JP2010215143A - Air conditioner for construction machinery - Google Patents

Air conditioner for construction machinery Download PDF

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JP2010215143A
JP2010215143A JP2009065813A JP2009065813A JP2010215143A JP 2010215143 A JP2010215143 A JP 2010215143A JP 2009065813 A JP2009065813 A JP 2009065813A JP 2009065813 A JP2009065813 A JP 2009065813A JP 2010215143 A JP2010215143 A JP 2010215143A
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air
air conditioner
outside air
cab
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Hidehiko Kato
英彦 加藤
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Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Sumitomo SHI Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance cooling and heating performance and improve heat balance of a vehicle body by securing a required pressurizing amount in a cab and preventing the entry of dust into the cab even though a blow-out air amount or air-conditioning load varies. <P>SOLUTION: An air conditioner 30 with inside air circulation/outside air introduction switching function is provided in a cab 14. An inside air introduction port 34 and outside air introduction port 31 are constituted so as to allow open/close control by a switching damper 37. The air conditioner 30 includes a drive motor 40 for turning and driving the switching damper 37 and a controller 42 for outputting a command signal to the drive motor 40. The outside air introduction amount can be successively or in multistages adjusted by displacing the switching damper 37 to an optimum turning position in response to a change in a blow-out air amount or air-conditioning load. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は建設機械の内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置に関するものであり、特に、外気導入量を連続的又は多段階的に調整できるようにした建設機械の空調装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an air conditioner with a function of switching between the inside air circulation and the outside air introduction of a construction machine, and more particularly to an air conditioner for a construction machine that can adjust the amount of outside air introduced continuously or in multiple stages.

従来、此種建設機械では上部旋回体上にキャブが搭載され、該キャブ内に空調装置が設置されている。そして、該空調装置は内気導入口（内気循環口）と外気導入口とを備え、内気導入口及び外気導入口は、切替ダンパにより開閉状態を交互に切り替えて内気又は外気を導入できるように構成されている。   Conventionally, in this type of construction machine, a cab is mounted on an upper swing body, and an air conditioner is installed in the cab. The air conditioner includes an inside air introduction port (an inside air circulation port) and an outside air introduction port, and the inside air introduction port and the outside air introduction port are configured to be able to introduce the inside air or the outside air by alternately switching the open / close state by a switching damper. Has been.

図５は、キャブ内に設置した内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置を示す。同図において、符号１は気密性の高い加圧構造タイプのキャブであり、該キャブ１内の略中央部にはオペーレータ用のシート２が設置され、キャブ１の一側面には、乗降口３を開閉するドア４が取り付けられている。   FIG. 5 shows an air conditioner with an inside air circulation / outside air introduction switching function installed in the cab. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a pressurized structure type cab having a high airtightness. An operator seat 2 is installed at a substantially central portion of the cab 1. A door 4 for opening and closing is attached.

又、シート２の後部には空調装置５が設置され、該空調装置５は、キャブ１外側の空気（外気）を取り入れる外気導入口６と、キャブ１の内側の空気（内気）を取り入れる内気導入口７と、該内気導入口７と外気導入口６を切替可能に開閉させる切替ダンパ（図示せず）と、内気導入口７又は外気導入口６から取り入れた空気を空調する空調ユニット本体（図示せず）とを具備している。   An air conditioner 5 is installed at the rear of the seat 2, and the air conditioner 5 introduces an outside air introduction port 6 for taking in air outside the cab 1 (outside air) and an inside air introduction for taking in air inside the cab 1 (inside air). A switching damper (not shown) that opens and closes the inside air introduction port 7 and the outside air introduction port 6 in a switchable manner, and an air conditioning unit main body that air-conditions air taken from the inside air introduction port 7 or the outside air introduction port 6 (see FIG. Not shown).

前記外気導入口６はキャブ１外に開口するように形成されている。又、外気導入口６及び内気導入口７の内側にはそれぞれ外気フィルタ及び内気フィルタ（図示せず）が収納されている。そして、空調ユニット本体で空調された空気は、図示しないダクト及び吹出し口を介してキャブ１内に送り出して冷房又は暖房を行う。   The outside air inlet 6 is formed so as to open outside the cab 1. An outside air filter and an inside air filter (not shown) are housed inside the outside air introduction port 6 and the inside air introduction port 7, respectively. The air conditioned by the air conditioning unit main body is sent out into the cab 1 through a duct and a blow-out port (not shown) to perform cooling or heating.

尚、前記空調装置は、内気導入口７又は外気導入口６から空気を導入するための送風ファンと、該送風ファンを駆動するファンモータと、前記送風ファンの下流側に設けられた暖房用のヒータ及びエバポレータと、冷媒用のコンデンサー並びにコンプレッサーなどから成る（特許文献１参照）。   The air conditioner includes a blower fan for introducing air from the inside air introduction port 7 or the outside air introduction port 6, a fan motor for driving the blower fan, and a heating fan provided on the downstream side of the blower fan. It consists of a heater and an evaporator, a refrigerant condenser, a compressor, and the like (see Patent Document 1).

