JP2010153328A - Optical element and light-emitting device - Google Patents

Optical element and light-emitting device Download PDF

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JP2010153328A
JP2010153328A JP2008333138A JP2008333138A JP2010153328A JP 2010153328 A JP2010153328 A JP 2010153328A JP 2008333138 A JP2008333138 A JP 2008333138A JP 2008333138 A JP2008333138 A JP 2008333138A JP 2010153328 A JP2010153328 A JP 2010153328A
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light
incident
emitting device
light guide
concave portion
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JP5306799B2 (en
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Katsunori Shinohara
克徳 篠原
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Nitto Optical Co Ltd
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Nitto Optical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical element and a light-emitting device capable of suppressing formation of glare. <P>SOLUTION: The light-emitting device is constituted of the light-emitting element in which a portion to reflect light incident from an incident part 11, and emit the reflected light is made a first recessed part (reflecting face 12) to become a reversed cone shape against the incident part 11, and in the incident part 11, a cone-shaped second recessed part (recessed part 18) symmetrically arranged to the first recessed part is formed, and a light-emitting member (LED) which makes light incident into the incident part 11 arranged at a position opposite to the first recessed part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、光学素子および発光装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an optical element and a light emitting device.

近年、ＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode）のハイパワー化、高効率化により、白熱電球および蛍光灯の代替えとして、ＬＥＤ照明装置が実用化されてきている。白熱電球または蛍光灯に比べて、ＬＥＤは大きさが小さく、光束密度が高い。また、白熱電球および蛍光灯が全方位に発光するのに対して、ＬＥＤは光線の指向性を高くし易いという特徴を有する。また、最近では、３Ｗさらには１０ＷというパワーＬＥＤも実用化されている。   In recent years, LED lighting devices have been put into practical use as an alternative to incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps due to the high power and high efficiency of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Compared with incandescent bulbs or fluorescent lamps, LEDs are smaller in size and have a higher luminous flux density. Further, incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps emit light in all directions, whereas LEDs have a feature that the directivity of light rays is easily increased. Recently, power LEDs of 3W or 10W have been put into practical use.

このようなＬＥＤを光源とする照明装置として、以下の照明装置が提案されている。ＬＥＤからの光が、光拡散体へ入射し、反射することなく射出する光と、光拡散体へ入射した後に内部で１回あるいは複数回反射した後に射出する光とを協同させることにより、装置全体（特に光拡散体）を薄いものとしつつも、広い範囲を照射可能に構成した照明装置である。（特許文献１参照）。   As illumination devices using such LEDs as light sources, the following illumination devices have been proposed. A device in which light from an LED enters the light diffuser and exits without reflecting, and light that enters the light diffuser and then exits after being reflected once or a plurality of times inside the device. The illumination device is configured to be able to irradiate a wide range while making the whole (especially a light diffuser) thin. (See Patent Document 1).

特開２００７−１４００５６号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-140056

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載されている照明装置は、ＬＥＤから発せられる光が光拡散体へ入射し、反射することなく射出する光が多くなり過ぎる場合がある。たとえば、ＬＥＤの上部へ直線的に出射する光は、そのまま通過しやすい。すると、光拡散体の中心の光束密度が高くまぶしさ（グレア）の大きいものとなる。   However, in the lighting device described in Patent Document 1, light emitted from the LED may enter the light diffuser and may emit too much light without being reflected. For example, light that exits linearly to the top of the LED is easy to pass through. Then, the light flux density at the center of the light diffuser is high and the glare is high.

そこで、本発明の目的は、グレアの発生を抑制できる光学素子および発光装置を提供することである。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical element and a light-emitting device that can suppress the occurrence of glare.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の光学素子は、入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する光学素子において、反射させる部分を入射部に対して逆錐状体で、かつ頂点が丸みを帯びたまたは平坦状とした第１凹部とし、入射部には、第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成されている。   In order to achieve the above object, the optical element of the present invention reflects the light incident from the incident part, and in the optical element that emits the reflected light, the part to be reflected is an inverted cone with respect to the incident part. In addition, a first concave portion having a rounded or flat apex is formed, and a second concave portion having a cone shape disposed symmetrically with the first concave portion is formed in the incident portion.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の光学素子は、入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する光学素子において、反射させる部分を入射部に対して逆錐状体となる第１凹部とし、入射部には、第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成されている。   In order to achieve the above object, the optical element of the present invention reflects the light incident from the incident part, and in the optical element that emits the reflected light, the reflected part is an inverted cone with respect to the incident part. The first concave portion is formed, and the incident portion is formed with a second concave portion having a cone shape arranged symmetrically with the first concave portion.

ここで、第２凹部の頂点を丸みを帯びた形状または平坦状としたことが好ましい。   Here, it is preferable that the apex of the second recess is rounded or flat.

また、第１凹部と第２凹部を共に円錐状としたことが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that both the 1st recessed part and the 2nd recessed part were made into cone shape.

また、第１凹部は、入射した光であって直進してくる光を全反射させる反射面を有し、かつ入射した光を多重散乱させ反射面を通過して出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子を含有していることが好ましい。   The first recess has a reflecting surface that totally reflects incident light that travels straight, and light scattering that generates incident light that passes through the reflecting surface by multiple scattering. It is preferable to contain particles.

また、入射部は、第２凹部の底面と同一面となる平面部を、第２凹部の外周に有していることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the incident part has the flat part which becomes the same surface as the bottom face of a 2nd recessed part in the outer periphery of a 2nd recessed part.

また、入射部は、第２凹部の外側に入射してくる光を屈折または全反射させる凸部を有し、その凸部は平面部から第２凹部とは逆側に突出するように設けられていることが好ましい。   The incident portion has a convex portion that refracts or totally reflects light incident on the outside of the second concave portion, and the convex portion is provided so as to protrude from the flat portion to the opposite side to the second concave portion. It is preferable.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の発光装置は、入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する発光装置において、反射させる部分を入射部に対して逆錐状体で、かつ頂点が丸みを帯びたまたは平坦状とした第１凹部とし、入射部には、第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成され、第２凹部と対向する位置に入射部に光を入射する発光部材が配置されている。   In order to achieve the above object, the light emitting device of the present invention reflects light incident from the incident portion, and in the light emitting device that emits the reflected light, the portion to be reflected is an inverted cone with respect to the incident portion, In addition, a first concave portion having a rounded or flat top is formed, and a conical-shaped second concave portion arranged symmetrically with the first concave portion is formed in the incident portion, and is opposed to the second concave portion. A light emitting member that makes light incident on the incident portion is arranged at a position.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の発光装置は、入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する発光装置において、反射させる部分を入射部に対して逆錐状体となる第１凹部とし、入射部には、第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成され、第２凹部と対向する位置に入射部に光を入射する発光部材が配置されている。   In order to achieve the above object, the light emitting device of the present invention reflects light incident from the incident portion, and in the light emitting device that emits the reflected light, the reflected portion becomes an inverted cone with respect to the incident portion. The first concave portion is formed with a cone-shaped second concave portion arranged symmetrically with the first concave portion, and a light emitting member that enters light into the incident portion at a position facing the second concave portion. Has been placed.

ここで、第２凹部の頂点を丸みを帯びた形状または平坦状としたことが好ましい。   Here, it is preferable that the apex of the second recess is rounded or flat.

また、第１凹部と第２凹部を共に円錐状としたことが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that both the 1st recessed part and the 2nd recessed part were made into cone shape.

また、第１凹部は、入射した光であって直進してくる光を全反射させる反射面を有し、かつ入射した光を多重散乱させ反射面を通過して出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子を含有していることが好ましい。   The first recess has a reflecting surface that totally reflects incident light that travels straight, and light scattering that generates incident light that passes through the reflecting surface by multiple scattering. It is preferable to contain particles.

本発明では、グレアの発生を抑制できる光学素子および発光装置を提供することができる。   The present invention can provide an optical element and a light-emitting device that can suppress the occurrence of glare.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子および発光装置の構成、ならびにそれらの作用について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, the configuration of the optical element and the light-emitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention and the operation thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.

（光学素子の構成）
図１は、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子である透光部材１の構成を示す平面図、図２は、その正面図および図３はその底面図である。 (Configuration of optical element)
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of a translucent member 1 that is an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a bottom view thereof.

図１から図３に示すように、透光部材１は、外形が円形であって、光散乱粒子として粒子径が数μｍの球状かつ透光性のシリコーン粒子（図示省略）が含有された透明のポリメチルメタクリレート（以下、「ＰＭＭＡ」と略記する。）樹脂成形体である。透光部材１は、中央に配置される平面円形状の第１の導光部２と、その周りに配置されるドーナツ状の第２の導光部３とを有する。第１の導光部２は、その第１の導光部２に光を入射する入射部１１（図３，図４参照）と、入射部１１へ入射した光を反射する入射部１１とは反対側の面に配置される反射面１２（第１凹部）とを有している。   As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the translucent member 1 has a circular outer shape and contains transparent and transparent silicone particles (not shown) having a particle diameter of several μm as light scattering particles. The polymethylmethacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as “PMMA”) resin molding. The translucent member 1 includes a planar circular first light guide 2 disposed in the center, and a donut-shaped second light guide 3 disposed around the first light guide 2. The first light guide unit 2 includes an incident unit 11 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) that makes light incident on the first light guide unit 2 and an incident unit 11 that reflects the light incident on the incident unit 11. And a reflecting surface 12 (first recess) disposed on the opposite surface.

この反射面１２の中央は、中心点１３となり、その中心点１３は、透光部材１の中心であり、第１の導光部２の中心であり、かつ第２の導光部３の中心となる。この透光部材１は、入射部１１に入射した光を反射面１２に導き反射面１２によって反射した光を第２の導光部３に導いている。第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３とは、２材成形によって一体化され、透光部材１は見た目上、完全な１部品として形成されている。なお、以下では、図２の上側を透光部材１の上面といい、下側を透光部材１の下面という。   The center of the reflecting surface 12 is a center point 13, which is the center of the translucent member 1, the center of the first light guide 2, and the center of the second light guide 3. It becomes. The translucent member 1 guides light incident on the incident portion 11 to the reflection surface 12 and guides light reflected by the reflection surface 12 to the second light guide portion 3. The first light guide portion 2 and the second light guide portion 3 are integrated by two-material molding, and the translucent member 1 is formed as a completely complete component. In the following, the upper side of FIG. 2 is referred to as the upper surface of the translucent member 1, and the lower side is referred to as the lower surface of the translucent member 1.

図１に示す第１の導光部２の外形の半径（Ｒ１）は１１ｍｍであり、第２の導光部３の外形の半径（Ｒ２）は８０ｍｍである。したがって、透光部材１のうち、第１の導光部２が占める面積は、（πＲ１２／
πＲ２２）で求められ、約１．８９％である。 The outer radius (R1) of the first light guide 2 shown in FIG. 1 is 11 mm, and the outer radius (R2) of the second light guide 3 is 80 mm. Accordingly, the area occupied by the first light guide 2 in the translucent member 1 is (πR1 2 /
πR2 2 ), which is about 1.89%.

図２に示すように、透光部材１の第２の導光部３の上面が平面であり、また第２の導光部３の下面が透光部材１の端部５から透光部材１の中心である第１の導光部２に向かって徐々に厚みを増す形状となっている。そして、透光部材１の端部１５側の下端面には第２の導光部３に導光された光を上面側に全反射する反射部１６がリング状に形成されている。この反射部１６は、中心点１３を中心として同心円状に設置されている。また、第１の導光部２は、その下面側に円筒状のＬＥＤ保持部１７を有している。   As shown in FIG. 2, the upper surface of the second light guide portion 3 of the translucent member 1 is a flat surface, and the lower surface of the second light guide portion 3 extends from the end portion 5 of the translucent member 1 to the translucent member 1. The thickness gradually increases toward the first light guide portion 2 which is the center of the light guide. And the reflection part 16 which totally reflects the light guide | induced to the 2nd light guide part 3 to the upper surface side is formed in the lower end surface by the side of the edge part 15 of the translucent member 1 at the ring shape. The reflecting portion 16 is disposed concentrically around the center point 13. Moreover, the 1st light guide part 2 has the cylindrical LED holding | maintenance part 17 in the lower surface side.

図３に示すように、透光部材１の中央部に円形の第１の導光部２が配置され、その第１の導光部２の下面側にリング状のＬＥＤ保持部１７が配置されている。また、第２の導光部３の端部１５の下面側の全周に沿ってリング状の反射部１６が各点において同一形状となるように形成されている。さらに、第１の導光部２には、その下面側にＬＥＤ保持部１７よりも径の小さな底面の円錐状の凹部１８（第２凹部）が形成されている。そして、凹部１８の円錐底面と同一面となる平面部１９が、凹部１８の外周に形成されている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the circular first light guide 2 is disposed at the center of the translucent member 1, and the ring-shaped LED holding portion 17 is disposed on the lower surface side of the first light guide 2. ing. Further, the ring-shaped reflecting portion 16 is formed so as to have the same shape at each point along the entire circumference on the lower surface side of the end portion 15 of the second light guide portion 3. Further, the first light guide portion 2 is formed with a conical recess 18 (second recess) having a bottom surface having a smaller diameter than the LED holding portion 17 on the lower surface side thereof. A flat portion 19 that is flush with the conical bottom surface of the recess 18 is formed on the outer periphery of the recess 18.

図４は、図１のＡ−Ａ断面図である。ＬＥＤ保持部１７は、下面側に突出した円筒状の形状をしている。ＬＥＤ保持部１７は、第１の導光部２の一部を形成しているが、第２の導光部３の下面側に配置し、第２の導光部３の一部として形成しても良い。ＬＥＤ保持部１７の内周面１７ａは、入射部１１の平面に対し垂直に下面側に延びている。一方、ＬＥＤ保持部１７の内周面１７ａは、入射部１１の平面に対し垂直に下面側に延びている。一方、ＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂは、内周面１７ａに対し、鋭角の角度αを持つように形成される。これは、後述する光源からの光がこのＬＥＤ保持部１７に入射した場合、その入射光を反射させ第１の導光部２や第２の導光部３に導くようにする。反射面１２の凹部形状は、入射部１１に対して逆円錐状体で、その円錐状体の側面は透光部材１の上面側に膨らんでおり、かつその円錐状体の頂点（中心点１３に相当する部分）が丸みを帯びている（図５参照）。また、空間が円錐形状である凹部１８の円錐頂点部分（以下「凹部１８の頂点」という。）も同様に丸みを帯びている（図５参照）。なお、入射部１１は、ＬＥＤ保持部１７の内周面１７ａと、凹部１８と、平面部１９からなる。   4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The LED holding part 17 has a cylindrical shape protruding to the lower surface side. The LED holding unit 17 forms a part of the first light guide unit 2, but is disposed on the lower surface side of the second light guide unit 3 and formed as a part of the second light guide unit 3. May be. The inner peripheral surface 17 a of the LED holding portion 17 extends to the lower surface side perpendicular to the plane of the incident portion 11. On the other hand, the inner peripheral surface 17 a of the LED holding portion 17 extends to the lower surface side perpendicular to the plane of the incident portion 11. On the other hand, the outer peripheral surface 17b of the LED holding portion 17 is formed to have an acute angle α with respect to the inner peripheral surface 17a. In this case, when light from a light source to be described later enters the LED holding unit 17, the incident light is reflected and guided to the first light guide unit 2 or the second light guide unit 3. The concave shape of the reflecting surface 12 is an inverted conical body with respect to the incident portion 11, and the side surface of the conical body swells toward the upper surface side of the translucent member 1, and the apex (center point 13) of the conical body. (Corresponding to) is rounded (see FIG. 5). Further, the conical apex portion of the concave portion 18 having a conical space (hereinafter referred to as “the apex of the concave portion 18”) is similarly rounded (see FIG. 5). The incident portion 11 includes an inner peripheral surface 17 a of the LED holding portion 17, a concave portion 18, and a flat portion 19.

