JP2010216684A - Hot water supply system - Google Patents

Hot water supply system Download PDF

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JP2010216684A
JP2010216684A JP2009061882A JP2009061882A JP2010216684A JP 2010216684 A JP2010216684 A JP 2010216684A JP 2009061882 A JP2009061882 A JP 2009061882A JP 2009061882 A JP2009061882 A JP 2009061882A JP 2010216684 A JP2010216684 A JP 2010216684A
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hot water
heat pump
water supply
heating capacity
supply system
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Yasuhiro Niima
康博 新間
Tomoaki Tanabe
智明 田邊
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To supply large volume of hot water highly efficiency and minimize a heat release amount so as to save energy. <P>SOLUTION: This hot water supply system includes: a plurality of heat pump units 20 capable of changing heating capacity by varying the operation frequency of a compressor; and a system controller 100 for calculating heating capacity per unit necessary to achieve target hot water storage amount at target time and operating each heat pump unit 20 by the heating capacity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、貯湯機能と浴槽加温保温機能を備えた給湯システムに関し、特にエネルギの有効利用を容易に図ることができるものに関する。   The present invention relates to a hot water supply system having a hot water storage function and a bath warming / warming function, and particularly relates to an apparatus that can easily make effective use of energy.

例えば、病院、老人福祉施設、ホテル等の比較的多量の湯を使用する大容量給湯システムにおいて、複数のヒートポンプユニットと開放型タンクとを備え、夜電力時間帯に必要湯量に応じてヒートポンプユニットの運転台数を切り換えて貯湯運転を行う給湯システムが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
特開２００７−２０５６９８号公報 For example, in a large-capacity hot water supply system that uses a relatively large amount of hot water in hospitals, elderly welfare facilities, hotels, etc., it is equipped with a plurality of heat pump units and open tanks. A hot water supply system that performs hot water storage operation by switching the number of operating units is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP 2007-205698 A

上述した給湯システムでは、次のような問題があった。すなわち、各ヒートポンプユニットが全数定格加熱能力にて貯湯運転を行っている。夏季においては貯湯運転開始から早い時刻に目標貯湯量に達する分、貯湯タンクからの放熱量が大きくなり、貯湯タンク内の湯を所定の温度（例えば６５℃）に保つために設けられる保温装置や再加熱ユニットで消費される電力量も大きくなっていた。   The hot water supply system described above has the following problems. That is, each heat pump unit performs hot water storage operation with the total rated heating capacity. In summer, the amount of heat dissipated from the hot water storage tank increases by the amount that reaches the target hot water storage amount at an early time from the start of the hot water storage operation, and The amount of power consumed by the reheating unit was also large.

そこで本発明は、大容量の給湯を高い効率で行うとともに、放熱量を最小限に抑えることで省エネルギ性に優れた給湯システムを提供することを目的としている。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a hot water supply system excellent in energy saving by performing a large capacity hot water supply with high efficiency and minimizing a heat radiation amount.

前記課題を解決し目的を達成するために、本発明の給湯システムは次のように構成されている。   In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the hot water supply system of the present invention is configured as follows.

圧縮機の運転周波数を可変することにより加熱能力を変更できる複数台のヒートポンプユニットと、目標時刻で目標貯湯量となるために必要な１台あたりの加熱能力を算出する算出部と、この算出部により算出された加熱能力で前記ヒートポンプユニットを駆動する駆動部とを備えている。   A plurality of heat pump units that can change the heating capacity by changing the operating frequency of the compressor, a calculation unit that calculates the heating capacity per unit required to reach the target hot water storage amount at the target time, and the calculation unit And a drive unit that drives the heat pump unit with the heating capacity calculated by the above.

本発明によれば、大容量の給湯を高い効率で行うとともに、放熱量を最小限に抑えることで高い省エネルギ性を得ることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while performing a large capacity hot water supply with high efficiency, high energy saving property can be obtained by restraining the amount of heat radiation to the minimum.

