JP2010189889A

JP2010189889A - Face material for composite heat-insulating structure

Info

Publication number: JP2010189889A
Application number: JP2009033956A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Kenzo Yamashita; 健藏山下; Michael W Tobin; マイケル・ダブリュー・トービン
Original assignee: AFM JAPAN KK
Current assignee: AFM JAPAN KK
Priority date: 2009-02-17
Filing date: 2009-02-17
Publication date: 2010-09-02

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a face material for a composite heat-insulating structure, which can prevent the occurrence of dew condensation inside an exterior wall. <P>SOLUTION: This face material 1 for the composite heat-insulating structure is used for the exterior wall of a framework wooden structure. A structural face material 10 bears a load imposed on the structure. A moistureproof airtight sheet 12 is arranged on the indoor-side surface of the structural face material 10, so as to provide protection from moisture. A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 is arranged on the outdoor-side surface of the structural face material, so as to provide protection from water. An indoor-side foamed heat-insulating material 16 is arranged on the moistureproof airtight sheet 12, and an outdoor-side foamed heat-insulating material 18 is arranged on the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14. The face material 1 for the composite heat-insulating structure is fixed to a column 20 as the main structural material of the structure, and used as the exterior wall. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、複合断熱構造用面材、及びこれを用いた構造物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a composite heat insulating structural face material and a structure using the same.

一般的に普及しているわが国の木造建造物などの構造物の軸組木構造の主要構造は、土台、柱、横架材（桁、胴差、梁）で軸組みを構成する。この軸組で、主として鉛直荷重を支持する。地震や台風などの水平応力に対しては、軸組み枠内に挿入した筋交いや、軸組み木枠に釘で固定した構造用面材（合板、OSB等からなる耐力壁）で、その荷重を支持する。台風による外壁への側圧による曲げ応力は、軸組みで構成した外壁で処理する。この外壁の厚さは通常１０cm程度であり、外装材と内装材で被覆されて、内部に空洞がある。この空洞の中に、特許文献１に示すように、繊維系断熱材を充填して保温するのが一般的である。
特公昭５７−４５８５９号公報 The main structure of the frame structure of Japanese structures such as wooden structures that are widely used in Japan consists of a foundation, columns, and horizontal members (girder, trunk difference, beams). With this shaft set, a vertical load is mainly supported. For horizontal stresses such as earthquakes and typhoons, the load is applied with braces inserted into the shaft frame or structural face materials (bearing walls made of plywood, OSB, etc.) fixed to the frame frame with nails. To support. The bending stress due to the side pressure applied to the outer wall due to the typhoon is processed by the outer wall constituted by the shaft. The thickness of the outer wall is usually about 10 cm, and it is covered with an exterior material and an interior material and has a cavity inside. In general, as shown in Patent Document 1, a fiber-based heat insulating material is filled in the cavity to keep the temperature.
Japanese Patent Publication No.57-45859

ところが、この外壁の内部に結露が発生し、結露は、将来的に耐力上の欠陥を招く腐りや、カビやシロアリなどの被害が発生する重大な原因となるので、早急な解決を必要としている。すなわち、軸組木構造の外壁には空洞があり、その空洞の壁内に結露が発生する。特に冬季に寒冷地で発生しやすい。外壁内部の結露発生の原因としては、以下の３つが主要なものである。 However, condensation occurs inside this outer wall, and it is a serious cause of future damage to mold, such as decay and mold and termites, and requires immediate resolution. . That is, there is a cavity in the outer wall of the wooden frame structure, and dew condensation occurs in the cavity wall. It is especially likely to occur in cold regions in winter. The following three are the main causes of dew condensation inside the outer wall.

第１には、繊維系断熱材では壁内を完全な気密状態に施工することが不可能ということである。図７を参照すると、壁は、石膏ボードａと、構造用面材ｂと、繊維系断熱材ｃからなる。石膏ボードａに設けられた室内の電気配線、配管の穴ｄや隙間ｄ、及びスイッチ、コンセントの穴ｅから室内の湿った暖かい空気（Water vapor）が、矢印ｆ、ｇで示すように、壁内に侵入する。外壁外側の冷えた面材ｂに、暖かい空気が接して温度が下がり、露点に達して結露ｈが発生する。時間とともに結露水は、外壁下部に水溜りｉを形成し、腐りやカビが発生しやすく、またシロアリの被害が発生する。 First, it is impossible to construct the inside of a wall in a completely airtight state with a fiber-based heat insulating material. Referring to FIG. 7, the wall is composed of a gypsum board a, a structural surface material b, and a fiber-based heat insulating material c. As shown by the arrows f and g, the indoor hot wiring (water vapor) from the indoor electrical wiring, piping holes d and gaps d, and the switch and outlet holes e provided on the plaster board a Invade inside. Warm air comes into contact with the cold face material b on the outside of the outer wall, the temperature drops, reaches the dew point, and condensation h occurs. Over time, the condensed water forms a water pool i at the lower part of the outer wall, which is liable to rot and mold, and to cause damage to termites.

第２には、壁の断熱性能が不十分なため、壁内で露点に達しやすい。例えば、厚さ１０cm程度の繊維系断熱材では断熱性能不足である。図８を参照すると、室内温度２０℃、外気温１．６度、露点４．４℃の場合で、外壁の断熱材の外側ｊで３．３℃に下がるとき、結露が断熱材と外壁面材の間の場所ｋに発生する。 Second, since the heat insulation performance of the wall is insufficient, the dew point is easily reached in the wall. For example, a fiber-based heat insulating material having a thickness of about 10 cm has insufficient heat insulating performance. Referring to FIG. 8, when the room temperature is 20 ° C., the outside air temperature is 1.6 ° C., and the dew point is 4.4 ° C., when the temperature decreases to 3.3 ° C. on the outside j of the heat insulating material on the outer wall, dew condensation is generated on the heat insulating material and the outer wall surface Occurs at a location k between the materials.

第３には、空調設備と給湯設備の普及で室内が暖かく、多湿になり、結露発生の危険度が益々高くなっていることが挙げられる。結露は、腐朽菌やカビ発生の原因であり、シロアリも招きやすい。阪神大震災や柏崎沖地震で全壊した木造家屋の９０％以上において、シロアリと腐りが原因であるとの学術論文がある。地震が多発するわが国では、結露の問題は早急な解決を必要としている。 Third, the spread of air-conditioning equipment and hot water supply equipment makes the room warm and humid, and the risk of condensation is increasing. Condensation is a cause of decaying fungi and mold, and termites are also likely to be invited. There are academic papers in more than 90% of wooden houses that were completely destroyed by the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the Amagasaki-oki earthquake that termites and rot are the cause. In Japan, where earthquakes occur frequently, the problem of dew condensation requires immediate resolution.

本発明はこのような課題に鑑み、外壁内部での結露の発生を防止することができる複合断熱構造用面材を提供することを目的とする。本発明は、また、断熱材に直接、化粧仕上げをすることができる複合断熱構造用面材を提供することを目的とする。 In view of such a problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite heat insulating structural face material capable of preventing the occurrence of condensation inside the outer wall. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite heat insulating structural face material capable of performing a decorative finish directly on the heat insulating material.

本発明は上述の課題を解決するために、軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材において、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された湿気を防ぐ防湿層と、構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された水を防ぐ防水層と、防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材と、防水層の上に配置された室外側発泡系断熱材とを含み、複合断熱構造用面材を構造物の主要構造材に固定して外壁として使用することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a composite heat insulating structural face material used for an outer wall of a wooden frame structure, a structural face material that receives a load applied to the structure, and an indoor side of the structural face material. A moisture-proof layer disposed on the surface for preventing moisture, a waterproof layer disposed on the exterior surface of the structural face material for preventing water, an indoor foam-type heat insulating material disposed on the moisture-proof layer, and a waterproof layer And an outdoor foam-type heat insulating material disposed on the upper surface, and the composite heat insulating structural face material is fixed to the main structural material of the structure and used as an outer wall.

