JP2010185717A - Laceration evaluating sample, and device for setting physical property of laceration evaluating sample - Google Patents

Laceration evaluating sample, and device for setting physical property of laceration evaluating sample Download PDF

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JP2010185717A
JP2010185717A JP2009028833A JP2009028833A JP2010185717A JP 2010185717 A JP2010185717 A JP 2010185717A JP 2009028833 A JP2009028833 A JP 2009028833A JP 2009028833 A JP2009028833 A JP 2009028833A JP 2010185717 A JP2010185717 A JP 2010185717A
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laceration
sample
evaluation
bone
elastic
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Ryuji Watanabe
竜司 渡邊
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate the safety of a movable part by producing a laceration in an imitational manner when a finger is caught in the movable part. <P>SOLUTION: This laceration evaluating sample is constituted of a bone part 2 imitating the bone of a human being protruded from a grasping part 1 and the covering part 3 put on the bone part 2 in a freely detachable manner. The covering part 3 is formed into a two-layered structure of the first elastic part 4, which surrounds the periphery of the bone part 2 in the state put on the bone part 2 and has a hardness lower than the bone part 2, and the second elastic part 5 which covers the first elastic part 4, has a hardness higher than the first elastic part 4 and simulates the skin of the human being. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、手指を挟むような可動部に対する安全性評価を行うための裂傷評価用サンプル及び裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a laceration evaluation sample for performing safety evaluation on a movable part that sandwiches a finger and a device for setting physical properties of the laceration evaluation sample.

従来から、手指を挟むような可動部に対する安全評価を行うための試験指として非特許文献１、非特許文献２が知られている。   Conventionally, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 are known as test fingers for performing safety evaluation on a movable part that sandwiches a finger.

上記従来例に示された試験指は、危険源となる可動部への手指の接触の有無を評価するための人間の指を模した形状となる金属部と把持部とからなり、人間の指を模した形状の金属部が把持部から一体に突設したものであり、危険源となる可動部への手指の接触の有無を評価するためのものでしかなく、可動部などに挟まれたときの裂傷を測定することはできず、このため、危険源となる可動部に手指を挟まれた時の危険の大きさを知ることができなかった。   The test finger shown in the above-mentioned conventional example is composed of a metal part and a grip part which are shaped like a human finger for evaluating the presence or absence of finger contact with a movable part which is a danger source. A metal part that imitates the shape of the object and protrudes integrally from the grip part, and is only for evaluating the presence or absence of finger contact with the movable part, which is a danger source, and is sandwiched between the movable part and the like The laceration at the time could not be measured, and for this reason, the magnitude of the danger when the fingers were pinched by the movable part that became a danger source could not be known.

電機用品の技術基準の解説（通商産業省資源エネルギー庁公益事業部電力技術課編 電機用品の技術基準および取扱細則 平成１０年７月２５日 第９版発行 社団法人日本電気協会）の第１８４頁、第１８５頁の「別表第四 １．共通の事項」Page 184 of Explanation of Technical Standards for Electrical Appliances (Technical Standards and Handling Rules for Electrical Appliances, July 25, 1998, Edition 9 of the Electric Power Technology Division, Public Utility Division, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of International Trade and Industry) , P. 185 “Attached Table 4 1. Common Items” 玩具安全基準書ＳＴ−２００２（社団法人日本玩具協会 ２００２年９月）の第３１頁、第３２頁、第３３頁の「玩具の部品あるいは構成部品の接触可能度」“Contactability of toy parts or components” on pages 31, 32 and 33 of Toy Safety Standards ST-2002 (Japan Toy Association, September 2002)

上記のように、従来にあっては、人間の指が可動部に挟まれた際の裂傷を模擬的におこなって危険源となる可動部の安全性評価を行うための人間の指に模した裂傷評価用サンプルはなかった。また、このような人間の指に模した裂傷試験を行うための裂傷サンプルの物性を設定するための装置もなかった。   As described above, in the past, it was imitated by a human finger for simulating a laceration when a human finger is sandwiched between movable parts and performing a safety evaluation of the movable part that is a source of danger. There was no sample for laceration evaluation. Moreover, there was no device for setting the physical properties of a laceration sample for performing a laceration test imitating such a human finger.

本発明は上記の点に鑑みて発明したものであって、危険源となる可動部に人間の指が挟まれた際の裂傷の発生を模擬的におこなって可動部の安全性の評価することができる裂傷評価用サンプルを提供すること、及び、簡単に裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を人間の手指の物性に近い状態に設定することができる装置を提供することを課題としている。   The present invention has been invented in view of the above points, and evaluates the safety of a movable part by simulating the occurrence of a laceration when a human finger is sandwiched between the movable part as a danger source. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laceration evaluation sample that can be used, and to provide an apparatus that can easily set the physical properties of a laceration evaluation sample to be close to those of human fingers.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、以下のような構成としている。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is configured as follows.

本発明の裂傷評価用サンプルは、把持部１から突出した人間の骨を模した骨部２と、骨部２に着脱自在に被嵌される被覆部３とで構成してある。被覆部３は、骨部２に被嵌した状態で骨部２の周囲を囲む骨部２よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部４と、第１の弾性部４を被覆する第１の弾性部４よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部５の２層構造となっていることを特徴としている。   The laceration evaluation sample of the present invention is composed of a bone portion 2 simulating a human bone protruding from the grip portion 1 and a covering portion 3 that is detachably fitted to the bone portion 2. The covering portion 3 is a first elastic portion 4 having a lower hardness than the bone portion 2 surrounding the bone portion 2 in a state of being fitted to the bone portion 2, and a first elasticity covering the first elastic portion 4. It is characterized in that it has a two-layer structure of a second elastic portion 5 having a higher hardness than the portion 4 and imitating a human epidermis.

