JP2010099801A - Lathe control device - Google Patents

Lathe control device Download PDF

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JP2010099801A
JP2010099801A JP2008275003A JP2008275003A JP2010099801A JP 2010099801 A JP2010099801 A JP 2010099801A JP 2008275003 A JP2008275003 A JP 2008275003A JP 2008275003 A JP2008275003 A JP 2008275003A JP 2010099801 A JP2010099801 A JP 2010099801A
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camera
lathe
gauge
turret
image processing
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JP5300003B2 (en
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Tosuke Kawada
東輔 河田
Takuzo Furuhashi
卓三 古橋
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Fuji Corp
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Fuji Machine Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately correct a machining position by accurately measuring the amount of wear or displacement of a bite with respect to a workpiece on a lathe. <P>SOLUTION: In a lathe control device, reference gauges 31 and 32 for measuring position errors of each camera 22 and lens 29 are attached protrudingly in the outside diameter direction to the outer circumferential section of a chuck 12. The reference gauges 31 and 32 and the bites 15 and 16 are captured and imaged one by one into visual fields of a camera 22 and subjected to image processing. Based on the image processing result, the machining position is corrected. Thus, the amount of wear or displacement of the bites 15 and 16 with respect to the workpiece (the chuck 12) are accurately measured on the basis of the positions of the reference gauges 31 and 32, and the machining position is accurately corrected, thereby improving the workpiece machining accuracy. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、カメラを用いてバイトの画像を取込んで画像処理し、当該バイトの欠損、磨耗量、機械全体の熱変位量の少なくとも１つを検査する画像処理システムを備えた旋盤の制御装置に関する発明である。   The present invention relates to a lathe control apparatus provided with an image processing system that captures an image of a cutting tool using a camera, processes the image, and inspects at least one of a defect, wear amount, and thermal displacement amount of the entire machine. It is invention regarding.

例えば、特許文献１（特開平１０−９６６１６号公報）には、工作機械に装着した工具チップをカメラで撮像して工具チップの欠損を検査する工具チップ欠損検査システムが記載されている。   For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-96616) describes a tool chip defect inspection system that inspects tool chip defects by imaging a tool chip mounted on a machine tool with a camera.

また、特許文献２（特開２００１−２６９８４４号公報）には、被加工物（ワーク）を切削加工する工具の状態をカメラで撮像し、その画像情報に基づいて工具の破損や摩耗等の観察を行う工具観察方法において、被加工物の加工前または加工後の少なくとも一方で工具を回転又は移動させてその画像を複数取り込み、当該複数の画像の中から焦点が合った画像を選択的に用いて工具の破損や摩耗等の観察を行う工具観察方法が記載されている。
特開平１０−９６６１６号公報 特開２００１−２６９８４４号公報 In Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-269844), the state of a tool for cutting a workpiece (workpiece) is imaged with a camera, and the breakage or wear of the tool is observed based on the image information. In the tool observing method, a plurality of images are captured by rotating or moving the tool at least one of before and after the workpiece is processed, and a focused image is selectively used from the plurality of images. A tool observation method for observing tool breakage or wear is described.
JP-A-10-96616 JP 2001-269844 A

上記従来技術のように、カメラを用いて、工具先端を画像処理して検査・測定する装置であっても、カメラ自身及びカメラ保持ブラケットの熱変位等に対する精度維持は困難であった。カメラが僅かに傾いただけでも、その測定誤差がカメラと被検査工具との距離に応じて幾何学的に拡大され、測定精度が悪化するためである。従って、上記従来技術を旋盤に適用した場合、本来の目的であるワーク（被加工物）に対する工具（バイト）の摩耗量や変位量を精度良く測定することは困難であった。   Even with an apparatus that uses a camera to inspect and measure the tool tip by performing image processing using the camera as described above, it is difficult to maintain accuracy with respect to thermal displacement of the camera itself and the camera holding bracket. This is because even if the camera is tilted slightly, the measurement error is geometrically enlarged according to the distance between the camera and the tool to be inspected, and the measurement accuracy deteriorates. Therefore, when the above prior art is applied to a lathe, it is difficult to accurately measure the wear amount and displacement amount of the tool (tool) with respect to the original work (workpiece).