本発明は、また、上述の課題を解決するために、軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材において、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された湿気を防ぐ防湿層と、構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された水を防ぐ防水層と、防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材とを含み、複合断熱構造用面材を構造物の主要構造材に固定して外壁として使用することを特徴としてもよい。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a composite heat insulating structural face material used for an outer wall of a wooden frame structure, wherein the structural face material receives a load applied to the structure, and the structural face material. A moisture-proof layer for preventing moisture disposed on the indoor side surface, a waterproof layer for preventing water disposed on the exterior-side surface of the structural surface material, and an indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material disposed on the moisture-proof layer; The composite heat insulating structural face material may be fixed to the main structural material of the structure and used as an outer wall.

構造用面材としては、例えば、構造用合板やハードボードを用いることができる。発泡系断熱材としては、プラスチック系発泡材が好ましく、例えば、ポリスチレンボード、硬質ウレタンボード、フェノールフォームボードを用いることができる。 As the structural face material, for example, a structural plywood or a hard board can be used. As the foam heat insulating material, a plastic foam material is preferable. For example, a polystyrene board, a hard urethane board, or a phenol foam board can be used.

本発明においては、防湿層および防水層は、構造用面材に貼られていることが好ましく、室内側発泡系断熱材及び室外側発泡系断熱材は、それぞれ、構造用面材にスクリュウ釘で固定されることが好ましい。リング釘等の他の釘を用いてもよい。発泡系断熱材は、接着剤による接着、固定用金具による固定も可能である。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture-proof layer and the waterproof layer are affixed to the structural face material, and the indoor-side foam-type heat insulating material and the outdoor-side foam-type heat-insulating material are respectively screw nails on the structural face material. It is preferably fixed. Other nails such as ring nails may be used. The foam heat insulating material can be bonded with an adhesive or fixed with a fixing metal fitting.

防湿層は、空気を通さない防湿気密層であり、防水層は、湿気を通す透湿防水層であることがさらに好ましい。防湿層の材料としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、アルミホイル、塗料、ビニール壁紙、合板を用いることができる。防湿気密層は、室内の暖かい空気と水蒸気が構造用面材の中に流れ込まないようにブロックすることができる。防湿気密層の材料としては、例えば、ポリエチレンシート、アルミ箔で裏張された石膏ボードを用いることができる。 More preferably, the moisture-proof layer is a moisture-proof and air-tight layer that does not allow air to pass through, and the waterproof layer is a moisture-permeable and waterproof layer that allows moisture to pass through. As a material for the moisture-proof layer, for example, polyethylene, aluminum foil, paint, vinyl wallpaper, and plywood can be used. The moisture-proof and air-tight layer can block indoor warm air and water vapor from flowing into the structural facing. As a material for the moisture-proof and airtight layer, for example, a polyethylene sheet or a gypsum board lined with aluminum foil can be used.

透湿防水層は、気密防湿層の破れ、傷、隙間から漏れた水蒸気を速やかに屋外側に排出することができるとともに、雨等によって水分が建物内に入らないようにブロックすることができる。透湿防水層の材質は、例えばポリエチレン製不織布である。 The moisture-permeable waterproof layer can quickly discharge water vapor leaked from the air-proof moisture-proof layer to the outdoor side, and can block water from entering the building due to rain or the like. The material of the moisture permeable waterproof layer is, for example, a polyethylene nonwoven fabric.

さらに、本発明の複合断熱構造用面材において、室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは室外側発泡系断熱材の厚さよりも薄く、室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは、室内側発泡系断熱材と室外側発泡系断熱材の合計の厚さの２０％以内であることが望ましい。 Furthermore, in the composite heat insulating structural face material of the present invention, the thickness of the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is thinner than the thickness of the outdoor side foam-based heat insulating material, and the thickness of the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is It is desirable that it is within 20% of the total thickness of the heat insulating material and the outdoor foamed heat insulating material.

なお、室内側発泡系断熱材の上に直接、室内仕上げ材を有することが可能である。仕上げ材としては、粘土、塗料、珪藻土、漆喰、壁紙等を用いることができる。また、本発明の複合断熱構造用面材を有する構造物において、構造用面材は間柱の機能を有し、複合断熱構造用面材を用いている部分においては、間柱を設けないことが可能である。本発明の複合断熱構造用面材を有する構造物において、室内側発泡系断熱材の上に筋交いを配置することが可能である。 In addition, it is possible to have an indoor finishing material directly on an indoor side foam-type heat insulating material. As the finishing material, clay, paint, diatomaceous earth, plaster, wallpaper or the like can be used. Moreover, in the structure having the composite heat insulating structural face material of the present invention, the structural face material has a function of a stud, and it is possible not to provide the stud in a portion where the composite heat insulating structure face material is used. It is. In the structure having the composite heat insulating structural face material of the present invention, it is possible to arrange braces on the indoor foamed heat insulating material.

本発明においては、さらに、複合断熱構造用面材において、室内側発泡系断熱材は、少なくとも第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材を含み、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材を第２の室内側発泡系断熱材よりも室内側に配置し、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材と第２の室内側発泡系断熱材との間に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層を配置することができる。室内側発泡系断熱材は３個（３層）以上でも良い。 In the present invention, in the composite heat insulating structural surface material, the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material includes at least first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials. It arrange | positions indoors rather than 2 indoor side foam-type heat insulating materials, and arrange | positions the moisture-proof layer which prevents moisture between a 1st indoor side foam-type heat insulating material and a 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material. it can. Three (three layers) or more indoor side foam-based heat insulating materials may be used.

これによれば、室内側発泡系断熱材が複数の室内側発泡系断熱材から構成され、その間に防湿層を配置するため、防湿層の数が増えるため、防湿性能が高まる。
この場合、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは、第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材と室外側発泡系断熱材の合計の厚さの２０％以内であればよい。また、防湿性能が高まっているため、構造用面材の室内側の面の温度が、室内側発泡系断熱材が１つの室内側発泡系断熱材から構成されている場合よりも低くてよい。これに伴い、第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材と室外側発泡系断熱材の合計の厚さが、１つの室内側発泡系断熱材から構成されている場合よりも薄くてよい。 According to this, since the indoor foaming heat insulating material is composed of a plurality of indoor foaming heat insulating materials, and the moistureproof layers are arranged between them, the number of moistureproof layers is increased, so that the moistureproof performance is enhanced.
In this case, the thickness of the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material may be within 20% of the total thickness of the first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material. Moreover, since the moisture-proof performance is increasing, the temperature of the indoor side surface of the structural face material may be lower than that in the case where the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is composed of one indoor side foam-based heat insulating material. Accordingly, the total thickness of the first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material may be thinner than that formed from one indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material.

本発明によれば、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された防湿層と、構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された防水層と、防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材と、防水層の上に配置された室外側発泡系断熱材とを含む外壁であるため、外壁の空洞を無くすことができ、外壁内の結露発生を解消できる。 According to the present invention, the structural face material that receives a load applied to the structure, the moisture-proof layer disposed on the indoor surface of the structural face material, and the waterproof disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material Since the outer wall includes a layer, an indoor foam-based heat insulating material disposed on the moisture-proof layer, and an outdoor foam-based heat insulating material disposed on the waterproof layer, the cavity of the outer wall can be eliminated, Condensation in the outer wall can be eliminated.

次に添付図面を参照して本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の実施例を詳細に説明する。本実施例は、軸組木構造の外壁に使用する構造用面材である。この面材の最大の特長は、面材の内外の両面から断熱材をスクリュウ釘で固定した断熱サンドイッチパネルであるという点である。 Next, embodiments of the composite heat insulating structural face material according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. A present Example is a structural surface material used for the outer wall of a timber structure. The biggest feature of this face material is that it is a heat insulation sandwich panel in which the heat insulation material is fixed with screw nails from both inside and outside of the face material.