このような構成とすることで、把持部１を掴んで裂傷評価用サンプル６が、危険源となる可動部に挟まれる試験を行うことで、人間の指が可動部に挟まれた際の裂傷の発生を模擬的に行って可動部の安全性の評価をすることができる。また、被覆部３を、骨部２に被嵌した状態で骨部２の周囲を囲む骨部２よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部４と、第１の弾性部４を被覆する第１の弾性部４よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部５の２層構造としているので、表皮を備えた人間の指を模すことができて、裂傷ばらつきを押えながら人間の指挟み込みを模擬的に再現することができ、また、骨部２と第２の弾性部５との間に第１の弾性部４が存在しているので、中の骨部２まで傷が付かないようにできる。また、被覆部３が骨部２に着脱自在に被嵌してあるので、被覆部３に裂傷が生じると、消耗品である被覆部３を交換するだけで、骨部２を突設した把持部１を繰り返し使って、可動部の安全性評価を行うことができる。   With such a configuration, the laceration evaluation sample 6 is grasped by the gripping part 1 and the test is performed so that the sample 6 for laceration is sandwiched between the movable parts as a danger source. It is possible to evaluate the safety of the movable part by simulating the occurrence of this. In addition, the first elastic portion 4 having a lower hardness than the bone portion 2 surrounding the bone portion 2 in a state where the covering portion 3 is fitted to the bone portion 2 and the first elastic portion 4 are covered. Since the second elastic part 5 has a higher hardness than the elastic part 4 and has a second elastic part 5 simulating a human epidermis, it is possible to imitate a human finger equipped with an epidermis, while suppressing laceration variation. Human fingers can be pinched in a simulated manner, and since the first elastic portion 4 exists between the bone portion 2 and the second elastic portion 5, the bone portion 2 in the inside is damaged. It can be prevented from being attached. In addition, since the covering portion 3 is detachably fitted to the bone portion 2, when the covering portion 3 is torn, the bone portion 2 is protruded by simply replacing the covering portion 3 which is a consumable item. The safety evaluation of the movable part can be performed by repeatedly using the part 1.

また、第２の弾性部５の硬度が３０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以上５０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以下又は、伸びが１６０％以上３００％以下、又は、引張強さが３．０ＭＰａ以上４．５ＭＰａ以下、又は引裂強さが３ｋＮ／ｍ以上１５ｋＮ／ｍ以下の少なくとも１つ以上の条件を満たすシリコン樹脂により形成してあることが好ましい。   The second elastic portion 5 has a hardness of 30 Shore A to 50 Shore A, an elongation of 160% to 300%, a tensile strength of 3.0 MPa to 4.5 MPa, or a tear strength of 3 kN / m or more. It is preferably formed of a silicon resin that satisfies at least one condition of 15 kN / m or less.

このような構成とすることで、人間の指の皮膚とほぼ等しい裂傷評価が可能となる第２の弾性部５をシリコン樹脂で形成できる。   By setting it as such a structure, the 2nd elastic part 5 which can perform the tear evaluation substantially equal to the skin of a human finger | toe can be formed with a silicone resin.

また、第２の弾性部５は長さ１ｍｍの繊維を０．５％以上１．０％以下混合してあることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the 2nd elastic part 5 is mixing 0.5% or more and 1.0% or less of fibers with a length of 1 mm.

このような構成とすることで、第２の弾性部５の裂傷強度の調整が容易で、よりいっそう人間の指の皮膚の裂傷強度に近づけるようにできる。   By setting it as such a structure, adjustment of the tear strength of the 2nd elastic part 5 is easy, and it can be made to approach the tear strength of the skin of a human finger still more.

また、本発明の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置は、請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれかに記載の裂傷評価用サンプル６の物性を決定するための装置であって、裂傷評価用サンプル６を支持する支持部７と、裂傷評価用サンプル６に直接加圧する先端が所定角度の鋭角なエッジ部８を備えた裂傷用治具９とを備え、エッジ部８で裂傷評価用サンプル６を加圧した際の裂傷評価用サンプル６の裂傷開始時の荷重を測定するようにして成ることを特徴とするものである。   An apparatus for setting the physical properties of a laceration evaluation sample according to the present invention is an apparatus for determining physical properties of a laceration evaluation sample 6 according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein A support part 7 for supporting the evaluation sample 6 and a tearing jig 9 having a sharp edge part 8 whose tip is directly pressed against the tear evaluation sample 6 are provided. It is characterized in that the load at the start of the laceration of the laceration evaluation sample 6 when the sample 6 is pressurized is measured.

このような構成とすることで、物性の異なる多種類の裂傷評価用サンプル６を作成してこの中から人間の指の裂傷強度に近い物性の裂傷評価用サンプル６を選定するに当たって、各裂傷評価用サンプル６をエッジ部８で直接加圧した際の裂傷評価用サンプル６の裂傷開始時の荷重を測定して、人間の指の裂傷開始と同じ荷重で裂傷が開始するような物性の裂傷評価用サンプル６を選定することができる。   With this configuration, various types of laceration evaluation samples 6 having different physical properties are prepared, and laceration evaluation samples 6 having physical properties close to those of human fingers are selected from among them. Evaluation of physical properties such that tears start at the same load as the start of a human finger laceration by measuring the load at the start of laceration of the sample 6 for laceration evaluation when the sample 6 is directly pressed at the edge 8 Sample 6 can be selected.