特開平６−１９９１２５公報JP-A-6-199125

従来の空調装置は、内気循環モードの動作時には外気導入口側の空気通路を遮断して、１００％内気循環で動作させる。又、外気導入モードの動作時には、外気導入口側の空気通路を開放させるが、このとき、内気導入口側の空気通路の一部又は全部を遮断する。このように、外気をキャブ内に取り込むことで、空調装置の全体風量に対する外気の割合がほぼ一定となるように調整している。   The conventional air conditioner is operated with 100% inside air circulation by blocking the air passage on the outside air inlet side during operation in the inside air circulation mode. Further, during the operation in the outside air introduction mode, the air passage on the outside air introduction port side is opened, but at this time, part or all of the air passage on the inside air introduction port side is blocked. As described above, the ratio of the outside air to the total air volume of the air conditioner is adjusted to be substantially constant by taking the outside air into the cab.

上記空調装置は、内気循環と外気導入の動作モードの２段階で切替るように構成されている。その結果、空調装置に導入される全体の風量に対する外気導入量の割合は略一定になる（但し、加圧量で若干変化する）。   The air conditioner is configured to be switched in two stages of operation modes of inside air circulation and outside air introduction. As a result, the ratio of the outside air introduction amount to the total air amount introduced into the air conditioner becomes substantially constant (however, it changes slightly depending on the pressurization amount).

ここで、キャブ外の塵埃等の異物がキャブ内に侵入することを阻止するためには、キャブ内の気圧がキャブ外の気圧よりも所定値だけ高くなるように加圧する必要がある。この
場合、キャブ内の加圧量をある一定値に設定することにより、上記塵埃阻止効果を実用上充分得ることができる。 Here, in order to prevent foreign matters such as dust outside the cab from entering the cab, it is necessary to pressurize the air pressure inside the cab to be higher than the air pressure outside the cab by a predetermined value. In this case, the dust prevention effect can be obtained sufficiently practically by setting the amount of pressurization in the cab to a certain value.

又、キャブの気密性が一定である場合、キャブ内の加圧量を高くするためには、外気導入量を増加させる必要がある。しかし、外気導入量を必要以上増加させると、冷房性能若しくは暖房性能の低下、コンプレッサーの消費動力の増加、コンデンサーの放熱能力の増加を招き、車体のヒートバランスに悪影響を及ぼすこととなる。   When the airtightness of the cab is constant, it is necessary to increase the outside air introduction amount in order to increase the amount of pressurization in the cab. However, if the amount of outside air introduced is increased more than necessary, the cooling performance or heating performance is reduced, the power consumption of the compressor is increased, and the heat dissipation capability of the condenser is increased, which adversely affects the heat balance of the vehicle body.

更に、外気導入量の割合が一定である場合に、空調装置の吹出風量が少なくなると、それに応じて外気導入量も減少する。そして、通常の空調装置において、暖房と冷房の動作モードを相互に切り替える場合は、キャブ内の吹き出し口も切り替える必要がある。そのため、同一の吹出風量を設定した場合でも、暖房時における吹出風量と冷房時における吹出風量とは互いに異なることが多い。   Furthermore, when the ratio of the outside air introduction amount is constant, if the amount of air blown from the air conditioner decreases, the outside air introduction amount also decreases accordingly. And in a normal air conditioner, when switching the operation mode of heating and cooling mutually, it is necessary to also switch the blower outlet in a cab. Therefore, even when the same blown air volume is set, the blown air volume during heating and the blown air volume during cooling are often different from each other.

而して、吹出風量の多い動作モード時に、キャブ内で必要な加圧量を確保すべく、外気導入量又は外気導入割合を所定値に設定すると、吹出風量の小さいモードに切り替えて動作させたときに、必要な加圧量が得られなくなる。その結果、キャブ外の塵埃等がキャブ内に侵入しやすくなるという問題が生ずる。   Thus, in the operation mode with a large amount of blown air, when the outside air introduction amount or the outside air introduction ratio was set to a predetermined value in order to ensure the necessary amount of pressurization in the cab, the operation was switched to the mode with a small amount of blown air. Sometimes the required amount of pressurization cannot be obtained. As a result, there arises a problem that dust or the like outside the cab easily enters the cab.

又、吹出風量の少ないモードに動作させたときでも、必要な加圧量を確保できるように、外気導入量又は外気導入割合を所定値に設定すると、吹出風量の多いモードに切り替えて動作させたときに、キャブ内を適正状態に加圧するために必要な風量よりも多い外気が導入される。その結果、空調装置の冷房性能又は暖房性能が低下するという問題が生ずる。   In addition, even when operating in a mode with a small amount of blown air, when the outside air introduction amount or the outside air introduction ratio is set to a predetermined value so that a necessary pressurization amount can be secured, the mode is switched to a mode with a large amount of blown air. Sometimes more outside air is introduced than is necessary to pressurize the cab to an appropriate state. As a result, there arises a problem that the cooling performance or heating performance of the air conditioner deteriorates.

そこで、空調装置の吹出風量や冷房・暖房の動作モードが変更した場合でも、キャブ内の所要加圧量を確保してキャブ内への塵埃の侵入を防止し、且つ、冷房・暖房の性能を向上させると共に車体のヒートバランスを改善させるために解決すべき技術的課題が生じてくるのであり、本発明はこの課題を解決することを目的とする。   Therefore, even when the air flow of the air conditioner and the cooling / heating operation mode are changed, the required pressure inside the cab is secured to prevent dust from entering the cab, and the cooling / heating performance is improved. The technical problem which should be solved in order to improve and improve the heat balance of a vehicle body arises, and this invention aims at solving this problem.