この複合断熱構造用面材を、構造物の主要構造材に固定して、外壁として使用するので、外壁の空洞はなくなり、外壁内の結露発生は解消できる。屋内外の断熱材が、後述のような計算された必要な厚さであれば、外壁室内側での結露は発生しない。 Since this composite heat insulating structural surface material is fixed to the main structural material of the structure and used as an outer wall, the outer wall cavity is eliminated and the occurrence of condensation in the outer wall can be eliminated. If the indoor / outdoor heat insulating material has a calculated required thickness as described later, condensation does not occur inside the outer wall.

室内側の断熱材は室内に露出しており、この上に直接泥状の粘土で化粧仕上げを行う。室内側断熱材の厚さは、内外断熱材総厚さの２０％以内が原則である。この室内側断熱材の上から木材の筋交いを挿入することで、従来方式の欠陥であった結露は防止でき、建築基準法の定める壁倍率は、面材と筋交いの合算で4.5から5.5となる。 The heat insulating material on the indoor side is exposed in the room, and the makeup finish is made directly on this with mud clay. In principle, the thickness of the indoor heat insulating material is within 20% of the total thickness of the inner and outer heat insulating materials. By inserting a brace of wood from above this indoor insulation, the condensation that was a defect of the conventional method can be prevented, and the wall magnification specified by the Building Standards Act is 4.5 to 5.5 in the sum of the face material and the brace .

本実施例の概要は以下のとおりである。構造用面材の屋内外の両側からシートを貼る。面材の室内側は、厚さ0.16mmの防湿気密シート（ポリエチレンシート）を貼り、外側は透湿防水シートを貼る。 The outline of the present embodiment is as follows. Affix sheets from both inside and outside of the structural face material. A 0.16mm thick moisture-proof and airtight sheet (polyethylene sheet) is attached to the interior side of the face material, and a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is attached to the outside.

シート貼りした面材の両側に、発泡系断熱材をスクリュウ釘で固定する。釘は、面材を突き抜けて、反対側の断熱材の中に納める。室内側の断熱材は、外側の断熱材よりも薄くして、内外断熱材総厚さの２０％以内とする。これ以上の厚さの場合、室内側断熱材と防湿気密シートの間に結露を起こす。あくまでも２０％以内が原則である。 Fix the foam insulation with screw nails on both sides of the sheet material. The nail penetrates the face material and is placed in the insulation on the opposite side. The heat insulating material on the indoor side is thinner than the heat insulating material on the outside, and is within 20% of the total thickness of the inner and outer heat insulating materials. When the thickness is greater than this, condensation occurs between the indoor heat insulating material and the moisture-proof and airtight sheet. The rule is 20% or less.

室内側断熱材の上から筋交いを挿入する。伝統的筋交いの最大の欠陥であった筋交い部分での結露を本発明によれば、解消できた。したがって本実施例では、耐力壁としての強度向上のために、面材と筋交いの両方の技術を併用する。建築基準法の定めにより、面材と筋交いの壁倍率は合算できる。 Insert braces over the indoor insulation. According to the present invention, the condensation at the bracing portion, which was the biggest defect of traditional bracing, could be eliminated. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to improve the strength as the bearing wall, both the face material and the bracing technique are used in combination. As specified by the Building Standards Law, the wall magnification between the face material and the brace can be added up.

筋交いの厚さは、45mmまたは90mm、幅は90mmとする。壁倍率は、建築基準法の定めにより、それぞれ2.0並びに2.5となる。建築基準法の定めにより、面材の壁倍率2.5と合算できるので、厚さ45mmの筋交いでは4.5、厚さ90mmの筋交いでは5.5となる。建築基準法では、最大値が5.0であるので、本実施例では最大値壁倍率5を確保できた。これは、軸組木構造の壁倍率最大値である。しかも結露による腐り、カビやシロアリの被害を抑制しており、従来の一般的軸組木構造では前例のない新しい技術である。 The brace thickness is 45mm or 90mm and the width is 90mm. Wall magnification will be 2.0 and 2.5, respectively, as required by the Building Standards Act. According to the Building Standards Act, the wall magnification of the face material can be added to 2.5, so 4.5 for the bracing with a thickness of 45 mm and 5.5 for the bracing with a thickness of 90 mm. According to the Building Standard Law, the maximum value is 5.0, and thus the maximum wall magnification of 5 can be secured in this example. This is the maximum wall magnification of the timber structure. Moreover, it is a new technology unprecedented in the conventional general tree structure, which suppresses the damage caused by dew condensation, mold and termites.

図１を参照して本実施例を説明する。図１は、本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の実施例の断面図を示す。本実施例は、軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材１であり、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材１０と、構造用面材１０の室内側の面に配置された防湿気密シート１２と、構造用面材１０の室外側の面に配置された透湿防水シート１４と、防湿気密シート１２の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材１６と、透湿防水シート１４の上に配置された室外側発泡系断熱材１８とを含む。複合断熱構造用面材１を構造物の主要構造材である柱２０に固定して、外壁として使用する。 The present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite heat insulating structural face material according to the present invention. The present embodiment is a composite heat insulating structural face material 1 used for an outer wall of a wooden frame structure, and is disposed on a structural face material 10 that receives a load applied to a structure and an indoor surface of the structural face material 10. A moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material 10, a room-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 disposed on the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12, And an outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18 disposed on the waterproof sheet 14. The composite heat insulating structural face material 1 is fixed to a pillar 20 which is a main structural material of the structure and used as an outer wall.

防湿気密シート１２および透湿防水シート１４は、構造用面材１０に貼られている。室内側発泡系断熱材１６及び室外側発泡系断熱材１８は、それぞれ、構造用面材１０にスクリュウ釘２２で固定される。室内側発泡系断熱材１６の厚さは室外側発泡系断熱材１８の厚さよりも薄く、室内側発泡系断熱材１６の厚さは、室内側発泡系断熱材１６と室外側発泡系断熱材１８の合計の厚さの２０%以内である。 The moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 are attached to the structural face material 10. The indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 18 are each fixed to the structural surface material 10 with screw nails 22. The thickness of the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 is thinner than the thickness of the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 18, and the thickness of the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 is the same as that of the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material. Within 20% of the total thickness of 18.

室内側発泡系断熱材１６の上に直接、室内仕上げ材２４を設ける。室内仕上げ材２４は、例えば泥上粘度塗り仕上げである。複合断熱構造用面材１を有する構造物において、構造用面材１０は間柱の機能を有し、複合断熱構造用面材１を用いている部分においては、間柱を設けない。室内側発泡系断熱材１６の上に、筋交い２６を配置する。室外側発泡系断熱材１８の上に直接、室外仕上げ材２４を設ける。室外仕上げ材２４は、例えばメッシュ下地樹脂モルタル仕上げである。 The indoor finishing material 24 is provided directly on the indoor foaming heat insulating material 16. The indoor finish material 24 is, for example, a mud viscosity coating finish. In the structure having the composite heat insulating structural face material 1, the structural face material 10 has a function of a stud, and no spacer is provided in a portion where the composite heat insulating structure face material 1 is used. A brace 26 is disposed on the indoor foaming heat insulating material 16. An outdoor finishing material 24 is provided directly on the outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18. The outdoor finishing material 24 is, for example, a mesh base resin mortar finish.