図５は、図４の断面図における透光部材１の反射面１２の周辺部分の詳細を示す拡大図である。反射面１２のうち、最も下側へ凹んだ部分は、中心点１３となっている。その中心点１３の付近は球面状とされているが、平坦状としても良い。その中心点１３の対向位置に凹部１８の頂点部分が位置している。凹部１８の頂点付近も球面状とされているが、平坦状としたり図４に示すように鋭角としたりしても良い。また、図５に示すように、透光部材１には、光散乱粒子２１が含有されている。この光散乱粒子２１は、１〜１０μｍの粒径のシリコーン粒子となっており、第２の導光部３よりも第１の導光部２に高密度に含有されている。具体的には、第１の導光部２の光散乱粒子２１の含有率は０．１重量％であり、第２の導光部３の光散乱粒子２１の含有率は０．０６重量％である。ただし、光散乱粒子２１は、第１の導光部２よりも第２の導光部３に高密度に含有されていても良いし、光散乱粒子２１の含有率を第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３とで等しくしても良い。なお、第１の導光部２に含有されている光散乱粒子２１は、散乱パラメータをτ、第１の導光部２の厚みをＴとしたとき、τとＴの積が０．１以上５０以下の範囲内とされている。   FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing details of the peripheral portion of the reflecting surface 12 of the translucent member 1 in the cross-sectional view of FIG. A portion of the reflecting surface 12 that is recessed downward is a center point 13. Although the vicinity of the center point 13 is spherical, it may be flat. The apex portion of the recess 18 is located at a position facing the center point 13. The vicinity of the apex of the recess 18 is also spherical, but it may be flat or have an acute angle as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the light transmissive member 1 contains light scattering particles 21. The light scattering particles 21 are silicone particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm, and are contained in the first light guide 2 at a higher density than the second light guide 3. Specifically, the content of the light scattering particles 21 in the first light guide 2 is 0.1% by weight, and the content of the light scattering particles 21 in the second light guide 3 is 0.06% by weight. It is. However, the light scattering particles 21 may be contained in the second light guide 3 at a higher density than the first light guide 2, and the content ratio of the light scattering particles 21 may be set to the first light guide. 2 and the second light guide 3 may be equal. The light scattering particles 21 contained in the first light guide 2 have a product of τ and T of 0.1 or more, where τ is the scattering parameter and T is the thickness of the first light guide 2. The range is 50 or less.

なお、この実施の形態では、ＬＥＤ保持部１７にも光散乱粒子２１が入っており、その含有量は第１の導光部２と同じとなっている。しかし、ＬＥＤ保持部１７には、光散乱粒子２１を入れないようにしたり第２の導光部３と同じ含有率としてもよい。また、図５では光散乱粒子２１は分散配置されている。   In this embodiment, light scattering particles 21 are also contained in the LED holding unit 17, and the content thereof is the same as that of the first light guide unit 2. However, the LED holding unit 17 may not contain the light scattering particles 21 or may have the same content as the second light guide unit 3. In FIG. 5, the light scattering particles 21 are dispersedly arranged.

以下、光散乱粒子２１について説明する。この光散乱粒子２１は、体積的に一様な散乱能が与えられた導光体であり、散乱微粒子としての球形粒子を多数含んでいる。第１の導光部２または第２の導光部３の内部に光が入射すると、その光は散乱微粒子によって散乱することになる。   Hereinafter, the light scattering particles 21 will be described. The light scattering particle 21 is a light guide having a volumetric uniform scattering ability, and includes a large number of spherical particles as scattering fine particles. When light enters the first light guide 2 or the second light guide 3, the light is scattered by the scattering particles.

ここで、光散乱粒子２１の理論的な基礎を与えるＭｉｅ散乱理論について説明する。Ｍｉｅ散乱理論は、一様な屈折率を有する媒体（マトリックス）中に該媒体と異なる屈折率を有する球形粒子（散乱微粒子）が存在するケースについてマックスウェルの電磁方程式の解を求めたものである。光散乱粒子２１に相当する散乱微粒子によって散乱した散乱光の角度に依存した強度分布Ｉ（Α、Θ）は下記（１）式で表される。Αは、散乱微粒子の光学的大きさを示すサイズパラメータであり、マトリックス中での光の波長λで規格化された球形粒子（散乱微粒子）の半径ｒに相当する量である。角度Θは散乱角で、入射光の進行方向と同一方向をΘ＝１８０°にとる。   Here, the Mie scattering theory that gives the theoretical basis of the light scattering particles 21 will be described. Mie scattering theory is the solution of Maxwell's electromagnetic equation for the case where spherical particles (scattering fine particles) having a refractive index different from that of the medium exist in a medium (matrix) having a uniform refractive index. . The intensity distribution I (Α, Θ) depending on the angle of scattered light scattered by the scattering fine particles corresponding to the light scattering particles 21 is expressed by the following equation (1). Α is a size parameter indicating the optical size of the scattering fine particles, and is an amount corresponding to the radius r of the spherical particles (scattering fine particles) normalized by the wavelength λ of light in the matrix. The angle Θ is a scattering angle, and the same direction as the traveling direction of incident light is Θ = 180 °.

また、（１）式中のｉ１、ｉ２は（４）式で表される。そして、（２）〜（４）式中の下添字ν付のａおよびｂは（５）式で表される。上添字１および下添字νを付したＰ（ｃｏｓΘ）は、Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅの多項式、下添字ν付のａ、ｂは１次、２次のＲｅｃａｔｔｉ−Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ関数Ψ＊、ζ＊（ただし、「＊」は下添字νを意味する。）とその導関数とからなる。ｍはマトリックスを基準にした散乱微粒子の相対屈折率で、ｍ＝ｎｓｃａｔｔｅｒ／ｎｍａｔｒｉｘである。 Further, i 1 and i 2 in the formula (1) are represented by the formula (4). And a and b with subscript ν in the expressions (2) to (4) are expressed by the expression (5). P (cos Θ) with superscript 1 and subscript ν is Legendre's polynomial, a and b with subscript ν are first- and second-order Recati-Bessel functions Ψ * and ζ * (where “*” Means the subscript ν) and its derivative. m is the relative refractive index of the scattering fine particles based on the matrix, and m = nscatter / nmattrix.

Figure 2010153328
Figure 2010153328

図６は、上記（１）〜（５）式に基づいて、単一真球粒子による強度分布Ｉ（Α、Θ）を示すグラフである。この図６では、原点Ｇの位置に散乱微粒子としての真球粒子があり、下方から入射光が入射した場合の散乱光強度の角度分布Ｉ（Α、Θ）を示している。そして、原点Ｇから各曲線Ｓ１〜Ｓ３までの距離が、それぞれの散乱角方向の散乱光強度である。曲線Ｓ１はΑが１．７であるときの散乱光強度、曲線Ｓ２はΑが１１．５であるときの散乱光強度、曲線Ｓ３はΑが６９．２であるときの散乱光強度を示している。なお、図６においては、散乱光強度を対数目盛で示している。このため、図６では僅かな強度差として見える部分が、実際には非常に大きな差となる。   FIG. 6 is a graph showing the intensity distribution I (Α, Θ) by a single true spherical particle based on the above equations (1) to (5). FIG. 6 shows an angular distribution I (Α, Θ) of scattered light intensity when there is a true spherical particle as a scattering fine particle at the position of the origin G and incident light is incident from below. And the distance from the origin G to each curve S1-S3 is the scattered light intensity | strength of each scattering angle direction. Curve S1 shows the scattered light intensity when Α is 1.7, curve S2 shows the scattered light intensity when Α is 11.5, and curve S3 shows the scattered light intensity when Α is 69.2. Yes. In FIG. 6, the scattered light intensity is shown on a logarithmic scale. For this reason, the portion that appears as a slight difference in intensity in FIG. 6 is actually a very large difference.

この図６に示すように、サイズパラメータΑが大きくなればなるほど（ある波長λで考えた場合は真球粒子の粒径が大きくなればなるほど）、上方（照射方向の前方）に対して指向性高く光が散乱されていることがわかる。また、実際のところ、散乱光強度の角度分布Ｉ（Α、Θ）は、入射光波長λを固定すれば、散乱子の半径ｒと、媒体および散乱微粒子の相対屈折率ｍとをパラメータとして制御することができる。   As shown in FIG. 6, the larger the size parameter Α is (the larger the particle size of the true spherical particle is when considered at a certain wavelength λ), the higher the directivity with respect to the upper side (front of the irradiation direction). It can be seen that light is highly scattered. Actually, the angle distribution I (Α, Θ) of the scattered light intensity is controlled by using the radius r of the scatterer and the relative refractive index m of the medium and the scattered fine particles as parameters if the incident light wavelength λ is fixed. can do.

このような、単一真球粒子がＮ個含まれる光散乱導光体に光を入射させると、光は真球粒子により散乱される。散乱光は光散乱導光体中を進み、他の真球粒子により再度散乱される。ある程度以上の体積濃度で粒子を添加した場合には、このような散乱が逐次的に複数回行われた後、光が光散乱導光体から出射する。このような散乱光がさらに散乱されるような現象を多重散乱現象と呼ぶ。このような多重散乱においては、透明ポリマーでの光線追跡法による解析は容易ではない。しかし、モンテカルロ法により光の挙動を追跡し、その特性を解析することはできる。それによると、入射光が無偏光の場合、散乱角の累積分布関数Ｆ（Θ）は下記の（６）式で表される。   When light is incident on such a light scattering light guide containing N single spherical particles, the light is scattered by the spherical particles. Scattered light travels through the light scattering light guide and is again scattered by other spherical particles. When particles are added at a volume concentration of a certain level or more, such scattering is sequentially performed a plurality of times, and then light is emitted from the light scattering light guide. A phenomenon in which such scattered light is further scattered is called a multiple scattering phenomenon. In such multiple scattering, analysis by a ray tracing method with a transparent polymer is not easy. However, the behavior of light can be traced by the Monte Carlo method and its characteristics can be analyzed. According to this, when the incident light is non-polarized light, the cumulative distribution function F (Θ) of the scattering angle is expressed by the following equation (6).

Figure 2010153328
Figure 2010153328

ここで（６）式中のＩ（Θ）は、（１）式で表されるサイズパラメータΑの真球粒子の散乱強度である。強度Ｉｏの光が光散乱導光体に入射し、距離ｙを透過した後、光の強度が散乱によりＩに減衰したとすると、これらの関係は下記の（７）式で表される。   Here, I (Θ) in the equation (6) is the scattering intensity of the true spherical particle having the size parameter 表 represented by the equation (1). Assuming that light having an intensity Io is incident on the light-scattering light guide and transmitted through the distance y, the intensity of the light is attenuated to I due to scattering, and these relationships are expressed by the following equation (7).

Figure 2010153328
Figure 2010153328

この（７）式中のτは濁度と呼ばれ（上述の散乱パラメータと同義）、媒体の散乱係数に相当するものであり、下記の（８）式のように粒子数Ｎに比例する。なお、（８）式中、σｓは散乱断面積である。 In this equation (7), τ is called turbidity (synonymous with the above-mentioned scattering parameter), corresponds to the scattering coefficient of the medium, and is proportional to the number N of particles as in the following equation (8). In the equation (8), σ s is a scattering cross section.

Figure 2010153328
Figure 2010153328

（７）式から長さＬの光散乱導光体を散乱せずに透過する確率Ｐｔ（Ｌ）は下記の（９）式で表される。 From the equation (7), the probability P t (L) of transmitting through the light-scattering light guide of length L without scattering is expressed by the following equation (9).

Figure 2010153328
Figure 2010153328

反対に光路長Ｌまでに散乱される確率Ｐｓ（Ｌ）は下記の（１０）式で表される。

Figure 2010153328
On the other hand, the probability P s (L) that is scattered up to the optical path length L is expressed by the following equation (10).
Figure 2010153328

これらの式からわかるように、濁度τを変えることにより、光散乱導光体内での多重散乱の度合いを制御することができる。   As can be seen from these equations, the degree of multiple scattering in the light scattering light guide can be controlled by changing the turbidity τ.

以上の関係式により、散乱微粒子のサイズパラメータΑと濁度τとの少なくとも１つをパラメータとして、光散乱導光体内での多重散乱を制御可能であり、出射面における出射光強度と散乱角も適正に設定可能である。   By the above relational expression, it is possible to control multiple scattering in the light scattering light guide using at least one of the size parameter Α and turbidity τ of the scattering fine particles as a parameter, and the outgoing light intensity and scattering angle on the outgoing surface can also be controlled. It can be set appropriately.

図７は、図４の断面図における透光部材１の第２の導光部３の部分を主に示す拡大概要図である。第２の導光部３はその下面に、中心点１３を中心とする同心円上に断面鋸歯状のプリズム部２２を備えている。このプリズム部２２は、この実施の形態では合計２２５個の鋸歯２３が形成されている。なお、図７では簡易化のため合計２５個のみの鋸歯２３が示されている。プリズム部２２は、第２の導光部３の下面側へと導光された光を上面側へと方向転換する。中心点１３から近い側の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、中心点１３から遠い側の鋸歯２３の突起角度θよりも小さくなっている。   FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view mainly showing a portion of the second light guide portion 3 of the translucent member 1 in the cross-sectional view of FIG. The second light guide section 3 includes a prism section 22 having a sawtooth cross section on a concentric circle centered on the center point 13 on the lower surface thereof. The prism portion 22 is formed with a total of 225 saw teeth 23 in this embodiment. In FIG. 7, only 25 saw teeth 23 in total are shown for simplification. The prism unit 22 changes the direction of the light guided to the lower surface side of the second light guide unit 3 to the upper surface side. The projection angle θ of the saw tooth 23 closer to the center point 13 is smaller than the projection angle θ of the saw tooth 23 far from the center point 13.

