JP2010151757A - Survey method using total station - Google Patents

Survey method using total station Download PDF

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JP2010151757A
JP2010151757A JP2008332946A JP2008332946A JP2010151757A JP 2010151757 A JP2010151757 A JP 2010151757A JP 2008332946 A JP2008332946 A JP 2008332946A JP 2008332946 A JP2008332946 A JP 2008332946A JP 2010151757 A JP2010151757 A JP 2010151757A
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total station
reference points
measurement
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point
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Takahiro Kondo
高弘 近藤
Mamoru Osaka
衛 大坂
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Taisei Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To propose a survey method using a total station, capable of economical deformation measurement. <P>SOLUTION: The survey method uses the total station including the steps of: measuring two reference points S1 and S2 set in the outside 4 of an effect of construction work and at least one survey point P set in the inside 3 of the effect of construction work, using the total station; implementing coordinate transformation of measurement results of the reference points S1 and S2 and the survey point P so that a straight line connecting between the reference points S1 and S2 becomes a baseline on an X-axis in an X-Y plane; and calculating a positional relationship relative to the measurement results of the baseline and the survey point P. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、トータルステーションを用いた測量方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a surveying method using a total station.

トータルステーションを用いて構造物の変状変位量を観測する場合がある。ところが、トータルステーションは、日射や気温の変化等の自然界の影響を受けることで生じる微妙な変位や傾きにより固定された座標系を維持することができない場合があった。   In some cases, the deformation displacement of a structure is observed using a total station. However, the total station may not be able to maintain a fixed coordinate system due to subtle displacements and inclinations caused by the influence of the natural world such as solar radiation and temperature changes.

一方、近接施工に伴う既設構造物等の変状計測は施工管理において重要な管理項目である。そのため、トータルステーション等に生じる変位を修正するための技術が多数開発されており、実用化に至っている。   On the other hand, deformation measurement of existing structures and the like due to close construction is an important management item in construction management. For this reason, many techniques for correcting displacement generated in the total station and the like have been developed and have been put into practical use.

例えば、本出願人等は、特許文献1に示すように、同一平面上にない既知の4点の基準点を利用して、座標系の変状変位を修正することを可能としたトータルステーションを用いた変状計測方法を開発し、実用化に至っている。   For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, the present applicants use a total station that makes it possible to correct a deformation displacement of a coordinate system using four known reference points that are not on the same plane. The deformation measurement method was developed and put into practical use.

この三次元変状計測方法は、工事の影響範囲外に設定された4点の基準点について、予め計測された測定結果と、工事開始後の所定期間経過後に再度計測した測定結果と、によりトータルステーションに生じた変位を修正するための座標変換係数を算出するものである。   This three-dimensional deformation measurement method is based on the measurement results measured in advance for the four reference points set outside the construction influence range, and the measurement results measured again after a predetermined period after the construction starts. A coordinate conversion coefficient for correcting the displacement generated in the above is calculated.

特許第3641818号公報Japanese Patent No. 3641818

ところが、特許文献1に記載のトータルステーションを用いた変状計測方法は、基準点を工事による影響が生じない箇所に4点設定し、維持する必要があるため、施工期間が短い場合には、不経済になる場合があった。   However, in the deformation measurement method using the total station described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to set and maintain four reference points at locations where there is no influence by the construction. There was a case of becoming an economy.

本発明は、前記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、経済的な変状計測を行うことを可能とした、トータルステーションを用いた測量方法を提案することを課題とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to propose a surveying method using a total station, which enables economical deformation measurement.

このような課題を解決するために、請求項1に記載のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法は、工事影響範囲外に設定された2点の基準点および工事影響範囲内に設定された少なくとも1点以上の測点をトータルステーションにより測定する工程と、前記基準点同士を結ぶ直線がX−Y平面またはX−Z平面のX軸となるように、前記基準点および前記測点の測定結果を座標変換する工程と、前記X軸と前記測点の測定結果との相対的な位置関係を算出する工程と、を備えることを特徴としている。   In order to solve such a problem, the surveying method using the total station according to claim 1 includes two reference points set outside the construction influence range and at least one point set within the construction influence range. And measuring the reference points and the measurement results of the measurement points so that the straight line connecting the reference points is the X axis of the XY plane or the XZ plane. And a step of calculating a relative positional relationship between the X axis and the measurement result of the measurement point.