また、エッジ部８は、先端角度αが３０度で、最先端の曲率半径が０．２ｍｍとなっていて、裂傷評価用サンプル６が裂傷開始し始める強度が略３０Ｎであることが好ましい。   Further, the edge portion 8 preferably has a tip angle α of 30 degrees, a cutting edge radius of curvature of 0.2 mm, and a strength at which the laceration evaluation sample 6 starts to start laceration is approximately 30N.

このような構成とすることで、人間の大人の女性の指の裂傷開始とほぼ同じ荷重で裂傷が開始するような物性の裂傷評価用サンプル６を得ることができる。   By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to obtain a laceration evaluation sample 6 having physical properties such that a laceration starts with almost the same load as that of a human adult female finger.

本発明の裂傷評価用サンプルは、上記のように、把持部から突出した人間の骨を模した骨部と、骨部に着脱自在に被嵌される被覆部とで構成され、被覆部が骨部に被嵌した状態で骨部の周囲を囲む第１の弾性部と、第１の弾性部を被覆する人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部の２層構造となっているので、簡単な構成で、人間の指が可動部に挟まれた際の裂傷の発生を模擬的におこなって可動部の安全性の評価を行うことができる。しかも、被覆部を、骨部に被嵌した状態で骨部の周囲を囲む骨部よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部と、第１の弾性部を被覆する第１の弾性部よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部の２層構造としているので、表皮を備えた人間の指を模すことができて、裂傷ばらつきを押えながら人間の指挟み込みを再現することができる。また、骨部と第２の弾性部との間に第１の弾性部が存在しているので、人間の指が可動部に挟まれた際の裂傷の発生を模擬的に行った際に骨部まで傷が付かないようにできる。また、被覆部が骨部に着脱自在に被嵌してあるので、消耗品である被覆部を交換するだけで、骨部を突設した把持部を繰り返し使って、上記可動部の安全性評価を行うことができる。   The laceration evaluation sample of the present invention is composed of a bone part imitating a human bone protruding from a gripping part and a covering part detachably fitted to the bone part as described above, and the covering part is a bone. Since it has a two-layer structure of a first elastic part that surrounds the periphery of the bone part in a state of being fitted to the part, and a second elastic part that imitates the human epidermis that covers the first elastic part, With this configuration, it is possible to evaluate the safety of the movable part by simulating the generation of a laceration when a human finger is sandwiched between the movable parts. Moreover, the first elastic part having a lower hardness than the bone part surrounding the bone part in a state in which the cover part is fitted to the bone part, and the hardness of the first elastic part covering the first elastic part Because it has a two-layer structure of the second elastic part that is high and imitates the human epidermis, it can imitate human fingers with epidermis and reproduce human finger pinching while suppressing laceration variation Can do. In addition, since the first elastic portion exists between the bone portion and the second elastic portion, the bone when the human finger is simulated when the finger is sandwiched between the movable portions is simulated. It is possible to keep the part from getting scratched. In addition, since the covering part is detachably fitted to the bone part, the safety evaluation of the movable part can be performed by repeatedly using the grip part protruding from the bone part by simply replacing the consumable covering part. It can be performed.

また、第２の弾性部の硬度が３０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以上５０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以下又は、伸びが１６０％以上３００％以下、又は、引張強さが３．０ＭＰａ以上４．５ＭＰａ以下、又は引裂強さが３ｋＮ／ｍ以上１５ｋＮ／ｍ以下の少なくとも１つ以上の条件を満たすシリコン樹脂により形成してあると、人間の指の皮膚とほぼ等しい裂傷評価が可能となる第２の弾性部をシリコン樹脂で簡単に形成できる。   Further, the hardness of the second elastic portion is 30 Shore A to 50 Shore A, the elongation is 160% to 300%, the tensile strength is 3.0 MPa to 4.5 MPa, or the tear strength is 3 kN / m to 15 kN. If it is formed of a silicon resin that satisfies at least one condition of / m or less, the second elastic portion that enables a tear evaluation substantially equal to the skin of a human finger can be easily formed of the silicon resin.

また、第２の弾性部は長さ１ｍｍの繊維を０．５％以上１．０％以下混合するものにおいては、第２の弾性部５の裂傷強度を、よりいっそう人間の指の皮膚の裂傷強度に近づけるようにできる。   Further, in the case where the second elastic portion is a mixture of fibers having a length of 1 mm and not less than 0.5% and not more than 1.0%, the tear strength of the second elastic portion 5 is further increased. Can be close to strength.

また、本発明の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置は、上記のように裂傷評価用サンプルを支持する支持部と、裂傷評価用サンプルに直接加圧する先端が所定角度の鋭角なエッジ部を備えた裂傷用治具とを備え、エッジ部で裂傷評価用サンプルを加圧した際の裂傷評価用サンプルの裂傷開始時の荷重を測定するものであるから、人間の指の裂傷強度に近い物性の裂傷評価用サンプルを得るに当たって、各裂傷評価用サンプルをエッジ部で直接加圧した際の裂傷評価用サンプルの裂傷開始時の荷重を測定することで、簡単な構成で人間の指の裂傷開示とほぼ同じ荷重で裂傷が開始するような物性の裂傷評価用サンプルを特定することができる装置を提供できる。   The apparatus for setting the physical properties of the laceration evaluation sample according to the present invention includes a support portion for supporting the laceration evaluation sample as described above, and a sharp edge having a predetermined angle at the tip that directly pressurizes the laceration evaluation sample. It is equipped with a laceration jig provided with a portion, and measures the load at the start of laceration of the sample for laceration evaluation when the sample for laceration evaluation is pressed at the edge portion. To obtain a sample for tear evaluation with similar physical properties, by measuring the load at the start of the tear of each sample for tear evaluation when each sample for tear evaluation is directly pressed at the edge portion, It is possible to provide a device that can identify a sample for tear evaluation having physical properties such that the tear starts at almost the same load as the tear disclosure.