鋸歯２３の突起角度θを具体的に説明する。中心点１３から最も近い側の５ｍｍの幅に存在する２５個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、５０°である。次に中心点１３から近い側の５ｍｍの幅に存在する２５個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、５５°である。次に中心点１３から近い側の５ｍｍの幅に存在する２５個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、６０°である。次に中心点１３から近い側の５ｍｍの幅に存在する２５個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、６５°である。次に中心点１３から近い側の１０ｍｍの幅に存在する５０個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、７０°である。中心点１３から最も遠い側の１５ｍｍの幅に存在する７５個の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、７５°である。   The projection angle θ of the sawtooth 23 will be specifically described. The projection angle θ of the 25 saw teeth 23 present in the width of 5 mm closest to the center point 13 is 50 °. Next, the projection angle θ of the 25 saw teeth 23 having a width of 5 mm on the side closer to the center point 13 is 55 °. Next, the projection angle θ of the 25 saw teeth 23 existing in a width of 5 mm on the side closer to the center point 13 is 60 °. Next, the projection angle θ of the 25 saw teeth 23 existing in a width of 5 mm on the side closer to the center point 13 is 65 °. Next, the projection angle θ of the 50 saw teeth 23 present in a width of 10 mm on the side closer to the center point 13 is 70 °. The projection angle θ of the 75 saw teeth 23 present in the width of 15 mm farthest from the center point 13 is 75 °.

このようにプリズム部２２を５つのグループの鋸歯２３に分けて、そのグループ毎に中心点１３から端部１５に向かうに従って徐々に突起角度θと入射角δを大きくしている。すなわち、プリズム部２２は、第２の導光部３に導光され第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光が入射側（中心部１３側）の鋸歯２３の反射面２４に入射する入射角δよりもそこから離れた離隔位置（端部１５側）の鋸歯２３の反射面２４に入射する入射角δが大きくされている。また、プリズム部２２は、第２の導光部３に導光される光の入射側の鋸歯２３の突起角度θよりもそこから離れた離隔位置の鋸歯２３の突起角度θが大きくされている。なお、各個別の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、外周に行くほど徐々に大きくしてもよい。なお、隣接する鋸歯２３の配置間隔Ｈは０．２ｍｍである。また、鋸歯２３は、中心点１３を対称点とした点対称配置となっている。   Thus, the prism portion 22 is divided into five groups of saw teeth 23, and the projection angle θ and the incident angle δ are gradually increased from the center point 13 toward the end portion 15 for each group. That is, the prism unit 22 is guided to the second light guide unit 3 and parallel light parallel to the upper surface of the second light guide unit 3 is incident on the reflection surface 24 of the sawtooth 23 on the incident side (center portion 13 side). The incident angle δ that is incident on the reflecting surface 24 of the saw tooth 23 at a distance (the end 15 side) away from the incident angle δ is larger. Further, in the prism portion 22, the projection angle θ of the sawtooth 23 at a remote position is larger than the projection angle θ of the sawtooth 23 on the incident side of the light guided to the second light guide portion 3. . Note that the projection angle θ of each individual saw tooth 23 may be gradually increased toward the outer periphery. In addition, the arrangement | positioning space | interval H of the adjacent sawtooth 23 is 0.2 mm. Further, the sawtooth 23 has a point-symmetric arrangement with the center point 13 as a symmetry point.

また、図７において、鋸歯２３の突起頂部を径方向に結ぶ線Ｌと第２の導光部３上面とがなす交差角βは６．５°とされている。各鋸歯２３の中心点１３側の面と線Ｌとの角度γは、９０°とされているが、角度γを９０°より大きい角度としてもよい。そうすることによって、透光部材１を金型で成形する際に透光部材１を金型から取り外し易くなる。なお、中心点１３から最も遠い側の鋸歯２３に隣接した端部１５側の下面には、反射部１６が設置されている。この反射部１６の面と第２の導光部３の上面とがなす角θ１は、３０°とされている。   In FIG. 7, the crossing angle β formed by the line L connecting the projection tops of the sawtooth 23 in the radial direction and the upper surface of the second light guide 3 is 6.5 °. The angle γ between the surface on the center point 13 side of each saw tooth 23 and the line L is 90 °, but the angle γ may be larger than 90 °. By doing so, it becomes easy to remove the translucent member 1 from the mold when the translucent member 1 is molded with a mold. A reflecting portion 16 is installed on the lower surface on the end 15 side adjacent to the sawtooth 23 farthest from the center point 13. An angle θ1 formed by the surface of the reflecting portion 16 and the upper surface of the second light guide portion 3 is 30 °.

（発光装置の構成）
図８は、図４に示す透光部材１に、発光部材であるチップ形のＬＥＤ３０を装着し本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置４０の構成を示す図である。透光部材１の入射部１１とＬＥＤ保持部１７で囲まれた部分にはＬＥＤ３０が配置されている。ＬＥＤ３０の下端部３１は円盤状の形状をしており、その外周面３２がＬＥＤ保持部１７の内周面１７ａと対向している。下端部３１の外周面３２とＬＥＤ保持部１７の内周面１７ａとは、図示を省略する固定部材によって固定されている。その固定によって、ＬＥＤ３０がＬＥＤ保持部１７に固定されている。なお、ＬＥＤ３０は、その中心３３が中心点１３および凹部１８の頂点と対向するように配置される。 (Configuration of light emitting device)
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which a chip-shaped LED 30 that is a light emitting member is attached to the translucent member 1 shown in FIG. The LED 30 is disposed in a portion surrounded by the incident portion 11 and the LED holding portion 17 of the translucent member 1. The lower end portion 31 of the LED 30 has a disc shape, and the outer peripheral surface 32 thereof faces the inner peripheral surface 17 a of the LED holding portion 17. The outer peripheral surface 32 of the lower end 31 and the inner peripheral surface 17a of the LED holding unit 17 are fixed by a fixing member (not shown). The LED 30 is fixed to the LED holding part 17 by the fixing. The LED 30 is arranged such that its center 33 faces the center point 13 and the apex of the recess 18.

（反射面１２における光の反射の状況）
図１０には、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から発せられた光が入射部１１に入射し透光部材１内に入り、反射面１２およびＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂで反射して第２の導光部３へと導光される経路（光路Ｌ１〜Ｌ６）を破線で示している。 (Status of light reflection on the reflecting surface 12)
In FIG. 10, light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 is incident on the incident portion 11 and enters the translucent member 1, and is reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and the outer peripheral surface 17 b of the LED holding portion 17. The paths (optical paths L1 to L6) guided to the unit 3 are indicated by broken lines.

ここで、光路Ｌ１は、光源となるＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から出射した光がＬＥＤ保持部材１７の内周面１７ａを通過し、外周面１７ｂで全反射し、その後反射面１２で全反射して第２の導光部３へと導光される光路である。また、光路Ｌ２は、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から出射した光が内周面１７ａを通過し、その後第２の導光部３へと導光される光路である。また、光路Ｌ３およびＬ４は、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から出射した光が平面部１９を通過し、その後、反射面１２で全反射して第２の導光部３へと導光される光路である。また、光路Ｌ５は、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から出射した光が凹部１８の周面を通過し、その後反射面１２で全反射して第２の導光部３へと導光される光路である。また、光路Ｌ６は、ＬＥＤ３０の中心から出射した光が凹部１８の頂点を通過し、その後、中心点１３を通過して透光部材１の上側へと出射される光路である。   Here, in the optical path L1, the light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 serving as the light source passes through the inner peripheral surface 17a of the LED holding member 17, is totally reflected by the outer peripheral surface 17b, and then totally reflected by the reflecting surface 12. 2 is an optical path guided to two light guides 3. The optical path L2 is an optical path through which light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 passes through the inner peripheral surface 17a and is then guided to the second light guide unit 3. The optical paths L3 and L4 are optical paths in which light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 passes through the flat part 19 and is then totally reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and guided to the second light guide part 3. . The light path L5 is an optical path in which light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 passes through the peripheral surface of the recess 18 and is then totally reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and guided to the second light guide 3. The light path L6 is an optical path in which light emitted from the center of the LED 30 passes through the apex of the recess 18 and then passes through the center point 13 and is emitted to the upper side of the translucent member 1.

ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から発せられた光が、入射部１１のうち平面部１９および内周面１７ａから第１の導光部２へ入るとき、光は中心点１３側へ若干屈折し、その後、反射面１２に到達する（光路Ｌ３，Ｌ４）。また、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から発せられた光が、入射部１１のうち平面部１９および凹部１８の側面から第１の導光部２へ入るとき、光は中心点１３から離れる側へ若干屈折し（光路Ｌ１，Ｌ２，Ｌ５）、その後、ＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂまたは反射面１２に到達する。   When light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 enters the first light guide portion 2 from the flat surface portion 19 and the inner peripheral surface 17a of the incident portion 11, the light is slightly refracted toward the center point 13 and then reflected. It reaches the surface 12 (optical paths L3, L4). Further, when the light emitted from the center 33 of the LED 30 enters the first light guide unit 2 from the side surface of the plane part 19 and the recess 18 in the incident part 11, the light is slightly refracted to the side away from the center point 13. (Optical paths L1, L2, L5), and then reaches the outer peripheral surface 17b or the reflecting surface 12 of the LED holding unit 17.

反射面１２およびＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂでは、透光部材１の材質であるＰＭＭＡと空気との境界面が形成されている。光の屈折率の高い媒質（ＰＭＭＡ）から低い媒質（空気）へと向かう光は、その境界面（反射面１２およびＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂ）に対しての入射角θ２が全反射臨界角（４１．８４°）以上の角度で反射面１２に照射されると、その境界面を透過せず全反射する。ここで、入射角θ２は、反射面１２に入射光が突き当たる点における法線と入射光がなす角となる。反射面１２およびＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂは、この全反射をする条件を満たすように形成されている。このため、ＬＥＤ３０からの光の殆どは反射面１２およびＬＥＤ保持部１７の外周面１７ｂで全反射し、第２の導光部３へと導光される。   On the reflection surface 12 and the outer peripheral surface 17b of the LED holding portion 17, a boundary surface between PMMA, which is a material of the translucent member 1, and air is formed. Light traveling from a medium (PMMA) having a high refractive index of light to a medium (air) having a low refractive index has an incident angle θ2 with respect to the boundary surface (the reflecting surface 12 and the outer peripheral surface 17b of the LED holding unit 17). When the reflecting surface 12 is irradiated at an angle equal to or greater than the angle (41.84 °), the reflecting surface 12 is totally transmitted without passing through the boundary surface. Here, the incident angle θ <b> 2 is an angle formed by the normal line and the incident light at the point where the incident light strikes the reflecting surface 12. The reflecting surface 12 and the outer peripheral surface 17b of the LED holding portion 17 are formed so as to satisfy the condition for performing this total reflection. For this reason, most of the light from the LED 30 is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and the outer peripheral surface 17 b of the LED holding unit 17, and is guided to the second light guide unit 3.

なお、図９に示す反射面１２の曲線が第２の導光部３の上面である平面とつながる部分に照射される光路Ｌ３の入射角と反射角の合計であるθｔは、「θｔ＝９０°＋θｃ」である（ここで、θｃは全反射臨界角で、４１．８４°となる）。図９に示す反射面１２の曲線Ｆ（ｘ）は非球面の一種となる放物線曲線であり、その微分Ｆ’（ｘ）は、「ｔａｎ（９０−θｔ
／ ２）」である。 Note that θt, which is the sum of the incident angle and the reflection angle of the optical path L3 applied to the portion where the curve of the reflecting surface 12 shown in FIG. 9 is connected to the plane that is the upper surface of the second light guide 3, is “θt = 90 (° + θc ”where θc is the total reflection critical angle and is 41.84 °). The curve F (x) of the reflecting surface 12 shown in FIG. 9 is a parabolic curve that is a kind of aspheric surface, and its differential F ′ (x) is “tan (90−θt).
/ 2) ".

なお、図１０に示す凹部１８の頂点から反射面１２の断面曲線の中心点１３に至る光路Ｌ６は、光源となるＬＥＤ３０から真っ直ぐ上に行く光が、そのまま透過して真っ直ぐ上に突き抜ける。この理由は、凹部１８の頂点および中心点１３が共に僅かに丸みを帯びた形状をしており、その形状部分ではＬＥＤ３０から真っ直ぐ上に行く光の入射角が臨界角未満となり、その光を全反射しないためである。   In the optical path L6 from the apex of the recess 18 shown in FIG. 10 to the center point 13 of the cross-sectional curve of the reflecting surface 12, the light that goes straight up from the LED 30 that is the light source is transmitted as it is and penetrates straight up. The reason for this is that both the apex and the center point 13 of the concave portion 18 have a slightly rounded shape, and the incident angle of light that goes straight up from the LED 30 becomes less than the critical angle in the shape portion, and the light is totally absorbed. This is because it does not reflect.

また、この丸みのため、図１１に示すようにＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から中心点１３側に入射していく光のうち、反射面１２を突き抜ける光は、光路Ｌ６の光に加え、その周りの光も反射面１２を突き抜けていく。すなわち、ＬＥＤ３０に対して角度α１の範囲の光が突き抜けていく。この突き抜ける光量は、図１２に示す場合に比べ大きく減少している。すなわち、凹部１８が無く平面部１９のみである場合、図１２のように、突き抜ける光の範囲は、角度α１より大きい角度β１となる。なお、反射面１２の頂点が丸みを帯びる図４に示すように鋭角となっている場合、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３から真上に向かう光は、凹部１８が有るときと無いときのいずれの場合も反射面１２を通過する。この光路は、光路Ｌ６と同じである。   Further, due to this roundness, as shown in FIG. 11, among the light incident on the center point 13 side from the center 33 of the LED 30, the light penetrating the reflecting surface 12 is added to the light of the optical path L6 and the surrounding light. Also penetrates the reflective surface 12. That is, light in the range of the angle α1 penetrates the LED 30. The amount of light that penetrates is greatly reduced compared to the case shown in FIG. That is, when there is no concave portion 18 and only the flat portion 19, the range of light that penetrates is an angle β1 that is larger than the angle α1 as shown in FIG. In addition, when the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 is rounded as shown in FIG. 4, the light directed directly from the center 33 of the LED 30 is reflected both when the concave portion 18 is present and when it is not present. Pass through surface 12. This optical path is the same as the optical path L6.

また、ＬＥＤ３０は有限の幅を持った面光源であるため、ＬＥＤ３０の中心３３ではなく周辺部から発せられる光も存在する。その光のうち凹部１８の周面に入射される光は、中心点１３から離れる側へ若干屈折し、反射面１２へと臨界角θｃ以上の入射角θ２の角度で入射し、反射面１２で全反射する。そのような光の光路Ｌ７，Ｌ８，Ｌ９を図１３に示す。   In addition, since the LED 30 is a surface light source having a finite width, there is light emitted from the peripheral portion instead of the center 33 of the LED 30. Of the light, the light incident on the peripheral surface of the recess 18 is slightly refracted toward the side away from the center point 13, enters the reflective surface 12 at an angle of incidence θ 2 greater than the critical angle θc, and is reflected by the reflective surface 12. Total reflection. Such optical paths L7, L8, and L9 are shown in FIG.