本発明は上記目的を達成するために提案されたものであり、請求項１記載の発明は、キャブ内に内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置が設置され、且つ、該空調装置に設けた内気導入口及び外気導入口が切替ダンパの回動により開閉制御される建設機械の空調装置において、前記切替ダンパを回動させる駆動モータと、該駆動モータに指令信号を出力するコントローラとを備え、前記切替ダンパを任意の回動位置に開閉制御することにより、外気導入量を連続的又は多段階的に調整できるように構成して成る建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   The present invention has been proposed to achieve the above object, and the invention according to claim 1 is provided with an air conditioner with an inside air circulation / outside air introduction switching function installed in the cab and provided in the air conditioner. In an air conditioner of a construction machine in which the inside air introduction port and the outside air introduction port are controlled to be opened and closed by the rotation of the switching damper, the driving motor that rotates the switching damper, and a controller that outputs a command signal to the driving motor, Provided is an air conditioner for a construction machine which is configured so that the amount of outside air introduced can be adjusted continuously or in multiple stages by controlling the switching damper to open and close to an arbitrary rotational position.

この構成によれば、コントローラからの指令信号により駆動モータが作動し、該駆動モータの回動量に応じて切替ダンパの回動位置が変化して、内気導入口及び外気導入口の開閉量が制御される。その結果、外気導入モード時に、外気導入量が連続的又は多段階的に変化して調整される。従って、例えば、空調装置の吹出風量が変化した場合でも、必要量の外気をキャブ内に取り込むことにより、キャブ内の気圧をキャブ外の気圧よりも所定値だけ高くなるように設定される。   According to this configuration, the drive motor is operated by a command signal from the controller, the rotation position of the switching damper is changed according to the rotation amount of the drive motor, and the opening / closing amounts of the inside air introduction port and the outside air introduction port are controlled. Is done. As a result, in the outside air introduction mode, the outside air introduction amount is adjusted by changing continuously or in multiple stages. Therefore, for example, even when the amount of blown air from the air conditioner changes, the air pressure in the cab is set to be higher than the air pressure outside the cab by a predetermined value by taking in a necessary amount of outside air into the cab.

請求項２記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の冷房動作モード又は暖房動作モードに応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to a cooling operation mode or a heating operation mode of the air conditioner.

この構成によれば、空調装置の冷房動作モード又は暖房動作モードに応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、冷房又は暖房の何れの動作モードで空調装置を運転した場合でも、冷房又は暖房に対応した最適な外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode of the air conditioner, even if the air conditioner is operated in either the cooling or heating operation mode, the cooling or heating is supported. The optimum amount of outside air introduced is ensured.

請求項３記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の風量設定状態に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount is configured to be adjustable according to the air volume setting state of the air conditioner.

この構成によれば、空調装置の風量設定状態に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、前記風量を変更した場合でも最適な外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the air volume setting state of the air conditioner, the optimum outside air introduction amount is ensured even when the air volume is changed.

請求項４記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は上記キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation.

この構成によれば、キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量が変化した場合でも、該空気温度及び／又は日射量の変化に相応した最適な外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation, even if the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation changes, the air temperature and / or An optimum amount of outside air introduced corresponding to the change in the amount of solar radiation is secured.

請求項５記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の設定温度と上記キャブ内の空気温度との差に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to a difference between a set temperature of the air conditioner and an air temperature in the cab. I will provide a.

この構成によれば、空調装置の設定温度とキャブ内の空気温度との差に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、空調装置の設定温度又はキャブ内の空気温度が変化した場合でも、該温度の変化に対応した最適な外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the difference between the set temperature of the air conditioner and the air temperature in the cab, even when the set temperature of the air conditioner or the air temperature in the cab changes An optimum amount of outside air introduced corresponding to the temperature change is secured.

請求項６記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は上記キャブの前窓若しくはドアの開閉状態に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the open / closed state of the front window or door of the cab.

この構成によれば、キャブの前窓の開閉状態又はドアの開閉状態に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、前窓又はドアの開閉状態が変化した場合でも、最適な外気導入量が常に確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the opening / closing state of the front window of the cab or the opening / closing state of the door, the optimum outside air introduction amount is always maintained even when the opening / closing state of the front window or the door changes. Secured.

請求項７記載の発明は、上記外気導入量は冷房動作モード時における冷媒の圧力状態に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   A seventh aspect of the present invention provides the air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the pressure state of the refrigerant in the cooling operation mode.

この構成によれば、空調装置が冷房モードで動作されている時に、冷媒の圧力状態に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、冷媒の圧力状態が変化した場合でも、それに見合った外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the refrigerant pressure state when the air conditioner is operated in the cooling mode, the outside air introduction amount corresponding to the refrigerant pressure state changes. Is secured.

請求項８記載の発明は、上記外気導入量はエンジン冷却水の温度に応じて調整できるように構成して成る請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置を提供する。   According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a construction machine according to the first aspect, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the temperature of the engine cooling water.

この構成によれば、エンジン冷却水の温度に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、エンジン冷却水の温度変化が大きい場合でも、エンジン冷却水の温度変化に対応した最適な外気導入量が確保される。   According to this configuration, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the temperature of the engine cooling water, the optimum outside air introduction amount corresponding to the temperature change of the engine cooling water is ensured even when the temperature change of the engine cooling water is large. Is done.

請求項１記載の発明は、外気導入モード時に、外気導入量を任意に調整することにより、吹出風量が変化した場合でもキャブ内の気圧をキャブ外の気圧よりも所定値だけ高くなるように設定できるので、キャブ外の塵埃等がキャブ内に侵入することを防止できる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the outside air introduction amount is arbitrarily adjusted in the outside air introduction mode so that the atmospheric pressure inside the cab is set to be higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the cab by a predetermined value even when the blowing air amount changes. Therefore, it is possible to prevent dust and the like outside the cab from entering the cab.

