JP2010189981A - Wall structure - Google Patents

Wall structure Download PDF

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JP2010189981A
JP2010189981A JP2009037523A JP2009037523A JP2010189981A JP 2010189981 A JP2010189981 A JP 2010189981A JP 2009037523 A JP2009037523 A JP 2009037523A JP 2009037523 A JP2009037523 A JP 2009037523A JP 2010189981 A JP2010189981 A JP 2010189981A
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layer
moisture
wall
wall structure
opening
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Hajime Ishiyama
石山元
Mitsuhiko Ogino
荻野光彦
Tetsuya Hayashizaki
林崎哲也
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IG Kogyo Co Ltd
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IG Kogyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wall structure improved in moisture discharging function, dew condensation preventing function, heat insulating function, waterproofing function, and the like. <P>SOLUTION: In this wall structure, a moisture discharging layer γ extending from a base part to an attic space K is formed between a substrate α and an external wall member A having heat insulating property. An opening 7 communicating with the moisture discharging layer γ is formed at the eaves soffit 12 portion of the external wall member A. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、排湿機能、結露防止機能、断熱機能、防水機能、等を向上した壁構造に係るものである。   The present invention relates to a wall structure with improved moisture exhaustion function, dew condensation prevention function, heat insulation function, waterproof function, and the like.

壁体内が密閉状態の場合、水蒸気の逃げ場が無く、外気温度が低いと外壁材裏面や壁体内に結露が発生する。そこで、壁体内の水蒸気を外気に排出して内部結露を防止したり、土台や柱にしみ込んだ水分を外気に排出するために、外壁材と躯体間に厚さ２０ｍｍ程度の空気層（通気層）を設ける工法、所謂通気工法が開発された。本来、通気工法とは、壁内結露防止のための工法である。（例えば、特許文献１〜６参照）。   When the wall is hermetically sealed, there is no place for water vapor to escape, and condensation occurs on the back of the outer wall material or on the wall if the outside air temperature is low. Therefore, an air layer (ventilation layer) having a thickness of about 20 mm is provided between the outer wall material and the housing in order to discharge water vapor in the wall to the outside air to prevent internal dew condensation and to discharge moisture that has soaked into the base and pillars to the outside air. ), A so-called ventilation method was developed. Originally, the ventilation method is a method for preventing dew condensation in the wall. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 to 6).

特開平０９−１１９１７５号公報JP 09-119175 A 特開平０９−１４４１５２号公報JP 09-144152 A 特開平１１−２４１４２７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-241427 特開平１１−２９３８０１号公報JP 11-293801 A 特開２０００−２９１１６９号公報JP 2000-291169 A 特開２００３−３２８４６０号公報JP 2003-328460 A

しかしながら、特許文献１〜６は湿気を排出するが、外気が外壁材の裏面を通過するために、外壁材に断熱性のある部材を形成しても断熱材としての効果を発揮できず断熱材として機能しないものであるとされていた。勿論、住宅の外壁の断熱性を計算する上でも断熱性が無いものとされていた。また、窯業系外壁材の雨漏りを防止するために通気工法を採用することが多くなり、現在では雨漏り防止のために雨仕舞い工法として考えている人も多い。また、通気層内を動く空気の量は、外の風によって変化するものであり、特に風が強い場合には通気量が多くなり、断熱性のある金属サイディングを使用しても、効率の良い断熱性を発揮出来ない欠点があった。このため、風が強い場合でも通気層内の通気量を抑制することが大きな課題であった。   However, Patent Documents 1 to 6 exhaust moisture, but since the outside air passes through the back surface of the outer wall material, even if a heat insulating member is formed on the outer wall material, the heat insulating material cannot be exhibited. It was supposed not to function as. Of course, it was assumed that there was no heat insulation in calculating the heat insulation of the outer wall of the house. In addition, a ventilation method is often employed to prevent the leakage of ceramic outer wall materials, and many people are now considering it as a rain closing method in order to prevent rain leakage. In addition, the amount of air that moves in the ventilation layer varies depending on the outside wind. Especially when the wind is strong, the amount of ventilation increases, and even if metal siding with heat insulation is used, it is efficient. There was a drawback that the heat insulation could not be demonstrated. For this reason, even when the wind is strong, it has been a big problem to suppress the amount of ventilation in the ventilation layer.