また、エッジ部は、先端角度が３０度で、最先端の曲率半径が０．２ｍｍとなっていて、裂傷評価用サンプルが裂傷開始し始める強度が略３０Ｎであることを特徴とする請求項４記載の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定することで、人間の大人の女性の指の裂傷開始とほぼ同じ荷重で裂傷が開始するような物性の裂傷評価用サンプルを得ることができる。   5. The edge portion has a tip angle of 30 degrees, a cutting edge radius of curvature of 0.2 mm, and a strength at which the laceration evaluation sample starts to start laceration is approximately 30N. By setting the physical properties of the described laceration evaluation sample, it is possible to obtain a laceration evaluation sample having physical properties such that the laceration starts with almost the same load as the start of the laceration of the finger of a human adult female.

本発明の裂傷評価用サンプルを示し、（ａ）は正断面図であり、（ｂ）は平断面図であり、（ｃ）は（ａ）のＸ−Ｘ線断面図である。The sample for tear evaluation of this invention is shown, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is a plane sectional view, (c) is a sectional view taken along the line XX of (a). 同上の分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view same as the above. （ａ）は同上の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置を示す概略正面図であり、（ｂ）は裂傷用治具の斜視図である。(A) is a schematic front view which shows the apparatus for setting the physical property of the sample for laceration evaluation same as the above, (b) is a perspective view of the jig | tool for laceration.

以下、本発明を添付図面に示す実施形態に基いて説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

本発明の裂傷評価用サンプル６は、図１、図２に示すようなもので、手で掴むための棒状をした把持部１と、把持部１から突出した人間の骨を模した棒状をした骨部２と、骨部２に着脱自在に被嵌される被覆部３とで構成してある。   A tear evaluation sample 6 according to the present invention is as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and has a rod-like gripping part 1 for gripping by hand and a stick-like model of a human bone protruding from the gripping part 1. It is comprised by the bone part 2 and the coating | coated part 3 detachably fitted to the bone part 2. As shown in FIG.

棒状をした把持部１の一端部には鍔部１０が一体に設けてあり、把持部１の鍔部１０を設けた方の端面から棒状をした骨部２が突設してある。骨部２は把持部１と一体に成形したものであってもよいが、骨部２と把持部１とを別々に形成して骨部２の後端部を把持部１の前端部に任意の固着手段で固着してもよい。このように骨部２は把持部１と一体又は固着することで把持部１から突設してある。   One end of the rod-shaped gripping portion 1 is integrally provided with a collar portion 10, and a rod-shaped bone portion 2 projects from the end surface of the gripping portion 1 on which the collar portion 10 is provided. The bone part 2 may be formed integrally with the grip part 1, but the bone part 2 and the grip part 1 are formed separately, and the rear end part of the bone part 2 is arbitrarily set as the front end part of the grip part 1. The fixing means may be used for fixing. In this way, the bone part 2 projects from the grip part 1 by being integrated with or fixed to the grip part 1.

骨部２は人間の指の骨を模した長さ、断面形状に形成してあり、更に、その物性も人間の指の骨の物性を模して形成してある。   The bone part 2 is formed in a length and a cross-sectional shape imitating a human finger bone, and its physical properties are also imitated that of a human finger bone.

被覆部３は上記骨部２に着脱自在に嵌め込まれる一端部が開口した有底筒状をしている。この被覆部３は、骨部２に被嵌した状態で骨部２の周囲を囲む骨部２よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部４と、第１の弾性部４を被覆する第１の弾性部４よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部５の２層構造となっており、第１の弾性部４と第２の弾性部５とは一体物となっている。このように、被覆部３を、骨部２に被嵌した状態で骨部２の周囲を囲む骨部２よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部４と、第１の弾性部４を被覆する第１の弾性部４よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部５の２層構造とすることで、表皮を備えた人間の指を模した構造とすることができる。   The covering portion 3 has a bottomed cylindrical shape with an open end that is detachably fitted into the bone portion 2. The covering portion 3 is a first elastic portion 4 having a lower hardness than the bone portion 2 surrounding the bone portion 2 in a state of being fitted to the bone portion 2, and a first elastic portion 4 that covers the first elastic portion 4. It has a two-layer structure of a second elastic part 5 having a higher hardness than the elastic part 4 and imitating a human skin, and the first elastic part 4 and the second elastic part 5 are integrated. Yes. In this way, the first elastic portion 4 having a lower hardness than the bone portion 2 surrounding the bone portion 2 in a state where the covering portion 3 is fitted on the bone portion 2 and the first elastic portion 4 are covered. By adopting a two-layer structure of the second elastic portion 5 having higher hardness than the first elastic portion 4 and imitating a human epidermis, it is possible to obtain a structure imitating a human finger equipped with an epidermis.

上記第２の弾性部５は人間の表皮を模すため、例えば、シリコン樹脂により形成してある。   The second elastic portion 5 is made of, for example, silicon resin in order to simulate a human epidermis.

また、第１の弾性部４としては、例えば、天然ゴム系のオープンセルスポンジにより形成してある。   The first elastic portion 4 is formed of, for example, a natural rubber-based open cell sponge.

図１（ａ）（ｃ）（ｃ）には骨部２に有底筒状の被覆部３を被嵌した状態の裂傷評価用サンプル６の正面断面図、平面断面図、（ａ）にのＸ−Ｘ線断面図が示してある。   1 (a), 1 (c), and 1 (c) are front sectional views and plan sectional views of a tear evaluation sample 6 in a state in which a bottomed cylindrical covering portion 3 is fitted on a bone portion 2, and FIG. An XX line sectional view is shown.