又、キャブ内における所要加圧量に見合った外気導入量割合に調整できるので、冷房性能若しくは暖房性能の向上、コンプレッサーの消費動力の低減化及びコンデンサーの放熱能力の低減化が可能になり、車体のヒートバランスを改善させることができる。   In addition, since it can be adjusted to the ratio of the amount of external air introduced that matches the required amount of pressurization in the cab, it is possible to improve the cooling performance or heating performance, reduce the power consumption of the compressor, and reduce the heat dissipation capacity of the condenser. The heat balance can be improved.

請求項２記載の発明は、空調装置が冷房又は暖房の何れの動作モードであっても最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、吹出風量の多寡に応じてキャブ内の加圧量を適切に設定することができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily ensured regardless of whether the air conditioner is in an operation mode of cooling or heating, the amount of pressurization in the cab is appropriately set according to the amount of blown air. Can be set to

請求項３記載の発明は、空調装置の風量を設定変更しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、設定風量の変動に関係なくキャブ内の加圧量を適切に設定することができる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily secured even if the air volume of the air conditioner is changed, the amount of pressurization in the cab should be set appropriately regardless of the fluctuation of the set air volume. Can do.

請求項４記載の発明は、キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量が変化しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量の変動に関係なく、冷暖房の性能を一層向上させることができる。   Since the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily ensured even if the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation changes, the invention according to claim 4 relates to fluctuations in the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation. In addition, the air conditioning performance can be further improved.

請求項５記載の発明は、空調装置の設定温度又はキャブ内の空気温度が変化しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、空調装置の設定温度又はキャブ内の空気温度が大きく変化する場合でも、車体のヒートバランスを良好に維持することができる。   According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, even if the set temperature of the air conditioner or the air temperature in the cab changes, the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily secured. Therefore, the set temperature of the air conditioner or the air temperature in the cab is large. Even when it changes, the heat balance of the vehicle body can be maintained well.

請求項６記載の発明は、キャブの前窓の開閉状態又はドアの開閉状態が変化しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、前窓又はドアの開閉状態が変化した場合でも、キャブ内の所要加圧量を安定して維持して、塵埃等のキャブ内への侵入を効果的に防止できる。   According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, even if the opening / closing state of the front window of the cab or the opening / closing state of the door changes, the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily secured, so even if the opening / closing state of the front window or door changes. The required amount of pressure in the cab can be stably maintained, and dust and the like can be effectively prevented from entering the cab.

請求項７記載の発明は、冷房動作モード時に冷媒の圧力状態が変化しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できるので、冷媒の圧力状態が大きく変化した場合でも、コンプレッサーの消費動力の増加及びコンデンサーの放熱能力の増加を効率良く防止できる。   According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, even when the pressure state of the refrigerant changes during the cooling operation mode, the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily secured. Therefore, even when the refrigerant pressure state changes greatly, the consumption power of the compressor is reduced. The increase and the increase in the heat dissipation capacity of the capacitor can be efficiently prevented.

請求項８記載の発明は、エンジン冷却水の温度変化が大きい場合でも、エンジン冷却水の温度変化に対応した最適な外気導入量を確保できるので、エンジン冷却水の温度が変化しても、従来例に比して冷暖房性能を大幅に向上させることができる。   According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, even when the temperature change of the engine cooling water is large, an optimum outside air introduction amount corresponding to the temperature change of the engine cooling water can be secured. Compared to the example, the air conditioning performance can be greatly improved.

本発明は、空調装置の吹出風量や冷房・暖房の動作モードが変化しても、キャブ内の所要加圧量を確保してキャブ内への塵埃の侵入を防止し、冷房・暖房性能を向上させて車体のヒートバランスを改善させるという目的を達成するため、キャブ内に内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置が設置され、且つ、該空調装置に設けた内気導入口及び外気導入口が切替ダンパの回動により開閉制御される建設機械の空調装置において、切替ダンパを回動させる駆動モータと、該駆動モータに指令信号を出力するコントローラとを備え、前記切替ダンパを任意の回動位置に開閉制御することにより、外気導入量を連続的又は多段階的に調整できるように構成したことにより実現した。   The present invention secures the required amount of pressurization in the cab to prevent dust from entering the cab and improves cooling and heating performance even if the airflow of the air conditioner and the cooling / heating operation mode change. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the heat balance of the vehicle body, an air conditioner with an internal air circulation / external air introduction switching function is installed in the cab, and the internal air inlet and the external air inlet provided in the air conditioner are switched. An air conditioner for a construction machine that is controlled to be opened and closed by rotating a damper includes a drive motor that rotates the switching damper and a controller that outputs a command signal to the driving motor, and the switching damper is placed at an arbitrary rotation position. This was realized by controlling the open / close control so that the amount of outside air introduced can be adjusted continuously or in multiple stages.

以下、本発明の好適な一実施例を図面に従って説明する。図１は、本実施例に係る建設機械としての油圧ショベル１０を示す側面図である。同図に示すように、下部走行体１１上には旋回機構１２を介して上部旋回体１３が旋回自在に搭載され、該上部旋回体１３の前方一側部には、高い気密性を有する加圧構造タイプのキャブ１４が設けられている。そして、キャブ１４の後方にはエンジンや油圧装置などの駆動装置１５が搭載され、該駆動装置１５はハウスカバー１６により被蔽されている。   Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a hydraulic excavator 10 as a construction machine according to the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, an upper turning body 13 is turnably mounted on the lower traveling body 11 via a turning mechanism 12, and a high airtightness is added to a front side portion of the upper turning body 13. A pressure structure type cab 14 is provided. A driving device 15 such as an engine or a hydraulic device is mounted behind the cab 14, and the driving device 15 is covered with a house cover 16.

