JP2010131666A - Electrode for spot welding - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、自動車、航空機、鉄道用車両、その他家庭用品などの製造に広く用いられているスポット溶接に適した電極に関する。 The present invention relates to an electrode suitable for spot welding that is widely used in the manufacture of automobiles, aircraft, railway vehicles, and other household items.
スポット溶接に代表される抵抗溶接は材料の加熱が極めて短時間に行えるので、溶融金属が空気中の酸素や窒素の悪影響を受けることが少ないため、溶接部を特別に中性ガスでシールドする必要がないという特徴を有している。また、抵抗溶接は高い作業効率を有していることから、従来から自動車産業、航空機産業、鉄道用車両産業、家庭用品産業など幅広い分野で用いられている。 Resistance welding represented by spot welding can heat the material in a very short time, so the molten metal is less likely to be adversely affected by oxygen and nitrogen in the air, so the weld must be specially shielded with a neutral gas. It has the feature that there is no. In addition, resistance welding has high working efficiency and has been used in a wide range of fields such as the automobile industry, aircraft industry, railway vehicle industry, and household goods industry.
スポット溶接は溶接すべき2片の金属(被溶接材)同士を重ね合わせ、溶接箇所に上下から円柱状の電極を当接し、圧力を加えながら極短時間電流を流すことにより、通電経路の抵抗により発生する抵抗発熱(ジュール熱)を利用して溶接部(ナゲット)を形成するというもので、溶融凝固を利用した抵抗溶接方法の1種である。 In spot welding, two pieces of metal to be welded (materials to be welded) are overlapped, a cylindrical electrode is brought into contact with the welded portion from the top and bottom, and a current is passed for a very short time while applying pressure, so that the resistance of the current path This is to form a welded portion (nugget) using resistance heating (joule heat) generated by the above, and is one type of resistance welding method using melt solidification.
具体的には、図3に示すように、電極31、31を被溶接材32、32の上下から当接し、圧力Pを加えながら溶接トランス33から電流を流し、ナゲット34を形成する。ナゲット34は被溶接材同士が接触している面において徐々に溶融し始め、所定の大きさまで成長する。なお、破線35は電流パスを示している。
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the
スポット溶接用電極は極短時間の通電が繰り返されるため頻繁に高熱、高負荷の環境下に曝される。そのために長く使用されると変形が起きやすく作業効率が低下してくる。このような状況を回避するために従来から電極の形状に関して種々の工夫がなされている。 Since the spot welding electrode is repeatedly energized for a very short time, it is frequently exposed to an environment of high heat and high load. Therefore, if it is used for a long time, deformation is likely to occur and work efficiency is lowered. In order to avoid such a situation, various contrivances have conventionally been made regarding the shape of the electrodes.
従来から用いられている形状としては、先端に湾曲面を形成したR型(ラジアス型)、DR型(ドームラジアス型)や先端を平坦にしたCF型(円錐台型)などが知られている。 Conventionally used shapes include a R type (radius type) having a curved surface at the tip, a DR type (dome radius type), and a CF type (conical frustum type) having a flat tip. .
また例えば、Cu又はCu合金からなる電極周囲材の被溶接材に当接する当接面に、Wを基材とする芯材を埋設したもの(例えば、特許文献1参照)、被溶接材料に当接する電極先端の当接面中央に、該当接面の径の1/2を超える径を有する球状凹部を設けたもの(例えば、特許文献2参照)、あるいは電極の先端面を中心部と周辺部に分け、中心部が小さな曲率半径の凸部とされ、周辺部が大きな曲率半径の凸部、大きな傾斜角のテーパ面または軸方向に直交する平坦面とされたもの(例えば、特許文献3参照)なども知られている。 Further, for example, a core material made of W as a base material is embedded in a contact surface of the electrode surrounding material made of Cu or Cu alloy that is in contact with the material to be welded (for example, see Patent Document 1). A spherical concave portion having a diameter exceeding 1/2 of the diameter of the corresponding contact surface is provided at the center of the contact surface of the electrode tip in contact (for example, refer to Patent Document 2), or the tip surface of the electrode is centered and peripheral. The central portion is a convex portion having a small curvature radius, and the peripheral portion is a convex portion having a large curvature radius, a tapered surface having a large inclination angle, or a flat surface orthogonal to the axial direction (see, for example, Patent Document 3) ) Etc. are also known.