図１は本発明の一実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯システム１０の構成を示す説明図である。図１に示すように、ヒートポンプ給湯システム１０は、ヒートポンプ式給湯装置の水熱交換部（図示しない）で温水を生成し供給する例えば７台のヒートポンプユニット２０と、開放型タンク３０とを備えている。なお、図１中１００はシステムコントローラ（制御部）を示しており、システム各部を連携制御する機能を有している。   FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a heat pump hot water supply system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump hot water supply system 10 includes, for example, seven heat pump units 20 that generate and supply hot water in a water heat exchanger (not shown) of a heat pump hot water supply device and an open tank 30. Yes. Note that reference numeral 100 in FIG. 1 denotes a system controller (control unit), which has a function of cooperatively controlling each part of the system.

ヒートポンプユニット２０には、外部の水道管から冷水が供給される冷水供給管４０と、開放型タンク３０に温水を供給する温水供給管５０とがそれぞれ接続されている。冷水供給管４０には入口水温センサ４１、温水供給管５０には出口湯温センサ５１が取り付けられ、それぞれの出力がシステムコントローラ１００に入力されている。ヒートポンプユニット２０は、システムコントローラ（制御部）１００によって稼働台数及びコンプレッサ（圧縮機）の運転周波数が制御されている。なお、図１中６０は外気温を測定する外気温センサを示している。上記温度センサ４１，５１，６０は、ヒートポンプユニット２０に内蔵されていても良い。 開放型タンク３０には、蛇口、浴槽、シャワー等の利用端末へ供給する給湯配管３１が接続されている。また、開放型タンク３０の底部には、湯量を測定する湯量センサ３２と、湯温を測定する湯温センサ３３とが設けられている。湯量センサ３２及び湯温センサ３３の出力は、システムコントローラ１００に入力されている。   The heat pump unit 20 is connected to a cold water supply pipe 40 that is supplied with cold water from an external water pipe and a hot water supply pipe 50 that supplies hot water to the open-type tank 30. An inlet water temperature sensor 41 is attached to the cold water supply pipe 40, and an outlet hot water temperature sensor 51 is attached to the hot water supply pipe 50, and their outputs are input to the system controller 100. In the heat pump unit 20, the number of operating units and the operation frequency of the compressor (compressor) are controlled by a system controller (control unit) 100. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 60 denotes an outside air temperature sensor that measures the outside air temperature. The temperature sensors 41, 51, 60 may be built in the heat pump unit 20. Connected to the open tank 30 is a hot water supply pipe 31 that supplies a terminal such as a faucet, a bathtub, or a shower. Further, a hot water amount sensor 32 for measuring the hot water amount and a hot water temperature sensor 33 for measuring the hot water temperature are provided at the bottom of the open tank 30. Outputs from the hot water sensor 32 and the hot water temperature sensor 33 are input to the system controller 100.

さらに、開放型タンク３０には、内部の温水の温度を所定温度に保つための再加熱ヒートポンプ３４が接続されている。   Furthermore, a reheating heat pump 34 is connected to the open tank 30 to keep the temperature of the hot water inside at a predetermined temperature.

システムコントローラ１００は、冷水供給管４０からヒートポンプユニット２０に導入される水温、及び、温水供給管５０から排出される湯温、開放型タンク３０の湯量・湯温、現在時刻、外気温等から必要な加熱量を算出し、各ヒートポンプユニット２０を駆動する。   The system controller 100 is necessary based on the water temperature introduced into the heat pump unit 20 from the cold water supply pipe 40, the hot water temperature discharged from the hot water supply pipe 50, the hot water volume / hot water temperature of the open tank 30, the current time, the outside air temperature, etc. A proper heating amount is calculated, and each heat pump unit 20 is driven.

