JP2010159445A - Method of mixing metal particle and carbon powder, method of producing metal-carbon composite material, and metal-carbon composite material - Google Patents
Method of mixing metal particle and carbon powder, method of producing metal-carbon composite material, and metal-carbon composite material Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、粉末冶金法を基本に複合材を作製するための金属粒子とカーボンナノファイバー（以下、CNFと略記）等の炭素粉末の混合方法、金属・炭素複合材料の製造方法および金属・炭素複合材料に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for mixing metal particles and carbon nanofibers (hereinafter abbreviated as CNF) for producing composite materials based on powder metallurgy, a method for producing metal / carbon composite materials, and metal / carbon. It relates to composite materials.
アルミニウム（Ａｌ）合金やマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）合金中に、炭素繊維、金属繊維、セラミックス等の強化材を混入させた複合材が各種用途に用いられている。特に強化材としてカーボンナノファイバー（CNF）を用いたものは、高い強度を有し、しかも軽量であるという優れた特性を有している。 Composite materials in which reinforcing materials such as carbon fibers, metal fibers, and ceramics are mixed in an aluminum (Al) alloy or a magnesium (Mg) alloy are used for various applications. In particular, those using carbon nanofiber (CNF) as a reinforcing material have excellent properties such as high strength and light weight.
これら複合材の製法としては溶湯攪拌法、スクイズキャスト法、粉末冶金法などが知られている。
溶湯攪拌法は、溶融金属中に攪拌しながら強化材を混合し、しかる後固化する製法である。
また、スクイズキャスト法は、強化材をバインダで固定成形して多孔質性のプリフォームを形成し、溶融させた金属をプリフォームに加圧して含浸させ、その後固化する製法である（例えば特開２００７−１６２８６）。
また、粉末冶金法は、金属合金粉末と強化材との混合粉を圧縮成形し、この成形物にホットプレスなどを施し、次いで圧延や押出成形などを行う製法である（例えば特開２００４−１５２６１）。
Known methods for producing these composite materials include molten metal stirring, squeeze casting, and powder metallurgy.
The molten metal stirring method is a manufacturing method in which a reinforcing material is mixed in a molten metal while stirring and then solidified.
The squeeze casting method is a manufacturing method in which a reinforcing material is fixedly formed with a binder to form a porous preform, and a molten metal is pressed and impregnated into the preform, and then solidified (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-230866). 2007-16286).
The powder metallurgy method is a manufacturing method in which a mixed powder of a metal alloy powder and a reinforcing material is compression-molded, this molded product is subjected to hot pressing or the like, and then rolled, extruded, or the like (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-15261). ).
上記溶湯攪拌法は、簡便で大量生産向きであるが、強化材がカーボンナノファイバー（CNF）の場合、溶融金属と濡れ難く、微細なCNFが凝集しやすい性質から溶湯中に均一に混入しにくいという課題がある。
また、スクイズキャスト法の場合も、強化材が多孔質性のプリフォームの本体骨格部に存在し、孔の部分には存在しないので、均一分散は得られないという課題がある。
一方、粉末冶金法の場合、一般に製造コストが最も高くなる欠点はあるが、固体粉末状態で原料を扱う点で強化材の均一分散に適し、また、多様な素材の組み合わせが可能となる利点がある。
上記の3種類の製造方法に限られるものではないが、得られる複合材料の強度は用いる母相金属の粒子の大きさにも依存し、粒子径が小さいほど強度が高くなるが、金属粒子の小径化（微細化）には限界があるという課題がある。強度の観点からは母相金属粒子の微細化が望ましいが、反面、本発明対象のＡｌ粉末やＭｇは、消防法で規定された第2類危険物（可燃性固体）であり、それが活性であるために、微粉化すればするほど取扱いに注意を要する物質となるため、粉末冶金法は産業安全面での課題も存在する。
The molten metal stirring method is simple and suitable for mass production. However, when the reinforcing material is carbon nanofiber (CNF), it is difficult to get wet with molten metal, and fine CNF tends to aggregate, making it difficult to mix uniformly into the molten metal. There is a problem.
In the case of the squeeze cast method, there is a problem that uniform dispersion cannot be obtained because the reinforcing material exists in the main body skeleton of the porous preform and does not exist in the pores.