図１（ａ）（ｂ）において、各寸法は、例えば大人用は、手指の長さに相当する被覆部３の長さ寸法：ａ＝８０ｍｍ、手指の厚みに相当する被覆部３の厚み方向の寸法：ｂ＝１４ｍｍ、手指の幅に相当する被覆部３の幅方向の寸法：ｃ＝１７ｍｍ、手指の骨の長さに相当する骨部２の長さ寸法：ｄ＝７６ｍｍ、手指の骨の厚みに相当する骨部２の厚み寸法：ｅ＝６ｍｍ、手指の骨の幅に相当する骨部２の幅寸法：ｆ＝９ｍｍとなっている。また、子供用（例えば３歳児をモデルとする）は、ａ＝４６ｍｍ、ｂ＝１０ｍｍ、ｃ＝１２ｍｍ、ｄ＝４３ｍｍ、ｅ＝５ｍｍ、ｆ＝７ｍｍとなっている。   1 (a) and 1 (b), the dimensions are, for example, for adults, the length dimension of the covering portion 3 corresponding to the finger length: a = 80 mm, the thickness direction of the covering portion 3 corresponding to the finger thickness Dimension: b = 14 mm, dimension in width direction of covering portion 3 corresponding to finger width: c = 17 mm, length dimension of bone part 2 corresponding to finger bone length: d = 76 mm, finger bone The thickness dimension of the bone part 2 corresponding to the thickness of the bone part 2 is e = 6 mm, and the width dimension of the bone part 2 corresponding to the width of the finger bone is f = 9 mm. For a child (for example, a 3-year-old child is a model), a = 46 mm, b = 10 mm, c = 12 mm, d = 43 mm, e = 5 mm, and f = 7 mm.

ここで、本発明の裂傷評価用サンプル６を、建物のドアのような可動部、各種装置の扉のような可動部、あるいは、折り畳み装置における折り畳み可動部などに挟んで裂傷評価試験を行うに当たり、裂傷評価用サンプル６の外皮である第２の弾性部５の物性を、人間の指の皮膚とほぼ等しい裂傷評価ができるような物性に設定する必要がある。   Here, when the tear evaluation sample 6 of the present invention is sandwiched between a movable part such as a door of a building, a movable part such as a door of various apparatuses, or a folding movable part in a folding apparatus, a tear evaluation test is performed. It is necessary to set the physical property of the second elastic portion 5 that is the outer skin of the tear evaluation sample 6 to a physical property that can evaluate tears substantially equal to the skin of a human finger.

そこで、本発明においては、第２の弾性部５の物性を、人間の指の皮膚とほぼ等しい裂傷評価ができるような物性に設定するに当たって、次のようにして設定した。   Therefore, in the present invention, the physical properties of the second elastic portion 5 are set as follows in order to set the physical properties so that the tear evaluation can be almost equal to that of human finger skin.

まず、一般に人間の大人の男子の皮膚に近いとされる豚の皮膚の裂傷強度を下記に説明する図３（ａ）に示す装置１１により求める実験をおこなった。この実験によれば豚の皮膚の裂傷強度の平均値は４４Ｎであった。このようにして求めた豚の皮膚の裂傷強度４４Ｎを、人間の大人の男子の皮膚の裂傷強度と推定した。更に、文献（山田博、人体の強度と老化、日本放送協会、１９７９）によれば、人間の大人の女性は皮膚引張り破壊荷重が男子の２／３の強さとなることから、大人の女性の皮膚の裂傷強度を４４×２／３＝２９Ｎと推定した。   First, an experiment was performed to determine the tear strength of pig skin, which is generally considered to be close to the skin of a human adult male, using the apparatus 11 shown in FIG. According to this experiment, the average value of the tear strength of the pig skin was 44N. The 44 N of pig skin laceration strength thus determined was estimated as the laceration strength of human adult male skin. Furthermore, according to the literature (Yamada Hiroshi, Human Body Strength and Aging, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, 1979), human adult females have 2/3 the strength of men's skin tensile breaking load. The tear strength of the skin was estimated to be 44 × 2/3 = 29N.

これに基づき、形成する大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６の第２の外皮である弾性部５の裂傷強度の目標値を約３０Ｎ程度に設定した。   Based on this, the target value of the laceration strength of the elastic part 5 which is the second outer skin of the adult laceration evaluation sample 6 to be formed was set to about 30N.

また、上記文献により７０歳以上の高齢者については３０・４０歳代の０．４６倍になることから、高齢者の皮膚の裂傷強度は２０Ｎ程度と考えられ、また、３歳の子供もこれに準じていると推定され、子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６の第２の外皮である弾性部５の裂傷強度の目標値を約２０Ｎ以下に設定した。   In addition, according to the above literature, for elderly people over 70 years old, the laceration strength of the elderly is considered to be about 20N because it is 0.46 times that of those in their 30s and 40s. The target value of the laceration strength of the elastic portion 5 that is the second outer skin of the child laceration evaluation sample 6 was set to about 20 N or less.

そして、様々な物性のシリコン樹脂で第２の弾性部５を形成した大人用、子供用の多種類のテスト用サンプル６’を造り、このテスト用サンプル６’を図３（ａ）に示す装置１１を用いて裂傷テストを行い、多種類のテスト用サンプル６’の中から、大人の女性の皮膚とほぼ等しい裂傷評価を可能とする物性の第２の弾性部５を有する大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６、子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６を選定して、これを本発明の大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６、子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６と設定した。   Then, various types of test samples 6 ′ for adults and children having the second elastic portion 5 formed of silicon resins having various physical properties are manufactured, and the test samples 6 ′ are shown in FIG. 3A. 11 is used to perform a laceration test, and from among a variety of test samples 6 ', an laceration evaluation for adults having a second elastic portion 5 having physical properties that enable laceration evaluation almost equal to that of an adult female skin. A sample 6 for children and a sample 6 for evaluating laceration for children were selected and set as a sample 6 for evaluating laceration for adults according to the present invention and a sample 6 for evaluating laceration for children.