また、請求項2に記載のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法は、工事影響範囲外に設定された2点の基準点および工事影響範囲内に設定された少なくとも1点以上の測点をトータルステーションにより測定する工程と、前記基準点同士を結ぶ直線がX−Y平面上またはX−Z平面上の直線となるように、前記基準点および前記測点の測定結果を座標変換する工程と、座標変換された前記直線と座標変換された前記測点との相対的な位置関係を算出する工程と、を備えることを特徴としている。   Further, the surveying method using the total station according to claim 2 measures at least one reference point set outside the construction influence range and at least one measurement point set within the construction influence range by the total station. Coordinate conversion of the measurement results of the reference points and the measurement points so that a straight line connecting the reference points is a straight line on the XY plane or the XZ plane. And calculating a relative positional relationship between the straight line and the coordinate-converted measurement point.

本発明のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法によれば、変状計測を行う際の基準点が2箇所で済むので、工期が短い場合であっても、経済的に測定することができる。   According to the surveying method using the total station of the present invention, since only two reference points are required when performing deformation measurement, even if the construction period is short, it is possible to measure economically.

また、請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1または請求項2に記載のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法であって、前記トータルステーションが工事影響範囲内に設置されていることを特徴としている。これにより、作業スペースが限られた場合であっても、変状計測を行うことが可能となる。   The invention described in claim 3 is a surveying method using the total station according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total station is installed within a construction influence range. As a result, even when the work space is limited, deformation measurement can be performed.

本発明のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法によれば、変状計測を経済的に行うことが可能となる。   According to the surveying method using the total station of the present invention, deformation measurement can be performed economically.

本発明の好適な実施の形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明において、同一要素には同一の符号を用い、重複する説明は省略する。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

本実施形態では、図1に示すように、既存の線路(以下、「既設構造物」という)1を地下横断する新設構造物2を構築する際に、本発明のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法により既設構造物1の沈下や変位を計測する場合について説明する。   In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, when constructing a new structure 2 that crosses an existing track (hereinafter referred to as “existing structure”) 1 underground, a surveying method using the total station of the present invention is used. The case where subsidence and displacement of the existing structure 1 are measured will be described.

本実施形態のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法は、計測点設置工程と、測定工程と、変換工程と、算出工程と、を備えている。   The surveying method using the total station of the present embodiment includes a measurement point installation process, a measurement process, a conversion process, and a calculation process.

計測点設置工程は、2点の基準点S1,S2と少なくとも1点以上の測点Pとを設置する工程である。
基準点S1,S2および測点Pは、所定の位置に据えつけられたトータルステーション(視準点T)により視準することが可能な位置に設置する。
The measurement point installation step is a step of installing two reference points S1, S2 and at least one measurement point P.
The reference points S1, S2 and the measuring point P are installed at positions where collimation can be performed by a total station (collimation point T) installed at a predetermined position.

基準点S1,S2は、工事による沈下等の影響を受けない場所(工事影響範囲外4)に設定する。本実施形態では線路である既設構造物1の軌道縦断方向で工事影響範囲外の2点を設定する。
基準点S1,S2の設置方法は限定されるものではないが、新設構造物2の工事に伴い移動したり沈下したりすることがないように構成する。
The reference points S1 and S2 are set at a place (outside the construction influence range 4) that is not affected by settlement due to construction. In this embodiment, two points outside the construction influence range are set in the longitudinal direction of the track of the existing structure 1 that is a track.
Although the installation method of the reference points S1 and S2 is not limited, the reference points S1 and S2 are configured not to move or sink due to the construction of the new structure 2.