On the other hand, the powder metallurgy method has the disadvantage that the manufacturing cost is generally the highest, but it is suitable for uniform dispersion of the reinforcing material in terms of handling the raw material in the solid powder state, and it is possible to combine various materials. is there.
Although not limited to the above three types of manufacturing methods, the strength of the composite material obtained also depends on the size of the matrix metal particles used, and the smaller the particle diameter, the higher the strength. There is a problem that there is a limit in reducing the diameter (miniaturization). From the viewpoint of strength, it is desirable to make the metal phase metal particles finer, but on the other hand, the Al powder and Mg of the present invention are the second class hazardous materials (flammable solids) regulated by the Fire Service Act, which are active Therefore, the finer the powder, the more sensitive it is to handle, so the powder metallurgy method also has problems in terms of industrial safety.
また、上記いずれの方法も、理論的には得られる製品は高い強度を有し、また軽量であるという優れた特性を有するものの、CNFの分散性の問題があり、この分散性が十分でないと強度が改善されないという課題があった。 In addition, in any of the above methods, the product obtained theoretically has high strength and excellent properties of being lightweight, but there is a problem of dispersibility of CNF, and this dispersibility is not sufficient. There was a problem that the strength was not improved.
本発明は上記課題を解決すべくなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、より安全で、金属粒子の小径化が可能な金属粒子と炭素粉末の混合方法、および優れた強度を有する金属・炭素複合材料およびその製造方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a method of mixing metal particles and carbon powder, which is safer and capable of reducing the diameter of metal particles, and a metal having excellent strength. It is to provide a carbon composite material and a manufacturing method thereof.
本発明に係る金属粒子と炭素粉末の混合方法は、金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末と、黒鉛粉末および／またはカーボンナノファイバーからなる炭素粉末と、ボールとを振動ボールミルの容器に収容し、該振動ボールミルを駆動して、金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末が粉砕されて生じる金属粒子間に前記炭素粉末を介在させて金属粒子同士の再付着を防止しつつ金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末を所要大きさの粒状にまで粉砕するとともに炭素粉末と混合することを特徴とする。 The method for mixing metal particles and carbon powder according to the present invention includes a metal flake or metal coarse powder, carbon powder made of graphite powder and / or carbon nanofiber, and a ball contained in a container of a vibration ball mill, and the vibration ball mill. To drive the carbon flakes or coarse metal powder between the metal particles, the carbon powder is interposed between the metal particles to prevent the metal particles from re-adhering to each other. And is mixed with carbon powder.
金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末と黒鉛粉末を振動ボールミルに収容し、振動ボールミルを駆動して金属薄片の破砕と黒鉛粉末との混合を行って後、カーボンナノファイバーを添加して混合を行うと好適である。
金属薄片は、金属を機械切削して作製した切屑を細片化したもので、概略の寸法は厚さが0.5ｍｍ、長さが数ｍｍのものを用いると好適である。また、金属粗粉末は、機械粉砕やガスアトマイズ法などの公知の技術により作製されたもので、製造技術を問わずいずれでも良いが、その概略の粒径が1ｍｍ以下であるものを用いると好適である。なお、当該金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末は、産業安全上の問題が回避されるなら、原初状態から可能な範囲でより小さい薄片あるいは粉末であればある程、振動ボールミル工程の所要時間が短くなり好適である。
金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末に対して前記炭素粉末を１mass％〜５mass％混合することを特徴とする。
金属薄片あるいは金属粗粉末がマグネシウムもしくはアルミニウムおよびそれらの合金の薄片あるいは粗粉末であることを特徴とする。
前記振動ボールミルに３軸方向加振型ボールミルを用いると好適である。
It is preferable that metal flakes or metal coarse powder and graphite powder are accommodated in a vibration ball mill, the vibration ball mill is driven to crush the metal flakes and mix with the graphite powder, and then add and mix the carbon nanofibers. is there.
The metal flakes are obtained by cutting a piece of metal produced by machine cutting into pieces, and it is preferable to use rough dimensions with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of several mm. Further, the coarse metal powder is produced by a known technique such as mechanical pulverization or gas atomization method, and may be used regardless of the production technique. However, it is preferable to use one having an approximate particle size of 1 mm or less. is there. If the metal flakes or metal coarse powders avoid industrial safety problems, the smaller the flakes or powders that are possible from the original state, the shorter the required time for the vibration ball mill process. It is.