また、上部旋回体１３の前方中央部にはブーム１７が俯仰可能に連結されている。更に、ブーム１７の先端部にはアーム１８が上下回動自在に枢着され、該アーム１８の先端部にバケット１９が上下回動自在に取り付けられている。   In addition, a boom 17 is connected to the front center portion of the upper swing body 13 so as to be able to be raised and lowered. Further, an arm 18 is pivotally attached to the tip of the boom 17 so as to be pivotable up and down, and a bucket 19 is attached to the tip of the arm 18 so as to be pivotable up and down.

前記キャブ１４内のほぼ中央位置にはオペーレータ用のシート２１が設置され、又、キャブ１４の一側面には、乗降口２２を開閉するドア２３が取り付けられている。更に、シート２１の後部には内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置３０が設置されている。尚、空調装置３０は従来例と略同一の構造を有し、送風ファンと、該送風ファンを駆動するファンモータと、暖房用のヒータと、冷媒用のコンデンサー及びコンプレッサーなどを備えている。   An operator seat 21 is installed at a substantially central position in the cab 14, and a door 23 for opening and closing the entrance 22 is attached to one side of the cab 14. Furthermore, an air conditioner 30 with an inside air circulation / outside air introduction switching function is installed at the rear part of the seat 21. The air conditioner 30 has substantially the same structure as the conventional example, and includes a blower fan, a fan motor that drives the blower fan, a heater for heating, a condenser and a compressor for refrigerant, and the like.

前記空調装置３０は、冷房時にはコンプレッサーで冷媒を圧縮した後、該冷媒をコンデンサーに圧送して冷風を発生させ、該冷風をキャブ１４内に吹き出す。一方、暖房時には、ラジエータの温水（エンジン冷却水）をヒータに導入して温風を発生させ、該温風をキャブ１４内に吹き出す。   The air conditioner 30 compresses the refrigerant with a compressor during cooling and then pumps the refrigerant to a condenser to generate cold air, and blows the cold air into the cab 14. On the other hand, during heating, warm water (engine cooling water) from the radiator is introduced into the heater to generate warm air, and the warm air is blown into the cab 14.

図２に示すように、空調装置３０はケーシング２９を有し、同図におけるケーシング２９の右面部に外気導入口３１が形成されている。外気導入口３１の内側（下流側）には外気フィルタボックス３２が設けられていると共に、該外気フィルタボックス３２内に外気フィルタ３３が収納されている。又、前記ケーシング２９の下面部には内気導入口３４が設けられている。更に、内気導入口３４の内側には内気フィルタボックス３５が設けられていると共に、該内気フィルタボックス３５内に内気フィルタ３６が収納されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the air conditioner 30 includes a casing 29, and an outside air inlet 31 is formed on the right surface portion of the casing 29 in the figure. An outside air filter box 32 is provided on the inner side (downstream side) of the outside air introduction port 31, and an outside air filter 33 is accommodated in the outside air filter box 32. In addition, an inside air inlet 34 is provided in the lower surface portion of the casing 29. Further, an inside air filter box 35 is provided inside the inside air introduction port 34, and an inside air filter 36 is accommodated in the inside air filter box 35.

上記空調装置３０において、外気導入口３１から導入された外気Ａ１、或いは、内気導入口から導入された内気Ａ２は、空調ユニット本体２７側に送られて空調された後に、図示しないダクト及び吹出し口から空調装置３０の外側に送出され、これにより、キャブ１４内の冷房又は暖房が行われる。   In the air conditioner 30, the outside air A1 introduced from the outside air introduction port 31 or the inside air A2 introduced from the inside air introduction port is sent to the air conditioning unit main body 27 side and air-conditioned, and thereafter, a duct and a blowout port (not shown). To the outside of the air conditioner 30, thereby cooling or heating the cab 14.

前記外気Ａ１又は内気Ａ２は、ケーシング２９内の空気通路を通過して上記空調ユニット本体側に送られる。そして、ケーシング２９内における外気フィルタ３３及び内気フィルタ３６の下流側に形成した外気・内気合流部２８には、内気循環モード及び／又は外気導入モードに切り替えて開閉制御するための切替ダンパ３７が回動可能に設置され、該切替ダンパ３７の回動軸３８は、外気フィルタボックス３２の内側端部に設けられている。   The outside air A1 or the inside air A2 passes through the air passage in the casing 29 and is sent to the air conditioning unit main body. In the outside air / inside air merging portion 28 formed on the downstream side of the outside air filter 33 and the inside air filter 36 in the casing 29, a switching damper 37 for switching to the inside air circulation mode and / or the outside air introduction mode to control opening / closing is rotated. The rotating shaft 38 of the switching damper 37 is provided at the inner end of the outside air filter box 32.