本発明はこのような事情を考慮してなされたものであり、従ってその目的は、ワークに対するバイトの摩耗量や変位量を精度良く測定して加工位置を精度良く補正することができる旋盤の制御装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to control a lathe capable of accurately measuring a wear amount and a displacement amount of a cutting tool with respect to a workpiece and accurately correcting a machining position. To provide an apparatus.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に係る発明は、カメラを用いてバイトの画像を取込んで画像処理し、当該バイトの欠損、磨耗量、機械全体の熱変位量の少なくとも１つを検査する画像処理システムを備えた旋盤の制御装置において、前記カメラ及びレンズの位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージをワーク保持用のチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付け、前記基準ゲージとバイトとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて加工位置を補正する加工位置補正手段を備えていることを特徴とするものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 captures an image of a cutting tool using a camera and performs image processing, and at least one of a defect of the cutting tool, a wear amount, and a thermal displacement amount of the entire machine is obtained. In a lathe control apparatus equipped with an image processing system to be inspected, a reference gauge for measuring a positional error between the camera and the lens is attached to a chuck for holding a workpiece or a chuck mounting face plate, and the reference gauge and the tool are attached to the same camera. The image processing apparatus includes a processing position correction unit that captures an image in the field of view, performs image processing, and corrects the processing position based on the image processing result.

この構成では、カメラ及びレンズの位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージを、ワークを保持するチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付けたので、基準ゲージの位置を基準にしてワーク（チャック）に対するバイトの摩耗量や変位量を精度良く測定して加工位置を精度良く補正することができ、ワークの加工精度を向上させることができる。しかも、基準ゲージをチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付けるだけの簡単な構成であるため、構成が簡単で、低コスト化できると共に、基準ゲージを旋盤の切削加工室内に出し入れする構成とは異なり、移動時のガタがなくなり、その分、画像認識精度を高めることができる。更に、カメラに対する基準ゲージとバイトの高さを同じ高さにすることができるため、被写界深度が狭くても画像処理精度を確保することが可能となり、安価な光学系で高い認識精度を得ることができる。   In this configuration, since the reference gauge for measuring the position error of the camera and the lens is attached to the chuck or the chuck mounting face plate that holds the workpiece, the wear amount of the tool with respect to the workpiece (chuck) with respect to the position of the reference gauge. In addition, it is possible to accurately measure the amount of displacement and correct the machining position and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Moreover, since it is a simple configuration that only attaches the reference gauge to the chuck or chuck mounting face plate, the configuration is simple and the cost can be reduced. Thus, the image recognition accuracy can be improved accordingly. In addition, since the height of the reference gauge and the tool for the camera can be the same height, it is possible to ensure image processing accuracy even when the depth of field is narrow, and high recognition accuracy can be achieved with an inexpensive optical system. Obtainable.

また、請求項２に係る発明のように、基準ゲージをワーク保持用のチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付けると共に、ターレットの所定位置にターレットゲージを取り付け、旋盤運転中の非切削時（サイクルスティール時）に前記ターレットゲージと前記基準ケージとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて現在のターレットゲージの位置と本来のターレットゲージの位置との差分値を旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いとして算出して加工位置を補正する加工位置補正手段を備えた構成としても良い。このようにすれば、旋盤運転中に旋盤の熱膨張・収縮により加工位置が変位しても、その加工位置の変位を精度良く補正することができ、ワークの加工精度を向上させることができる。   Further, as in the invention according to claim 2, the reference gauge is attached to the chuck for holding the workpiece or the chuck mounting face plate, and the turret gauge is attached to a predetermined position of the turret so that it is not cut during lathe operation (during cycle stealing). The turret gauge and the reference cage are captured in the same camera field of view and image-processed, and based on the image processing result, a difference value between the current turret gauge position and the original turret gauge position is calculated on the lathe. It is good also as a structure provided with the process position correction | amendment means which calculates as a degree of thermal expansion and contraction, and correct | amends a process position. In this way, even if the machining position is displaced due to thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe during lathe operation, the displacement of the machining position can be accurately corrected, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.