次に、裂傷評価用サンプル６の物性を設定するための装置１１を用いて、上記のように裂傷評価用サンプル６を設定する具体例につき説明する。   Next, a specific example of setting the laceration evaluation sample 6 as described above using the apparatus 11 for setting the physical properties of the laceration evaluation sample 6 will be described.

裂傷評価用サンプル６の物性を設定するための装置１１は、図３（ａ）に示すようなもので、テスト用サンプル６’（裂傷評価用サンプル６）を支持する支持部７に可動スタンド１２を立設し、該可動スタンド１２にダイヤル１３の操作で上下移動する移動体１４を取付け、この移動体１４に下方に向けて裂傷用治具９を突出して設けると共に、裂傷用治具９の先端でテスト用サンプル６’（裂傷評価用サンプル６）を加圧した際の荷重を測定するための測定手段１５と、測定結果を表示する表示部１６とを備えて構成してある。   An apparatus 11 for setting the physical properties of the laceration evaluation sample 6 is as shown in FIG. 3A, and the movable stand 12 is mounted on the support portion 7 that supports the test sample 6 ′ (the laceration evaluation sample 6). A movable body 14 that moves up and down by operating the dial 13 is attached to the movable stand 12, and a tearing jig 9 is provided on the movable body 14 so as to project downward. It comprises a measuring means 15 for measuring the load when the test sample 6 ′ (tear evaluation sample 6) is pressed at the tip, and a display unit 16 for displaying the measurement result.

裂傷用治具９はステンレス製で、図３（ｂ）に示すように、先端が所定角度の鋭角なエッジ部８となっており、このエッジ部８は先端角度αが３０度で、最先端の曲率半径が０．２ｍｍに設定してある。また、上記エッジ部８の横幅ｐは、大人の女性の指の横巾にほぼ等しい約３０ｍｍに設定してある。   The tearing jig 9 is made of stainless steel, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the tip is a sharp edge portion 8 having a predetermined angle, and the edge portion 8 has a tip angle α of 30 degrees and is the most advanced. Is set to a radius of curvature of 0.2 mm. The width p of the edge portion 8 is set to about 30 mm, which is substantially equal to the width of an adult female finger.

上記装置１１を用いて、まず、上記した豚の皮膚の裂傷開始強度を求めた。つまり、豚の足部の皮膚を上記装置１１の支持部７に載置し、ダイヤル１３を操作して、豚の足部の皮膚を裂傷用治具９の先端のエッジ部８で直接加圧し、豚の足部の皮膚が裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重を測定した。このようにして多数の豚の足部のサンプルで実施し、上記した豚の足部の皮膚が裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重の平均値４４Ｎを求めた。   First, the above-mentioned apparatus 11 was used to determine the above-described laceration onset strength of pig skin. That is, the skin of the foot of the pig is placed on the support portion 7 of the apparatus 11 and the dial 13 is operated to directly pressurize the skin of the foot of the pig with the edge 8 at the tip of the tearing jig 9. The load when the skin of the foot of the pig began to start laceration was measured. Thus, it implemented with the sample of many pig feet, and calculated | required the average value 44N of the load when the skin of the above-mentioned pig foot starts to start a tear.

次に、あらかじめ形成した多種類の大人用のテスト用サンプル６’、多種類の子供用のテスト用サンプル６’を用いて、上記装置１１０で大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６、子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６に適合するものを選定した。   Next, using the various types of pre-formed test samples 6 ′ for adults and many types of test samples 6 ′ for children, the apparatus 110 is used to evaluate adult laceration samples 6 and children's lacerations. A sample suitable for the sample 6 for evaluation was selected.

すなわち、多種類のテスト用サンプル６’の中から、大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６を求めるには、大人用のテスト用サンプル６’を支持部７に載置し、ダイヤル１３を操作して、裂傷用治具９の先端のエッジ部８で直接加圧し、テスト用サンプル６’が裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重を測定し、多種類のテスト用サンプル６’の裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重が前述のようにして推定した約３０Ｎとなるものが大人の女性の指の裂傷評価用サンプル６としての合格品となる。   That is, in order to obtain an adult laceration evaluation sample 6 from a variety of test samples 6 ′, the adult test sample 6 ′ is placed on the support 7 and the dial 13 is operated. When applying pressure directly at the edge 8 of the tip of the tearing jig 9, measuring the load when the test sample 6 ′ starts to start tearing, and starting to start tearing of various types of test samples 6 ′ What is approximately 30N estimated as described above is an acceptable product as a sample 6 for evaluating tears of an adult female finger.

そして、様々な物性のシリコン樹脂により第２の弾性部５を形成したテスト用サンプル６’を上記のようにテストした結果、上記エッジ部８で直接加圧した際に裂傷開始し始める際の荷重が略３０Ｎという条件をほぼ満たすテスト用サンプル６’は、硬度が３０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以上５０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以下又は、伸びが１６０％以上３００％以下、又は、引張強さが３．０ＭＰａ以上４．５ＭＰａ以下、又は引裂強さが３ｋＮ／ｍ以上１５ｋＮ／ｍ以下の少なくとも１つ以上の条件を満たすシリコン樹脂により第２の弾性部５を形成することができることが判明した。   Then, as a result of testing the test sample 6 ′ in which the second elastic portion 5 is formed of silicon resin having various physical properties as described above, the load at the time of starting to tear when the edge portion 8 is directly pressed. The test sample 6 ′ that substantially satisfies the condition of about 30N has a hardness of 30 Shore A to 50 Shore A, an elongation of 160% to 300%, a tensile strength of 3.0 MPa to 4.5 MPa, or a tear strength. It has been found that the second elastic portion 5 can be formed of a silicon resin that satisfies at least one condition that is not less than 3 kN / m and not more than 15 kN / m.