本実施例は、以下の特徴を有する。第１に、間柱の省略であり、間柱を省略して、構造用面材１０を柱２０、土台、梁などの横架材に外部から固定する。第２に、構造用面材１０の屋内外の両側からシート１２、１４を貼る。面材の内側には、厚さ6.5mil(0.16mm)のポリエチレンシート製の防湿気密シート１２を貼り、外側からは透湿防水シート１４を貼る。第３に、シート貼りした面材の両方から発泡系断熱材１６、１８を貼る。面材１０の両方からスクリュウ釘２２が面材１０を少し飛び出す程度に、釘を３０ｃｍ間隔で打ち込んで、固定する。少し飛び出す程度に固定する理由は、面材１０に確実に固定するためである。 This embodiment has the following features. First, the inter-column is omitted, and the inter-column is omitted, and the structural surface material 10 is fixed to the horizontal member such as the column 20, the base, and the beam from the outside. Secondly, the sheets 12 and 14 are pasted from both the indoor and outdoor sides of the structural face material 10. A moisture-proof and airtight sheet 12 made of a polyethylene sheet having a thickness of 6.5 mil (0.16 mm) is pasted on the inside of the face material, and a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 is stuck on the outside. Third, the foam heat insulating materials 16 and 18 are pasted from both of the face materials to which the sheets are pasted. The nail is driven and fixed at intervals of 30 cm so that the screw nail 22 protrudes from the face material 10 a little from the face material 10. The reason for fixing it to a certain extent is to fix it to the face material 10 with certainty.

第４に、室内側の断熱材１６は、外部の断熱材１８よりも薄くして、内外部断熱材の総厚さの２０％以内とする。室内外全体の断熱材の厚さの２０％以内、すなわち、外部の断熱材１８が１０ｃｍの厚さの場合、室内側の断熱材１６の厚さは２５ｍｍ以内となる。断熱材１６、１８を固定するために使用したスクリュウ釘２２が、対向する側の断熱材１６、１８の中に納まって露出することを防ぐために、かつ室内側断熱材１６に直接泥状粘土を塗って仕上げるので、最低の厚さとして、１０ｍｍは必要である。従って、外部断熱材１８が１０cmの場合には、内側の断熱材１６は１０ｍｍから２５ｍｍの厚さとなる。 Fourth, the heat insulating material 16 on the indoor side is thinner than the heat insulating material 18 outside, and is within 20% of the total thickness of the internal and external heat insulating materials. When the thickness of the heat insulating material in the whole room is within 20%, that is, when the outer heat insulating material 18 has a thickness of 10 cm, the thickness of the heat insulating material 16 on the indoor side is within 25 mm. In order to prevent the screw nail 22 used for fixing the heat insulating materials 16 and 18 from being housed in the heat insulating materials 16 and 18 on the opposite side and being exposed, mud clay is directly applied to the indoor heat insulating material 16. Since it is painted and finished, a minimum thickness of 10 mm is necessary. Therefore, when the outer heat insulating material 18 is 10 cm, the inner heat insulating material 16 has a thickness of 10 mm to 25 mm.

第５に、室内側断熱材１６に直接、室内仕上げを行う。発泡系断熱材１６に直接、泥状の粘土を塗って最終仕上げを行う。第６に、図２（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、筋交い２６を室内側の断熱材１６の上から挿入して、軸組材に固定する。図２（ａ）は断面図、図２（ｂ）は側面図である。図２（ｂ）に示すように、筋交い２６は、柱２０と、土台と、胴指し３０で形成される空間内にある。 Fifth, the indoor finishing is performed directly on the indoor heat insulating material 16. The mud clay is directly applied to the foam heat insulating material 16 to perform the final finishing. Sixth, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the brace 26 is inserted from above the heat insulating material 16 on the indoor side and fixed to the shaft assembly. 2A is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 2B is a side view. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the brace 26 is in a space formed by the pillar 20, the base, and the torso 30.

これらの第１〜第６の特徴について、さらに説明する。最初に、本実施例では、間柱を省略していることについて述べる。図３並びに図４の外壁詳細図は、わが国の公認された従来技術に係る軸組木構造であり、世間で一般的に行われている手法である。図３は、大壁造における構造用面材の張り方を示す側面図であり、図３（A）は、３フィートＸ９フィート版の縦張りの場合を示し、図３（B）は、３フィートＸ６フィート版張りの場合を示す。 These first to sixth features will be further described. First, in this embodiment, it will be described that the studs are omitted. 3 and 4 are detailed framing structures according to the prior art approved by Japan, which are commonly used in the world. FIG. 3 is a side view showing how a structural face material is stretched in a large wall structure. FIG. 3 (A) shows a case of vertical stretching of a 3 foot × 9 foot version, and FIG. The case of foot x 6 foot plate tension is shown.

この詳細図に示す通り、柱２０と柱２０の間には間柱３２が入っている。図４に示すように、この間柱３２を挟む形で内壁材３４と外壁材３６が貼ってある。図４は、壁の断熱材の施工例を示し、大壁に無機繊維系断熱材を充填した場合である。図４（ａ）は斜視図、図４（ｂ）は断面図である。間柱３２と間柱３２との間に断熱材３８がある。断熱材３８の室内側には防湿材４０があり、外壁材３６の室内側には、下地材４２がある。 As shown in this detailed view, a pillar 32 is inserted between the pillars 20. As shown in FIG. 4, an inner wall material 34 and an outer wall material 36 are pasted so as to sandwich the stud 32. FIG. 4 shows a construction example of a wall heat insulating material, in which the large wall is filled with an inorganic fiber heat insulating material. 4A is a perspective view, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view. There is a heat insulating material 38 between the studs 32 and 32. A moistureproof material 40 is provided on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 38, and a base material 42 is provided on the indoor side of the outer wall material 36.

間柱は、台風などの側圧力に建物が耐えるために、昔から木造建物には必要であった。しかしそれは、構造用面材などの厚物で、曲げ強度の強い建材が出廻る以前のことである。本実施例では、外壁下地の構造用面材１０の厚みから判断して、台風による外壁側圧に対する強度対策としての間柱は必要としない。また間柱は室内化粧材として露出できないという点からも採用しない。 Pillars have long been necessary for wooden buildings because they can withstand side pressures such as typhoons. However, this was before construction materials with strong bending strength, such as structural face materials, were available. In this embodiment, judging from the thickness of the structural face material 10 of the outer wall base, no stud is required as a strength measure against the outer wall side pressure caused by the typhoon. Also, the spacer is not adopted because it cannot be exposed as an interior decoration material.

従来は、この間柱２０を両面から被覆するために、外壁に空洞ができていた。さらに間柱は断熱欠損を起こし、熱橋となり、間柱部分にも結露が発生するので、総合的判断により本実施例では間柱を省略した。すなわち構造用面材を使用する限り、間柱は不要である。 Conventionally, in order to coat the stud 20 from both sides, a cavity is formed in the outer wall. Furthermore, the interstitial column causes a heat insulation defect, becomes a thermal bridge, and condensation also occurs in the interstitial column part. Therefore, the interstitial column is omitted in this embodiment for comprehensive judgment. That is, as long as the structural face material is used, the stud is not necessary.

本実施例では間柱を省略したので、構造用面材１０を、柱と土台その他の横架材に、ポリスチレンシートの上からN50釘により15cm間隔で固定した。本実施例は、図３、４の間柱を省略している。その結果、図１の複合断熱構造用面材１の断面図に示す通り、外壁としての構造強度を失うことなく、間柱の周りも含めて、空洞の無い外壁が構成できた。 In this embodiment, since the pillars are omitted, the structural face material 10 is fixed to the pillars, the foundation and other horizontal members at 15 cm intervals from above the polystyrene sheet with N50 nails. In this embodiment, the pillars in FIGS. 3 and 4 are omitted. As a result, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the composite heat insulating structural face material 1 in FIG. 1, an outer wall having no cavity, including the periphery of the stud, could be constructed without losing the structural strength as the outer wall.