図３は切替ダンパ３７の駆動機構を示す。同図において、符号４０は切替ダンパ３７を駆動する駆動モータであり、該駆動モータ４０の出力軸４１は、リンク機構４３を介して切替ダンパ３７の回動軸３８に連結されている。又、駆動モータ４０にはコントローラ４２が電気的に接続され、該コントローラ４２は駆動モータ４０に指令信号を出力して、該駆動モータ４０の回動運転を制御する。   FIG. 3 shows a drive mechanism of the switching damper 37. In the figure, reference numeral 40 denotes a drive motor for driving the switching damper 37, and an output shaft 41 of the drive motor 40 is connected to a rotating shaft 38 of the switching damper 37 via a link mechanism 43. A controller 42 is electrically connected to the drive motor 40, and the controller 42 outputs a command signal to the drive motor 40 to control the rotation operation of the drive motor 40.

そして、コントローラ４２により駆動モータ４０を回動制御することで、切替ダンパ３７の回動位置が任意に設定変更され、これにより、外気導入口３１における外気導入量を連続的又は多段階的に調整できるように構成されている。   And the rotation position of the switching damper 37 is arbitrarily set and changed by controlling the rotation of the drive motor 40 by the controller 42, thereby adjusting the outside air introduction amount at the outside air introduction port 31 continuously or in multiple steps. It is configured to be able to.

図２において、切替ダンパ３７が回動軸３８を中心として起立位置Ｒ、即ち、内気循環モード時の回動位置まで回動変位すると、外気導入口３１側の外気導入路２５を全て閉鎖し、且つ、内気導入口３４の内気導入路２６を全て開放させる。逆に、切替ダンパ３７が倒回位置Ｌ、即ち、外気導入モード時の回動位置まで回動変位すると、外気導入口３１側の外気導入路２５を全て開放し、且つ、内気導入口３４の内気導入路２６を全て閉鎖させる。   In FIG. 2, when the switching damper 37 is pivotally displaced to the standing position R around the rotation shaft 38, that is, the rotation position in the inside air circulation mode, all the outside air introduction paths 25 on the outside air introduction port 31 side are closed, And all the inside air introduction paths 26 of the inside air introduction port 34 are opened. On the other hand, when the switching damper 37 is turned to the reverse position L, that is, the turning position in the outside air introduction mode, all the outside air introduction paths 25 on the outside air introduction port 31 side are opened and the inside air introduction port 34 is opened. All the inside air introduction paths 26 are closed.

更に、倒回位置Ｌと起立位置Ｒとの間の回動範囲は、内気循環と外気導入が同時に行われる範囲である。この回動範囲では、切替ダンパ３７が起立位置Ｒから倒回位置Ｌ側に向かって回動変位するに伴い、外気導入路２８に対する開度が漸次増加するため、外気導入量（又は全体の空気導入量に対する外気導入量の割合）が連続的又は多段階的に増大する。   Furthermore, the rotation range between the inverted position L and the standing position R is a range in which the inside air circulation and the outside air introduction are performed simultaneously. In this rotation range, as the switching damper 37 is rotationally displaced from the standing position R toward the reversal position L, the opening degree with respect to the outside air introduction path 28 gradually increases. The ratio of the outside air introduction amount to the introduction amount) increases continuously or in multiple stages.

図４に示すように、コントローラ４２は入力部４６、出力部４７、演算部４８及び記憶部４９などから成り、入力部４６には各種の検出手段が電気的に接続されている。検出手段から送信されたデータは入力部４６に入力されたのち、演算部４８に送られて前記データの結果に応じたモータ回動量（切替ダンパ３７の開閉位置）が算出される。そして、該算出値は記憶部４９に記録されると共に、データテーブル等に基づいて該算出値に適合した内容の指令信号が出力部４７より駆動モータ４０等に出力される。   As shown in FIG. 4, the controller 42 includes an input unit 46, an output unit 47, a calculation unit 48, a storage unit 49, and the like, and various detection means are electrically connected to the input unit 46. The data transmitted from the detection means is input to the input unit 46 and then sent to the calculation unit 48 to calculate the motor rotation amount (opening / closing position of the switching damper 37) according to the result of the data. The calculated value is recorded in the storage unit 49, and a command signal having contents suitable for the calculated value is output from the output unit 47 to the drive motor 40 or the like based on a data table or the like.

本実施例では、上記検出手段には動作モード検出センサ５０、風量検出センサ５１、キャブ外気温検出センサ５２、日射量検出センサ５３、空調温度検出センサ５４、キャブ内気温検出センサ５５、前窓検出センサ５６、ドア検出センサ５７、冷媒圧力検出センサ５８及び水温検出センサ５９が含まれている。   In this embodiment, the detection means includes an operation mode detection sensor 50, an air volume detection sensor 51, a cab outside air temperature detection sensor 52, a solar radiation amount detection sensor 53, an air conditioning temperature detection sensor 54, a cab inside air temperature detection sensor 55, a front window detection. A sensor 56, a door detection sensor 57, a refrigerant pressure detection sensor 58, and a water temperature detection sensor 59 are included.

動作モード検出センサ５０は、空調装置３０の動作モードが冷房又は暖房の孰れであるかを検出し、風量検出センサ５１及び空調温度検出センサ５４は、空調装置３０に設定された風量及び空調温度をそれぞれ検出する。又、キャブ外気温検出センサ５２及びキャブ内気温検出センサ５５は、キャブ１４外の空気温度及びキャブ１４内の空気温度をそれぞれ検出し、日射量検出センサ５３は日射量を検出する。   The operation mode detection sensor 50 detects whether the operation mode of the air conditioner 30 is cooling or heating, and the air volume detection sensor 51 and the air conditioning temperature detection sensor 54 are the air volume and air conditioning temperature set in the air conditioner 30. Are detected respectively. The cab outside air temperature detection sensor 52 and the cab inside air temperature detection sensor 55 detect the air temperature outside the cab 14 and the air temperature inside the cab 14, respectively, and the solar radiation amount detection sensor 53 detects the solar radiation amount.