本発明はこのような欠点を解決するために、下地と断熱性を有する外壁材間に土台部から小屋裏に連通した排湿層を形成した壁構造において、外壁材の軒天部分に排湿層と連通した開口を形成した壁構造を提供するものである。   In order to solve such drawbacks, the present invention provides a wall structure in which a moisture-exhausting layer is formed between the foundation and the outer wall material having heat insulating properties and communicated from the base portion to the back of the cabin. A wall structure having an opening in communication with a layer is provided.

本発明に係る壁構造によれば、排湿層を流れる空気の量を自然対流程度に抑制できるために（１）排湿層（空気層）の外側に位置する外壁材が断熱材として機能する。（２）外壁材の断熱性により、排湿層、外壁材の裏面および壁内の温度が高く保持され、より内部結露の発生が抑えられる。等の特徴、効果がある。   According to the wall structure of the present invention, since the amount of air flowing through the moisture exhaust layer can be suppressed to the level of natural convection, (1) the outer wall material positioned outside the moisture exhaust layer (air layer) functions as a heat insulating material. . (2) Due to the heat insulating property of the outer wall material, the temperature of the moisture removal layer, the back surface of the outer wall material, and the wall is kept high, and the occurrence of internal dew condensation is further suppressed. There are features and effects.

本発明に係る壁構造の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造に使用する外壁材の代表的一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows a typical example of the outer wall material used for the wall structure which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る壁構造のその他の実施例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the other Example of the wall structure which concerns on this invention.

以下に図面を用いて本発明に係る壁構造について詳細に説明する。図１〜図５は本発明に係る壁構造を示す断面図、図６（ａ）〜（ｄ）は外壁材Ａを示す説明図である。図中、αは下地、βは釘等の固定具、γは排湿層を示している。   The wall structure according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5 are sectional views showing a wall structure according to the present invention, and FIGS. 6A to 6D are explanatory views showing an outer wall material A. FIG. In the figure, α indicates a base, β indicates a fixture such as a nail, and γ indicates a moisture removal layer.

下地αは、内装材１、ポリエチレンシート等の防湿層２、主柱、間柱等の躯体３、躯体３間に形成したグラスウール等の断熱材４より形成したものである。 The base α is formed from the interior material 1, a moisture-proof layer 2 such as a polyethylene sheet, a housing 3 such as a main pillar and a stud, and a heat insulating material 4 such as glass wool formed between the housings 3.

５は防風透湿層（二点鎖線で示す）であり、透湿防水シート（風・雨を通さず湿気だけを通す不織布）、あるいは透湿防水板（透湿性の高いシージングボード、シージングインシュレーションボード、等）よりなり、透湿性、防風性、防水性、等を有する部材より形成したものである。   5 is a wind-proof and moisture-permeable layer (indicated by a two-dot chain line), a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet (nonwoven fabric that passes only moisture without passing through wind and rain), or a moisture-permeable waterproof board (a highly moisture-permeable sizing board, sizing insulation) Board, etc.) and formed from a member having moisture permeability, windproof property, waterproof property, and the like.

６は排湿層成部材であり、排湿層γが上下開口部と連通するように形成したものであり、例えば一定間隔で縦に形成した縦胴縁である。また、排湿層γが後記する開口部（上開口７、下開口８、小屋裏通気開口９）と連通するように形成されれば一定間隔で横に形成した横胴縁でも良いものである。勿論、排湿層形成部材６の替わりに、排湿層γ（溝）を形成した板材を部分的あるいは全面に形成してもかまわない。排湿層形成部材６の材質は、木材、金属材、プラスチック材、等である。   Reference numeral 6 denotes a moisture layer forming member, which is formed so that the moisture layer γ communicates with the upper and lower openings, and is, for example, a longitudinal body edge formed vertically at regular intervals. Further, if the moisture exhaust layer γ is formed so as to communicate with the openings described later (upper opening 7, lower opening 8, shed back ventilation opening 9), a horizontal trunk edge formed horizontally at regular intervals may be used. . Of course, instead of the drainage layer forming member 6, a plate material on which the drainage layer γ (groove) is formed may be partially or entirely formed. The material of the moisture removal layer forming member 6 is wood, metal material, plastic material, or the like.