次に、シート貼りについて説明する。室内の暖かく湿った空気（Water Vapor）が、冷却した外壁に接する場合に、結露を起こす。従来は、これを防止するために、公認された共通仕様書（財団法人住宅金融普及協会の資料）に記載された図に対応する図５によると、防湿気密シート４２を断熱材３８の室内側、すなわち暖かい側（Warmer side）に貼り、湿度を下げて、透湿を防止している。これは、一般的に普及している手法である。気密テープ４６を断熱材３８の室外側に貼る。外装材３６と断熱材３８との間には、通気層４８を設けている。なお、図５では、端部に、気密テープ４４を貼っている。 Next, sheet pasting will be described. Condensation occurs when indoor warm and humid air (Water Vapor) comes into contact with a cooled outer wall. Conventionally, in order to prevent this, according to FIG. 5 corresponding to the diagram described in the approved common specifications (materials of the Foundation for Housing Finance Promotion), the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 42 is disposed on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 38. That is, it is attached to the warmer side and the humidity is lowered to prevent moisture transmission. This is a generally popular technique. An airtight tape 46 is attached to the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 38. A ventilation layer 48 is provided between the exterior material 36 and the heat insulating material 38. In addition, in FIG. 5, the airtight tape 44 is stuck on the edge part.

本実施例では、室内側断熱材１６の室内側表面に、直接、最終仕上げを行いたいので、断熱材１６の暖かい室内側に防湿気密シートを貼ることはできない。室内側断熱材１６の外側と構造用面材１０の間に、防湿気密シート１２を貼ることになる。従来の一般的手法と異なり、室内側断熱材１６の外側、つまり冷たい側（Colder side）に貼る事になり、前例のない新しい手法である。 In the present embodiment, since it is desired to perform final finishing directly on the indoor surface of the indoor heat insulating material 16, a moisture-proof and airtight sheet cannot be pasted on the warm indoor side of the heat insulating material 16. The moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12 is pasted between the outside of the indoor side heat insulating material 16 and the structural face material 10. Unlike the conventional general method, it will be affixed to the outside of the indoor heat insulating material 16, that is, the cold side (Colder side), which is a new method without precedent.

次に、シートで被覆された構造用面材の両側に断熱材を貼ることについて説明する。本実施例では、図１に示すように、スクリュウ釘２２を、３０ｃｍ間隔で、内側と外側の両方から断熱材１６、１８に打ち込んで、断熱材１６、１８を構造用面材１０に固定する。釘２２は、面材１０を突き抜けて、反対側の断熱材の中に潜り込むようにして露出を避ける。 Next, a description will be given of sticking a heat insulating material on both sides of a structural face material covered with a sheet. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the screw nails 22 are driven into the heat insulating materials 16 and 18 from both the inside and the outside at intervals of 30 cm, and the heat insulating materials 16 and 18 are fixed to the structural face material 10. . The nail 22 penetrates through the face material 10 and enters the heat insulating material on the opposite side to avoid exposure.

次に、室内側断熱材１６は、外側の室外側断熱材１８より薄く、総断熱材厚さの２０％以内とすることについて説明する。室内の暖かく湿った空気が、外部の冷却した外壁などに接触して結露を起こす。これを防止するために、既述の従来技術に係る公的仕様書では、断熱材３８の室内側の暖かい面に防湿気密シート４２を貼り、外壁の中に透湿することを防止している。 Next, it will be described that the indoor heat insulating material 16 is thinner than the outer outdoor heat insulating material 18 and is within 20% of the total heat insulating material thickness. Warm and humid air in the room comes into contact with the externally cooled outer walls, causing condensation. In order to prevent this, in the public specifications related to the prior art described above, the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 42 is pasted on the warm surface on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 38 to prevent moisture permeation into the outer wall. .

しかしながら本実施例では、室内側の断熱材１６の上に直接、最終仕上げを行うので、防湿気密シート１２は、断熱材１６の室内側に貼らない。室内の暖かい湿った空気が、面材１０の室内側に貼られたポリエチレンシート１２の室内側表面で結露を起こしやすい。これは自然現象である。 However, in this embodiment, since the final finishing is performed directly on the heat insulating material 16 on the indoor side, the moisture-proof and airtight sheet 12 is not attached to the indoor side of the heat insulating material 16. Warm and humid air in the room tends to cause condensation on the indoor surface of the polyethylene sheet 12 affixed to the indoor side of the face material 10. This is a natural phenomenon.

そこで、本実施例では、室内側断熱材１６を室内に露出させて、防湿気密シート１２を断熱材１６の外部側の冷たい方に貼っても、結露を起こさせないために必要な断熱材１６、１８の厚さを検討した。 Therefore, in the present embodiment, the heat insulating material 16 that is necessary to prevent condensation even if the indoor heat insulating material 16 is exposed indoors and the moisture-proof and airtight sheet 12 is attached to the cold side of the heat insulating material 16 outside. A thickness of 18 was examined.

検討は、代表的な温度、湿度条件として、外気温零下９．４℃（１５度Ｆ）、相対湿度１００％、室内温度２１．１℃（７０度Ｆ）、室内相対湿度６０％の場合について行なった。その結果、外壁断熱材１８の厚さは１００mm、室内側断熱材１６の厚さは２５ｍｍとなった。詳細な検討結果を下記の表に示す。検討に用いた複合断熱構造用面材からなる外壁の構造を図６に示す。表に温度が示されている各部５０〜６４を図６にも示す。図６において、外壁６６は、メッシュ下地樹脂モルタル仕上げであり、内装６８は、泥上粘度塗り仕上げである。表における面材ＯＳＢとは、アスペンなどの薄い木片を接着剤で固め、パネル状に固化させたものであり、非常に強度があり、また断熱性、防音性にも優れているため、構造材として使われるものである。 The study is for typical temperature and humidity conditions: 9.4 ° C. (15 ° F.) at zero outside air temperature, 100% relative humidity, 21.1 ° C. (70 ° F.) indoor temperature, 60% indoor relative humidity. I did it. As a result, the thickness of the outer wall heat insulating material 18 was 100 mm, and the thickness of the indoor heat insulating material 16 was 25 mm. Detailed examination results are shown in the following table. FIG. 6 shows the structure of the outer wall made of the composite heat insulating structural face material used in the study. The parts 50 to 64 whose temperatures are shown in the table are also shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the outer wall 66 has a mesh base resin mortar finish, and the interior 68 has a mud viscosity coating finish. The face material OSB in the table is a structural material because it is a thin wooden piece such as aspen hardened with an adhesive and solidified into a panel shape, which is very strong and has excellent heat insulation and soundproofing properties. It is used as

本検討により、室内側断熱材１６の厚さは、常に室外側断熱材１８より薄く、しかも全体の断熱材１６、１８の厚さの２０％以内とすることで、結露防止可能であることが判明した。上記の場合、室内側断熱材１６の外側でポリスチレンシート１２との間の温度は１４．４℃と下がり、相対湿度は９２％となるが、露点には達しない。断熱材１６の化粧仕上げを考慮して、断熱材１６の厚さは、最低１０ｍｍは必要であるので、室内側の断熱材１６の厚さは、上記気象条件の場合１０ｍｍから２５ｍｍとする。 According to this study, the thickness of the indoor heat insulating material 16 is always thinner than the outdoor heat insulating material 18 and can be prevented from dew condensation by being within 20% of the total thickness of the heat insulating materials 16 and 18. found. In the above case, the temperature between the interior side heat insulating material 16 and the polystyrene sheet 12 decreases to 14.4 ° C. and the relative humidity becomes 92%, but does not reach the dew point. Considering the cosmetic finish of the heat insulating material 16, the minimum thickness of the heat insulating material 16 is required to be 10 mm. Therefore, the thickness of the heat insulating material 16 on the indoor side is set to 10 mm to 25 mm in the above weather condition.