更に、前窓検出センサ５６及びドア検出センサ５７は、キャブ１４の前窓（図示せず）及びドア２３の開放／閉鎖状態をそれぞれ検出する。又、冷媒圧力検出センサ５８及び水温検出センサ５９は、冷媒の圧力及びエンジン冷却水の温度をそれぞれ検出する。   Furthermore, the front window detection sensor 56 and the door detection sensor 57 detect the front window (not shown) of the cab 14 and the open / closed state of the door 23, respectively. The refrigerant pressure detection sensor 58 and the water temperature detection sensor 59 detect the refrigerant pressure and the engine coolant temperature, respectively.

以上の如く本発明によると、コントローラ４２からの指令信号により駆動モータ４０が作動し、該駆動モータ４０の回動量に応じて切替ダンパ３７の回動位置が変化して、内気導入口３４及び外気導入口３１の開閉量が制御される。その結果、外気導入モード時に、外気導入量が連続的又は多段階的に変化して調整される。   As described above, according to the present invention, the drive motor 40 is actuated by the command signal from the controller 42, and the rotation position of the switching damper 37 is changed according to the rotation amount of the drive motor 40. The opening / closing amount of the introduction port 31 is controlled. As a result, in the outside air introduction mode, the outside air introduction amount is adjusted by changing continuously or in multiple stages.

斯くして、外気導入モード時に、運転条件や環境状況などの変化に応じて外気導入量を適宜調整することにより、例えば、空調装置３０の吹出風量が変化した場合でも、キャブ１４内の気圧をキャブ１４外の気圧よりも所定値だけ高くなるように設定できる。依って、キャブ１４外の塵埃等がキャブ１４内に侵入することを効率良く阻止できる。   Thus, in the outside air introduction mode, by appropriately adjusting the outside air introduction amount according to changes in operating conditions, environmental conditions, etc., for example, even if the blown air amount of the air conditioner 30 changes, the atmospheric pressure in the cab 14 can be reduced. It can be set to be higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the cab 14 by a predetermined value. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently prevent dust and the like outside the cab 14 from entering the cab 14.

又、キャブ１４内における所要加圧量に応ずるべく、外気導入量割合を最適値に調整できる。従って、冷房性能及び暖房性能が向上し、且つ、コンプレッサーの消費動力及びコンデンサーの放熱能力が低減して、車体のヒートバランスが大幅に改善する。
きる。従って、冷房性能及び暖房性能が向上し、且つ、コンプレッサーの消費動力及びコンデンサーの放熱能力が低減して、車体のヒートバランスが大幅に改善する。 In addition, the ratio of the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted to an optimum value in accordance with the required amount of pressurization in the cab 14. Therefore, the cooling performance and the heating performance are improved, and the power consumption of the compressor and the heat dissipation capability of the condenser are reduced, so that the heat balance of the vehicle body is greatly improved.
wear. Therefore, the cooling performance and the heating performance are improved, and the power consumption of the compressor and the heat dissipation capability of the condenser are reduced, so that the heat balance of the vehicle body is greatly improved.

更に、空調装置３０の冷房動作モード又は暖房動作モードに応じて外気導入量を調整できるので、冷房又は暖房の何れの動作モードで運転しても、それに対応した最適な外気導入量を確保できる。依って、空調装置３０の吹出風量の変動に応じて、キャブ１４内の加圧量を適切に設定変更することができる。   Furthermore, since the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode of the air conditioner 30, it is possible to ensure an optimum outside air introduction amount corresponding to any operation mode of cooling or heating. Therefore, the pressurization amount in the cab 14 can be appropriately set and changed in accordance with the fluctuation of the blown air amount of the air conditioner 30.

更にまた、空調装置３０の風量設定状態に応じて外気導入量を調整できるので、前記風量の設定を変更した場合でも、最適な外気導入量を確保できる。従って、前記風量の設定変動に関係なく、キャブ１４内の加圧量を適正に設定することができる。   Furthermore, since the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted in accordance with the air volume setting state of the air conditioner 30, the optimum outside air introduction amount can be ensured even when the air volume setting is changed. Therefore, the amount of pressurization in the cab 14 can be set appropriately regardless of the air volume setting variation.

本発明によれば、キャブ１４外の空気温度及び／又は日射量に応じて外気導入量を調整できるので、キャブ１４外の空気温度及び／又は日射量が変化した場合でも、最適な外気導入量を確保できる。その結果、キャブ１４外の空気温度及び／又は日射量が変化しても、該空気温度及び／又は日射量の変動に関係なく、従来例に比べて冷暖房の性能を一層向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, since the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the air temperature outside the cab 14 and / or the amount of solar radiation, the optimum outside air introduction amount even when the air temperature outside the cab 14 and / or the amount of solar radiation changes. Can be secured. As a result, even if the air temperature outside the cab 14 and / or the amount of solar radiation changes, the performance of the air conditioning can be further improved compared to the conventional example regardless of fluctuations in the air temperature and / or solar radiation amount.