図１３に示す光路Ｌ７，Ｌ８，Ｌ９の光は、反射面１２を通過することはない。しかし、図１４に示すようにある一定の範囲、すなわち、角度α２の範囲の光は、反射面１２を突き抜けていく。この突き抜けていく光量は、図１５に示す場合に比べ大きく減少している。すなわち、凹部１８が無く平面部１９のみである場合、図１５のように突き抜ける光の範囲は、図１４の角度α２より大きな角度である角度β２となる。   The light of the optical paths L7, L8, and L9 shown in FIG. 13 does not pass through the reflecting surface 12. However, as shown in FIG. 14, light in a certain range, that is, in the range of the angle α <b> 2 penetrates the reflecting surface 12. The amount of light that penetrates is greatly reduced compared to the case shown in FIG. That is, when there is no concave portion 18 and only the flat portion 19, the range of light penetrating as shown in FIG. 15 is an angle β2, which is an angle larger than the angle α2 of FIG.

なお、図１６に示すように、反射面１２の頂点が丸みを帯びず、図４に示すように鋭角となっている場合、ＬＥＤ３０の周辺部から発せられる光は、中心点１３を通る光以外は反射面１２で反射される。しかし、図１７に示すように、凹部１８が無い場合は図１４に示す角度β２より狭い範囲であるが一定の範囲となる角度β３の範囲の光が反射面１２を突き抜けていく。   As shown in FIG. 16, when the apex of the reflecting surface 12 is not rounded and has an acute angle as shown in FIG. 4, the light emitted from the periphery of the LED 30 is other than the light passing through the center point 13. Is reflected by the reflecting surface 12. However, as shown in FIG. 17, when there is no concave portion 18, light in a range of an angle β3 that is a range narrower than the angle β2 shown in FIG.

以上をまとめると次のことが言える。反射面１２の頂点が鋭角でかつ凹部１８が無く平面部１９のみであるときの反射面１２を突き抜けるＬＥＤ３０の光量をＡ１、反射面１２の頂点が鋭角でかつ凹部１８が存在しかつ頂点が鋭角であるときの反射面１２を突き抜けるＬＥＤ３０の光量をＢ、反射面１２の頂点が丸みを帯びかつ凹部１８が存在しかつ頂点が鋭角であるときの反射面１２を突き抜けるＬＥＤ３０の光量をＣとすると、「Ｂ＜Ｃ１＜Ａ１＝Ｃ２＜Ｃ３」となる。ここで、Ｃ１，Ｃ２，Ｃ３は、反射面１２の頂点の丸みの程度によって変わるもので、Ｃ１が最も丸みが無く、Ｃ３が最も丸みが強いものである。   In summary, the following can be said. When the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 is an acute angle and there is no concave portion 18 and only the flat portion 19, the light quantity of the LED 30 that penetrates the reflective surface 12 is A1, the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 is an acute angle, the concave portion 18 exists, and the vertex is an acute angle The light quantity of the LED 30 penetrating through the reflecting surface 12 is B, and the light quantity of the LED 30 penetrating the reflecting surface 12 when the apex of the reflecting surface 12 is rounded and the recess 18 is present and the apex is acute is C. , “B <C1 <A1 = C2 <C3”. Here, C1, C2, and C3 vary depending on the degree of roundness of the apex of the reflecting surface 12, and C1 has the least roundness and C3 has the strongest roundness.

さらに、反射面１２の頂点が丸みを帯び凹部１８が無く平面部１９のみであるときの反射面１２を突き抜けるＬＥＤ３０の光量をＡ２とすると、「Ｂ＜Ｃ１＜Ａ１＝Ｃ２＜Ｃ３＜Ａ２」となる。ただし、ＬＥＤ３０の配置条件は同一であり、かつ反射面１２の頂点の丸み度がＣ３とＣ２は同一とする。   Furthermore, if the light quantity of the LED 30 that penetrates the reflection surface 12 when the vertex of the reflection surface 12 is rounded and there is no concave portion 18 and only the flat portion 19 is A2, “B <C1 <A1 = C2 <C3 <A2”. Become. However, the arrangement conditions of the LEDs 30 are the same, and the roundness of the vertices of the reflection surface 12 is C3 and C2.

また、反射面１２の頂点が鋭角で、凹部１８が存在し、その頂点が丸みを帯びている場合の反射面１２を突き抜ける光量をＤとすると、「Ｂ＜Ｄ１＜Ａ１＝Ｄ２＜Ｄ３＜Ａ２」となる。このときのＤ１，Ｄ２，Ｄ３は凹部１８の頂点の丸みの程度によるもので、Ｄ１が最も丸みが少なく、Ｄ３が最も丸みが大きいものである。なお、光量「Ｃ」と光量「Ｄ」を比較すると、ＬＥＤ３０の配置条件を同じにすると、Ｃ＝Ｄ,Ｃ＞Ｄ，Ｃ＜Ｄのいずれともなり得る。それは、各丸みの程度や透光部材１の屈折率の程度による。   Further, when the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 has an acute angle, the concave portion 18 is present, and the vertex is rounded, and the amount of light penetrating the reflecting surface 12 is D, “B <D1 <A1 = D2 <D3 <A2 " D1, D2, and D3 at this time depend on the degree of roundness of the apex of the recess 18, and D1 has the least roundness and D3 has the largest roundness. When the light quantity “C” and the light quantity “D” are compared, if the arrangement conditions of the LEDs 30 are the same, it can be any of C = D, C> D, and C <D. This depends on the degree of each roundness and the degree of refractive index of the translucent member 1.

さらに、反射面１２の頂点が丸みを帯び、凹部１８が存在しその頂点が丸みを帯びているものの反射面１２を突き抜ける光量をＥとすると、やはり「Ｂ＜Ｅ１＜Ａ１＝Ｅ２＜Ｅ３＜Ａ２」となる。このときのＥ１，Ｅ２，Ｅ３は、反射面１２の頂点の丸みと凹部１８の頂点の丸みの両者合計丸み度が変わることによって変化するものである。また、反射面１２の頂点の丸み度がＥ３とＡ２で同一とする。なお、反射面１２の頂点の丸み度が光量Ｃと光量Ｅのもので同じとすると、「光量Ｃ＜光量Ｅ」となる。一方、凹部１８の頂点の丸みの度合いが光量Ｄと光量Ｅのもので同じとすると、「光量Ｄ＜光量Ｅ」となる。   Furthermore, if the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 is rounded and the concave portion 18 exists and the vertex is rounded, but the amount of light passing through the reflecting surface 12 is E, then “B <E1 <A1 = E2 <E3 <A2”. " E1, E2, and E3 at this time change as the total roundness of both the roundness of the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 and the roundness of the vertex of the concave portion 18 changes. Further, the roundness of the vertex of the reflection surface 12 is the same for E3 and A2. If the roundness of the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 is the same for the light quantity C and the light quantity E, “light quantity C <light quantity E”. On the other hand, if the degree of roundness at the top of the concave portion 18 is the same for the light amount D and the light amount E, “light amount D <light amount E”.

以上のように、凹部１８を配置したものは、平面部１９のみのものに比べ反射面１２を突き抜ける光量を減少させることができる。また、丸み度を調整することで突き抜け量を平面部１９のみのものと同じような値としたり（Ａ１＝Ｃ２，Ａ１＝Ｄ２，Ａ１＝Ｅ２）、ときには超える値としたり（Ａ１＜Ｃ３，Ａ１＜Ｄ３，Ａ１＜Ｅ３）することができる。   As described above, the arrangement of the recesses 18 can reduce the amount of light penetrating the reflection surface 12 as compared with the arrangement of only the flat portion 19. Further, by adjusting the roundness, the penetration amount is set to a value similar to that of only the flat portion 19 (A1 = C2, A1 = D2, A1 = E2) or sometimes exceeded (A1 <C3, A1). <D3, A1 <E3).

また、透光部材１には、光散乱粒子２１が含有されている。そのため、ＬＥＤ３０から第１の導光部２へ入射した光が反射面１２まで到達するまでの過程、および反射面１２から第２の導光部３へと導光される過程で光が散乱する。しかし、光散乱粒子２１は、透光部材１内の光の大部分を減衰させることなく多重散乱させるものである。そのため、入射光の一部は第１の導光部２の反射面１２を通過し上面側に出射する。しかし、光散乱粒子２１の大きさを上述したＭｉｅ散乱理論に基づいて入射光の進行方向へ光が散乱する割合を大きくするものとしているため、光の多くは光散乱粒子２１が無い場合の経路と略同じとなる。すなわち、入射部１１に入射した光の多くは第１の導光部２から図１０に示す矢示付き破線に沿って第２の導光部３へと光が進行していく。   Further, the light transmissive member 1 contains light scattering particles 21. Therefore, light is scattered in the process until the light incident on the first light guide unit 2 from the LED 30 reaches the reflection surface 12 and in the process of being guided from the reflection surface 12 to the second light guide unit 3. . However, the light-scattering particles 21 cause multiple scattering without attenuating most of the light in the translucent member 1. Therefore, a part of the incident light passes through the reflecting surface 12 of the first light guide unit 2 and is emitted to the upper surface side. However, the size of the light scattering particles 21 is increased based on the above-described Mie scattering theory, so that the ratio of light scattering in the traveling direction of the incident light is increased. Is almost the same. That is, most of the light incident on the incident portion 11 travels from the first light guide portion 2 to the second light guide portion 3 along the broken line with arrows shown in FIG.

ここで、光散乱粒子２１は、上述したようにＬＥＤ３０から照射された光の一部を反射面１２を通過させ外部に出射する光を発生させる。すなわち、ＬＥＤ３０から照射された光の一部は、反射面１２の頂点の丸みやＬＥＤ３０の周辺光からの光による反射面１２の突き抜け光に加え、この光散乱粒子２１によっても第１の導光部２から上面側に出射する。   Here, as described above, the light scattering particle 21 generates a part of the light emitted from the LED 30 through the reflecting surface 12 and emitted to the outside. That is, a part of the light emitted from the LED 30 is reflected by the light scattering particles 21 in addition to the rounding of the vertex of the reflecting surface 12 and the light penetrating the reflecting surface 12 by the light from the ambient light of the LED 30. The light is emitted from the portion 2 to the upper surface side.

（第２の導光部３における光の屈折および反射の状況）
上述のように反射面１２を突き抜けず、反射面１２等によって反射された光は第２の導光部３へと導かれる。第２の導光部３へと導光された光は、プリズム部２２及び反射部１６によって、第２の導光部３の上面側へと方向転換される。プリズム部２２の鋸歯２３の頂点を結ぶ直線Ｌ（図７参照）は、第２の導光部３へと導光された光の光路と交差角βを有するように形成されている。そのため、導光された光が光路Ｌ３，Ｌ４，Ｌ５のように第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光として第２の導光部３へと導光された場合、プリズム部２２に照射されることとなる。また、光路Ｌ２のように斜め上に向かう光路であっても、第２の導光部３の上面で全反射されるため、反射後、プリズム部２２にその光が照射される。 (Refraction and reflection of light in the second light guide 3)
As described above, the light reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and the like without penetrating the reflecting surface 12 is guided to the second light guide 3. The light guided to the second light guide unit 3 is redirected to the upper surface side of the second light guide unit 3 by the prism unit 22 and the reflection unit 16. A straight line L (see FIG. 7) connecting the vertices of the sawtooth 23 of the prism part 22 is formed so as to have an optical path of the light guided to the second light guide part 3 and an intersection angle β. Therefore, when the guided light is guided to the second light guide unit 3 as parallel light parallel to the upper surface of the second light guide unit 3 as in the optical paths L3, L4, and L5, the prism unit 22 is used. Will be irradiated. Further, even if the light path is obliquely upward as in the optical path L2, it is totally reflected on the upper surface of the second light guide section 3, so that the light is irradiated to the prism section 22 after reflection.

なお、ＬＥＤ３０は指向性の強い光源であるため、上側へ向けて出射した光の殆どが光路Ｌ３，Ｌ４，Ｌ５，Ｌ６をとる。ここで光路Ｌ６をとる光は、きわめて少ない光量である。また図１０、図１３のように反射面１２が丸みを帯びていること、反射面１２を突き抜ける光量を凹部１８を設けることで大幅に減少させている。このため、反射面１２を突き抜ける光は光散乱粒子２１の影響によるものがほとんどとなる。一方、光散乱粒子２１によって散乱されない多くの光は反射面１２によって平行光とされる。よって、第２の導光部３へと導光される光の多くは第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光である。その平行光がプリズム部２２へと照射される。なお、光路Ｌ６をとる光は、上述したように、凹部１８の頂点および中心点１３を通る非常に狭い領域を通る光に限定される。また、凹部１８の頂点の周囲の光路を通る光は、光路Ｌ５のように凹部１８によって中心点１３から離れる側に屈折するため、反射面１２で全反射されて第２の導光部３へと導光される。すなわち、図１０、図１３、図１５に示すようにＬＥＤ３０の光のうち、光散乱粒子２１で散乱されるものを除き、反射面１２を突き抜ける光の光量は少ない。   In addition, since LED30 is a light source with strong directivity, most of the light emitted toward the upper side takes the optical paths L3, L4, L5, and L6. Here, the light taking the optical path L6 is a very small amount of light. Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 13, the reflecting surface 12 is rounded, and the amount of light penetrating the reflecting surface 12 is greatly reduced by providing the concave portion 18. For this reason, most of the light penetrating the reflecting surface 12 is due to the influence of the light scattering particles 21. On the other hand, much light that is not scattered by the light scattering particles 21 is converted into parallel light by the reflecting surface 12. Therefore, most of the light guided to the second light guide 3 is parallel light parallel to the upper surface of the second light guide 3. The parallel light is irradiated onto the prism portion 22. In addition, the light which takes the optical path L6 is limited to the light which passes through the very narrow area | region which passes along the vertex of the recessed part 18, and the center point 13, as mentioned above. Further, since the light passing through the optical path around the apex of the recess 18 is refracted to the side away from the center point 13 by the recess 18 as in the optical path L5, the light is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 12 and directed to the second light guide 3. Is guided. That is, as shown in FIGS. 10, 13, and 15, the amount of light penetrating through the reflecting surface 12 is small except for the light of the LED 30 that is scattered by the light scattering particles 21.

プリズム部２２に照射された光は、第２の導光部３の上面側へと方向転換される。その方向転換の方向は、突起角度θが透光部材１の外周側ほど大きくなっているため、透光部材１の外周側ほど出射角θ３が小さくなる。すなわち、透光部材１を光源として見た場合、光源が指向性を持たず、広角範囲を照らす光源となる（図７参照）。第２の導光部３を進行する光は、第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光でないものもあるし、光散乱粒子２１で一部が散乱されるため、プリズム部２２に照射された光の一部は、最初に衝突する鋸歯２３を透過してしまうこともあるが、その透過した光の多くは隣接する鋸歯２３に照射され、その鋸歯２３によって第２の導光部３の上面側へと方向転換される。なお、図７に示す矢示付き破線は、光散乱粒子２１が存在しない場合または光が光散乱粒子２１に衝突しなかった場合に方向転換される光の経路を示している。   The light applied to the prism unit 22 is redirected to the upper surface side of the second light guide unit 3. In the direction of the direction change, since the projection angle θ is larger toward the outer peripheral side of the translucent member 1, the emission angle θ <b> 3 is smaller toward the outer peripheral side of the translucent member 1. That is, when the translucent member 1 is viewed as a light source, the light source does not have directivity and becomes a light source that illuminates a wide-angle range (see FIG. 7). The light traveling through the second light guide 3 is not parallel light parallel to the upper surface of the second light guide 3, and part of the light is scattered by the light scattering particles 21. Although a part of the irradiated light may pass through the saw blade 23 that collides first, most of the transmitted light is irradiated to the adjacent saw blade 23, and the second light guide unit is irradiated by the saw blade 23. 3 is turned to the upper surface side. In addition, the broken line with an arrow shown in FIG. 7 has shown the path | route of the light redirected when the light-scattering particle 21 does not exist or when light does not collide with the light-scattering particle 21. FIG.