複合断熱構造用面材からなる外壁の温度と相対湿度に関する表
気象条件
室内温度 21℃ 相対湿度 60％
屋外気温零下10℃ 相対湿度 100％

測定位置温度 ℃ 相対湿度％
室内(50) 21.1 ℃ 60 ％
内装表面(52) 20.1 ℃ 64 ％
室内側断熱材外側(54) 14.4 ℃ 92 ％
防湿シート外側(56) 14.4 ℃ 56 ％
面材OSB外側(58) 13.6 ℃ 54 ％
室外側断熱材外側(60) −9.2 ℃ 267 ％
外壁材表面(62) −9.2 ℃ 267 ％
屋外(64) −9.4 ℃ 100 ％

次に、断熱材に対して直接、最終仕上げをすることについて説明する。発泡系断熱材の特長は、断熱材の上にセメント系の仕上げが出来ることである。従来から、外壁外側は、樹脂系セメントの仕上げが外断熱工法において普及している。しかしながら従来の室内側は、外壁内部の防湿対策として、防湿気密シートが断熱材の室内側表面に露出するので、断熱材に直接仕上げを行なうことは現実的に不可能であった。そこで、一般的には石膏ボードで断熱材を被覆して、この上から室内仕上げを行っている。
Surface meteorological conditions on the temperature and relative humidity of the outer wall made of composite thermal insulating structural material
Indoor temperature 21 ℃ Relative humidity 60%
Outdoor temperature 10 ° C below zero Relative humidity 100%

Measuring position Temperature ℃ Relative humidity%
Indoor (50) 21.1 ℃ 60%
Interior surface (52) 20.1 ℃ 64%
Indoor thermal insulation exterior (54) 14.4 ℃ 92%
Outside moisture-proof sheet (56) 14.4 ℃ 56%
Face material OSB outside (58) 13.6 ℃ 54%
Outdoor heat insulation material outside (60) -9.2 ℃ 267%
Exterior wall surface (62) -9.2 ℃ 267%
Outdoor (64) −9.4 ℃ 100%

Next, the final finishing directly on the heat insulating material will be described. The feature of the foam-based heat insulating material is that a cement-based finish can be formed on the heat insulating material. Conventionally, on the outside of the outer wall, the resin cement finish has been widely used in the outer heat insulation method. However, since the moisture-proof and airtight sheet is exposed on the indoor-side surface of the heat insulating material as a moisture-proof measure inside the outer wall, it is practically impossible to finish the heat insulating material directly on the conventional indoor side. Therefore, in general, a heat insulating material is covered with a gypsum board, and indoor finishing is performed from above.

一方、本実施例では、防湿気密シート１２が室内側表面に現れないので、断熱材１６に直接仕上げを行う技術を開発した。本実施例によれば、石膏ボード貼りの手間を省略できる効果がある。 On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the moisture-proof and airtight sheet 12 does not appear on the indoor side surface, a technique for directly finishing the heat insulating material 16 was developed. According to the present embodiment, there is an effect that the labor of pasting the gypsum board can be omitted.

次に、本実施例では、筋交いを入れても結露しないということについて説明する。筋交いは、伝統的に軸組木構造に使用されてきた。しかしながら、現代の住居では、暖房が普及して、室内温度が高くなったので、筋交い部分が外気に触れて、結露を起こし、腐りやシロアリを呼び込む原因となった。 Next, in the present embodiment, it will be described that no condensation occurs even when bracing is inserted. Bracing has traditionally been used for timber structures. However, in modern residences, heating has become widespread and the room temperature has risen, so the braces touched the outside air, causing condensation and causing rotting and termites.

本実施例で、室内側断熱材１６の上から筋交い２６を挿入するので、筋交い２６の部分で結露は発生しない。構造用面材１０の壁倍率と筋交い２６の壁倍率を合算できるので、合計壁倍率4.5から5.5の高強度が得られる。ここで、壁倍率とは、建築基準法で定める壁倍率である。 In the present embodiment, since the brace 26 is inserted from above the indoor heat insulating material 16, no condensation occurs in the brace 26 portion. Since the wall magnification of the structural face material 10 and the wall magnification of the brace 26 can be added together, a high strength of a total wall magnification of 4.5 to 5.5 can be obtained. Here, the wall magnification is a wall magnification determined by the Building Standard Law.

以上述べたことを、要約すると、本実施例の複合断熱構造用面材１を軸組木構造の外壁に使用することで、外壁の壁内結露を防止できる。また、室内側断熱材１６を直接、化粧仕上げするので、防湿気密シートを従来方式の断熱材の室内側に貼らない。室内側断熱材１６の外側に貼る。すなわち、構造用面材１０の内側で室内側断熱材１６との間に貼ることになる。屋内側及び屋外側をシート１２、１４で被覆した構造用面材１０の上から、その両面に断熱材１６、１８を貼る。 In summary, the use of the composite heat insulating structural face material 1 of the present embodiment for the outer wall of a timber frame structure can prevent condensation in the wall of the outer wall. Moreover, since the indoor side heat insulating material 16 is directly finished with makeup, a moisture-proof and airtight sheet is not pasted on the indoor side of the conventional heat insulating material. Affixed to the outside of the indoor heat insulating material 16. That is, it is pasted between the indoor side heat insulating material 16 inside the structural face material 10. The heat insulating materials 16 and 18 are affixed on both surfaces of the structural surface material 10 in which the indoor side and the outdoor side are covered with the sheets 12 and 14.

そして室内側断熱材１６の厚さは、内外断熱材１６、１８の総厚さの２０％以内を原則とする。このことは前例のない新しい発想である。常識では断熱材が厚ければ、結露防止に効果があるとされている。本発明において、室内側断熱材１６の厚さを薄くすることにより、結露を防止できる理由は、室内側断熱材１６の厚さが厚くなりすぎると、構造用面材１０の室内側表面の温度が低下して、当該温度が露点以下になってしまうためである。 In principle, the thickness of the indoor heat insulating material 16 is within 20% of the total thickness of the inner and outer heat insulating materials 16 and 18. This is an unprecedented new idea. The common sense is that if the heat insulating material is thick, it is effective in preventing condensation. In the present invention, the reason why condensation can be prevented by reducing the thickness of the indoor heat insulating material 16 is that if the indoor heat insulating material 16 becomes too thick, the temperature of the indoor surface of the structural face material 10 is increased. This is because the temperature drops and the temperature falls below the dew point.

本発明の他の実施例として、既述の課題を解決するために、軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材において、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された湿気を防ぐ防湿層と、構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された水を防ぐ防水層と、防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材とを含み、複合断熱構造用面材を構造物の主要構造材に固定して外壁として使用してもよい。 As another embodiment of the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the composite heat insulating structural face material used for the outer wall of the wooden frame structure, the structural face material that receives the load applied to the structure, and the structure Moisture-proof layer that prevents moisture from being placed on the indoor side of the face material, water-proof layer that prevents water from being placed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material, and indoor-side foam placed on the moisture-proof layer A composite heat insulating structural face material may be fixed to the main structural material of the structure and used as an outer wall.

従来から、面材の室内側だけに断熱材を設ける場合があり、このときは、断熱材の室内側（面材の無い側）に、防湿層としてプラスティックシートの貼り付けが行なわれ、さらに、この上から石膏ボードを貼っていた。この構造により、結露の問題を解決していた。 Conventionally, there is a case where a heat insulating material is provided only on the indoor side of the face material, and at this time, a plastic sheet is attached as a moisture-proof layer on the indoor side of the heat insulating material (side without the face material), I put a plasterboard on top of this. This structure solved the problem of condensation.

本実施例では、構造用面材の室内側の面に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層（例えば、プラスティックシート）を配置し、防湿層の上に室内側発泡系断熱材を配置する。室内側の断熱材だけの場合、断熱材と面材の間に防湿層を挿入しても、寒冷地では結露する。 In this embodiment, a moisture-proof layer (for example, a plastic sheet) that prevents moisture is disposed on the indoor surface of the structural face material, and an indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material is disposed on the moisture-proof layer. In the case of only the heat insulating material on the indoor side, even if a moisture-proof layer is inserted between the heat insulating material and the face material, condensation occurs in a cold region.

本実施例では室外側発泡系断熱材を有しないため、室外温度が低下しない状況、例えば寒冷地を除く地域において本実施例を実施することが好ましい。本実施例によれば、石膏ボードが不要であり、かつ室内側断熱材に直接、粘土またはペンキ等で仕上げることが可能になる。 Since this embodiment does not have an outdoor foam-based heat insulating material, it is preferable to implement this embodiment in a situation where the outdoor temperature does not decrease, for example, in regions other than cold regions. According to the present embodiment, the gypsum board is unnecessary, and the indoor heat insulating material can be directly finished with clay or paint.

