liquid composed of a fluorine-based anion such as BF 4 , PF 6 , and is given corrosion resistance.

Al+3BF4 -→AlF3+3BF3+3e- Al + 3BF 4 → AlF 3 + 3BF 3 + 3e

Al+3PF6 -→AlF3+3PF5+3e- Al + 3PF 6 → AlF 3 + 3PF 5 + 3e

これに対し、本発明の空気電池では、塩素イオンを電離する塩がイオン液体中に溶解されているため、負極の溶解が持続的に生じる。この理由はその塩による塩素イオンによって不動態膜に孔食を生じるからであると考えている。このため、この空気電池では、長期の使用によって過電圧を生じ難い。   On the other hand, in the air battery of the present invention, the salt that ionizes chlorine ions is dissolved in the ionic liquid, so that dissolution of the negative electrode occurs continuously. The reason for this is thought to be that pitting corrosion occurs in the passive film by chloride ions from the salt. For this reason, in this air battery, it is hard to produce overvoltage by long-term use.

したがって、本発明の空気電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、安価に製造可能であり、かつ長期に亘って高電圧を出力することが可能である。   Therefore, the air battery of the present invention has a high energy density, can be manufactured at low cost, and can output a high voltage over a long period of time.

正極は導電体と触媒とからなり得る。また、正極は集電板を有し得る。正極の触媒は、Pt、MnO2、ペロブスカイト型酸化物等であり得る。負極は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金である。負極も集電板を有し得る。 The positive electrode can consist of a conductor and a catalyst. The positive electrode may have a current collector plate. The catalyst for the positive electrode may be Pt, MnO 2 , perovskite oxide, or the like. The negative electrode is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The negative electrode can also have a current collector.

フッ素系アニオンとしては、BF4 -、PF6 -、CF3SO3 -、(CF3SO22-、(C254NF4 -等を採用することができる。 As the fluorine-based anion, BF 4 , PF 6 , CF 3 SO 3 , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N , (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NF 4 − and the like can be employed.

塩素イオンを電離する塩としては、NaCl、KCl、LiCl等を採用することが可能である。   As a salt for ionizing chloride ions, NaCl, KCl, LiCl, or the like can be employed.

発明者の確認によれば、塩素イオンを電離する塩はイオン液体中に1mmol/L以上溶解されていることが好ましい(請求項2)。また、その塩は安価なNaClであることが好ましい(請求項3)。   According to the inventor's confirmation, it is preferable that 1 mmol / L or more of the salt ionizing chloride ions is dissolved in the ionic liquid (claim 2). The salt is preferably inexpensive NaCl (Claim 3).

実施例の空気電池の模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section of the air battery of an Example. イオン液体中のアルミニウムの酸化電流を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the oxidation current of aluminum in an ionic liquid.

以下、本発明を具体化した実施例を図面を参照しつつ説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

実施例の空気電池では、図1に示すように、正極1は導電体とPt等の酸素を還元する触媒とからなる。導電体には図示しない集電板が一体に設けられている。正極1には空気が供給されるようになっており、正極1の一端には正極端子2が接続されている。   In the air battery of the example, as shown in FIG. 1, the positive electrode 1 is composed of a conductor and a catalyst that reduces oxygen such as Pt. A current collector (not shown) is integrally provided on the conductor. Air is supplied to the positive electrode 1, and a positive electrode terminal 2 is connected to one end of the positive electrode 1.

負極4はアルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金を有している。負極にも図示しない集電板が一体に設けられており、集電板の一端には負極端子4が接続されている。   The negative electrode 4 has aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy. A current collector plate (not shown) is also provided integrally with the negative electrode, and a negative electrode terminal 4 is connected to one end of the current collector plate.

正極1と負極3との間には電解質5が介在されている。この電解質5は、フッ素系アニオンとしての(CF3SO22-を含む疎水性のイオン液体と、イオン液体中に溶解されたNaClとからなる。 An electrolyte 5 is interposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3. The electrolyte 5 is composed of a hydrophobic ionic liquid containing (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N as a fluorine-based anion and NaCl dissolved in the ionic liquid.