このように方向転換された光は、鋸歯２３の突起角度θが上述のように第２の導光部３のうちＬＥＤ３０側から第２の導光部３の端部１５に向かうに従って大きくなっていることに起因して、上述したようにＬＥＤ３０から離れるに従って出射角θ３が小さくなるように第２の導光部３の上面から出射する。   The light whose direction has been changed in this way increases as the projection angle θ of the sawtooth 23 moves from the LED 30 side of the second light guide 3 toward the end 15 of the second light guide 3 as described above. As described above, the light is emitted from the upper surface of the second light guide 3 so that the emission angle θ3 decreases as the distance from the LED 30 increases.

また、反射部１６に導光された光は、その反射部１６によって反射され第２の導光部３の上面側に導光され、上面から出射する。上述のように、ＬＥＤ３０は光の指向性が強く、中心点１３方向の光が強く、中心点１３から離れる方向の光は弱くなる。そのため、図７において反射面１２の下部領域（中心点１３の近くの領域）や中部領域（中心点１３から少し離れた領域）から導光される光の光量が多く、反射面１２の上部領域（第２の導光部３に近い領域）に向かうに従ってその領域から導光される光の光量が少なくなる。このことから、反射面１２の下部領域や中部領域に導光された光を主に方向転換するプリズム部２２は、ＬＥＤ３０が照射する光の殆どを方向転換し、残りの光は反射部１６が方向転換する。これによって第２の導光部３を進行する光の殆どを上面側から出射させる。   The light guided to the reflection unit 16 is reflected by the reflection unit 16 and guided to the upper surface side of the second light guide unit 3, and then exits from the upper surface. As described above, the LED 30 has strong light directivity, strong light in the direction of the central point 13, and weak light in a direction away from the central point 13. Therefore, in FIG. 7, the amount of light guided from the lower region (region near the center point 13) and the middle region (region slightly away from the center point 13) of the reflecting surface 12 is large, and the upper region of the reflecting surface 12 The amount of light guided from the region decreases toward the (region close to the second light guide unit 3). Therefore, the prism unit 22 that mainly redirects the light guided to the lower region and the middle region of the reflecting surface 12 redirects most of the light emitted by the LED 30, and the remaining light is reflected by the reflecting unit 16. Turn around. As a result, most of the light traveling through the second light guide 3 is emitted from the upper surface side.

ここで、第２の導光部３にも光散乱粒子２１が含有されている。そのため、反射面１２から第２の導光部３へ入射し進行する光は、その進行過程で、またプリズム部２２から第２の導光部３の上側へと光照射される過程で光が複雑に散乱する。しかし、光散乱粒子２１は、第２の導光部３内の光の多くを入射方向と同一方向へ散乱させる多重散乱させるものである。そのため、多くの光はその進行方向が整ったものとなり、図７に示す破線に沿って光が照射されていく。しかし、散乱光の一部は、図７による破線の経路と異なる経路をとり、上面から出射される。すなわち、第２の導光部３には高密度に光散乱粒子２１が含有されているため、透光部材１の上面からの光の照射はＬＥＤや裸電球の光等とは異なり、ぼやけた感じの照射状態となる。また、ＬＥＤ３０という点光源に近い光源の光が第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３によって面光源に変換されるため、単位面積当たりの照射光量は少なくなる。   Here, the second light guide 3 also contains light scattering particles 21. Therefore, the light that enters the second light guide unit 3 from the reflection surface 12 and travels is transmitted in the course of the process, and the light is irradiated from the prism unit 22 to the upper side of the second light guide unit 3. Scattering complicated. However, the light scattering particles 21 cause multiple scattering that causes most of the light in the second light guide 3 to be scattered in the same direction as the incident direction. Therefore, a lot of light has a uniform traveling direction, and the light is irradiated along the broken line shown in FIG. However, a part of the scattered light takes a path different from the path of the broken line in FIG. That is, since the second light guide 3 contains the light scattering particles 21 at a high density, the light irradiation from the upper surface of the translucent member 1 is blurred unlike the light of the LED or the bare light bulb. It becomes a feeling of irradiation state. Moreover, since the light of the light source close | similar to the point light source called LED30 is converted into a surface light source by the 1st light guide part 2 and the 2nd light guide part 3, the irradiation light quantity per unit area decreases.

（本発明の実施の形態によって得られる主な効果）
透光部材１および発光装置４０は、反射面１２を備え、入射部１１には、反射面１２と対称的に配置される凹部１８が形成されている。この凹部１８に入射した光の殆どは中心点１３から離れる方向に屈折し、中心点１３を透過し難い。そのため、透光部材１および発光装置４０は、中心点１３付近のグレアの発生を抑制する。また、反射面１２の頂点（中心点１３）および凹部１８の頂点に丸みをもたせ、かつ丸みの度合いを変えることによって反射面１２を突き抜ける光量を制御できる。さらに各頂点は、共に丸みを帯びていることによって、透光部材１の製造の際、金型が作りやすくなり、また長寿命の金型とすることができる。また、透光部材１の品質が安定する。また、凹部１８を錐状体（円錐）の形状とすることによって、入射した光を反射面１２へと均一に照射することができる。また、反射面１２を錐状体（円錐状）の形状とすることによって、入射した光を第２の導光部３側へと均一に反射することができる。また、入射部１１は平面部１９およびＬＥＤ保持部１７を有しているため、ＬＥＤ３０によって広角に発光された分の光を有効に第２の導光部３へと導光できる。さらには、透光部材１および発光装置４０は、入射してきた光の殆どを上面側に出射させることが可能であるため、光効率が良いものとなる。さらに光散乱粒子２１によって光を散乱させることで、透光部材１の各図の上面側へ出射する光を均一化させることができ、照明光源として好ましいものとなる。 (Main effects obtained by the embodiment of the present invention)
The translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 include a reflecting surface 12, and a concave portion 18 that is disposed symmetrically with the reflecting surface 12 is formed in the incident portion 11. Most of the light incident on the concave portion 18 is refracted in a direction away from the center point 13 and hardly transmits through the center point 13. Therefore, the translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 suppress the occurrence of glare near the center point 13. Further, the amount of light penetrating the reflection surface 12 can be controlled by rounding the vertex (center point 13) of the reflection surface 12 and the vertex of the recess 18 and changing the degree of roundness. Furthermore, since each vertex is rounded, it is easy to make a mold when manufacturing the translucent member 1, and a long-life mold can be obtained. Moreover, the quality of the translucent member 1 is stabilized. Further, by forming the concave portion 18 in the shape of a cone (cone), it is possible to uniformly irradiate the incident surface with the incident light. Moreover, by making the reflecting surface 12 into a cone-shaped body (conical shape), incident light can be reflected uniformly toward the second light guide 3 side. In addition, since the incident portion 11 includes the flat portion 19 and the LED holding portion 17, light corresponding to the light emitted by the LED 30 at a wide angle can be effectively guided to the second light guide portion 3. Furthermore, since the translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 can emit most of the incident light to the upper surface side, the light efficiency is improved. Further, by scattering light with the light scattering particles 21, the light emitted to the upper surface side of each figure of the translucent member 1 can be made uniform, which is preferable as an illumination light source.

また、光散乱粒子２１が含有された透光部材１およびそれを用いた発光装置４０は、反射面１２を備えた第１の導光部２を有している。そのため、入射部１１に入射した光の多くは第１の導光部２から図１０に示す矢示付き破線に沿って第２の導光部３へと光が進行していきつつも適度に他の方向へと光を散乱させる。そのため、上述したように面発光に適する透光部材１および発光装置４０を提供できる。   The translucent member 1 containing the light scattering particles 21 and the light emitting device 40 using the translucent member 1 have the first light guide unit 2 including the reflective surface 12. Therefore, most of the light incident on the incident portion 11 is moderately generated while the light proceeds from the first light guide portion 2 to the second light guide portion 3 along the broken line with an arrow shown in FIG. Scatters light in the other direction. Therefore, as described above, the light transmissive member 1 and the light emitting device 40 suitable for surface light emission can be provided.

すなわち以下のことが言える。光散乱粒子２１が含有された透光部材１およびそれを用いた発光装置４０は、ＬＥＤ３０の上部へ直線的に出射する光の殆どをそのまま通過させずに全反射させる。また、ＬＥＤ３０からの強い光の一部を散乱させ反射面１２を通過させており、反射面１２も光源の一部となる。また、第２の導光部３は、入射してきた光の多くを反射面１２を通過する光と同一面側に出射する。そのため、透光部材１および発光装置４０は、面発光に適していると共にグレアをより抑制できる。   That is, the following can be said. The translucent member 1 containing the light scattering particles 21 and the light emitting device 40 using the same totally reflect the light that is linearly emitted to the upper part of the LED 30 without passing through as it is. Moreover, a part of strong light from the LED 30 is scattered and passed through the reflecting surface 12, and the reflecting surface 12 also becomes a part of the light source. Further, the second light guide 3 emits most of the incident light to the same surface as the light passing through the reflecting surface 12. Therefore, the translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 are suitable for surface light emission and can further suppress glare.

また、第１の導光部２に入射した光は、平面部１９のみのものに比べ凹部１８の存在により、反射面１２を突き抜ける光は大幅に減少しており、そして入射光の一部は光散乱粒子２１により反射面１２を通過し第１の導光部２からの面光源となる。また、残りの光の多くは第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光となって第２の導光部３に入射し、その後第２の導光部３の上面側から出射し、第２の導光部３からの面光源となるため、発光装置４０の照射ロスを抑制できる。また、仮に平行光とならずに第２の導光部３に入射された光が第２の導光部３の上面に照射されても、そこで全反射するため、光は拡散せず、より発光装置４０の照射ロスを抑制できる。さらに、第２の導光部３の上面で全反射した光は、その後、プリズム部２２にて発光装置４０の設計意図に沿った方向に反射されるため、より発光装置４０の照射ロスを抑制できる。   In addition, the light incident on the first light guide 2 is significantly reduced in the light penetrating through the reflecting surface 12 due to the presence of the concave portion 18 as compared to the flat surface 19 alone, and a part of the incident light is The light scattering particles 21 pass through the reflecting surface 12 and become a surface light source from the first light guide 2. Further, most of the remaining light becomes parallel light parallel to the upper surface of the second light guide 3 and enters the second light guide 3, and then exits from the upper surface of the second light guide 3. Since it becomes a surface light source from the 2nd light guide part 3, the irradiation loss of the light-emitting device 40 can be suppressed. Further, even if the light incident on the second light guide 3 is irradiated on the upper surface of the second light guide 3 without being converted into parallel light, the light is totally diffused there, so that the light is not diffused. Irradiation loss of the light emitting device 40 can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the light totally reflected on the upper surface of the second light guide unit 3 is then reflected by the prism unit 22 in a direction in accordance with the design intention of the light emitting device 40, the irradiation loss of the light emitting device 40 is further suppressed. it can.

また、光散乱粒子２１の含有率は、第２の導光部３よりも第１の導光部２の方を高くしているため、光の散乱が生じやすく第１の導光部２に入射した光が反射面１２を透過し易くなり、透光部材１全体の光照射分布を中心点１３の部分（光路Ｌ６をとる光が出射される部分）を含めて略均一にできる。また、光散乱粒子２１は、光路Ｌ６をとる光をも散乱させるため、光路Ｌ６をとる光の光量を低減している。多重散乱の程度は、散乱パラメータτにより制御できるため、反射面１２を通過する光と第２の導光部３の上面から出射する光の輝度が一定になるように適度に調整することができる。また、中心点１３の部分の丸み度や凹部１８の丸みの程度によっても調整することができる。   Moreover, since the content rate of the light scattering particle 21 is higher in the first light guide unit 2 than in the second light guide unit 3, light scattering is likely to occur in the first light guide unit 2. Incident light can easily pass through the reflecting surface 12, and the light irradiation distribution of the entire translucent member 1 can be made substantially uniform including the portion of the center point 13 (the portion from which the light taking the optical path L6 is emitted). Further, since the light scattering particle 21 also scatters the light taking the optical path L6, the light quantity of the light taking the optical path L6 is reduced. Since the degree of multiple scattering can be controlled by the scattering parameter τ, it can be appropriately adjusted so that the brightness of the light passing through the reflecting surface 12 and the light emitted from the upper surface of the second light guide 3 is constant. . Further, it can be adjusted by the roundness of the center point 13 and the roundness of the recess 18.

なお、図１８には、板厚が１０ｍｍのＰＭＭＡ板に粒径７．３μｍの光散乱粒子２１を含有させる濃度を変化させた場合の光の拡散角と光の透過率の関係を示している。ここで、拡散角とは、散乱されて拡がった光が、その中心照度の半値になる角度を全角表示で表した角度である。図１８に示すように、光散乱粒子２１の含有率が０．０６重量％のときは、殆ど拡散せず、しかも透過率は９８％程度となる。この図１８を利用して透光部材１の明るさや出射方向を種々設定できる。   FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the light diffusion angle and the light transmittance when the concentration of light scattering particles 21 having a particle size of 7.3 μm is changed in a PMMA plate having a thickness of 10 mm. . Here, the diffusion angle is an angle in which the angle at which the scattered and spread light becomes a half value of the central illuminance is expressed in full-width display. As shown in FIG. 18, when the content ratio of the light scattering particles 21 is 0.06% by weight, it hardly diffuses and the transmittance is about 98%. By using this FIG. 18, various brightness and emission directions of the translucent member 1 can be set.

また、光散乱粒子２１は、散乱パラメーターをτ（１/τは平均自由行程でその単位はｃｍ）、第１の導光部２の厚みをＴ（単位はｃｍ）としたとき、τとTの積が０．１以上５０以下の範囲内とされている。τとＴの積が０．１未満になると、光線の平均自由行程が長くなり板厚Ｔの距離内で散乱される光線量が少なくなり、第１の導光部２の反射面１２から適切な光線を外部に出射させることができなくなる。一方、τとＴの積が５０を超えると、光線の平均自由行程が短くなり、板厚Ｔの距離内で多重散乱される光量が多くなり、図１９に示すように、後方散乱が大きくなり前方への光の透過率が下がってしまう。つまり入射部１１に入射し第１の導光部２から図１０に示す矢示付き破線に沿って第２の導光部３へと光を進行させる光量効率が低下してしまう。   The light scattering particle 21 has a scattering parameter τ (1 / τ is the mean free path and its unit is cm), and the thickness of the first light guide 2 is T (unit is cm). Is within the range of 0.1 to 50. When the product of τ and T is less than 0.1, the mean free path of the light becomes long and the amount of light scattered within the distance of the plate thickness T is reduced, which is appropriate from the reflecting surface 12 of the first light guide 2. It becomes impossible to emit a light beam to the outside. On the other hand, when the product of τ and T exceeds 50, the mean free path of the light beam is shortened, the amount of light that is multiple-scattered within the distance of the plate thickness T increases, and the backscattering increases as shown in FIG. The light transmittance to the front is lowered. That is, the light quantity efficiency of entering the incident portion 11 and causing the light to travel from the first light guide portion 2 to the second light guide portion 3 along the broken line with arrows shown in FIG.