本発明のさらに別の実施例として、図９、１０を参照して、複合断熱構造用面材において、室内側発泡系断熱材は、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａ及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂを含み、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａを第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂよりも室内側に配置し、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａと第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂとの間に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層１２ａを配置する例を説明する。 As still another embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, in the composite heat insulating structural face material, the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is the first indoor side foam-based heat insulating material 16a and the second chamber. An inner foam-based heat insulating material 16b is included, the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a is disposed more indoors than the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16b, and the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a The example which arrange | positions the moisture-proof layer 12a which prevents moisture between 2 indoor side foam-type heat insulating materials 16b is demonstrated.

図９は、本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の断面図を示す。本実施例の軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材１ａは、構造用面材１０と、構造用面材１０の室内側の面に配置された防湿気密シート１２ｂと、防湿気密シート１２ｂの上に配置された第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂと、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂの上に配置された防湿気密シート１２ａと、防湿気密シート１２ａの上に配置された第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａと、構造用面材１０の室外側の面に配置された透湿防水シート１４ａと、透湿防水シート１４ａの上に配置された室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａとを含む。 FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite heat insulating structural face material according to the present invention. The composite heat insulating structural face material 1a used for the outer wall of the wooden frame structure of the present embodiment includes a structural face material 10, a moisture-proof and airtight sheet 12b disposed on the indoor side surface of the structural face material 10, and a moisture-proof material. On the 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16b arrange | positioned on the airtight sheet | seat 12b, the moisture-proof airtight sheet | seat 12a arrange | positioned on the 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16b, and the moisture-proof airtight sheet | seat 12a The first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a disposed, the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14a disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material 10, and the outdoor-side foam disposed on the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14a System heat insulating material 18a.

室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａ、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａ及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂは、例えば、防蟻断熱材である。防蟻断熱材とは、ホウ酸塩で処理されたものであり、シロアリによる被害を防ぐことができる断熱材である。透湿防水シート１４ａ、１４ｂは、例えば、ポリスチレンシートである。第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａは、例えば厚さが２５ｍｍ、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂは厚さが６５ｍｍである。室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａの厚さは、例えば、３５ｍｍである。第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａの厚さは、室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａ、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａ及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂの合計の厚さの２０％である。 The outdoor foaming heat insulating material 18a, the first indoor foaming heat insulating material 16a, and the second indoor foaming heat insulating material 16b are, for example, ant-proof heat insulating materials. The termite-proof heat insulating material is a heat insulating material that has been treated with borate and can prevent damage caused by termites. The moisture permeable waterproof sheets 14a and 14b are, for example, polystyrene sheets. The first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a has a thickness of 25 mm, for example, and the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16b has a thickness of 65 mm. The thickness of the outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18a is, for example, 35 mm. The thickness of the 1st indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16a is the total thickness of the outdoor side foam-type heat insulating material 18a, the 1st indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16a, and the 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16b. 20%.

図１０（ａ）は、防湿気密シート１２ａと、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂと、防湿気密シート１２ｂのみを示す正面図であり、図１０（ｂ）は、これらの断面図である。防湿気密シート１２ｂは、防湿気密シート１２ａ及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂよりも、その外周部１２ｃが５０ｍｍ以上大きい。防湿気密シート１２ｂの外周部１２ｃは、防湿性を確保するために、構造用面材１０と同じ大きさに設けられているためである。 FIG. 10A is a front view showing only the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12a, the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16b, and the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view thereof. . The moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b has an outer peripheral portion 12c that is 50 mm or more larger than the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12a and the second indoor-side foamed heat insulating material 16b. This is because the outer peripheral portion 12c of the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b is provided in the same size as the structural face material 10 in order to ensure moisture resistance.

第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａの室内側には、図２に示すように、筋交い２６を設けても良い。筋交い２６を設けたときの施工手順としては、例えば、以下のようになる。
（ａ）筋交い２６を、柱２０の間の所定の位置に設ける。
（ｂ）第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａを柱２０の間の所定の位置に嵌める。
（ｃ）防湿気密シート１２ａを第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａに貼る。
（ｄ）第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂを柱２０の間の所定の位置に嵌める。
（ｅ）防湿気密シート１２ｂを第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂに貼る。
（ｆ）構造用面材１０を柱２０に釘で取り付ける。
（ｇ）透湿防水シート１４ａを構造用面材１０に貼る。
（ｈ）室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａを透湿防水シート１４ａの上から構造用面材１０にスクリュウ釘で取り付ける。次に、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａ及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂを構造用面材１０にスクリュウ釘で固定する。 As shown in FIG. 2, a brace 26 may be provided on the indoor side of the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a. For example, the construction procedure when the brace 26 is provided is as follows.
(A) The brace 26 is provided at a predetermined position between the columns 20.
(B) The first indoor foam-type heat insulating material 16 a is fitted into a predetermined position between the columns 20.
(C) The moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12a is pasted on the first indoor-side foamed heat insulating material 16a.
(D) The second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16 b is fitted at a predetermined position between the columns 20.
(E) The moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b is pasted on the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16b.
(F) The structural face material 10 is attached to the column 20 with a nail.
(G) A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14a is attached to the structural face material 10.
(H) The outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18a is attached to the structural surface material 10 from above the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 14a with a screw nail. Next, the 1st indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16a and the 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16b are fixed to the structural surface material 10 with a screw nail.

この工程は、防湿気密シート１２ａ、１２ｂを貼る作業を施工現場で行なうことになるため、作業コストが掛かる。そこで、事前に、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａと、防湿気密シート１２ａと、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂと、防湿気密シート１２ｂを、この順で、工場で接着剤等により、貼り付けて一体化しておくことが好ましい。一体化された製品を施工現場で、柱２０の間に嵌め込むことにより、作業の効率化が図れる。
This process requires work costs because the work of attaching the moisture-proof and air-tight sheets 12a and 12b is performed at the construction site. Therefore, in advance, the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16a, the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12a, the second indoor-side foam-based heat-insulating material 16b, and the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b in this order are adhesives and the like at the factory. Therefore, it is preferable to paste and integrate them. By fitting the integrated product between the pillars 20 at the construction site, work efficiency can be improved.

作業の効率化をさらに図るために、上記の製品に、複合断熱構造用面材を構成するすべての要素を一体化したものを、工場で事前に製造しても良い。すなわち、第１の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ａと、防湿気密シート１２ａと、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂと、防湿気密シート１２ｂと、構造用面材１０と、透湿防水シート１４ａと、室外側発泡系断熱材１８ａを、この順で、工場で接着剤及びスクリュウ釘等により、貼り付けて一体化することができる。 In order to further improve the efficiency of work, a product obtained by integrating all the elements constituting the composite heat insulating structural face material into the above product may be manufactured in advance at a factory. That is, the 1st indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16a, the moisture-proof airtight sheet 12a, the 2nd indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16b, the moisture-proof airtight sheet 12b, the structural surface material 10, and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14a. Then, the outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18a can be attached and integrated in this order with an adhesive, a screw nail or the like at the factory.

なお、図１に示す室内側発泡系断熱材１６と、防湿気密シート１２とを貼り付けて一体化することができ、また、これに加えて、構造用面材１０と、透湿防水シート１４と、室外側発泡系断熱材１８を一体化することができる。 In addition, the indoor side foam-type heat insulating material 16 shown in FIG. 1 and the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12 can be attached and integrated, and in addition to this, the structural face material 10 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 14 are integrated. And the outdoor foamed heat insulating material 18 can be integrated.