The carbon powder is mixed with 1 mass% to 5 mass% with respect to the metal flakes or the metal coarse powder.
The metal flakes or metal coarse powders are flakes or coarse powders of magnesium or aluminum and their alloys.
It is preferable to use a triaxial vibration type ball mill for the vibrating ball mill.
また、本発明に係る金属・炭素複合材料の製造方法は、上記いずれかの金属粒子と炭素粉末との混合方法により得られた混合粉末を真空加圧焼結を行って予成形体を形成し、この予成形体を真空熱間押出成形して押出成形品を得ることを特徴とする。
また本発明に係る金属・炭素複合材料は、上記金属・炭素複合材料の製造方法で得られた金属・炭素複合材料であって、金属の結晶粒の大きさが0.05μｍ〜５μmの範囲で分布していることを特徴とする。
In addition, the method for producing a metal / carbon composite material according to the present invention includes forming a preform by performing vacuum pressure sintering on the mixed powder obtained by the method of mixing any one of the above metal particles and carbon powder. The preform is subjected to vacuum hot extrusion to obtain an extruded product.
Further, the metal / carbon composite material according to the present invention is a metal / carbon composite material obtained by the above-described method for producing a metal / carbon composite material, wherein the size of the metal crystal grains is distributed in the range of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. It is characterized by that.
本発明によれば、金属結晶粒の微細化ができ、優れた強度を有する金属・炭素複合材料を提供できる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the metal crystal grain can be refined | miniaturized and the metal and carbon composite material which has the outstanding intensity | strength can be provided.
以下本発明の好適な実施の形態を実施例を含めつつ添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
＜金属粒子と炭素粉末の混合方法＞
母材となる金属・合金を機械切削して作製した厚さ0.5ｍｍ程度で長さと幅が数mm程度（１mm〜10mm程度）の母材切屑を所定量の微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFと一緒に３軸方向加振型ボールミル（株）トポロジックシステムズ社製TKMAC-1200L）に掛け混合した。
同ボールミルによる混合では、対象原材料を、金属、例えば一般的に使用されるステンレス鋼、あるいはジルコニアセラミックス容器内に同材質の直径10ｍｍ程度のボールとともに装填した後、容器内部を不活性ガスである、例えばArガスで満たして密閉し、上記ボールを強制的に揺動・衝突させる機構を利用して、同容器内に素材原料として充填した金属切屑と微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFを攪拌・混合・粉砕して複合化させる。その際のボールミルの振動数は800ｒｐｍ、処理時間は5時間程度とした。
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, including examples.
<Mixing method of metal particles and carbon powder>
A base metal chip of about 0.5 mm in thickness and width of about several millimeters (about 1 mm to 10 mm) produced by machining a metal or alloy as a base material together with a predetermined amount of fine graphite powder or CNF 3 The mixture was applied to an axial vibration type ball mill (TKMAC-1200L, manufactured by Topological Systems Co., Ltd.).
In the mixing by the ball mill, the target raw material is loaded with a metal, for example, generally used stainless steel, or a zirconia ceramic container together with a ball of the same material having a diameter of about 10 mm, and then the inside of the container is an inert gas. For example, using a mechanism that fills and seals with Ar gas and forcibly rocks and collides the ball, the metal chips and fine graphite powder or CNF filled in the container are stirred, mixed, and pulverized. And combine them. At that time, the frequency of the ball mill was set to 800 rpm, and the processing time was set to about 5 hours.
＜金属・炭素複合材料とその製造方法＞
上記のようにして得られた金属・黒鉛あるいはCNF複合粉末を、例えば、180μm以下の粒子のみに篩分けし、それを用いて常法により真空加圧焼結を行い550℃で5時間程度保持する条件で予成型体を得た。この予成形体を350℃程度で真空熱間押出成形し丸棒や形棒材からなる押出成形品（金属・炭素複合材料）を得た。
あるいは、同予成形体を半溶融もしくは溶融点直上の温度まで加熱溶融し、溶湯鍛造や射出成形などの方法で鋳造し、金属・炭素複合材料としてもよい。
さらに必要に応じて、時効熱処理などを適用してもよい。
<Metal / carbon composite material and its manufacturing method>
The metal / graphite or CNF composite powder obtained as described above is sieved, for example, only to particles of 180 μm or less, and vacuum-pressure sintering is performed by using a conventional method and held at 550 ° C. for about 5 hours. A preformed body was obtained under the following conditions. This preform was subjected to vacuum hot extrusion molding at about 350 ° C. to obtain an extruded product (metal / carbon composite material) composed of a round bar or a shaped bar.