以上のように構成された空気電池では、負極3の金属が電解質中に溶解して陽イオンとなり、これによって生じた電子が負極3の集電板に集められる。このため、空気電池の正極端子2と負極端子4との間に導線で接続された負荷6が設けられれば、負極3の電子は負荷6を通って正極1に移動するとともに、陽イオンは正極1に引き付けられ、正極1の表面で陽イオンに電子が与えられることになる。こうして、空気電池には起電力が生じる。   In the air battery configured as described above, the metal of the negative electrode 3 is dissolved in the electrolyte to be a cation, and the electrons generated thereby are collected on the current collector plate of the negative electrode 3. For this reason, if the load 6 connected by the conducting wire is provided between the positive electrode terminal 2 and the negative electrode terminal 4 of the air battery, the electrons of the negative electrode 3 move to the positive electrode 1 through the load 6 and the cation is positive. At this time, electrons are given to cations on the surface of the positive electrode 1. Thus, an electromotive force is generated in the air battery.

この間、この空気電池では、NaClがイオン液体中に溶解されているため、負極3の溶解が持続的に生じる。このため、この空気電池では、長期の使用によって過電圧を生じ難い。   In the meantime, in this air battery, since NaCl is dissolved in the ionic liquid, the negative electrode 3 is continuously dissolved. For this reason, in this air battery, it is hard to produce overvoltage by long-term use.

したがって、この空気電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、安価に製造可能であり、かつ長期に亘って高電圧を出力することが可能である。   Therefore, this air battery has high energy density, can be manufactured at low cost, and can output a high voltage over a long period of time.

図2にイオン液体中におけるアルミニウムの酸化電流を示す。ここでは、作用極をアルミニウム、対極をPt、電解質を1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム/ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミド)、参照極をAg/Ag+としている。 FIG. 2 shows the oxidation current of aluminum in the ionic liquid. Here, the working electrode is aluminum, the counter electrode is Pt, the electrolyte is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium / bis (trifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and the reference electrode is Ag / Ag + .

図2より、イオン液体中に塩素イオンを電離する塩を添加しなければ、不動態膜の形成により過電圧を生じ、電流値が徐々に低下して行くことがわかる。これに対し、イオン液体中にNaClを添加すれば、過電圧を生じ難く、電流値が低下し難い。   FIG. 2 shows that unless a salt that ionizes chlorine ions is added to the ionic liquid, an overvoltage is generated due to the formation of a passive film, and the current value gradually decreases. On the other hand, when NaCl is added to the ionic liquid, it is difficult to cause overvoltage and the current value is unlikely to decrease.

以上において、本発明を実施例に即して説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に制限されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更して適用できることはいうまでもない。   While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be appropriately modified and applied without departing from the spirit thereof.

本発明は、電気自動車、ハイブリッド車等の蓄電池等に利用可能である。   The present invention can be used for storage batteries such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.

1…正極
3…負極
5…電解質
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Positive electrode 3 ... Negative electrode 5 ... Electrolyte

Claims (3)

酸素を還元する触媒を有しつつ空気が供給される正極と、金属を有する負極と、該正極と該負極との間に介在された電解質とを有する空気電池において、
前記金属はアルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金であり、
前記電解質は、フッ素系アニオンを含む疎水性のイオン液体と、該イオン液体中に溶解された塩素イオンを電離する塩とを有することを特徴とする空気電池。
In an air battery having a positive electrode supplied with air while having a catalyst for reducing oxygen, a negative electrode having a metal, and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
The metal is aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy,
The air battery characterized in that the electrolyte has a hydrophobic ionic liquid containing a fluorine-based anion and a salt that ionizes chlorine ions dissolved in the ionic liquid.
前記塩は前記イオン液体中に1mmol/L以上溶解されている請求項1記載の空気電池。   The air battery according to claim 1, wherein the salt is dissolved in the ionic liquid by 1 mmol / L or more. 前記塩はNaClである請求項2記載の空気電池。   The air battery according to claim 2, wherein the salt is NaCl.
JP2009088028A 2009-03-31 2009-03-31 Air cell Pending JP2010238648A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013530494A (en) * 2010-05-12 2013-07-25 アリゾナ ボード オブ リージェンツ アクティング フォー アンド オン ビハーフ オブ アリゾナ ステイト ユニバーシティ Metal-air battery with performance-enhancing additives

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9184478B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2015-11-10 Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive
US10374236B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2019-08-06 Arizona Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive
US11196057B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2021-12-07 Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive
JP2013530494A (en) * 2010-05-12 2013-07-25 アリゾナ ボード オブ リージェンツ アクティング フォー アンド オン ビハーフ オブ アリゾナ ステイト ユニバーシティ Metal-air battery with performance-enhancing additives
JP2017027948A (en) * 2010-05-12 2017-02-02 アリゾナ ボード オブ リージェンツ アクティング フォー アンド オン ビハーフ オブ アリゾナ ステイト ユニバーシティArizona Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive

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