なお、システムコントローラ１００は、各ヒートポンプ２０の外気温度、入口水温、出湯温度などに関する加熱能力特性を記憶している。図２は、ヒートポンプ２０の出湯温度６５℃、入口水温１７℃における加熱能力特性を示す一例である。また、図３はこのヒートポンプ２０における外気温度１６℃、出湯温度６５℃時におけるコンプレッサ運転周波数（Ｈｚ）、加熱能力（ｋＷ）、運転効率の関係を示したものである。なお、定格運転時は運転周波数が６０（Ｈｚ）に設定されている。   Note that the system controller 100 stores heating capacity characteristics regarding the outside air temperature, the inlet water temperature, the hot water temperature, and the like of each heat pump 20. FIG. 2 is an example showing the heating capacity characteristics of the heat pump 20 at a tapping temperature of 65 ° C. and an inlet water temperature of 17 ° C. FIG. 3 shows the relationship among the compressor operating frequency (Hz), the heating capacity (kW), and the operating efficiency when the heat pump 20 has an outside air temperature of 16 ° C. and a tapping temperature of 65 ° C. The operating frequency is set to 60 (Hz) during rated operation.

システムコントローラ１００は、目標時刻で目標貯湯量となるために必要な１台あたりの加熱能力を算出し（算出部）、加熱能力でヒートポンプユニット２０を駆動する（駆動部）機能及び所定時間毎に必要な加熱能力を再計算する機能を有している。   The system controller 100 calculates the heating capacity per unit required to reach the target hot water storage amount at the target time (calculation unit), drives the heat pump unit 20 with the heating capacity (drive unit), and every predetermined time It has a function to recalculate the required heating capacity.

このように構成されたヒートポンプ給湯システム１０は、次のように動作する。例えば、翌朝７：００に開放型タンク３０内の湯が目標の湯量（１８トン）・湯温（６５℃）とする場合について説明する。なお、現在の残湯量は８トンとする。   The heat pump hot water supply system 10 configured as described above operates as follows. For example, a case will be described in which the hot water in the open tank 30 is set to a target hot water volume (18 tons) and hot water temperature (65 ° C.) at 7:00 the next morning. The remaining amount of hot water is 8 tons.

ここで、必要なエネルギ量を算出すると、
（開放型タンクへの投入温度−水道水温度）×（開放型タンクへの貯湯量）
＝（６５［℃］−１７［℃］）×（１８［トン］−８［トン］）
＝４８００００［ｋｃａｌ］
＝５５８［ｋＷ］
現在、２２：００であるので翌朝７：００まで９［Ｈ］となる。したがって、
５５８［ｋＷ］／７［台］／９［Ｈ］＝８．８［ｋＷ］
図３を参照すると、８．８［ｋＷ］に対応する運転周波数は４０［Ｈｚ］となる。このため、翌朝７：００に目標の湯量・湯温とするために各ヒートポンプユニット２０をそれぞれ４０［Ｈｚ］で運転する。なお、このときの運転効率は５．３となる。なお、開放型タンク３０からの放熱を補償するために再加熱ヒートポンプ３４で加熱を行うが、翌朝７：００になるまでは湯量が目標値に達していないので、開放型タンクからの放熱量を最小限に抑えることができる。 Here, when the required amount of energy is calculated,
(Temperature in open tank-tap water temperature) x (Hot water storage in open tank)
= (65 [° C.] − 17 [° C.]) × (18 [tons] −8 [tons])
= 480000 [kcal]
= 558 [kW]
Since it is currently 22:00, it will be 9 [H] until 7:00 the next morning. Therefore,
558 [kW] / 7 [unit] / 9 [H] = 8.8 [kW]
Referring to FIG. 3, the operating frequency corresponding to 8.8 [kW] is 40 [Hz]. For this reason, each heat pump unit 20 is operated at 40 [Hz] at 7:00 in the next morning in order to obtain the target hot water amount and hot water temperature. The operating efficiency at this time is 5.3. In order to compensate for the heat radiation from the open tank 30, heating is performed by the reheat heat pump 34, but the amount of hot water has not reached the target value until 7:00 the next morning. Can be minimized.