また、プリズム部２２は、中心点１３に近い側の鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、中心点１３から遠い側の鋸歯２３の突起角度θよりも小さい。そのため、中心点１３から遠い側では、ＬＥＤ３０から離れる方向への光の照射ができ、広角に光を照射することが可能となる。よって、発光装置４０は、広い範囲を照明できる照明装置としての用途に適するものとなる。また、広角に光を照射することにより、発光装置４０を薄型化できる。また、広角に光を照射することにより、発光装置４０をモジュール化して多数配置する場合にそのモジュールの数を少なくでき、コスト削減ができる。   Further, in the prism portion 22, the projection angle θ of the saw tooth 23 on the side close to the center point 13 is smaller than the projection angle θ of the saw tooth 23 on the side far from the center point 13. Therefore, on the side far from the center point 13, light can be irradiated in a direction away from the LED 30, and light can be irradiated at a wide angle. Therefore, the light emitting device 40 is suitable for use as a lighting device that can illuminate a wide range. Moreover, the light emitting device 40 can be thinned by irradiating light at a wide angle. Also, by irradiating light at a wide angle, when a large number of light emitting devices 40 are modularized and arranged in a large number, the number of modules can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

また、この突起角度θは、適宜変更することができるため、発光装置４０等の用途によって発光の仕方を変更することができる。発光の仕方を上述のように広角の照射としたり、ダウンライトのように狭角の照射とすることもできる。ここで、各鋸歯２３の突起頂部を径方向に結ぶ線Ｌと第２の導光部３の上面側の平面との交差角βが２°から１０°となる場合には、突起角度θは、４５°から７５°の間で設定することが好ましい。   Moreover, since this protrusion angle (theta) can be changed suitably, the method of light emission can be changed with uses of the light-emitting device 40 grade | etc.,. The light emission method can be wide-angle irradiation as described above, or narrow-angle irradiation like downlight. Here, when the crossing angle β between the line L connecting the projection tops of the saw teeth 23 in the radial direction and the plane on the upper surface side of the second light guide 3 is 2 ° to 10 °, the projection angle θ is It is preferable to set between 45 ° and 75 °.

また、第２の導光部３のうちＬＥＤ３０から離れた位置の端部１５の下部には、導光された光を上面側へと反射させる反射部１６が形成されているため、プリズム部２２だけでは光の方向転換ができない分の光があった場合にもその光を上面側に方向転換することができる。   Moreover, since the reflection part 16 which reflects the light guided to the upper surface side is formed in the lower part of the end part 15 at a position away from the LED 30 in the second light guide part 3, the prism part 22 is formed. Even when there is enough light that cannot be redirected, the light can be redirected to the upper surface side.

（他の形態）
以上、本発明の実施の形態における透光部材１および発光装置４０について説明したが、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない限り種々変更実施可能である。 たとえば、反射面１２の頂点（中心点１３）および凹部１８の頂点を丸みを帯びた形状としたが、頂点付近を平坦部とし、反射面１２や凹部１８を円錐台形状としても良い。 (Other forms)
As mentioned above, although the translucent member 1 and the light-emitting device 40 in embodiment of this invention were demonstrated, unless it deviates from the summary of this invention, a various change implementation is possible. For example, although the vertex (center point 13) of the reflecting surface 12 and the vertex of the concave portion 18 are rounded, the vicinity of the vertex may be a flat portion, and the reflective surface 12 and the concave portion 18 may be frustoconical.

本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、入射部１１から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射し、反射させる部分を入射部１１に対して逆錐状体で、かつ頂点が丸みを帯びた反射面１２とし、入射部１１には、反射面１２と対称的に配置される円錐形状の凹部１８が形成されている。しかし、反射面１２の頂点（中心点１３）は、丸みを帯びている必要はない。また、凹部１８の頂点は、丸みを帯びていてもいなくてもよい。また、凹部１８は円錐形状とされているが、たとえば３角錐、４角錐等、他の錐状体形状とされていても良い。また、反射面１２は、側面の断面形状が入射部１１側とは反対側に膨らんだ円錐形状とされているが、たとえば円錐、３角錐、４角錐等、他の錐状体形状とされていても良い。また、中心点１３と凹部１８の頂点は、対向する位置に配置されているが、両者は、ずれた位置に配置しても良い。両者をずれた位置に配置することによって、光路Ｌ６をとる光を減少させやすくなり、透光部材１や発光装置４０は、より均一な光量を出射する面光源としやすい。   The optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention reflect the light incident from the incident portion 11, emit the reflected light, and reflect the reflected portion to the incident portion 11. Thus, the reflecting surface 12 having a reverse cone shape and a rounded apex is formed, and the incident portion 11 is formed with a conical recess 18 arranged symmetrically with the reflecting surface 12. However, the apex (center point 13) of the reflecting surface 12 does not need to be rounded. The apex of the recess 18 may or may not be rounded. Moreover, although the recessed part 18 is made into cone shape, it may be made into other cone-shaped bodies, such as a triangular pyramid and a quadrangular pyramid, for example. Further, the reflecting surface 12 has a conical shape in which the cross-sectional shape of the side surface swells on the side opposite to the incident portion 11 side. May be. Moreover, although the center point 13 and the vertex of the recessed part 18 are arrange | positioned in the position which opposes, you may arrange | position both in the position which shifted | deviated. By disposing the two at a shifted position, the light taking the optical path L6 can be easily reduced, and the translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 can be easily used as a surface light source that emits a more uniform amount of light.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、入射部１１から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射し、反射させる部分を入射部１１に対して逆錐状体となる反射面１２とし、入射部１１には、反射面１２と対称的に配置される円錐形状の凹部１８が形成されている。しかし、反射面１２の頂点（中心点１３）または凹部１８の頂点のいずれか一方または両方は、丸みを帯びていてもよいし、尖った形状としても良い。   Further, the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention reflect the light incident from the incident part 11, emit the reflected light, and reflect the reflected part. On the other hand, the reflecting surface 12 is an inverted cone, and a conical recess 18 is formed in the incident portion 11 so as to be symmetrical to the reflecting surface 12. However, either one or both of the vertex (center point 13) of the reflecting surface 12 and the vertex of the recess 18 may be rounded or pointed.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、凹部１８の頂点が丸みを帯びた形状としているが、その丸みは必須の構成要素ではないためそのような形状にする必要はない。凹部１８の頂点は、尖った形状としても良い。凹部１８の頂点が尖った形状であれば、反射面１２を突き抜ける光が減少し、透光部材１や発光装置４０は、さらにより均一な光量を出射する面光源となる。   Moreover, although the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light-emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention have a rounded shape at the apex of the recess 18, the roundness is not an essential component. It is not necessary to use a special shape. The apex of the recess 18 may have a sharp shape. If the apex of the concave portion 18 is sharp, the light penetrating through the reflecting surface 12 is reduced, and the translucent member 1 and the light emitting device 40 become a surface light source that emits a more uniform light amount.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、凹部１８および反射面１２は、共に円錐状としているが、上述のように他の錐状体としても良い。ただし、凹部１８を円錐状とすることは、光の入射をより均一にできることから好ましい。また、反射面１２を円錐状とすることは、光の反射をより均一にできることから好ましい。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the concave portion 18 and the reflecting surface 12 are both conical, but as described above, other conical bodies may be used. good. However, it is preferable to form the concave portion 18 in a conical shape because the incident light can be made more uniform. Moreover, it is preferable to make the reflective surface 12 conical because the reflection of light can be made more uniform.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、入射した光であって直進してくる光を全反射させる反射面１２を設け、かつ入射した光を多重散乱させ反射面１２を通過して出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子２１を含有している。しかし、光散乱粒子２１は必須の構成要素ではないため、省略できる。また、反射面１２ではなく、他の反射部材を設けるようにしても良い。   In addition, the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention are provided with the reflecting surface 12 that totally reflects the incident light that travels straight, and the incident light. It contains light scattering particles 21 that generate multiple scattered light that is emitted through the reflecting surface 12. However, since the light scattering particle 21 is not an essential component, it can be omitted. Further, instead of the reflecting surface 12, another reflecting member may be provided.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、入射部１１は、凹部１８の底面（円錐形状の底面）と同一面となる平面部１９を、凹部１８の外周に有している。しかし、平面部１９は必須の構成要素ではないため、省略できる。そして、平面部１９が配置されている位置にたとえばＬＥＤ保持部１７が存在するようにしても良い。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the incident portion 11 has the flat surface portion 19 that is flush with the bottom surface (conical bottom surface) of the concave portion 18 as the concave portion. 18 on the outer periphery. However, the plane portion 19 is not an essential component and can be omitted. And you may make it the LED holding part 17 exist in the position where the plane part 19 is arrange | positioned, for example.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、入射部１１は、凹部１８の外側に入射してくる光を屈折または全反射させるＬＥＤ保持部１７を有し、そのＬＥＤ保持部１７は平面部１９から凹部１８とは逆側に突出するように設けられている。しかし、ＬＥＤ保持部１７は必須の構成要素ではないため、省略できる。そして、ＬＥＤ保持部１７が配置されている位置にたとえば平面部１９が延在するようにしても良い。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the incident portion 11 includes the LED holding portion 17 that refracts or totally reflects the light incident on the outside of the concave portion 18. The LED holding portion 17 is provided so as to protrude from the flat portion 19 to the opposite side to the concave portion 18. However, since the LED holding part 17 is not an essential component, it can be omitted. Then, for example, the flat portion 19 may extend at a position where the LED holding portion 17 is disposed.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置４０は、反射面１２の対向位置であって、凹部１８の頂点の対向位置に入射部１１に光を入射するＬＥＤ３０が配置されている。しかし、上述のように凹部１８の頂点とＬＥＤ３０は、対向させずずれた位置に配置しても良い。   Further, in the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the LED 30 that makes light incident on the incident portion 11 is disposed at a position opposed to the reflecting surface 12 and at a position opposed to the apex of the recess 18. However, as described above, the apex of the recess 18 and the LED 30 may be arranged at positions shifted without facing each other.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、光を入射する入射部１１と、入射部１１へ入射した光を反射面１２に導く第１の導光部２と、第１の導光部２の光の入射側と反対側に設けられ入射した光のうち一直線状の軌跡をとる光を全反射させる反射面１２と、反射した光を導光する第２の導光部３とを有し、第１の導光部２は、光を多重散乱し、反射面１２を通過し外部に出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子２１を含有し、第２の導光部３は、入射してきた光の一部または全部を反射面１２を通過する光と同一面側に出射している。しかし、第２の導光部３が出射する光の一部または全部は、第２の導光部３の下面側から出射させたり、端部１５の外周側へ出射させたりしても良い。   In addition, the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention include the incident portion 11 that receives light and the first guide that guides the light incident on the incident portion 11 to the reflecting surface 12. The light part 2, the reflection surface 12 provided on the opposite side to the light incident side of the first light guide part 2 and totally reflecting the light having a linear locus among the incident light, and guiding the reflected light. The first light guide 2 contains light scattering particles 21 that scatter light and generate light that passes through the reflection surface 12 and exits to the outside. The second light guide 3 emits part or all of the incident light to the same surface side as the light passing through the reflecting surface 12. However, part or all of the light emitted from the second light guide 3 may be emitted from the lower surface side of the second light guide 3 or may be emitted to the outer peripheral side of the end 15.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、第２の導光部３は板状とされ、その板状の第２の導光部３の中心に平面形状で円形の第１の導光部２が配置されている。しかし、第２の導光部３は外形が三角形状、四角形状等の多角形状としたり楕円形としたりしても良い。同様に第１の導光部２の平面形状も多角形状としたり、楕円形状としても良い。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the second light guide unit 3 is plate-shaped, and the center of the plate-shaped second light guide unit 3 is used. The 1st light guide part 2 which is planar and circular is arrange | positioned. However, the second light guide section 3 may have a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape or a quadrangular shape, or an elliptical shape. Similarly, the planar shape of the first light guide unit 2 may be a polygonal shape or an elliptical shape.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、透光部材１は透光性樹脂であり、光散乱粒子２１は、その粒径が１〜１０μｍの透光性のシリコーン粒子とされている。しかし、光散乱粒子２１は、透光部材１内の光を多重散乱するものであれば、その材質、形状、粒子径等を問わず、種々のものを用いることができる。ただし、光散乱粒子２１は、光を図１０に示す光の進行経路（矢示付き破線）に沿わせつつも適度に他の方向へと光を散乱させる意味で、粒径が１〜１０μｍの透光性のシリコーン粒子を用いることが好ましい。詳述すると、シリコーン粒子の粒径を１μｍ以上とすることで、角度分布の広がりを抑え、後方散乱成分を少なくできる。すると、前方への光強度が小さくなって第２の導光部３に導光される光量が過度に低下するのをおさえることができ、第１の導光部２の反射面１２を透過する光量が過度に多くなるのを抑制し易くなる。一方、シリコーン粒子の粒径を１０μｍ以下とすることで、角度分布が狭くなり過ぎるのを抑制でき、第１の導光部２の反射面１２を透過する光量を十分に確保できる。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the translucent member 1 is a translucent resin, and the light scattering particles 21 have a particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm. It is considered to be translucent silicone particles. However, as the light scattering particles 21, various particles can be used regardless of the material, shape, particle diameter, and the like as long as the light in the translucent member 1 is subjected to multiple scattering. However, the light scattering particle 21 has a particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm in the sense that light is appropriately scattered in another direction while following the light traveling path (broken line with arrows) shown in FIG. It is preferable to use translucent silicone particles. More specifically, by setting the particle size of the silicone particles to 1 μm or more, the spread of the angle distribution can be suppressed and the backscattering component can be reduced. As a result, the light intensity to the front is reduced and the amount of light guided to the second light guide 3 can be prevented from excessively decreasing, and the light is transmitted through the reflecting surface 12 of the first light guide 2. It becomes easy to suppress an excessive increase in the amount of light. On the other hand, by setting the particle size of the silicone particles to 10 μm or less, it is possible to suppress the angle distribution from becoming too narrow, and it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of light that passes through the reflecting surface 12 of the first light guide unit 2.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、光散乱粒子２１の含有率は、第２の導光部３よりも第１の導光部２の方を高くしている。しかし、光散乱粒子２１の含有率は、第２の導光部３よりも第１の導光部２を低くしたり、両者の含有率を等しくしても良い。また、第２の導光部３には光散乱粒子２１を含有させないようにしても良い。   Further, in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the content ratio of the light scattering particles 21 is higher in the first light guide part 2 than in the second light guide part 3. Is higher. However, the content ratio of the light-scattering particles 21 may be lower than that of the second light guide section 3 or may be equal. The second light guide 3 may not contain the light scattering particles 21.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０における光散乱粒子２１は、散乱パラメータをτ、第１の導光部の厚みをＴとしたとき、τとＴの積が０．１以上５０以下の範囲内とされている。しかし、τとＴの積は、それ以外の範囲、たとえば０．０１、０．０５、６０、７０、８０等としても良い。   Further, the light scattering particles 21 in the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention have τ when the scattering parameter is τ and the thickness of the first light guide is T. The product of T is in the range of 0.1 to 50. However, the product of τ and T may be in other ranges, for example, 0.01, 0.05, 60, 70, 80, etc.