７は上開口、８は下開口、９は小屋裏通気開口であり、排湿層形成部材６により形成された排湿層γと連通し、屋内Ｎから排湿層γに放出された室内から出た湿気を外部に排出するための出口である。勿論、上開口７、下開口８、小屋裏通気開口９は湿気を排出するために取り入れる空気の流入口としても機能するものである。   7 is an upper opening, 8 is a lower opening, and 9 is a ventilating opening at the back of the hut, communicated with the moisture layer γ formed by the moisture layer forming member 6 and released from the room N to the moisture layer γ. It is an outlet for discharging the released moisture to the outside. Of course, the upper opening 7, the lower opening 8, and the attic ventilation opening 9 also function as an inflow port for air taken in to discharge moisture.

上開口７は、外壁材Ａの桁部分と軒天１２間に、排湿層γと連通するように形成したものであり、図では止縁１０と軒天１２間に排湿層γと連通した開口ｈを形成したものである。   The upper opening 7 is formed so as to communicate with the moisture exhaust layer γ between the spar portion of the outer wall material A and the eave roof 12. In the figure, the upper opening 7 communicates with the moisture exhaust layer γ between the stop edge 10 and the eave roof 12. Opening h is formed.

下開口８は、外壁材Ａと土台部Ｄ間に図では桟木Ｓを介して水切り１１を形成したものであり、図では水切り１１固定ように形成した桟木Ｓと土台部Ｄ間に排湿層γと連通した開口Ｈを形成したものである。   The lower opening 8 is formed by forming a drainer 11 between the outer wall material A and the base part D via a pier S in the figure, and in the figure, a moisture draining layer between the pier S and the base part D formed so as to fix the drainer 11. An opening H communicating with γ is formed.

小屋裏通気開口９は、屋内Ｎに発生した湿気を排湿層γを介して小屋裏Ｋから外部へ排出するために形成したものである。 The cabin back ventilation opening 9 is formed to exhaust moisture generated in the indoor N from the cabin back K to the outside via the moisture exhaust layer γ.

１０は止縁、１１は水切りであり、外壁材Ａの上下端部を納めるための部材であると共に、上開口７と下開口８形成部材である。１２は軒天である。   10 is a stop edge, 11 is a drainer, and is a member for accommodating the upper and lower ends of the outer wall material A, and is an upper opening 7 and lower opening 8 forming member. 12 is an eave sky.

Ａは断熱性を有する外壁材であり、その他機能として防水性、気密性、耐候性、等の機能を有する部材である。例えば、図６（ａ）〜ｄ）に示すような金属製サイディング材等を使用するものである。特に、金属製サイディング材よりなる外壁材Ａは、金属製表面材Ａ１をロール成形した板材と、裏面材Ａ２間に合成樹脂発泡体（プラスチックフォーム）などの芯材Ａ３をサンドイッチした特に断熱性を有する外壁材Ａである。   A is an outer wall material having heat insulation, and is a member having functions such as waterproofness, airtightness, weather resistance, etc. as other functions. For example, a metal siding material as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d) is used. In particular, the outer wall material A made of a metal siding material has a particularly heat insulating property in which a core material A3 such as a synthetic resin foam (plastic foam) is sandwiched between a plate material obtained by roll-forming a metal surface material A1 and a back surface material A2. It is the outer wall material A which has.

さらに、図２（ａ）、（ｂ）を用いて本発明に係る壁構造の作用について説明する。つまり、図２（ａ）に示すように、空気が屋外Ｇから小屋裏Ｋへ流入する時は、小屋裏Ｋが負圧、軒天１２付近が正圧、土台部が正圧となり、外気は主として抵抗の少ない軒天１２部分から吸われ、抵抗の多い水切り１１方向（排湿層γ）からはあまり吸われないために排湿層γの温度が変化せず、外壁材Ａの断熱性が発揮される。通常はこの状態である。 Furthermore, the effect | action of the wall structure based on this invention is demonstrated using FIG. 2 (a), (b). That is, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), when the air flows from the outdoor G to the hut K, the hut K has a negative pressure, the eaves 12 vicinity has a positive pressure, and the base portion has a positive pressure. It is sucked mainly from the eave heaven 12 with a low resistance, and is not so much sucked from the direction of draining 11 with a high resistance (humidified layer γ). Demonstrated. Usually this is the state.