測点Pは、工事影響範囲内3に設定する。本実施形態では測点Pを1点設定しているが、測点Pの数は限定されるものではない。
測点Pは、既設構造物1の変位や沈下を計測することが可能となるように、レールや枕木にプリズムを設置することにより構成する。また、路盤に打ち込まれたロッドの上部にプリズムを設置することで、路盤沈下を計測するものとしてもよい。
The station P is set to 3 within the construction influence range. In the present embodiment, one measurement point P is set, but the number of measurement points P is not limited.
The measurement point P is configured by installing a prism on a rail or sleeper so that the displacement or settlement of the existing structure 1 can be measured. Moreover, it is good also as what measures a roadbed subsidence by installing a prism in the upper part of the rod driven into the roadbed.

測定工程は、計測点設置工程において設置された基準点S1,S2および測点Pを視準点Tに設置したトータルステーションにより測定する。このとき、トータルステーションは、基準点S1,S2および測点Pが設置された全ての範囲について視準することが可能であれば、工事影響範囲内3と工事影響範囲外4のどちらに据え付けられていてもよい。   In the measurement process, the reference points S1 and S2 and the measurement point P installed in the measurement point installation process are measured by a total station installed at the collimation point T. At this time, if it is possible to collimate the entire range where the reference points S1, S2 and the measuring point P are installed, the total station is installed either in the construction influence range 3 or outside the construction influence range 4. May be.

変換工程は、測定工程において測定された基準点S1,S2および測点Pの座標データを、基準点S1,S2同士を結ぶ直線SがX−Y平面のX軸となるように、座標変換する工程である。
なお、本実施形態ではX−Y平面上に変換したが、X−Z平面上に変換してもよい。
Conversion step, the coordinate data of measured reference points S1, S2 and measurement point P in the measuring step, as a straight line S L connecting the reference points S1, S2 to each other is the X-axis of the X-Y plane, coordinate transformation It is a process to do.
In this embodiment, the image is converted on the XY plane, but may be converted on the XZ plane.

仮の直交座標系xyz(測定時の座標系)における座標(x,y,z)を他の直交座標系x’y’z’における座標(x’,y’,z’)に変換する場合は、式1により行う。   When the coordinates (x, y, z) in the temporary orthogonal coordinate system xyz (the coordinate system at the time of measurement) are converted to the coordinates (x ′, y ′, z ′) in another orthogonal coordinate system x′y′z ′ Is performed according to Equation 1.

Figure 2010151757
Figure 2010151757

算出工程は、変換工程において座標変換された座標値を利用して、測点の変位量や沈下量を算出する工程である。   The calculation step is a step of calculating the displacement amount and the settlement amount of the measuring point using the coordinate values obtained by coordinate conversion in the conversion step.

水平変位量Lの算出は、X−Y平面に投影して行う(図2参照)。
まず、変換工程において変換された測点Pの座標(x’,y’,z’ )をX−Y平面に投影し、二次元座標(x’,y’)とする。
The horizontal displacement amount L is calculated by projecting onto the XY plane (see FIG. 2).
First, the coordinates (x P ′, y P ′, z P ′) of the measuring point P converted in the conversion process are projected on the XY plane to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x P ′, y P ′).

次にX−Y平面上に投影された基準点S1,S2同士を結ぶ直線を基準線Sとして、基準線Sと測点P(x’,y’)との離れの量H1を、式2を用いて算出する。 Then a straight line connecting the the X-Y plane reference point projected on S1, S2 between the reference line S L, the amount of separation of the reference line S L and measurement point P (x P ', y P ') H1 Is calculated using Equation 2.

Figure 2010151757
Figure 2010151757

H1を初期値として、一定時間経過後の測点P’の計測値と基準線Sとの離れの量H2を、前記と同様の方法により算出する。そして、式3を利用して測点Pの水平変位量Lを算出する。
L=H1−H2 … 式3
The H1 as the initial value, the amount of separated H2 of the measurement value and the reference line S L measurement point P 'after a predetermined time has elapsed, calculated in the same manner as described above. Then, the horizontal displacement amount L of the measurement point P is calculated using Equation 3.
L = H1-H2 Formula 3

沈下量Dの算出は、X−Z平面に投影した座標値を用いて行う(図3参照)。
まず、変換工程において変換された測点Pの座標(x’,y’,z’ )をX−Z平面に投影した二次元座標値(x’,z’)に変換する。
The settlement amount D is calculated using coordinate values projected on the XZ plane (see FIG. 3).
First, the coordinates of the transformed stations P in the conversion step (x P ', y P' , z P ') of the two-dimensional coordinate values projected on the X-Z plane (x P', z P ' ) is converted to .