ここで、比較例として全てのヒートポンプユニット２０を定格運転（６０Ｈｚ・１４ｋＷ）で駆動する場合を考えると、
５５８［ｋＷ］／１４［ｋＷ］／７［台］＝５．７［Ｈ］
で、必要貯湯を完了する。すなわち、２２：００に運転開始すると、翌朝３：４５に貯湯が完了する。このため、翌朝７：００までは開放型タンク３０からの放熱を補償するために再加熱ヒートポンプ３４で加熱を行う。なお、このときの貯湯運転効率は４．５となる。 Here, as a comparative example, considering the case where all the heat pump units 20 are driven at rated operation (60 Hz · 14 kW),
558 [kW] / 14 [kW] / 7 [unit] = 5.7 [H]
And the necessary hot water storage is completed. That is, when operation starts at 22:00, hot water storage is completed at 3:45 the next morning. Therefore, heating is performed by the reheating heat pump 34 to compensate for heat radiation from the open tank 30 until 7:00 the next morning. The hot water storage operation efficiency at this time is 4.5.

したがって、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯システム１０による給湯では、比較例に対して効率を約１７％程度改善でき、また再加熱ユニットの運転を最小限に抑えることができるので、合計で２割以上の省エネルギ効果が得られる。   Therefore, in the hot water supply by the heat pump hot water supply system 10 according to the present embodiment, the efficiency can be improved by about 17% compared to the comparative example, and the operation of the reheating unit can be minimized, so that the total is 20%. The above energy saving effect can be obtained.

次に、給湯中に湯を使用した場合における制御手法について説明する。例えば、上述した条件下で２３：００〜２３：５９に２トンの湯を使用すると、翌朝７：００に２トンの湯が足りないことになる。   Next, a control method when hot water is used during hot water supply will be described. For example, if 2 tons of hot water is used at 23:00:00 to 23:59 under the above-described conditions, 2 tons of hot water will be insufficient at 7:00 the next morning.

そこで、２４：００の時点で翌朝７：００に目標の湯量・湯温とするための運転方法を再算出する。   Therefore, the operation method for setting the target hot water amount and hot water temperature at 7:00 the next morning at 24:00 is recalculated.

上述した条件下で給湯を開始した場合、１時間あたりの貯湯量は、
９［ｋＷ］×８６０×７［台］／（６５［℃］−１７［℃］）＝１．１［トン／Ｈ］
となる。 When hot water supply is started under the above conditions, the amount of hot water stored per hour is
9 [kW] × 860 × 7 [unit] / (65 [° C.] − 17 [° C.]) = 1.1 [ton / H]
It becomes.

したがって、２４：００時点での残湯量は、
８［トン］−２［トン］＋１．１［トン／Ｈ］×２［トン］＝９．８［トン］
したがって、必要なエネルギ量を算出すると、
（開放型タンクへの投入温度−水道水温度）×（開放型タンクへの貯湯量）
＝（６５［℃］−１７［℃］）×（９．８［トン］）
＝４７０４００［ｋｃａｌ］
＝５４７［ｋＷ］
現在、２４：００であるので翌朝７：００まで７［Ｈ］となる。したがって、
５４７［ｋＷ］／７［台］／７［Ｈ］＝１１．２［ｋＷ］
図３を参照すると、１１．２［ｋＷ］に対応する運転周波数は５０［Ｈｚ］となる。このため、翌朝７：００に目標の湯量・湯温とするために各ヒートポンプユニット２０をそれぞれ５０［Ｈｚ］で運転する。なお、目標残湯量に達する時刻を算出すると、
５４７［ｋＷ］／１２［ｋＷ］／７［台］＝６．５［Ｈ］
したがって、翌朝６：３０に目標残湯量に達することとなり、その後は保温されることとなる。 Therefore, the remaining hot water amount at 24:00 is
8 [tons] -2 [tons] +1.1 [tons / H] × 2 [tons] = 9.8 [tons]
Therefore, when calculating the amount of energy required,
(Temperature in open tank-tap water temperature) x (Hot water storage in open tank)
= (65 [° C.]-17 [° C.]) × (9.8 [tons])
= 470400 [kcal]
= 547 [kW]
Since it is currently 24:00, it will be 7 [H] until 7:00 the next morning. Therefore,
547 [kW] / 7 [unit] / 7 [H] = 11.2 [kW]
Referring to FIG. 3, the operating frequency corresponding to 11.2 [kW] is 50 [Hz]. For this reason, each heat pump unit 20 is operated at 50 [Hz] at 7:00 in the next morning in order to obtain the target hot water amount and hot water temperature. When calculating the time to reach the target remaining hot water volume,
547 [kW] / 12 [kW] / 7 [unit] = 6.5 [H]
Therefore, the target remaining hot water amount is reached at 6:30 the next morning, and then the temperature is kept warm.