又、本発明によれば、空調装置３０の設定温度とキャブ１４内の空気温度との差に応じて外気導入量を任意に調整できる。従って、空調装置３０の設定温度又はキャブ１４内の空気温度が変化しても、最適な外気導入量を容易に確保できる。その結果、空調装置３０の設定温度又はキャブ１４内の空気温度が大きく変化する場合でも、車体のヒートバランスを良好に維持できる。   Further, according to the present invention, the outside air introduction amount can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the difference between the set temperature of the air conditioner 30 and the air temperature in the cab 14. Therefore, even if the set temperature of the air conditioner 30 or the air temperature in the cab 14 changes, the optimum outside air introduction amount can be easily secured. As a result, even when the set temperature of the air conditioner 30 or the air temperature in the cab 14 changes greatly, the heat balance of the vehicle body can be maintained well.

更に、キャブ１４の前窓の開閉状態又はドア２３の開閉状態に応じて外気導入量を調整できるので、ト゛アもしくは窓開放時の様に外気モート゛で運転しても意味が無い場合は外気導入量を最小にして冷暖房の効率を向上できる。   Furthermore, since the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the opening / closing state of the front window of the cab 14 or the opening / closing state of the door 23, the outside air introduction amount when there is no point in operating in the outside air mode such as when doors or windows are opened. The efficiency of air conditioning can be improved by minimizing.

更に又、空調装置３０を冷房モードで動作している時に、冷媒の圧力状態に応じて外気導入量を調整できる。依って、冷媒の圧力状態が変化した場合でも、最適な外気導入量を確保できる。そのため、冷媒の圧力状態が大きく変化しても、コンプレッサーの消費動力の増加及びコンデンサーの放熱能力の増加を効率良く抑制できる。   Furthermore, when the air conditioner 30 is operating in the cooling mode, the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to the pressure state of the refrigerant. Therefore, even when the pressure state of the refrigerant changes, it is possible to ensure an optimum outside air introduction amount. Therefore, even if the pressure state of the refrigerant changes greatly, it is possible to efficiently suppress an increase in power consumption of the compressor and an increase in the heat dissipation capability of the condenser.

本実施例では、エンジン冷却水の温度に応じて外気導入量が調整されるので、エンジン冷却水の温度変化が大きい場合でも、エンジン冷却水の温度変化に適合した外気導入量が確保される。依って、エンジン冷却水の温度の変動が激しいときでも、従来に比べて冷暖房性能が大幅に向上する。   In the present embodiment, since the outside air introduction amount is adjusted according to the temperature of the engine cooling water, the outside air introduction amount suitable for the temperature change of the engine cooling water is ensured even when the temperature change of the engine cooling water is large. Therefore, even when the temperature of the engine cooling water fluctuates significantly, the air conditioning performance is greatly improved as compared with the conventional case.

なお、本発明は、本発明の精神を逸脱しない限り種々の改変を為すことができ、そして、本発明が該改変されたものに及ぶことは当然である。   It should be noted that the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention naturally extends to the modified ones.

本発明の一実施例を示し、油圧ショベルの側面図。The side view of the hydraulic shovel which shows one Example of this invention. 本発明に係る空調装置の切替ダンパの設置部分を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the installation part of the switching damper of the air conditioner which concerns on this invention. 図２の切替ダンパの駆動機構を示す説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a drive mechanism of the switching damper of FIG. 2. 本発明に係る空調装置のコントローラ及び検出手段の構成例を説明するブロック図。The block diagram explaining the structural example of the controller and detection means of the air conditioner which concerns on this invention. 従来の空調装置を示す側面図。The side view which shows the conventional air conditioning apparatus.

Claims (8)

キャブ内に内気循環／外気導入切替機能付き空調装置が設置され、且つ、該空調装置に設けた内気導入口及び外気導入口が切替ダンパの回動により開閉制御される建設機械の空調装置において、前記切替ダンパを回動させる駆動モータと、該駆動モータに指令信号を出力するコントローラとを備え、前記切替ダンパを任意の回動位置に開閉制御することにより、外気導入量を連続的又は多段階的に調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする建設機械の空調装置。   In an air conditioner for a construction machine in which an air conditioner with an inside air circulation / outside air introduction switching function is installed in a cab, and an inside air introduction port and an outside air introduction port provided in the air conditioner are controlled to be opened and closed by rotation of a switching damper. A drive motor that rotates the switching damper; and a controller that outputs a command signal to the driving motor; and the opening / closing control of the switching damper to an arbitrary rotation position enables continuous or multi-stage introduction of outside air An air conditioner for a construction machine, characterized in that it can be adjusted automatically. 上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の冷房動作モード又は暖房動作モードに応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to a cooling operation mode or a heating operation mode of the air conditioner. 上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の風量設定状態に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted in accordance with an air volume setting state of the air conditioner. 上記外気導入量は上記キャブ外の空気温度及び／又は日射量に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount is configured to be adjustable according to the air temperature outside the cab and / or the amount of solar radiation. 上記外気導入量は上記空調装置の設定温度と上記キャブ内の空気温度との差に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted in accordance with a difference between a set temperature of the air conditioner and an air temperature in the cab. 上記外気導入量は上記キャブの前窓若しくはドアの開閉状態に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted according to an open / closed state of the front window or door of the cab. 上記外気導入量は冷房動作モード時における冷媒の圧力状態に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted in accordance with the pressure state of the refrigerant in the cooling operation mode. 上記外気導入量はエンジン冷却水の温度に応じて調整できるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の空調装置。   2. The air conditioner for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the outside air introduction amount can be adjusted in accordance with a temperature of engine cooling water.
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JP2012144190A (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-08-02 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd Outside air introduction device of air conditioner for working machine
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