Alternatively, the preform may be semi-molten or melted by heating to a temperature just above the melting point, and cast by a method such as molten metal forging or injection molding to form a metal / carbon composite material.
Furthermore, you may apply an aging heat processing etc. as needed.
＜本実施の形態における特徴＞
本実施の形態では、粉末冶金法を原理とした金属-CNF複合材料の製造工程において、金属切削屑と微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFを機械的に攪拌・混合させ金属-CNF複合素材を製造するボールミルプロセスにおいて、ボールの運動（衝突）エネルギーを金属素材切屑のみならず微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFに加え、微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFの変形や損傷・破壊を敢えて厭わずに与えることにより、粉砕されつつある金属素材切屑表面から微細黒鉛粉末やCNFを付着させつつ一体化させ複合化を図る点に特徴がある。
<Features in this embodiment>
In the present embodiment, in the metal-CNF composite material manufacturing process based on the principle of powder metallurgy, a ball mill process for manufacturing a metal-CNF composite material by mechanically stirring and mixing metal cutting waste and fine graphite powder or CNF In addition to adding metal kinetic (collision) energy to fine graphite powder or CNF as well as fine graphite powder or CNF, the metal material being crushed It is characterized in that it is integrated and integrated while adhering fine graphite powder and CNF from the chip surface.
ボールミル加工は金属素材切屑を微細な粉末に加工する目的で一般によく適用される技術である。製造される粉末のサイズはある大きさで限界に達し、それ以上には微細化できない。また、当然ながら、得られる粉末の大きさに依存して、その粉末を構成する結晶粒のサイズもある大きさ以下にはできない。その原因は、粉砕と同時に再合体が生じ、それが繰り返されるからである。ところで、金属素材に添加された黒鉛粉末やCNFは一般に金属と接合し難い。 Ball milling is a technique that is commonly applied for the purpose of processing metal material chips into fine powder. The size of the produced powder reaches a limit at a certain size and cannot be further refined. Of course, depending on the size of the obtained powder, the size of the crystal grains constituting the powder cannot be less than a certain size. This is because re-merging occurs simultaneously with the pulverization and is repeated. By the way, graphite powder and CNF added to a metal material are generally difficult to join with metal.
本実施の形態における最も根幹となる特徴は、従来のボールミル法では限界となる金属素材の微細化を更に促進できることである。即ち、金属素材切屑と一緒に微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFを同時に混ぜた状態でボールミル工程に掛ける。この工程で用いた微細黒鉛粉末およびCNFのSEM写真を図１に示す。
図１は、結晶粒微細化のためにボールミル工程で使用した市販品の微細黒鉛粉（図１(a)）：日本黒鉛工業（株）製CPB（商品名）と、カーボンナノファイバー（図１(b)）：昭和電工製のVGCF（商品名）のSEM写真である。前者は燐片状を呈しており、後者は前者に比べはるかに小さく繊維状を呈している。
The most fundamental feature of the present embodiment is that further refinement of the metal material, which is a limit in the conventional ball mill method, can be promoted. That is, it is subjected to a ball mill process in a state where fine graphite powder or CNF is mixed together with metal material chips. An SEM photograph of the fine graphite powder and CNF used in this step is shown in FIG.
Fig. 1 shows a commercial fine graphite powder (Fig. 1 (a)) used in the ball mill process for crystal grain refinement: CPB (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industries Co., Ltd., and carbon nanofiber (Fig. 1). (b)): SEM photograph of VGCF (trade name) manufactured by Showa Denko. The former has a flake shape, and the latter has a fiber shape much smaller than the former.