ここで、第２の弾性部５は長さ１ｍｍの繊維を０．５％以上１．０％以下混合することで、裂傷開始をし始める第２の弾性部５の裂傷強度の調整を行うことができ、これによりいっそう第２の弾性部５が裂傷を開始し始める際の荷重を略３０Ｎに近づけることができて、人間の指の皮膚（大人の女性の指の皮膚）の裂傷強度に近づけるようにできる。使用する長さ１ｍｍの繊維としては種々の繊維が採用できるが、一例としては人毛を挙げることができる。   Here, the second elastic portion 5 adjusts the laceration strength of the second elastic portion 5 which starts to start laceration by mixing fibers having a length of 1 mm between 0.5% and 1.0%. As a result, the load when the second elastic portion 5 starts to tear can be made closer to about 30N, and the tear strength of the human finger skin (adult female finger skin) can be made closer. You can Various fibers can be adopted as the 1 mm long fiber to be used, and human hair can be mentioned as an example.

また、同様にして子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６を求めるには、子供用のテスト用サンプル６’を支持部７に載置し、ダイヤル１３を操作して、裂傷用治具９の先端のエッジ部８で直接加圧し、テスト用サンプル６’が裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重を測定し、多種類のテスト用サンプル６’の裂傷開始をし始める際の荷重が上記のようにして求めた約２０Ｎ以下となるものが子供用の指の裂傷評価用サンプル６としての合格品となる。   Similarly, in order to obtain the child tear evaluation sample 6, the child test sample 6 ′ is placed on the support portion 7 and the dial 13 is operated to Pressurize directly at the edge 8 to measure the load when the test sample 6 ′ starts to start laceration, and determine the load when starting various types of test sample 6 ′ to start laceration as described above. In addition, a product having a value of about 20 N or less becomes an acceptable product as a sample 6 for finger tear evaluation for children.

上記のようにして求めた、本発明の大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６や子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６は、人間の指（人間の大人の女性の指、あるいは、子供の指）が危険源となる可動部に挟まれた際の裂傷の発生を模擬的におこなって、建物のドアのような可動部、各種装置の扉のような可動部、あるいは、折り畳み装置における折り畳み可動部などの可動部の安全性の評価するために使用する。   The adult laceration evaluation sample 6 and the child laceration evaluation sample 6 of the present invention obtained as described above are dangerous for human fingers (human adult female fingers or children's fingers). Simulate the generation of tears when sandwiched between movable parts that are the source, such as movable parts such as doors of buildings, movable parts such as doors of various devices, folding movable parts in folding devices, etc. Used to evaluate the safety of moving parts.

評価試験を行う人が本発明の裂傷評価用サンプル６の把持部１を手で掴んだ状態で、可動部を閉じる操作をして可動部で骨部２に被嵌した被覆部３を挟む試験を行うことで、可動部を閉じた際に人間の指を挟んだ場合、裂傷が生じるか否かの安全評価を模擬的に行うことができる。   A test in which a person performing an evaluation test grips the grip portion 1 of the sample 6 for laceration evaluation of the present invention by hand, and closes the movable portion to sandwich the covering portion 3 fitted on the bone portion 2 by the movable portion. By performing the above, when a human finger is sandwiched when the movable part is closed, it is possible to simulate a safety evaluation as to whether or not a laceration will occur.

例えば、上記可動部に挟んだ場合の試験で、大人用の裂傷評価用サンプル６の被覆部３が裂傷すると、実際の人間の大人の女性が可動部を閉じる際に指を挟むと裂傷し、安全性に問題があるという評価ができ、一方、被覆部３が裂傷しなかった場合は、実際の人間の大人の女性が可動部を閉じる際に指を挟むと裂傷しなく安全であるという評価ができる。ここで、女性の指を挟んだ際に安全であるということは、当然裂傷強度が大人の女性よりも強い大人の男性にとっても安全であるという評価ができる。   For example, in the test when sandwiched between the movable parts, when the covering part 3 of the adult tear evaluation sample 6 is torn, an actual human adult female is torn when a finger is caught when closing the movable part, It can be evaluated that there is a problem with safety. On the other hand, if the covering part 3 is not torn, it is safe without tearing if an actual human adult woman pinches a finger when closing the movable part. Can do. Here, it can be evaluated that safety when a woman's finger is pinched is also safe for an adult man whose tear strength is stronger than that of an adult woman.

また、同様にして子供用の裂傷評価用サンプル６を用いて、危険発生源となる可動部を閉じた際に子供が指を挟んだ場合に、裂傷が生じるか否かの安全評価を模擬的に行うことができる。   Similarly, the child tear evaluation sample 6 is used to simulate a safety evaluation of whether or not a tear occurs when a child pinches a finger when the movable part that is a source of danger is closed. Can be done.

ところで、上記のようにして可動部を閉じた際に大人又は子供の指を挟んだ場合に、裂傷が生じるか否かの安全評価を模擬的に行うのであるが、裂傷が生じると、被覆部３を次の安全評価試験に使用することができない。   By the way, when the adult or child's finger is pinched when the movable part is closed as described above, a safety evaluation is performed to simulate whether or not a laceration occurs. 3 cannot be used for the next safety evaluation test.