また、透光部材１には、ＰＭＭＡ製のものを用いているが、その他のアクリル酸エステルあるいはメタクリル酸エステルの重合体で、透明性の高い非晶質の合成樹脂であるアクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート等の他の透光性樹脂やガラス等を材質としたものを用いることができる。また、第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３とは２材成形によって一体化させているが、当初から第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３とを一体成形して透光部材１を得ることとしても良い。   Moreover, although the thing made from PMMA is used for the translucent member 1, it is a polymer of other acrylic ester or methacrylic ester, and is a highly transparent amorphous synthetic resin, such as acrylic resin, polystyrene, Other translucent resins such as polycarbonate, and those made of glass or the like can be used. Moreover, although the 1st light guide part 2 and the 2nd light guide part 3 are integrated by 2 material shaping | molding, the 1st light guide part 2 and the 2nd light guide part 3 are integrated from the beginning. It is good also as obtaining the translucent member 1 by shape | molding.

また、入射部１１は、第１の導光部２と一体に形成されているが、入射部１１を第１の導光部２と別体に設けても良い。   In addition, although the incident portion 11 is formed integrally with the first light guide portion 2, the incident portion 11 may be provided separately from the first light guide portion 2.

また、発光部材はＬＥＤ３０に限定されず、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス（Organic
Electro-Luminescence、OEL、有機EL）、無機エレクトロルミネッセンス（Inorganic Electro-Luminescence、IEL、無機EL）、レーザー光等の他の発光部材を用いることができる。さらに、ＬＥＤ３０にはチップ型のものを用いているが、レンズ付きのＬＥＤを用いることができる。また、発光部材としては、光を直接入射部１１に入射させる光源でなく、光源の光を導く導光体や光源の光を反射する反射部材としても良い。 In addition, the light emitting member is not limited to the LED 30, and organic electroluminescence (Organic
Other light-emitting members such as Electro-Luminescence (OEL, organic EL), inorganic electroluminescence (IEL, inorganic EL), and laser light can be used. Furthermore, although a chip-type LED 30 is used, an LED with a lens can be used. Moreover, as a light emitting member, it is good also as a reflecting member which reflects the light of the light guide which guides the light of a light source instead of the light source which injects light into the incident part 11 directly.

また、透光部材１は、外形が円形であり、その中央部に円形でかつくぼんだ形状の反射面１２を有し、反射面１２の周囲に光を導光する円環状の第２の導光部３を有しているが、透光部材１の外形、反射面１２の平面形状、第２の導光部３の形状等は、変更できる。たとえば、上述したように、第２の導光部３の形状を四角形状とすることで、透光部材１の外形を四角形状等とすることができる。このように、透光部材１の外形を四角形状とする利点は、複数の発光装置４０の発光面を隙間無く並べることができる点であり、このように並べて使用する場合に、それらの発光面が均一に発光させ易くなることである。   The translucent member 1 has a circular outer shape, and has a circular reflecting surface 12 formed in a circular shape at the center thereof, and an annular second guide for guiding light around the reflecting surface 12. Although it has the light part 3, the external shape of the translucent member 1, the planar shape of the reflective surface 12, the shape of the 2nd light guide part 3, etc. can be changed. For example, as described above, the outer shape of the translucent member 1 can be a square shape or the like by making the shape of the second light guide portion 3 a square shape. Thus, the advantage of making the outer shape of the translucent member 1 rectangular is that the light emitting surfaces of the plurality of light emitting devices 40 can be arranged without gaps. It is easy to emit light uniformly.

また、透光部材１の反射面１２は、図９に示すように断面形状部分の関係関数の微分が「ｔａｎ（９０−θｔ ／ ２）」で与えられる曲面としているが、点光源として見た場合のＬＥＤ３０の光を全反射することが可能な形状であれば、断面形状が他の条件で与えられる曲線等で構成されるものであっても良い。また、反射面１２は、非球面のような断面曲面となる構成ではなく、直線をつなぎ合わせた断面角形の形状としても良い。   Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the reflection surface 12 of the translucent member 1 is a curved surface in which the differential of the relational function of the cross-sectional shape portion is given by “tan (90−θt / 2)”, but it is viewed as a point light source. As long as the light of the LED 30 can be totally reflected, the cross-sectional shape may be a curve or the like given under other conditions. In addition, the reflecting surface 12 may not have a cross-sectional curved surface such as an aspherical surface, but may have a square cross-sectional shape formed by connecting straight lines.

また、本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、導光された光を反射面１２側と同一側の方向に方向転換させる断面鋸歯状のプリズム部２２を第２の導光部３における反射面１２側とは反対の側に備えている。しかし、このプリズム部２２は必須の構成要素ではないため、省略しても良い。また、プリズム部２２を第２の導光部３の上面側に設けてもよい。また、プリズム部２２は鋸歯状とせず、直線Ｌのような直線状としたり曲線状としたりしてもよい。   Further, the optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention have a sawtooth-shaped prism section 22 that changes the direction of the guided light in the same direction as the reflecting surface 12 side. Is provided on the side opposite to the reflecting surface 12 side in the second light guide 3. However, the prism portion 22 is not an essential component and may be omitted. Further, the prism portion 22 may be provided on the upper surface side of the second light guide portion 3. Further, the prism portion 22 may be a straight line such as a straight line L or a curved line shape instead of a sawtooth shape.

本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子（透光部材１）や発光装置４０は、光が導光される板状の導光部（第１の導光部２および第２の導光部３）を備え、第２の導光部３はその一方の面に導光された光を方向転換させる断面形状が複数の鋸歯２３からなるプリズム部２２を有し、プリズム部２２は、第２の導光部３に導光され第２の導光部３の上面と平行な平行光が入射側の鋸歯の反射面２４に入射する入射角δよりもそこから離れた離隔位置の鋸歯２３の反射面２４に入射する入射角δが大きくされている。しかし、プリズム部２２は、第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３の境界または第１の導光部２の一部に配置されていても良い。   The optical element (translucent member 1) and the light emitting device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention are plate-shaped light guides (first light guide unit 2 and second light guide unit 3) through which light is guided. ), And the second light guide unit 3 includes a prism unit 22 having a plurality of saw teeth 23 having a cross-sectional shape that changes the direction of the light guided to one surface of the second light guide unit 3. Reflection of the saw-tooth 23 at a position separated from the incident angle δ where the parallel light guided to the light-guiding unit 3 and parallel to the upper surface of the second light-guiding unit 3 is incident on the reflecting surface 24 of the incident-side saw-tooth. The incident angle δ incident on the surface 24 is increased. However, the prism portion 22 may be disposed at the boundary between the first light guide portion 2 and the second light guide portion 3 or at a part of the first light guide portion 2.

また、透光部材１の第２の導光部３は、図７における下面であって中心点１３を中心とし同心円上に並べられた２２５個の鋸歯２３からなるプリズム部２２を備えており、鋸歯２３は、中心点１３に近い側の突起角度θが中心点１３から遠い側の突起角度θよりも小さい。しかし、プリズム部２２の配置位置、形状、数、突起角度θ等は変更することができる。たとえば、ＬＥＤ３０の配置位置を中心とする同心円上に鋸歯２３を設けた上で、第２の導光部３の端部１５を切り取って透光部材１の外形を四角形状とすることができる。図１９には、透光部材１の第１変形例である透光部材１ａを示している。透光部材１ａの鋸歯２３ａは、同心円状ではなく、中心を共通にする四角形状等の多角形状に設けられている。また、プリズム部２２は、第１の導光部２と第２の導光部３の境界または第１の導光部２の一部に配置されていても良い。   Further, the second light guide portion 3 of the translucent member 1 includes a prism portion 22 including 225 saw teeth 23 arranged concentrically on the lower surface in FIG. In the sawtooth 23, the projection angle θ on the side close to the center point 13 is smaller than the projection angle θ on the side far from the center point 13. However, the arrangement position, shape, number, and projection angle θ of the prism portion 22 can be changed. For example, after providing the saw-tooth 23 on the concentric circle centering on the arrangement position of LED30, the edge part 15 of the 2nd light guide part 3 can be cut off, and the external shape of the translucent member 1 can be made into square shape. FIG. 19 shows a light transmissive member 1 a which is a first modification of the light transmissive member 1. The saw-tooth 23a of the translucent member 1a is not concentric, but is provided in a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape having a common center. The prism portion 22 may be disposed at the boundary between the first light guide portion 2 and the second light guide portion 3 or at a part of the first light guide portion 2.

また、本実施の形態では、隣接する鋸歯２３の配置間隔Ｈは０．２ｍｍとしている。しかし、この配置間隔Ｈは０．１ｍｍ，０．３ｍｍ等に変更することができる。また、配置間隔Ｈは一定のものではなく、一つの透光部材１の中で異ならせても良い。   Moreover, in this Embodiment, the arrangement | positioning space | interval H of the adjacent sawtooth 23 is 0.2 mm. However, the arrangement interval H can be changed to 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, or the like. Further, the arrangement interval H is not constant, and may be different in one translucent member 1.

また、鋸歯２３の反射面２４に光が入射する入射角δまたは、鋸歯２３の突起角度θは、入射側から離隔位置へ向かって徐々に大きくされていることが好ましい。しかし、離隔位置よりも入射側の方の入射角δまたは鋸歯２３の突起角度θが大きくなる鋸歯２３が一部混在していても良い。ここで、徐々に大きくとは、上述の実施の形態のように、グループ間で徐々に大きくするような場合や、グループ間ではなく１つ１つの鋸歯２３についての入射角δや突起角度θを異ならせ徐々に大きくする場合の両者を含むものとする。また、グループ間の場合、２グループとしたり、４グループとしたり、７グループとすることができる。   Moreover, it is preferable that the incident angle δ at which light enters the reflecting surface 24 of the saw tooth 23 or the projection angle θ of the saw tooth 23 is gradually increased from the incident side toward the separation position. However, a part of the sawtooth 23 in which the incident angle δ closer to the incident side than the separation position or the projection angle θ of the sawtooth 23 becomes larger may be mixed. Here, “gradually larger” means that the incident angle δ or the projection angle θ of each saw tooth 23 is not the case where it is gradually increased between groups as in the above-described embodiment, or not between groups. It includes both cases where the difference is made gradually larger. Moreover, in the case of between groups, it can be set to 2 groups, 4 groups, or 7 groups.

また、プリズム部２２の第２の導光部３の入射側から離隔した端部１５側には、導光部に導光された光をプリズム部２２が方向転換させる側と同じ側へと反射させる反射部１６を備えていることが好ましい。しかし、この反射部１６は必須の構成要素ではないため、省略しても良い。また、プリズム部２２を端部１５まで伸ばすようにしても良い。   In addition, the light guided to the light guide part is reflected to the same side as the side on which the prism part 22 changes direction on the end 15 side away from the incident side of the second light guide part 3 of the prism part 22. It is preferable that the reflecting part 16 to be provided is provided. However, the reflecting portion 16 is not an essential component and may be omitted. Further, the prism portion 22 may be extended to the end portion 15.

また、反射部１６は導光された光を全反射するものであるが、白色のインクが印刷処理がされていたり、アルミニウムや銀等のミラーコート等によって鏡面状等とすることができる。ただし反射部１６は、導光された光を全反射する構成にした方が、その製造に際し印刷処理等の手間を要しないため好ましい。   The reflection unit 16 totally reflects the guided light. However, the reflection part 16 may be printed with white ink or may have a mirror-like shape by a mirror coating such as aluminum or silver. However, it is preferable that the reflecting portion 16 is configured to totally reflect the guided light because it does not require time and effort such as a printing process in manufacturing.

図２０、図２１は、図１９に示す透光部材１ａを使用した発光装置４０を街路灯として用いた場合の使用状態の一例を示す図である。発光装置４０の出射面側に支柱５０の一端が取り付けられ、支柱５０の他端は地面に埋め込められ、発光装置４０が上から地面へ照射範囲Ｗ１を照射している。この照射範囲Ｗ１は発光装置４０から放射状に道路５１に沿って均一に広がっている。   20 and 21 are diagrams illustrating an example of a usage state when the light-emitting device 40 using the translucent member 1a illustrated in FIG. 19 is used as a street lamp. One end of the support column 50 is attached to the emission surface side of the light emitting device 40, the other end of the support column 50 is embedded in the ground, and the light emitting device 40 irradiates the irradiation range W1 from the top to the ground. This irradiation range W1 extends radially along the road 51 radially from the light emitting device 40.

この発光装置４０の道路５１の幅方向の照射範囲Ｗ２は、道路５１の幅Ｙを完全に覆うように放射状に広がっている。その広がり方は、図２１に示すように道路５１側が広く、道路５１から外れる側は狭い。これは図１９の透光部材１ａに配置された鋸歯２３ａの突起角度θを位置によって変えているためである。すなわち、図１９の上方の鋸歯２３ａ１の突起角度θを、下側の鋸歯２３ａ２の突起角度θを小さくしている。このようにすることで、たとえば、道路と森林との境界にこの発光装置４０の街路灯を設置する場合、道路側の照射範囲を広くする等、照射範囲を任意に制御できる。   The irradiation range W2 of the light emitting device 40 in the width direction of the road 51 extends radially so as to completely cover the width Y of the road 51. As shown in FIG. 21, the road 51 is wide on the side, and the side away from the road 51 is narrow. This is because the projection angle θ of the saw-tooth 23a arranged on the translucent member 1a in FIG. 19 is changed depending on the position. That is, the projection angle θ of the upper sawtooth 23a1 in FIG. 19 is made smaller than the projection angle θ of the lower sawtooth 23a2. In this way, for example, when the street light of the light emitting device 40 is installed at the boundary between the road and the forest, the irradiation range can be arbitrarily controlled such as widening the irradiation range on the road side.

この支柱５０は、発光装置４０の出射面のうち第１の導光部２に相当する部分を覆うように取り付けることが好ましい場合がある。たとえば、発光装置４０の中心点１３の周辺が比較的不均一な発光分布を有する場合等には、支柱５０によって第１の導光部２に相当する比較的不均一となる部分を隠し、照光状態を均一となるようすることができる。また、図２０、図２１に示すように、一定方向は左右均等範囲に、一定方向とは直交する方向は左右不均等となる範囲に照射する透光部材としては、図１９に示すような四角形の透光部材１ａではなく、図１に示すような円形の透光部材１としても良い。   In some cases, it is preferable to attach the support column 50 so as to cover a portion corresponding to the first light guide unit 2 on the emission surface of the light emitting device 40. For example, when the periphery of the center point 13 of the light-emitting device 40 has a relatively non-uniform light emission distribution, a relatively non-uniform portion corresponding to the first light guide unit 2 is hidden by the support 50 and illuminated. The state can be made uniform. Further, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, as a translucent member that irradiates a range in which a certain direction is equal to the left and right, and a direction perpendicular to the certain direction is not equal to the left and right, a rectangular shape as illustrated in FIG. 19 is used. Instead of the translucent member 1a, a circular translucent member 1 as shown in FIG. 1 may be used.