この微細黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFの介在が奏功して、金属素材切屑の粉砕が進む一方で生じる再合体を抑制できる。その理由は、黒鉛粉末やCNFは一般に金属と接合し難く、金属粉末同士の間に黒鉛粉末やCNFが挟まると金属粒子同士の合体を阻害するためと考えられる。
図２に、マグネシウム合金において最も汎用性の高い鋳造用合金であるAZ91Dを用い、その機械切削屑からボールミル加工し作製した粉末を真空加熱成形および熱間押出加工して得られた母材合金AZ91D（図２(a)）、およびAZ91D合金の機械切削屑に3mass%のCNFを添加し、ボールミル加工し作製した粉末を真空加熱成形および熱間押出加工して得られた金属・炭素複合材（図２(b)）のレーザー顕微鏡組織の比較を示す。なお、これら試料はいずれも人工時効熱処理（JISに規定するT6熱処理）を施してある。
The intervention of the fine graphite powder or CNF succeeds, and recombination that occurs while the metal material chips are pulverized can be suppressed. The reason is considered that graphite powder and CNF are generally difficult to join with metal, and if graphite powder or CNF is sandwiched between metal powders, the coalescence of metal particles is inhibited.
Fig. 2 shows the base alloy AZ91D obtained by vacuum-heating and hot-extruding the powder produced by ball milling the machined cutting scrap using AZ91D, which is the most versatile casting alloy among magnesium alloys. (Fig. 2 (a)), and metal / carbon composite material obtained by adding 3mass% CNF to machined cutting scrap of AZ91D alloy, ball milling, and vacuum heating forming and hot extruding powder ( The comparison of the laser microscope structure of FIG.2 (b)) is shown. All of these samples were subjected to artificial aging heat treatment (T6 heat treatment specified in JIS).
図２に示されるように、本実施の形態により作製された金属・炭素粉末複合材料の組織が母材のそれに比べて、結晶粒径は、局所的なばらつきはあるが1/2〜1/数10以下に微細化されることが分る。図２において、白い部分が結晶粒である。
計測したところ、結晶粒径は、図２(a)のものにおいて、2μｍ〜10μｍの範囲のものがほとんどであるが、図２(b)のものにおいては、0.05μｍ〜5μｍの範囲のもの、特には0.5μｍ〜1.0μｍの範囲のものが多く分布している。なお、計測は拡大写真を用いて切断法(既知長さの線分により切断される結晶粒の数を計測し、その切断長さの平均値を求める方法)により測定した。
As shown in FIG. 2, the grain size of the metal / carbon powder composite material produced according to the present embodiment is 1/2 to 1 / though though there is local variation compared to that of the base material. It can be seen that the size is reduced to several tens or less. In FIG. 2, white portions are crystal grains.
As a result of the measurement, the crystal grain size is mostly in the range of 2 μm to 10 μm in FIG. 2A, but in FIG. 2B, the crystal grain size is in the range of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. In particular, there are many distributions in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm. In addition, the measurement was performed by a cutting method (a method of measuring the number of crystal grains cut by a line segment of a known length and obtaining an average value of the cutting lengths) using an enlarged photograph.
金属組織学が明らかにしているように、結晶粒の微細化は材料の強靭化（降伏強度や引張強さの向上）を図る有効な手段である。いわゆるホールペッチ効果（Hall-Petch effect）である。
Hall-Petch効果は次式で書くことができる。即ち、材料の強度をσ、結晶粒径をdとするとき、
As revealed by metallography, refinement of crystal grains is an effective means for strengthening materials (improvement in yield strength and tensile strength). This is the so-called Hall-Petch effect.
The Hall-Petch effect can be written as That is, when the strength of the material is σ and the crystal grain size is d,
（数１）
σ＝σ0＋k／√ｄ
ここでσ0は結晶粒径に依存しない材料固有の値、kは比例定数である。従って、結晶粒径が小さくなるとその平方根の逆数に比例して、強度は増すこととなる。
(Equation 1)
σ = σ 0 + k / √d
Here, σ 0 is a material-specific value independent of the crystal grain size, and k is a proportionality constant. Therefore, as the crystal grain size decreases, the strength increases in proportion to the inverse of the square root.