X−Y平面上に投影された基準点S1,S2同士を結ぶ直線を基準線Sとして、この基準線Sと測点との離れの量h1を、式4を用いて算出する。 The straight line connecting the the X-Y plane reference point projected on S1, S2 between the reference line S L, the amount h1 distant between the reference line S L and survey point, is calculated using Equation 4.

Figure 2010151757
Figure 2010151757

h1を初期値として、一定時間経過後の測点P’の計測値と基準線Sとの離れの量h2を、前記と同様の方法により算出する。そして、式5を利用して測点Pの沈下量Dを算出する。
D=h1−h2 … 式5
The h1 as the initial value, the amount h2 distant between the measured value and the reference line S L measurement point P 'after a predetermined time has elapsed, calculated in the same manner as described above. Then, the settlement amount D of the measurement point P is calculated using Equation 5.
D = h1-h2 Formula 5

基準線Sを利用することで相対的な配置関係の変化(沈下量や水平変位量)を求めることができる。そして、計測毎に基準点S1,S2をX−Y平面またはX−Z平面のX軸上の基線となるように座標変換し、平面投影した座標値に処理するので、トータルステーションの日変化がキャンセルされる。 By using the reference line SL , it is possible to obtain a relative change in the arrangement relationship (the amount of settlement or the amount of horizontal displacement). Then, every time the measurement is performed, the reference points S1 and S2 are coordinate-transformed so as to be the base line on the X-axis of the XY plane or the XZ plane, and are processed into the coordinate values projected on the plane. Is done.

また、トータルステーションの日変化はキャンセルされるため、トータルステーションの設置箇所は、限定されることがない。したがって、作業スペースの限られた施工現場においても、採用することが可能である。   In addition, since the daily change of the total station is canceled, the installation location of the total station is not limited. Therefore, it can be employed even in a construction site where the work space is limited.

基準点S1,S2の数が2点と少ないため、比較的容易に基準点S1,S2を設置することができ、工期が短い工事における変位測量であっても、経済的に行うことができる。   Since the number of reference points S1 and S2 is as small as two, the reference points S1 and S2 can be installed relatively easily, and even displacement measurement in construction with a short construction period can be performed economically.

以上、本発明について、好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は前記各実施形態に限られず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜設計変更が可能である。
例えば、前記実施形態では、線路を横断する工事において、本発明のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法を採用するものとしたが、工事箇所は限定されるものではない。
As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment was described about this invention, this invention is not limited to said each embodiment, A design change is possible suitably in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the surveying method using the total station of the present invention is adopted in the construction that crosses the track, but the construction location is not limited.

また、トータルステーションの機種は、測量に必要な精度に応じて選定すればよい。   The total station model may be selected according to the accuracy required for surveying.

また、前記実施形態では、基準線SがX−Y平面上のX軸となるように座標変換するものとしたが、基準線SがX−Y平面上の直線となるように座標変換することで、沈下量Dや水平変位量Lを算出してもよい。
この場合において、水平変位量Lを算出する場合は、X−Y平面上に座標変換した基準線SとX−Y平面に投影した測点Pの座標との離れを式2を利用して算出することにより行う。
一方、沈下量Dを算出する場合は、X−Y平面に投影した基準線Sと測点Pの座標とのX−Z平面上における離れを式4により算出する。つまり、X−Y平面と測点Pの座標との離れを算出することにより行う。
Further, in the above embodiment, the reference line S L is assumed that the coordinate transformation such that the X-axis on the X-Y plane, the reference line S L coordinate transformation such that the straight line on the X-Y plane By doing so, the settlement amount D and the horizontal displacement amount L may be calculated.
In this case, when calculating the horizontal displacement amount L, the separation of the X-Y reference line and the coordinate transformation on the plane S L and X-Y measurement point P of coordinates projected onto the plane by using the formula 2 This is done by calculating.
On the other hand, when calculating the subsidence D is calculated by the equation 4 apart on X-Z plane and X-Y reference line is projected onto the plane S L and measurement point P of coordinates. That is, it is performed by calculating the distance between the XY plane and the coordinates of the measurement point P.