また、希に図２（ｂ）に示すように、空気が小屋裏Ｋから屋外Ｇへ流出する時は壁面に対して水平に風が吹くような場合であり、小屋裏Ｋが負圧小、軒天１２付近が最大負圧、地面近くの土台部が負圧小となり、空気は小屋裏Ｋから吸われ、水切り１１方向（排湿層γ）から吸われる量が抑制され、排湿層γの温度が変化せず、外壁材Ａの断熱性が発揮されるものである。 In addition, as shown rarely in FIG. 2 (b), when the air flows out from the cabin back K to the outdoor G, it is a case where the wind blows horizontally against the wall surface, and the cabin back K has a low negative pressure, The maximum negative pressure near the eaves 12 and the negative pressure near the base near the ground are reduced, the air is sucked from the back of the hut K, the amount sucked from the direction of draining 11 (humidified layer γ) is suppressed, and the drained layer γ Thus, the heat insulation property of the outer wall material A is exhibited.

このように、小屋裏Ｋへの空気の流入・流出が、排湿路γへ影響せず、排湿層γ内を流れる空気の量を自然対流程度に抑制できるために、排湿層γが断熱層として機能し、外壁材Ａの断熱性も発揮されるものである。なお、屋内Ｎから発生し排湿層γへ流入した湿気は、排湿層γの自然対流により、外部への空気の流出、内部への空気の流入に関係なく屋外Ｇへ常時排出されるものである。   In this way, since the inflow / outflow of air into the shed K does not affect the exhaust path γ and the amount of air flowing in the exhaust layer γ can be suppressed to the level of natural convection, the exhaust layer γ It functions as a heat insulating layer, and the heat insulating property of the outer wall material A is also exhibited. The moisture generated from the indoor N and flowing into the exhaust layer γ is always discharged to the outdoor G regardless of the outflow of air to the outside and the inflow of air to the inside by natural convection of the exhaust layer γ. It is.

勿論、軒天１２側の上開口７の開口Ｈを、下開口８の開口ｈよりも大きく形成することにより、水切り１１方向（排湿層γ）からの空気の流入を抑制して排湿層γの温度を変化させず、さらに外壁材Ａの断熱性を発揮させることもできるものである。   Of course, the opening H of the upper opening 7 on the eaves 12 side is formed to be larger than the opening h of the lower opening 8, thereby suppressing the inflow of air from the direction of draining 11 (wetting layer γ) and the draining layer. The heat insulating property of the outer wall material A can be exhibited without changing the temperature of γ.

次に、図１〜図５を用いて本発明に係る壁構造の施工方法について説明する。まず、内装材１、ポリエチレンシート等の防湿層２、主柱、間柱等の躯体３、躯体３間に形成したグラスウール等の断熱材４より形成した下地α上に、防風透湿層５（透湿防水シート）を形成する。   Next, the construction method of the wall structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. First, a wind- and moisture-permeable layer 5 (permeating layer) is formed on an interior material 1, a moisture-proof layer 2 such as a polyethylene sheet, a frame 3 such as a main pillar and an inter-column, and a base α formed of a heat insulating material 4 such as glass wool formed between the frames 3. A wet waterproof sheet).

その後、厚さ１８ｍｍ×幅４５ｍｍ程度の排湿層形成部材６を４５５ｍｍピッチで縦に複数本固定する。この時、排湿層形成部材６は軒天１２形成部分よりも内側に突出するように形成する。   After that, a plurality of the drainage layer forming members 6 having a thickness of about 18 mm and a width of about 45 mm are fixed vertically at a pitch of 455 mm. At this time, the drainage layer forming member 6 is formed so as to protrude inward from the eaves 12 forming part.

排湿層形成部材６の形成が完了したら、軒天１２を形成し、その後上開口７、下開口８が形成されるように止縁９、桟木Ｓ、水切り１０を固定する。 When the formation of the drainage layer forming member 6 is completed, the eaves top 12 is formed, and then the stop edge 9, the pier S, and the drainer 10 are fixed so that the upper opening 7 and the lower opening 8 are formed.

その後、排湿層形成部材 ６上に図６（ａ）に示すような外壁材Ａを施工し、施工を完了するものである。   Then, the outer wall material A as shown in FIG. 6A is constructed on the moisture layer forming member 6 to complete the construction.

以上説明したのは本発明に係る壁構造の一実施例にすぎず、図７に示すように形成することもできる。   The above description is only one embodiment of the wall structure according to the present invention, and it can be formed as shown in FIG.