図２２には、透光部材１の第２変形例として、上述したＬＥＤ３０の配置位置を中心とする同心円上に鋸歯２３を設けた上で、第２の導光部３の端部１５を切り取って透光部材１の外形を四角形状（正方形）とした透光部材１ｂの底面図を示している。透光部材１と同一の形状、機能を有する部材には図３と同一の符号を付し、それらの説明は省略する。透光部材１ｂの正方形の各辺にを構成する端部１５ａおよび各角部を構成する端部１５ｂがある。透光部材１の反射部１６に相当する反射部１６ｂは、各端部１５ａに沿って隣接する端部１６を結び中心部１３側に膨らむように楕円弧状に４つ形成されている。   In FIG. 22, as a second modification of the translucent member 1, the sawtooth 23 is provided on a concentric circle centered on the position where the LED 30 is disposed, and the end 15 of the second light guide 3 is cut off. The bottom view of the translucent member 1b which made the external shape of the translucent member 1 square shape (square) is shown. Members having the same shape and function as those of the translucent member 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. There are an end 15a constituting each side of the square of the translucent member 1b and an end 15b constituting each corner. Four reflecting portions 16b corresponding to the reflecting portions 16 of the translucent member 1 are formed in an elliptical arc shape so as to connect the adjacent end portions 16 along the respective end portions 15a and swell toward the central portion 13 side.

図２３は、図２２のブロック矢印Ｂ側から見た透光部材１ｂの側面図である。また、 図２４は、図２２のブロック矢印Ｃ側から見た透光部材１ｂの側面図である。図２３、図２４についても透光部材１と同一の形状、機能を有する部材には図３と同一の符号を付し、それらの説明は省略する。反射部１６ｂの面と第２の導光部３の上面とがなす角は、θ１と同様に３０°とされている。図２４に示すように、端部１５ｂの部分には反射部１６ｂが存在していない。   FIG. 23 is a side view of the translucent member 1b viewed from the block arrow B side in FIG. FIG. 24 is a side view of the translucent member 1b viewed from the block arrow C side in FIG. 23 and 24, members having the same shape and function as those of the translucent member 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3, and description thereof is omitted. The angle formed by the surface of the reflecting portion 16b and the upper surface of the second light guide portion 3 is 30 °, similar to θ1. As shown in FIG. 24, the reflection part 16b does not exist in the part of the edge part 15b.

図２５には、透光部材１ｂを用いた発光装置４０の第２変形例である発光装置４２を光源として３つ使用している看板６０の断面概略図を示している。この看板６０の前面６１ｂに文字や画像が描かれたり、ポスター等が貼られる。各発光装置４２は、広角に照射可能であり、Ｗ３の範囲を照射する。つまり、図２５に示すように隣接する発光装置４２の照射範囲の一部（端部）が重なっている用に照射している。よって看板６０は、照射方向へ看板６０全体が発光しているものとして観察される。このような発光状態は、各発光装置４２がＷ４の距離だけ離れて看板６０内で配置されていても得ることができる。したがって看板６０は、従来個々のＬＥＤを並べたものを看板の光源として使用していた場合に比べ、飛躍的に光源数を減らすことができる。そのため看板６０は、消費電力の低減、構成部材数の低減等の効果を奏する。   FIG. 25 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a signboard 60 that uses three light-emitting devices 42, which are second modified examples of the light-emitting device 40 using the translucent member 1b, as light sources. Characters and images are drawn on the front face 61b of the signboard 60, and a poster is pasted. Each light emitting device 42 can irradiate at a wide angle and irradiates the range of W3. That is, as shown in FIG. 25, the irradiation is performed because a part (end part) of the irradiation range of the adjacent light emitting device 42 is overlapped. Therefore, the signboard 60 is observed as if the entire signboard 60 emits light in the irradiation direction. Such a light emitting state can be obtained even if each light emitting device 42 is arranged in the signboard 60 at a distance of W4. Therefore, the signboard 60 can drastically reduce the number of light sources as compared with the case where a conventional array of individual LEDs is used as the light source of the signboard. Therefore, the signboard 60 has effects such as reduction in power consumption and reduction in the number of constituent members.

なお、この図２５では、上下に３個の発光装置４２が配置されているが、縦横で３個×３個で計９個の発光装置４２を配置し、正方形の表面６１を有する看板６０としたり、３個×５個の計１５個の横長の看板６０としたりしても良い。縦横の各個数は、適宜な数を採用することができる。   In FIG. 25, three light emitting devices 42 are arranged vertically, but a total of nine light emitting devices 42 (3 × 3 in length and breadth) are arranged to form a signboard 60 having a square surface 61. Or, a total of 15 horizontal signs 60 of 3 × 5 may be used. Appropriate numbers can be adopted for the vertical and horizontal numbers.

本発明の実施の形態に係る光学素子である透光部材の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of the translucent member which is an optical element which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図１に示す透光部材の正面図である。It is a front view of the translucent member shown in FIG. 図１に示す透光部材の底面図である。It is a bottom view of the translucent member shown in FIG. 図１の平面図のＡ−Ａ断面図である。It is AA sectional drawing of the top view of FIG. 図４の断面図における透光部材の反射面の部分の詳細を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view which shows the detail of the part of the reflective surface of the translucent member in sectional drawing of FIG. 単一真球粒子による散乱光強度の角度分布（Α、Θ）を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows angle distribution (Α, Θ) of scattered light intensity by a single true spherical particle. 図４の断面図における透光部材の第２の導光部の主要部分を示す拡大概要図である。It is an expansion schematic diagram which shows the principal part of the 2nd light guide part of the translucent member in sectional drawing of FIG. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、ＬＥＤから発せられた光が入射して透光部材内に入り、反射面で反射して第２の導光部へと導光される経路を示す図である。The light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention WHEREIN: The light emitted from LED enters into a translucent member, shows the path | route which is reflected by a reflective surface and is guide | induced to the 2nd light guide part. FIG. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、ＬＥＤから発せられた光が入射して透光部材内に入り、反射面で反射して第２の導光部へと導光される経路を示す図である。The light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention WHEREIN: The light emitted from LED enters into a translucent member, shows the path | route which is reflected by a reflective surface and is guide | induced to the 2nd light guide part. FIG. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates a reflective surface in the light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 凹部の無い発光装置において、反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates a reflective surface in the light-emitting device without a recessed part. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、ＬＥＤから発せられた光が入射して透光部材内に入り、反射面で反射して第２の導光部へと導光される経路を示す図である。The light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention WHEREIN: The light emitted from LED enters into a translucent member, shows the path | route which is reflected by a reflective surface and is guide | induced to the 2nd light guide part. FIG. 凹部の無い発光装置において、反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates a reflective surface in the light-emitting device without a recessed part. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates a reflective surface in the light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置において、中心点が丸みを帯びない反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。In the light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates the reflective surface which a center point does not round. 凹部の無い発光装置において、中心点が丸みを帯びない反射面を突き抜ける光の光路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the optical path of the light which penetrates the reflective surface whose center point is not roundish in the light-emitting device without a recessed part. 本発明の実施の形態に係る発光装置に用いた光散乱粒子を板厚が１０ｍｍのアクリル樹脂板に含有させる濃度を変化させた場合の光の拡散角と光の透過率の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the light diffusion angle at the time of changing the density | concentration which contains the light-scattering particle | grains used for the light-emitting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention in the acrylic resin board with a plate thickness of 10 mm, and the light transmittance. is there. 本発明の実施の形態に係る透光部材の第１変形例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the 1st modification of the translucent member which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図１９に示す透光部材を使用した発光装置を街路灯として用いた場合の使用状態の一例を示す図で道路側から見た図である。It is the figure seen from the road side in the figure which shows an example of the use condition at the time of using the light-emitting device using the translucent member shown in FIG. 19 as a street lamp. 図１９に示す透光部材を使用した発光装置を街路灯として用いた場合の使用状態の一例を示す図で道路の進行方向から見た図である。It is the figure seen from the advancing direction of the road in the figure which shows an example of the use condition at the time of using the light-emitting device using the translucent member shown in FIG. 19 as a street lamp. 本発明の実施の形態に係る透光部材の第２変形例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the 2nd modification of the translucent member which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図２２のブロック矢印Ｂ側から見た第２変形例の透光部材の側面図である。It is a side view of the translucent member of the 2nd modification seen from the block arrow B side of FIG. 図２２のブロック矢印Ｂ側から見た第２変形例の透光部材の側面図である。It is a side view of the translucent member of the 2nd modification seen from the block arrow B side of FIG. 第２変形例の透光部材を用いた発光装置を光源として用いた看板の断面概略図である。It is the cross-sectional schematic of the signboard using the light-emitting device using the translucent member of the 2nd modification as a light source.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１，１ａ，１ｂ 透光部材（光学素子）
１１ 入射部
１２ 反射面（第１凹部）
１３ 中心点（ 第１凹部の頂点）
１７ ＬＥＤ保持部（凸部）
１８ 凹部（第２凹部）
１９ 平面部
２１ 光散乱粒子
３０ ＬＥＤ（発光部材）
４０，４１，４２ 発光装置 1, 1a, 1b Translucent member (optical element)
11 Incident part 12 Reflecting surface (first recess)
13 Center point (vertex of first recess)
17 LED holding part (convex part)
18 recess (second recess)
19 Plane portion 21 Light scattering particle 30 LED (light emitting member)
40, 41, 42 Light emitting device

Claims (12)

入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する光学素子において、
上記反射させる部分を上記入射部に対して逆錐状体で、かつ頂点が丸みを帯びたまたは平坦状とした第１凹部とし、上記入射部には、上記第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする光学素子。 In the optical element that reflects the light incident from the incident portion and emits the reflected light,
The portion to be reflected is a first concave portion having an inverted conical shape with respect to the incident portion and the apex is rounded or flat, and the incident portion is arranged symmetrically with the first concave portion. An optical element characterized in that a second conical concave portion is formed. 入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する光学素子において、
上記反射させる部分を上記入射部に対して逆錐状体となる第１凹部とし、上記入射部には、上記第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする光学素子。 In the optical element that reflects the light incident from the incident portion and emits the reflected light,
The portion to be reflected is a first concave portion that is an inverted cone with respect to the incident portion, and the second concave portion having a conical shape that is disposed symmetrically with the first concave portion is formed in the incident portion. An optical element. 請求項１または２記載の光学素子において、前記第２凹部の頂点を丸みを帯びた形状または平坦状としたことを特徴とする光学素子。   3. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein the vertex of the second recess is rounded or flat. 4. 請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の光学素子において、
前記第１凹部と前記第２凹部を共に円錐状としたことを特徴とする光学素子。 The optical element according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An optical element characterized in that both the first recess and the second recess are conical. 請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の光学素子において、前記第１凹部は、前記入射した光であって直進してくる光を全反射させる反射面を有し、かつ前記入射した光を多重散乱させ上記反射面を通過して出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子を含有していることを特徴とする光学素子。   5. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein the first concave portion has a reflection surface that totally reflects the incident light that travels straight, and the incident light. An optical element comprising light-scattering particles that scatter light and generate light that passes through the reflecting surface and is emitted. 請求項１から５のいずれか１項に記載の光学素子において、前記入射部は、前記第２凹部の底面と同一面となる平面部を、前記第２凹部の外周に有していることを特徴とする光学素子。   6. The optical element according to claim 1, wherein the incident portion has a flat portion that is flush with a bottom surface of the second concave portion on an outer periphery of the second concave portion. A featured optical element. 請求項６記載の光学素子において、前記入射部は、前記第２凹部の外側に前記入射してくる光を屈折または全反射させる凸部を有し、その凸部は前記平面部から前記第２凹部とは逆側に突出するように設けられていることを特徴とする光学素子。   7. The optical element according to claim 6, wherein the incident portion has a convex portion that refracts or totally reflects the incident light outside the second concave portion, and the convex portion extends from the flat portion to the second portion. An optical element characterized by being provided so as to protrude on the opposite side to the concave portion. 入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する発光装置において、
上記反射させる部分を上記入射部に対して逆錐状体で、かつ頂点が丸みを帯びたまたは平坦状とした第１凹部とし、上記入射部には、上記第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成され、上記第２凹部と対向する位置に上記入射部に光を入射する発光部材が配置されていることを特徴とする発光装置。 In the light emitting device that reflects the light incident from the incident portion and emits the reflected light,
The portion to be reflected is a first concave portion having an inverted conical shape with respect to the incident portion and the apex is rounded or flat, and the incident portion is disposed symmetrically with the first concave portion. The light emitting device is characterized in that a second concave portion having a cone-shaped body is formed, and a light emitting member that makes light incident on the incident portion is disposed at a position facing the second concave portion. 入射部から入射した光を反射させ、その反射した光を出射する発光装置において、
上記反射させる部分を上記入射部に対して逆錐状体となる第１凹部とし、上記入射部には、上記第１凹部と対称的に配置される錐状体形状の第２凹部が形成され、上記第２凹部と対向する位置に上記入射部に光を入射する発光部材が配置されていることを特徴とする発光装置。 In the light emitting device that reflects the light incident from the incident portion and emits the reflected light,
The portion to be reflected is a first concave portion that is an inverted cone with respect to the incident portion, and the second concave portion having a conical shape that is disposed symmetrically with the first concave portion is formed in the incident portion. A light-emitting device, wherein a light-emitting member that makes light incident on the incident portion is disposed at a position facing the second recess. 請求項８または９記載の発光装置において、前記第２凹部の頂点を丸みを帯びた形状または平坦状としたことを特徴とする発光装置。   10. The light emitting device according to claim 8, wherein the apex of the second recess is rounded or flat. 請求項８から１０のいずれか１項に記載の発光装置において、
前記第１凹部と前記第２凹部を共に円錐状としたことを特徴とする発光装置。 The light emitting device according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
The light emitting device characterized in that both the first recess and the second recess are conical. 請求項８から１１のいずれか１項に記載の発光装置において、前記第１凹部は、前記入射した光であって直進してくる光を全反射させる反射面を有し、かつ前記入射した光を多重散乱させ上記反射面を通過して出射する光を発生させる光散乱粒子を含有していることを特徴とする発光装置。   12. The light emitting device according to claim 8, wherein the first concave portion has a reflection surface that totally reflects the incident light that travels straight, and the incident light. A light-emitting device comprising light-scattering particles that scatter multiple light and generate light that passes through the reflecting surface and is emitted.
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JP2014502022A (en) * 2010-11-30 2014-01-23 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ Light redirecting and light scattering module for light emitting diodes
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