本発明の好適な実施の形態に係るトータルステーションを利用した測量方法の概略を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the outline of the surveying method using the total station which concerns on suitable embodiment of this invention. 水平変位量算出時の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary at the time of horizontal displacement amount calculation. 沈下量算出時の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary at the time of subsidence calculation.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 既設構造物
2 新設構造物
3 工事影響範囲内
4 工事影響範囲外
P 測点
S1,S2 基準点
基準線
1 existing structures 2 new structures 3 Construction influence range 4 Construction influence range P stations S1, S2 reference point S L reference line

Claims (3)

工事影響範囲外に設定された2点の基準点および工事影響範囲内に設定された少なくとも1点以上の測点をトータルステーションにより測定する工程と、
前記基準点同士を結ぶ直線がX−Y平面またはX−Z平面のX軸となるように、前記基準点および前記測点の測定結果を座標変換する工程と、
前記X軸と前記測点の測定結果との相対的な位置関係を算出する工程と、を備えることを特徴とするトータルステーションを用いた測量方法。
Measuring two reference points set outside the construction influence range and at least one measurement point set within the construction influence range by a total station;
Transforming the measurement results of the reference point and the measurement point so that a straight line connecting the reference points is the X axis of the XY plane or the XZ plane;
And a step of calculating a relative positional relationship between the X-axis and the measurement result of the measurement point, and a surveying method using a total station.
工事影響範囲外に設定された2点の基準点および工事影響範囲内に設定された少なくとも1点以上の測点をトータルステーションにより測定する工程と、
前記基準点同士を結ぶ直線がX−Y平面上またはX−Z平面上の座標となるように、前記基準点および前記測点の測定結果を座標変換する工程と、
座標変換された前記基準点同士を結ぶ直線と座標変換された前記測点との相対的な位置関係を算出する工程と、を備えることを特徴とするトータルステーションを用いた測量方法。
Measuring two reference points set outside the construction influence range and at least one measurement point set within the construction influence range by a total station;
Transforming the measurement results of the reference point and the measurement point so that a straight line connecting the reference points becomes a coordinate on the XY plane or the XZ plane;
And a step of calculating a relative positional relationship between a straight line connecting the coordinate-converted reference points and the coordinate-converted measurement point. A surveying method using a total station, comprising:
前記トータルステーションが工事影響範囲内に設置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載のトータルステーションを用いた測量方法。   3. The surveying method using the total station according to claim 1, wherein the total station is installed within a construction influence range.
JP2008332946A 2008-12-26 2008-12-26 Survey method using total station Pending JP2010151757A (en)

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US20120186088A1 (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Trimble Navigation Limited Integrated surveying and leveling
CN107907080A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-04-13 中冶天工集团有限公司 A kind of measuring method of the spacial special-shaped grid wall stand of suspension type
CN109914491A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-06-21 北京市水利规划设计研究院 The calculation method and computing system of the Supporting Structure deformation of foundation pit
CN111809466A (en) * 2020-09-14 2020-10-23 深圳大学 Retest method and device for CPIII control network of high-speed railway
CN113212491A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-08-06 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Station setting measurement method for evaluating smoothness of track line

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120186088A1 (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Trimble Navigation Limited Integrated surveying and leveling
US8539685B2 (en) * 2011-01-20 2013-09-24 Trimble Navigation Limited Integrated surveying and leveling
CN107907080A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-04-13 中冶天工集团有限公司 A kind of measuring method of the spacial special-shaped grid wall stand of suspension type
CN109914491A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-06-21 北京市水利规划设计研究院 The calculation method and computing system of the Supporting Structure deformation of foundation pit
CN111809466A (en) * 2020-09-14 2020-10-23 深圳大学 Retest method and device for CPIII control network of high-speed railway
CN113212491A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-08-06 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Station setting measurement method for evaluating smoothness of track line
CN113212491B (en) * 2021-04-06 2022-03-25 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Station setting measurement method for evaluating smoothness of track line

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