なお、上述したコンプレッサの運転周波数は１０［Ｈｚ］刻みであったが、必要な加熱能力に応じて細かく運転周波数を制御するようにしてもよい。   In addition, although the operating frequency of the compressor mentioned above was a 10 [Hz] unit, you may make it control an operating frequency finely according to required heating capability.

上述したように本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯システム１０によれば、目標時刻で目標貯湯量となるために必要な１台あたりの加熱能力を算出し、その加熱能力となるようにコンプレッサの運転周波数を制御しているので、開放タンク３０に貯められた湯からの放熱量を最小限に抑えることができる。また、定格運転における運転効率よりも高い運転効率の運転周波数でコンプレッサを駆動することができるので、上述した放熱量の低減と併せて高い省エネルギ効果を得ることができる。   As described above, according to the heat pump hot water supply system 10 according to the present embodiment, the heating capacity per unit required to reach the target hot water storage amount at the target time is calculated, and the compressor operation is performed so as to be the heating capacity. Since the frequency is controlled, the amount of heat released from the hot water stored in the open tank 30 can be minimized. In addition, since the compressor can be driven at an operation frequency with an operation efficiency higher than the operation efficiency in the rated operation, it is possible to obtain a high energy saving effect in combination with the reduction of the heat radiation amount described above.

なお、本発明は前記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形実施可能であるのは勿論である。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明の一実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ給湯システムの構成を示す図。The figure which shows the structure of the heat pump hot-water supply system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. 同ヒートポンプ給湯システムに組み込まれたヒートポンプの加熱能力特性の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the heating capability characteristic of the heat pump incorporated in the heat pump hot-water supply system. 同ヒートポンプにおけるコンプレッサ運転周波数、加熱能力、運転効率の関係の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the relationship of the compressor operation frequency in the same heat pump, heating capability, and operation efficiency.

１０…ヒートポンプ給湯システム、２０…ヒートポンプユニット、３０…開放型タンク、４０…冷水供給管、５０…温水供給管、６０…外気温センサ、１００…システムコントローラ（制御部）。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Heat pump hot water supply system, 20 ... Heat pump unit, 30 ... Open type tank, 40 ... Cold water supply pipe, 50 ... Hot water supply pipe, 60 ... Outside temperature sensor, 100 ... System controller (control part).

Claims (2)

圧縮機の運転周波数を可変することにより加熱能力を変更できる複数台のヒートポンプユニットと、
目標時刻で目標貯湯量となるために必要な１台あたりの加熱能力を算出する算出部と、
この算出部により算出された加熱能力で前記ヒートポンプユニットを駆動する駆動部とを備えていることを特徴とする給湯システム。 A plurality of heat pump units that can change the heating capacity by varying the operating frequency of the compressor;
A calculation unit that calculates the heating capacity per vehicle necessary to reach the target hot water storage amount at the target time;
A hot water supply system comprising: a drive unit that drives the heat pump unit with the heating capacity calculated by the calculation unit. 前記算出部は、所定時間毎に前記加熱能力を再計算することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の給湯システム。 The hot water supply system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation unit recalculates the heating capacity every predetermined time.
JP2009061882A 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Hot water supply system Pending JP2010216684A (en)

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JP2014119173A (en) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Composite hot water supply device, and method of controlling composite hot water supply device
JP2014126351A (en) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-07 Daikin Ind Ltd Hot water supply control system
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JP2014119173A (en) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Composite hot water supply device, and method of controlling composite hot water supply device
JP2014126351A (en) * 2012-12-27 2014-07-07 Daikin Ind Ltd Hot water supply control system
WO2015162798A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 三菱電機株式会社 Heat pump chilling system and control method therefor
JPWO2015162798A1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2017-04-13 三菱電機株式会社 Heat pump chilling system and control method thereof

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