上記のように従来から種々の形状の電極が用いられてきたが、このような電極を用いて形成されるナゲットについては被溶接材の板厚を薄くするほど溶接打点1点あたりの引っ張り剪断強さを高くすることが望ましい。ナゲットの引っ張り剪断強さを高くする方法の一つとしてはナゲット径を大きくする方法がある。 As described above, electrodes having various shapes have been used in the past. For nuggets formed using such electrodes, the tensile shear strength per welding spot is increased as the plate thickness of the material to be welded is reduced. It is desirable to increase the height. One method for increasing the tensile shear strength of the nugget is to increase the nugget diameter.
しかし、ナゲット径を大きくするには溶接電流を高めたり、通電時間を長くしたり、あるいは被溶接材に対する加圧力を高めるたりすることなどが考えられるが、従来の電極形状で通電条件を変更したり加圧力を高めたりすると、ナゲット中心部から温度が上がるために中心部が沸騰状態となりナゲットにブローホール(気泡)が発生しやすくなり、またナゲット周辺部ではバリが発生するなどの不都合が生じ、円盤状の形状とはならず外周部のみにナゲットが形成されるという問題があった。 However, to increase the nugget diameter, it may be possible to increase the welding current, increase the energization time, or increase the pressure applied to the material being welded. If the pressure is increased, the temperature rises from the center of the nugget, causing the center to boil, making it easier for blowholes (bubbles) to form in the nugget, and causing inconveniences such as burr around the nugget. There was a problem that the nugget was not formed in the disk shape but only on the outer periphery.
このような溶接不良は一般的にドーナツ型ナゲットと呼ばれており、ナゲットの幅や厚さが不均一で、ナゲットが途切れたりするなどの現象から実質的にナゲット径が小さくなることがあり、極端に引っ張り剪断強さが低下し、溶接部の著しい強度劣化をもたらす原因となっていた。 Such welding defects are generally called donut nuggets, and the nugget diameter may be substantially reduced due to phenomena such as uneven nugget width and thickness, and nugget breaks. The tensile shear strength was extremely reduced, which caused a significant deterioration in the strength of the weld.
本発明は、上記難点を解消するためになされたもので、径の大きいナゲットを形成して高い引っ張り剪断強さを得ることができるスポット溶接用電極を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a spot welding electrode capable of forming a nugget having a large diameter and obtaining a high tensile shear strength.
上記課題を解決するために本発明によるスポット溶接用電極の第1の態様は、スポット溶接に用いられる電極であって、電極先端近傍の中央部に被溶接材に当接されない円筒状の中空部が設けられており、円筒状の中空部の周辺部のみが被溶接材に当接されるような構造を有していることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of an electrode for spot welding according to the present invention is an electrode used for spot welding, and is a cylindrical hollow portion that is not brought into contact with a material to be welded at a central portion near the tip of the electrode Is provided, and has a structure in which only the peripheral portion of the cylindrical hollow portion is in contact with the material to be welded.
また、本発明によるスポット溶接用電極の第2の態様は、第1の態様において、円筒状の中空部の直径が電極の直径の20〜50%であることを特徴とする。 The second aspect of the spot welding electrode according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect, the diameter of the cylindrical hollow portion is 20 to 50% of the diameter of the electrode.
さらに、本発明によるスポット溶接用電極の第3の態様は、第1の態様または第2の態様において、電極の被溶接材に当接される面が平坦であることを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the third aspect of the electrode for spot welding according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect or the second aspect, the surface of the electrode that comes into contact with the workpiece is flat.
また、本発明によるスポット溶接用電極の第4の態様は、第1の態様または第2の態様において、電極の被溶接材に当接される面が湾曲していることを特徴とする。 The fourth aspect of the electrode for spot welding according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect or the second aspect, the surface of the electrode that comes into contact with the material to be welded is curved.
本発明によれば、被溶接材と電極の当接部分は電極の周辺部だけで中心部は被溶接材と電極が接触しない。従ってナゲットは中心部が空いた、中空状の形状となる。 According to the present invention, the contact portion between the welded material and the electrode is only the peripheral portion of the electrode, and the welded material and the electrode are not in contact with each other at the center. Therefore, the nugget has a hollow shape with a hollow center.