本実施の形態で製造した微細結晶粒からなる複合合金粉末を用いて、真空加圧焼結予成型体を経て真空熱間押出成形して製造した複合合金の保有する高い強度は、結晶粒の微細化によるホールペッチ効果が明らかに貢献しており、また加えて、添加された微細黒鉛粉末やCNFがボールミル工程において、破断や損傷を受けるものの、一部は原形状に近い繊維状あるいは薄片状の形態を保持しているものもあることからその補強材としての効果も発揮されていると考えられる。 The high strength possessed by the composite alloy produced by vacuum hot extrusion through the vacuum pressure sintered preform using the composite alloy powder comprising fine crystal grains produced in the present embodiment is The Hall Petch effect due to miniaturization contributed obviously, and in addition, although the added fine graphite powder and CNF are broken or damaged in the ball mill process, some of them are fibrous or flaky, close to the original shape It is thought that the effect as a reinforcing material is also demonstrated because there is what has a form.
図３に、上記と同様にして作製した、マグネシウム合金AZ91D母材、AZ91D-CNF複合材料およびAZ91D-CPB複合材料に関する真空加熱成形および熱間押出し試験片の引張り試験特性を示す。
試験片：素径φ6ｍｍ（長さ60mm,標点間距離15mm,試験部直径φ4mm）
図３より、母材AZ91Dは、カーボンナノファイバー（VGCF：商品名）および微細黒鉛粉末CPBを添加したことにより明らかに強化されており、CPBの方が若干破断伸びが大きい。ただし、VGCFおよびCPBのいずれも5mass％まで添加量を増やすと強度および破断伸び共に減少に転じた。このことの原因は、VGCFおよびCPBの過剰添加によりそれらの局部的凝集が発生し、均一分散が損なわれ、結合力の弱い欠陥部として作用するためと考えられる。したがって、VGCF、CPBの添加量は１mass％以上で５mass％程度までが良好である。
FIG. 3 shows the tensile test characteristics of vacuum heat-formed and hot-extruded specimens for magnesium alloy AZ91D base material, AZ91D-CNF composite material, and AZ91D-CPB composite material produced in the same manner as described above.
Test piece: Element diameter φ6mm (length 60mm, distance between gauge points 15mm, test part diameter φ4mm)
From FIG. 3, the base material AZ91D is clearly strengthened by adding carbon nanofibers (VGCF: trade name) and fine graphite powder CPB, and CPB has a slightly larger elongation at break. However, both VGCF and CPB turned to decrease in strength and elongation at break when the addition amount was increased to 5 mass%. The reason for this is thought to be that local addition of VGCF and CPB causes local agglomeration, which impairs uniform dispersion and acts as a defect having weak bonding strength. Therefore, the addition amount of VGCF and CPB is preferably 1 mass% or more and about 5 mass%.
図３に示すAZ91D複合材に関する成果は、中川らが、スクイズキャストにより11mass.%のアルミナ短繊維を複合したAZ91D合金において引張り強さ270Mpaおよび破断伸び1％を得ている結果（軽金属, 45, 21-26, 1995）と比較し、より優れた機械的性能が実現されていることを示している。さらに、黒鉛粉末の添加により強化の効果が現れることは、VGCFに比べ安価で経済性に優れる複合材料を製造するために、CNFの一部を代替できることを意味しており、実用的に意義が大きい。
図３に示すように、例えば、マグネシウム合金AZ91D-3%VGCF複合材料の引張強さは、σB=430MPaに達した。これらは他に類例のない高強度複合材料である。
As a result of the AZ91D composite material shown in FIG. 3, Nakagawa et al. Obtained a tensile strength of 270 MPa and a breaking elongation of 1% in an AZ91D alloy composited with 11 mass.% Alumina short fibers by squeeze casting (light metal, 45, 21-26, 1995), it shows that better mechanical performance is realized. Furthermore, the effect of strengthening due to the addition of graphite powder means that a part of CNF can be substituted in order to produce a composite material that is cheaper and more economical than VGCF. large.
As shown in FIG. 3, for example, the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy AZ91D-3% VGCF composite material reached σ B = 430 MPa. These are unprecedented high strength composite materials.