本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の実施例の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the Example of the surface material for composite heat insulation structures by this invention. 図２（ａ）は、本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の実施例の断面図、図２（ｂ）は側面図である。FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite heat insulating structural face material according to the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a side view. 大壁造における構造用面材の張り方を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows how to stretch the structural face material in a large wall structure. 従来技術に係る壁の断熱材の施工例を示し、大壁に無機繊維系断熱材を充填した場合であり、図４（ａ）は斜視図、図４（ｂ）は断面図である。The construction example of the heat insulating material of the wall which concerns on a prior art is shown, and it is a case where an inorganic fiber type heat insulating material is filled in the large wall, FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view, FIG.4 (b) is sectional drawing. 従来技術に係る壁の断熱材の施工例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the construction example of the heat insulating material of the wall which concerns on a prior art. 複合断熱構造用面材からなる外壁の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the outer wall which consists of a surface material for composite heat insulation structures. 従来技術に係る結露の発生を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining generation | occurrence | production of the condensation which concerns on a prior art. 従来技術に係る結露の発生を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining generation | occurrence | production of the condensation which concerns on a prior art. 図９は、本発明による複合断熱構造用面材の断面図を示す。FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite heat insulating structural face material according to the present invention. 図１０（ａ）は、防湿気密シート１２ａと、第２の室内側発泡系断熱材１６ｂと、防湿気密シート１２ｂのみを示す正面図であり、図１０（ｂ）は、これらの断面図である。FIG. 10A is a front view showing only the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12a, the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material 16b, and the moisture-proof and air-tight sheet 12b, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view thereof. .

１複合断熱構造用面材
１０構造用面材
１２防湿気密シート
１４透湿防水シート
１６室内側発泡系断熱材
１８室外側発泡系断熱材
２６筋交い DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Composite heat insulating structural surface material 10 Structural surface material 12 Moisture-proof airtight sheet 14 Moisture permeable waterproof sheet 16 Indoor foaming thermal insulation material 18 Outdoor foaming thermal insulation material 26 Bracing

Claims

軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材であって、
構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、
前記構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された湿気を防ぐ防湿層と、
前記構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された水を防ぐ防水層と、
前記防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材と、
前記防水層の上に配置された室外側発泡系断熱材とを含み、
前記複合断熱構造用面材を構造物の主要構造材に固定して外壁として使用することを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 A composite heat insulating structural face material used for the outer wall of a wooden frame structure,
A structural face material that receives a load applied to the structure;
A moisture-proof layer for preventing moisture disposed on the indoor surface of the structural face material;
A waterproof layer for preventing water disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material;
An indoor foam-type heat insulating material disposed on the moisture-proof layer;
And an outdoor foam-based heat insulating material disposed on the waterproof layer,
A composite heat insulating structural face material, wherein the composite heat insulating structural face material is fixed to a main structural material of a structure and used as an outer wall.

請求項１に記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは前記室外側発泡系断熱材の厚さよりも薄く、前記室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは、前記室内側発泡系断熱材と前記室外側発泡系断熱材の合計の厚さの２０％以内であることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 In the composite heat insulating structural surface material according to claim 1, the thickness of the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is thinner than the thickness of the outdoor side foam-based heat insulating material, and the thickness of the indoor side foam-based heat insulating material is: A composite heat insulating structural face material, which is within 20% of the total thickness of the indoor foamed heat insulating material and the outdoor foamed heat insulating material.

請求項１に記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記室内側発泡系断熱材は、少なくとも第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材を含み、前記第１の室内側発泡系断熱材を前記第２の室内側発泡系断熱材よりも室内側に配置し、前記第１の室内側発泡系断熱材と前記第２の室内側発泡系断熱材との間に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層が配置されていることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 2. The composite heat insulating structural surface material according to claim 1, wherein the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material includes at least first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials, and the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material. A moisture-proof layer is disposed on the indoor side of the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material, and prevents moisture from being formed between the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material and the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material. A face material for a composite heat insulating structure, characterized by being arranged.

請求項３に記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記第１の室内側発泡系断熱材の厚さは、前記第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材と前記室外側発泡系断熱材の合計の厚さの２０％以内であることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 The composite heat insulating structural surface material according to claim 3, wherein the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material has a thickness of the first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material. A surface material for a composite heat insulating structure, characterized in that it is within 20% of the total thickness.

請求項１から４までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記室内側発泡系断熱材及び前記室外側発泡系断熱材は、それぞれ、前記構造用面材にスクリュウ釘で固定されることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 5. The composite heat insulating structural surface material according to claim 1, wherein the indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material and the outdoor-side foam-based heat insulating material are each fixed to the structural surface material with a screw nail. A composite heat insulating structural surface material.

軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材であって、
構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材と、
前記構造用面材の室内側の面に配置された湿気を防ぐ防湿層と、
前記構造用面材の室外側の面に配置された水を防ぐ防水層と、
前記防湿層の上に配置された室内側発泡系断熱材とを含み、
前記複合断熱構造用面材を構造物の主要構造材に固定して外壁として使用することを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 A composite heat insulating structural face material used for the outer wall of a wooden frame structure,
A structural face material that receives a load applied to the structure;
A moisture-proof layer for preventing moisture disposed on the indoor surface of the structural face material;
A waterproof layer for preventing water disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural face material;
Including an indoor foam-type heat insulating material disposed on the moisture-proof layer,
A composite heat insulating structural face material, wherein the composite heat insulating structural face material is fixed to a main structural material of a structure and used as an outer wall.

請求項１から６までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記防湿層および前記防水層は、前記構造用面材に貼られていることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 The composite heat insulating structural face material according to claim 1, wherein the moisture-proof layer and the waterproof layer are bonded to the structural face material. .

請求項１から７までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記室内側発泡系断熱材の上に直接、室内仕上げ材を有することを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 8. The composite heat insulating structural surface material according to claim 1, further comprising an indoor finishing material directly on the indoor foamed heat insulating material.

請求項１から８までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材において、前記防湿層は、空気を通さない防湿気密層であり、前記防水層は、湿気を通す透湿防水層であることを特徴とする複合断熱構造用面材。 The composite heat insulating structural surface material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the moisture-proof layer is a moisture-proof and air-tight layer that does not allow air to pass therethrough, and the waterproof layer is a moisture-permeable and waterproof layer that allows moisture to pass through. A composite heat insulating structural face material.

請求項１から９までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材を有する構造物において、前記構造用面材は間柱の機能を有し、前記複合断熱構造用面材を用いている部分においては、前記間柱を設けないことを特徴とする構造物。 In the structure which has the surface material for composite heat insulation structures in any one of Claim 1-9, In the part which the said structure surface material has a function of a stud, and uses the said surface material for heat insulation structure Is a structure characterized by not providing the spacer.

請求項１から１０までのいずれかに記載の複合断熱構造用面材を有する構造物において、前記室内側発泡系断熱材の上に筋交いを配置することを特徴とする構造物。 A structure having the composite heat insulating structural face material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a brace is disposed on the indoor foamed heat insulating material.

軸組木構造の外壁に使用する複合断熱構造用面材を構成する、構造物に加わる荷重を受ける構造用面材に取り付けられる室内側発泡系断熱材であって、
少なくとも第１及び第２の室内側発泡系断熱材を含み、
前記第１の室内側発泡系断熱材は前記第２の室内側発泡系断熱材よりも室内側に配置され、
前記第１の室内側発泡系断熱材と前記第２の室内側発泡系断熱材との間に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層が配置され、
前記第２の室内側発泡系断熱材の室外側に、湿気を防ぐ防湿層が配置されることを特徴とする室内側発泡系断熱材。 A room-side foam-based heat insulating material that is attached to a structural surface material that receives a load applied to a structure, constituting a composite heat insulating structural surface material used for an outer wall of a wooden frame structure,
Including at least first and second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating materials;
The first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material is disposed closer to the indoor side than the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material,
A moisture-proof layer for preventing moisture is disposed between the first indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material and the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material,
A room-side foam-based heat insulating material, wherein a moisture-proof layer for preventing moisture is disposed outside the second indoor-side foam-based heat insulating material.