本発明の電極による中空状ナゲットは、従来の電極によって形成される溶接不良の形状であるドーナツ型ナゲットとは異なり、ナゲットの幅や厚さが均質な形状となる。従って、本発明の電極の径を大きくし、それによって径の大きい中空状ナゲットを形成すれば、従来の中心部が空いていない円盤状のナゲット(線溶接によるナゲット)より高い引っ張り剪断強さを得ることができる。 The hollow nugget by the electrode of the present invention has a uniform nugget width and thickness unlike the doughnut-shaped nugget which is a poorly welded shape formed by a conventional electrode. Therefore, if the diameter of the electrode of the present invention is increased, thereby forming a hollow nugget having a large diameter, the tensile shear strength is higher than that of a conventional disk-shaped nugget (wire nugget) having no open center. Obtainable.
また、本発明のスポット溶接用電極によれば、従来に比べて溶接打点1点あたりの引っ張り剪断強さが高いナゲットを得ることができるので、被溶接材の板厚を薄くでき、軽量化が可能となる。 Moreover, according to the spot welding electrode of the present invention, a nugget having a higher tensile shear strength per welding hit point can be obtained as compared with the prior art, so that the thickness of the material to be welded can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. It becomes possible.
さらに、本発明のスポット溶接用電極によれば、電極の交換のみで引っ張り剪断強さが高いナゲットを得ることができるので、既存の溶接設備を改良することなく使用でき、全体の設備コストの低減を図ることができる。 Furthermore, according to the electrode for spot welding of the present invention, a nugget having high tensile shear strength can be obtained only by replacing the electrode, so that it can be used without improving the existing welding equipment, and the overall equipment cost is reduced. Can be achieved.
以下、本発明によるスポット溶接用電極の好ましい実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an electrode for spot welding according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図1は本発明のスポット溶接用電極を用いたスポット溶接の状況を示した図である。図1(a)において、本発明のスポット溶接用電極1、1を上下から被溶接材2、2に当接し、圧力Pを加えながら溶接トランスから矢印のように溶接電流を流し、ナゲット3を形成する。破線4は電流パスを示している。なお、図1においては溶接トランスの図示は省略している。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the situation of spot welding using the spot welding electrode of the present invention. In FIG. 1A, the spot welding electrodes 1 and 1 of the present invention are brought into contact with the workpieces 2 and 2 from above and below, and a welding current is passed from the welding transformer as indicated by an arrow while applying a pressure P. Form. A broken line 4 indicates a current path. In FIG. 1, the welding transformer is not shown.
本発明のスポット溶接用電極1は、電極先端近傍において中央部に円筒状の中空部1aが設けられており、この円筒状の中空部1aの周辺部1bのみが被溶接材2に当接されるようになっている。このような電極によって形成されるナゲット3は図1(b)に示すように加圧方向から見て円形で中空状の形状となる。
The spot welding electrode 1 of the present invention is provided with a cylindrical hollow portion 1a in the center near the electrode tip, and only the
このような本発明の電極により形成された中空状ナゲットは、溶接不良であるドーナツ型ナゲットとは異なり、ナゲットの幅や厚さが均質で、径を大きくしてもその形状は変わらず、高い引っ張り剪断強さを有している。 The hollow nugget formed by such an electrode of the present invention is different from a doughnut-type nugget that is poorly welded, the nugget has a uniform width and thickness, and its shape does not change even when the diameter is increased, and is high. Has tensile shear strength.
なお、本発明のスポット溶接用電極1の被溶接材に当接する周辺部1bの当接面は平坦にしてもよく、また湾曲していてもよい。本発明の電極を用いてスポット溶接を行うにあたり、最も適した当接面形状を選択することが可能である。
In addition, the contact surface of the
ここで、本発明のスポット溶接用電極1は、図2に示すように、円筒状の中空部1aの直径d(mm)が電極の直径D(mm)の20〜50%であることが好ましい。このような範囲にある電極により形成された中空状ナゲットは、従来の線溶接により形成された円盤状のナゲットに比べて径が大きく、またより高い引っ張り剪断強さを有している。 Here, as for the electrode 1 for spot welding of this invention, as shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable that the diameter d (mm) of the cylindrical hollow part 1a is 20 to 50% of the diameter D (mm) of an electrode. . A hollow nugget formed of electrodes in such a range has a larger diameter and higher tensile shear strength than a disk-shaped nugget formed by conventional wire welding.