図４に、上記と同様にして作製した、アルミニウム合金A7075母材、およびA7075-3mass%CPB複合材料、 A7075-3mass%VGCF複合材料に関する真空加熱成形および熱間押出材の引張試験特性を示す。
試験片：素径φ6ｍｍ（長さ60mm,標点間距離15mm,試験部直径φ4mm）
図４から明らかなように、アルミニウム合金A7075に関しても、図３と同様の効果が認められ、A7075-3mass%VGCF複合合金の引張強さはσB=530MPaに達した。A7075-3mass%CPB複合合金の引張強さはCNF複合材料より若干低いσB=510MPaであったが両者に大差はないといえる。
FIG. 4 shows the tensile test characteristics of vacuum hot-formed and hot extruded materials for aluminum alloy A7075 base material, A7075-3 mass% CPB composite material, and A7075-3 mass% VGCF composite material produced in the same manner as described above.
Test piece: Element diameter φ6mm (length 60mm, distance between gauge points 15mm, test part diameter φ4mm)
As is apparent from FIG. 4, the same effect as in FIG. 3 was observed for the aluminum alloy A7075, and the tensile strength of the A7075-3 mass% VGCF composite alloy reached σ B = 530 MPa. The tensile strength of the A7075-3mass% CPB composite alloy was slightly lower than that of the CNF composite material, σ B = 510 MPa, but it can be said that there is no significant difference between the two.
複合材料の強化は黒鉛粉末CPBを添加してもVGCF添加材と比較して遜色なく達成できるので、CNFの一部は市販価格が1/数10以下の安価な黒鉛粉末に代替可能である。そこで、先ず、黒鉛粉末の添加により金属素材切屑の微細化を行い、更に追加工程で、CNFを補助的に導入すれば、CNFの補強効果が相乗され、強度や延性の増進を達成できると共に、コストの低減化が図れる。
図５に、上記と同様にして作成したマグネシウム合金AZ91D母材、AZ91D-3mass％VGCF複合材料、およびAZ91D-2mass％CPB+1mass%VGCF複合材料に関する真空加熱成形および熱間押出材の引張試験特性を示す。
試験片：素径φ6ｍｍ（長さ60mm,標点間距離15mm,試験部直径φ4mm）
ここでAZ91D-2mass％CPB+1mass%VGCF試料は、予め2mass％PCBの添加でAZ91D切屑とボールミル処理して得られた粉末にさらに1mass％のVGCFを添加し、再度ボールミル混合処理を経て作製した複合材料である。
図５に示すように、AZ91D-2mass％CPB+1mass%VGCF複合材料ではその強度は470MPaに達し、しかも破断伸びも4％に維持された。この値は3mass% VGCF添加複合材料に比べ、強度と同時に破断伸びでも優れる好ましい結果である。この結果は、現状ではCNFが高価であることが、CNF複合材料の実用化を阻む欠点となっている問題を克服することにも繋がり、その意義は明らかである。
Reinforcement of the composite material can be achieved even if graphite powder CPB is added compared to VGCF additive, so a part of CNF can be replaced with inexpensive graphite powder whose commercial price is 1 / several tens or less. Therefore, first, by adding graphite powder to refine the metal material chips, and additionally introducing CNF in an additional step, the reinforcing effect of CNF can be synergistically achieved, and strength and ductility can be increased, Cost can be reduced.
Fig. 5 shows the tensile test characteristics of vacuum heat forming and hot extrusion for magnesium alloy AZ91D base material, AZ91D-3mass% VGCF composite material, and AZ91D-2 mass% CPB + 1 mass% VGCF composite material prepared in the same manner as above. Indicates.
Test piece: Element diameter φ6mm (length 60mm, distance between gauge points 15mm, test part diameter φ4mm)
Here, AZ91D-2mass% CPB + 1mass% VGCF sample was prepared by adding 1mass% VGCF to the powder obtained by ball milling with AZ91D chips in advance by adding 2mass% PCB, and again through ball mill mixing treatment. It is a composite material.
As shown in FIG. 5, the strength of the AZ91D-2 mass% CPB + 1 mass% VGCF composite material reached 470 MPa, and the elongation at break was maintained at 4%. This value is a preferable result that is superior in strength and elongation at break as compared with the composite material containing 3 mass% VGCF. This result clearly means that the high cost of CNF in the present situation leads to overcoming the problems that hinder the practical application of CNF composite materials, and its significance is clear.