しかしながら、本発明においては、骨部２と第２の弾性部５との間に第１の弾性部４が存在しているので、中の骨部２まで傷が付かないようにでき、したがって、被覆部３に裂傷が生じると、骨部２から裂傷が生じた被覆部３を外し、新しい被覆部３を骨部２に被嵌することで、可動部に挟まれた際に裂傷が生じるが否かの安全性評価試験に使用することができる。このように被覆部３のみを交換するだけで、骨部２を突設した把持部１を繰り返し使って、上記可動部の安全性評価ができて、経済的である。   However, in the present invention, since the first elastic portion 4 is present between the bone portion 2 and the second elastic portion 5, the inner bone portion 2 can be prevented from being damaged. When a laceration occurs in the covering portion 3, the covering portion 3 where the laceration has occurred is removed from the bone portion 2, and a new covering portion 3 is fitted on the bone portion 2, so that the laceration occurs when sandwiched between the movable portions. It can be used for safety evaluation tests. As described above, it is economical to evaluate the safety of the movable part by repeatedly using only the covering part 3 and repeatedly using the grip part 1 provided with the bone part 2 protruding therefrom.

なお、上記のように本発明の裂傷評価用サンプル６の把持部１を手で掴んで、可動部を閉じる操作をして可動部で骨部２に被嵌した被覆部３を挟む試験を行う際、鍔部１０を設けることで、把持部１を持つ作業者の手が可動部に誤って挟まれることがないようにしている。   In addition, as described above, the grip part 1 of the tear evaluation sample 6 according to the present invention is grasped by hand, and the movable part is closed to perform a test for sandwiching the covering part 3 fitted to the bone part 2 by the movable part. At this time, by providing the collar portion 10, the operator's hand holding the grip portion 1 is prevented from being accidentally pinched by the movable portion.

１ 把持部
２ 骨部
３ 被覆部
４ 第１の弾性部
５ 第２の弾性部
６ 裂傷評価用サンプル
７ 支持部
８ エッジ部
９ 裂傷用治具 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gripping part 2 Bone part 3 Covering part 4 1st elastic part 5 2nd elastic part 6 Sample for tear evaluation 7 Support part 8 Edge part 9 Jig for tear

Claims (5)

把持部から突出した人間の骨を模した骨部と、骨部に着脱自在に被嵌される被覆部とで構成され、被覆部が骨部に被嵌した状態で骨部の周囲を囲む骨部よりも硬度が低い第１の弾性部と、第１の弾性部を被覆する第１の弾性部よりも硬度が高く且つ人間の表皮を模した第２の弾性部の２層構造となっていることを特徴とする裂傷評価用サンプル。   Bone that is composed of a bone part that imitates a human bone protruding from the gripping part and a covering part that is detachably fitted to the bone part, and that surrounds the bone part with the covering part fitted to the bone part The first elastic portion having a lower hardness than the first elastic portion and the second elastic portion having a higher hardness than the first elastic portion covering the first elastic portion and imitating the human epidermis A sample for laceration evaluation characterized by 第２の弾性部の硬度が３０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以上５０ＳｈｏｒｅＡ以下又は、伸びが１６０％以上３００％以下、又は、引張強さが３．０ＭＰａ以上４．５ＭＰａ以下、又は引裂強さが３ｋＮ／ｍ以上１５ｋＮ／ｍ以下の少なくとも１つ以上の条件を満たすシリコン樹脂により形成してあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の裂傷評価用サンプル。   The hardness of the second elastic part is 30 Shore A to 50 Shore A, the elongation is 160% to 300%, the tensile strength is 3.0 MPa to 4.5 MPa, or the tear strength is 3 kN / m to 15 kN / m. The sample for tear evaluation according to claim 1, wherein the sample is formed of a silicon resin that satisfies at least one of the following conditions. 第２の弾性部は長さ１ｍｍの繊維を０．５％以上１．０％以下混合して成ることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載の裂傷評価用サンプル。   The sample for tear evaluation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second elastic portion is formed by mixing fibers having a length of 1 mm in a range of 0.5% to 1.0%. 請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれかに記載の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を決定するための装置であって、裂傷評価用サンプルを支持する支持部と、裂傷評価用サンプルに直接加圧する先端が所定角度の鋭角なエッジ部を備えた裂傷用治具とを備え、エッジ部で裂傷評価用サンプルを加圧した際の裂傷評価用サンプルの裂傷開始時の荷重を測定するようにして成ることを特徴とする裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置。   4. A device for determining physical properties of a laceration evaluation sample according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a support portion that supports the laceration evaluation sample and a tip that directly pressurizes the laceration evaluation sample. A laceration jig having a sharp edge portion of a predetermined angle, and measuring the load at the start of laceration of the laceration evaluation sample when the laceration evaluation sample is pressurized at the edge portion. An apparatus for setting the physical properties of a characteristic sample for laceration evaluation. エッジ部は、先端角度が３０度で、最先端の曲率半径が０．２ｍｍとなっていて、裂傷評価用サンプルが裂傷開始し始める強度が略３０Ｎであることを特徴とする請求項４記載の裂傷評価用サンプルの物性を設定するための装置。

The edge portion has a tip angle of 30 degrees, a cutting edge radius of curvature of 0.2 mm, and the strength at which the tear evaluation sample begins to start tearing is approximately 30 N. A device for setting the physical properties of a sample for laceration evaluation.

JP2009028833A 2009-02-10 2009-02-10 Laceration evaluating sample, and device for setting physical property of laceration evaluating sample Pending JP2010185717A (en)

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