電極の形状について上記の範囲が好ましい理由としては、円筒状の中空部1aの直径dが電極1の直径Dの20%未満ではナゲットの幅W(図1(b)参照)が厚くなり過ぎ、従来の円盤状のナゲットと比較して効果の上で有意な差異が認められないからであり、また円筒状の中空部1aの直径dが電極1の直径Dの50%を超えると、ナゲットの幅Wが薄くなり過ぎ、所望の引っ張り剪断強さが得られず、反対に引っ張り剪断強さが低下する虞も出てくるからである。 The reason why the above range is preferable for the shape of the electrode is that if the diameter d of the cylindrical hollow portion 1a is less than 20% of the diameter D of the electrode 1, the width W of the nugget (see FIG. 1B) becomes too thick. This is because there is no significant difference in effect as compared with the conventional disk-shaped nugget, and when the diameter d of the cylindrical hollow portion 1a exceeds 50% of the diameter D of the electrode 1, This is because the width W becomes too thin and the desired tensile shear strength cannot be obtained, and on the contrary, the tensile shear strength may be lowered.
なお、通常ナゲット径は図1(a)に示すように被溶接材の合計板厚をtとすると、4×t1/2以上が必要とされている。従って、本発明においても図1(b)に示すようにナゲット径Xが上記の条件に合い、かつ電極の直径Dに対する円筒状の中空部の直径dの割合が20〜50%となるように電極の形状を適宜定めていけばよい。 The normal nugget diameter is required to be 4 × t 1/2 or more when the total thickness of the materials to be welded is t as shown in FIG. Therefore, also in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1B, the nugget diameter X satisfies the above-mentioned conditions, and the ratio of the diameter d of the cylindrical hollow portion to the diameter D of the electrode is 20 to 50%. What is necessary is just to determine the shape of an electrode suitably.
以上説明したように、本発明のスポット溶接用電極を用いると、ナゲットの幅や厚さが均質な形状となる径の大きい中空状ナゲットを形成できるので、従来の中心部が空いていない円盤状のナゲット(線溶接によるナゲット)より高い引っ張り剪断強さを得ることができる。 As described above, when the spot welding electrode of the present invention is used, a hollow nugget having a large diameter and a uniform nugget width and thickness can be formed. Tensile shear strength higher than that of nuggets (wire-welded nuggets) can be obtained.
従って、本発明の電極を用いてスポット溶接を行うと、従来に比べて溶接打点1点あたりの引っ張り剪断強さが高いナゲットを得ることができるので、被溶接材の板厚を薄くでき、軽量化が可能となる。 Therefore, when spot welding is performed using the electrode of the present invention, a nugget having a higher tensile shear strength per welding spot can be obtained as compared with the conventional method, so that the thickness of the material to be welded can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. Can be realized.
さらに、電極の交換のみで引っ張り剪断強さが高いナゲットを得ることができるので、既存の溶接設備を改良することなく使用でき、全体の設備コストの低減を図ることができる。 Furthermore, since a nugget having a high tensile shear strength can be obtained only by exchanging the electrodes, the existing welding equipment can be used without improvement, and the overall equipment cost can be reduced.
1・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・スポット溶接用電極
1a・・・・・・・・・・・・・電極の円筒状の中空部
1b・・・・・・・・・・・・・電極の周辺部
2・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・被溶接材
3・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ナゲット
4・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・電流パス
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrode for spot welding 1a ... Cylindrical
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CN105451924A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-03-30 | 麦格纳国际公司 | Aluminum spot welding method |
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WO2013176509A1 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Electrode for resistance spot welding and a method for resistance spot welding using the same |
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CN103406683A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-11-27 | 芜湖奕辰模具科技有限公司 | Spot-welding electrode capable of completing aluminium alloy welding with assistance of gas |
CN103406682A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-11-27 | 芜湖奕辰模具科技有限公司 | Spot-welding electrode for aluminum alloy |
CN105555458A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-05-04 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Electrode for spot welding, and welding device and welding method employing same |
CN105555458B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2019-03-12 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Electrode for spot welding, welder and welding method using the electrode for spot welding |
US10668557B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-06-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Spot welding electrode and welding apparatus and welding method using same |
KR20160045897A (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2016-04-27 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | Electrode for spot welding, and welding device and welding method employing same |
KR20170084295A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2017-07-19 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | Power-source device, joining system, and conductive processing method |
US10603743B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2020-03-31 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Power supply device, joining system, and electric processing method |
US11247293B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2022-02-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Spot weldment |
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