図６には、上記図５に掲載したAZ91D-2mass％CPB+1mass%VGCF複合材料の引張り試験後の破断面SEM組織を示した。複雑な凹凸を生じた破断面の一部には繊維状のVGCFの突き出しが観察されるが、VGCFの局所的な凝集状態は認められなかった。図5で説明したVGCFの追添加による複合材料の強度および破断伸びの改善効果は、図6の中央部に挿入した円内に観察されるような母材から突出したVGCFの存在から判断して、VGCFが母材同士の結合強度の増大に寄与していることを示唆していると考えられる。 FIG. 6 shows a fracture surface SEM structure of the AZ91D-2 mass% CPB + 1 mass% VGCF composite material shown in FIG. 5 after a tensile test. Fibrous VGCF protrusions were observed on a part of the fractured surface with complex irregularities, but local aggregation of VGCF was not observed. The effect of improving the strength and breaking elongation of the composite material due to the additional addition of VGCF explained in Fig. 5 is judged from the existence of VGCF protruding from the base material as observed in the circle inserted in the center of Fig. 6. This suggests that VGCF contributes to an increase in bond strength between the base materials.
また、本実施の形態における複合粉末製造プロセスは、Mgのような活性で取扱いに注意を要する微粉末を原料とする必要は無く、通常の機械切削切屑あるいは粗粉末を出発原料として、これに黒鉛粉末あるいはCNFを混ぜた状態から粉砕の工程が始まるので、複合材料の安全な製造にも寄与し好ましい。 In addition, the composite powder manufacturing process according to the present embodiment does not require the use of fine powder that is active and requires careful handling, such as Mg, as a starting material, using ordinary machined cutting chips or coarse powder as a starting material. Since the pulverization process starts from a state where powder or CNF is mixed, it contributes to the safe production of composite materials, which is preferable.
従来、本実施の形態で採用した方法と類似なボールミル法など用いた金属-CNF複合粉末の製造方法は多数あるが、いずれも、CNF自体の性質を失わぬよう可能な限り損傷をさけるような混合方法を採用することに腐心している。本発明者も当初はそのような観点から、複合粉末の作製に注力していた。またこれとは別に、単にボールミル法により金属切屑を微細化する特許発明も存在するが、本実施の形態のように、黒鉛やCNFを介在させるものではない単純な技術である。 Conventionally, there are many metal-CNF composite powder production methods using a ball mill method similar to the method employed in the present embodiment, but all of them avoid damage as much as possible so as not to lose the properties of CNF itself. Emphasis on adopting a mixing method. The present inventor also focused on the production of the composite powder from such a viewpoint. Apart from this, there is also a patented invention in which metal chips are simply refined by the ball mill method, but this is a simple technique that does not involve graphite or CNF as in this embodiment.
上記のごとく、本実施の形態では、黒鉛あるいはCNFの有する金属との難接合性を利用してボールミル工程で現れる母材金属粉末の結晶粒微細化作用を活かし、結果的にホールペッチ効果と、CNFの補強効果の相乗効果を利用した点に特徴がある。このような概念は既報の研究論文や特許文献にも見当たらない。 As described above, in the present embodiment, by utilizing the difficulty of bonding with the metal possessed by graphite or CNF, utilizing the crystal grain refining action of the base metal powder that appears in the ball mill process, as a result, the Hall Petch effect and the CNF It is characterized by the use of the synergistic effect of the reinforcing effect. Such a concept is not found in published research papers or patent literature.
本実施の形態における、CNFの優れた諸性質を活かした金属・CNF複合材料は、今後、軽量化や省エネルギーが求められる産業分野、例えば、航空機・自動車・電気・電子・日用品などの各種工業製品に適用できる新しい合金素材として有用な材料となると考えられる。 In the present embodiment, the metal / CNF composite material utilizing the excellent properties of CNF is an industrial field in which lightening and energy saving will be required in the future, such as various industrial products such as aircraft, automobiles, electricity, electronics, and daily necessities. It is considered to be a useful material as a new alloy material that can be applied to.
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| KR20210078495A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2021-06-28 | 후루카와 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Aluminum alloy material and conductive members using the same, battery members, fastening parts, spring parts, structural parts, cabtire cables |
| WO2020158683A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Aluminum alloy, and electroconductive member, battery member, fastener component, spring component, structural component and cabtyre cable using same |
| WO2020158682A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material, and electroconductive member, battery member, fastening component, spring component, structural component and cabtyre cable each using same |
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