図７は、排湿層形成部材６上に防水層１１（点線で示す）を形成し、排湿層γ内に雨水等が浸入しないように形成したものである。例えば、アスファルトフェルトなどの防水シートである。   In FIG. 7, a waterproof layer 11 (shown by a dotted line) is formed on the moisture removal layer forming member 6 so that rainwater or the like does not enter the moisture removal layer γ. For example, a waterproof sheet such as asphalt felt.

本発明に係る壁構造によれば、外壁材Ａの裏面に通気層（排湿層γ）を形成した壁構造では、外壁材Ａとして断熱性の有る部材を形成しても外壁材Ａが断熱材として認められなかったが、通気層内を空気が微量にしか移動しないように小屋裏通気開口・上開口・下開口の３カ所の開口を壁体に形成することにより、通気層の本来の意義である内部結露防止の効果を生かし、さらに、断熱性のある外壁材Ａの断熱効果を生むことで、外壁材裏面および壁内の温度を高く保つことが可能となり、省エネルギーと壁内結露の防止効果を高めることができる構造となる。これは、今までの通気構造のように、外壁材の裏面と下地間の通気路を外気が移動することにより結露を防止する構造とは異なり、湿気だけを外部に排出できる構造であるために、断熱性を有する外壁材の性能を有効に活用できるものである。   According to the wall structure according to the present invention, in the wall structure in which the ventilation layer (exhaust layer γ) is formed on the back surface of the outer wall material A, the outer wall material A is thermally insulated even when a heat insulating member is formed as the outer wall material A. Although it was not recognized as a material, the original structure of the ventilation layer was formed by forming three openings on the wall, the ventilation opening at the back of the hut, the upper opening, and the lower opening so that only a small amount of air could move in the ventilation layer. By taking advantage of the effect of preventing internal dew condensation, which is significant, and further by producing the heat insulation effect of the outer wall material A having heat insulation properties, it becomes possible to keep the temperature of the back surface of the outer wall material and the inside of the wall high. The prevention effect can be enhanced. Unlike the conventional ventilation structure, unlike the structure that prevents condensation by moving outside air through the ventilation path between the back of the outer wall material and the base, it is a structure that allows only moisture to be discharged to the outside. The performance of the outer wall material having heat insulation can be effectively utilized.

α 下地
β 固定具
γ 排湿層
Ａ 外壁材
Ａ１ 金属製表面材
Ａ２ 裏面材
Ａ３ 芯材
Ｄ 土台部
Ｇ 屋外
Ｈ 開口
ｈ 開口
Ｋ 小屋裏
Ｎ 屋内
Ｓ 桟木
１ 内装材
２ 防湿層
３ 躯体
４ 断熱材
５ 防風透湿層
６ 排湿層形成部材
７ 上開口
８ 下開口
９ 小屋裏通気開口
１０ 止縁
１１ 水切り
１２ 軒天 α Base β Fixture γ Dehumidifying layer A Outer wall material A1 Metal surface material A2 Back material A3 Core material D Base part G Outdoor H Opening h Opening K Hut back N Indoor S Pier 1 Interior material 2 Moisture-proof layer 3 Enclosure 4 Heat insulating material 5 Wind-proof moisture-permeable layer 6 Exhaust layer forming member 7 Upper opening 8 Lower opening 9 Vent opening in the hut 10 Stop edge 11 Drainer 12 House heaven

Claims (1)

下地と断熱性を有する外壁材間に土台部から小屋裏に連通した排湿層を形成した壁構造において、外壁材の軒天部分に排湿層と連通した開口を形成したことを特徴とする壁構造。 In the wall structure in which a moisture exhaust layer communicating from the base part to the back of the hut is formed between the base and the outer wall material having heat insulation, an opening communicating with the moisture exhaust layer is formed in the eaves of the outer wall material. Wall structure.
JP2009037523A 2009-02-20 2009-02-20 Wall structure Pending JP2010189981A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5844305U (en) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-25 株式会社クボタ Mizukiri Jiyoina
JPH0813636A (en) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-16 Nichiha Corp Ventilation end structure of external wall board
JPH1171830A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-16 Inax Corp Ventilation structure
JP2008038556A (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-21 Ig Tech Res Inc Ventilation wall structure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5844305U (en) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-25 株式会社クボタ Mizukiri Jiyoina
JPH0813636A (en) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-16 Nichiha Corp Ventilation end structure of external wall board
JPH1171830A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-16 Inax Corp Ventilation structure
JP2008038556A (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-21 Ig Tech Res Inc Ventilation wall structure

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