上記請求項１に記載の技術思想と上記請求項２に記載の技術思想は、請求項３のように、組み合わせて実施しても良い。   The technical idea described in claim 1 and the technical idea described in claim 2 may be implemented in combination as in claim 3.

更に、請求項４のように、前記ターレットケージとして、測定の基点となる２つのケージＡ，Ｂを備え、一方のゲージＡを前記基準ケージと同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理した後、前記ケージＡ，Ｂ間の間隔相当分のモータ指令値で前記ターレットを移動させて他方のゲージＢを前記基準ケージと同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理して、これらの画像処理結果に基づいて旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いを算出するようにしても良い。このようにすれば、２つのケージＡ，Ｂの位置を基準にして旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いを精度良く算出することができて、旋盤の熱膨張・収縮による加工位置の変位を精度良く補正することができる。   Furthermore, as in claim 4, the turret cage is provided with two cages A and B serving as measurement base points, and one of the gauges A is stored in the same camera field of view as the reference cage and image-processed. The turret is moved by a motor command value corresponding to the distance between the cages A and B, the other gauge B is captured in the same camera field of view as the reference cage, and image processing is performed. The degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe may be calculated based on the above. In this manner, the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe can be accurately calculated based on the positions of the two cages A and B, and the displacement of the processing position due to the thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe can be accurately calculated. It can be corrected.

この場合、請求項５のように、前記ターレットゲージは、旋盤を構成する金属と比較して熱膨張率が小さい材料で形成し、且つ、前記２つのケージＡ，Ｂを一体に形成すると良い。このようにすれば、測定の基点となる２つのケージＡ，Ｂの位置精度を高めることができて、旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いの算出精度を更に高めることができる。   In this case, as in claim 5, the turret gauge is preferably formed of a material having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the metal constituting the lathe, and the two cages A and B are formed integrally. In this way, it is possible to increase the positional accuracy of the two cages A and B serving as the measurement base points, and it is possible to further increase the calculation accuracy of the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe.

また、請求項６のように、カメラの視野を分割して両視野の間隔を広げるようにカメラの光学系を２つの光学系で構成しても良い。このようにすれば、基準ケージとバイトとの間隔が離れていても、１つのカメラの視野に基準ケージとバイトを収めて撮像することができ、例えばカメラの画素数を増加させて視野を拡大する場合と比較して、画素数の少ない安価なカメラで、実質的に広い視野を実現することができる。また、基準ケージとバイトとの間隔が離れていても、１つのカメラの視野に基準ケージとバイトを収めることができるため、外径加工バイト用基準ケージと内径加工バイト用基準ケージを共通化することができ、１つの基準ケージで外径加工バイトと内径加工バイトの両方に対応できる。また、基準ケージがチャックから突出する寸法を小さくすることができて、基準ケージが他の構成要素と干渉する危険性を大幅に低下させることができる共に、基準ケージがチャックと一体に高速回転することによる風切り騒音を大幅に低減させることができ、また、基準ケージによる切粉の巻き込みの問題も解消できる。しかも、基準ケージを小型化できるため、チャックに大きなカウンタバランスウエイトを設ける必要がなくなる。   Further, as in claim 6, the optical system of the camera may be composed of two optical systems so as to divide the field of view of the camera and widen the interval between both fields of view. In this way, even if the distance between the reference cage and the byte is separated, it is possible to take an image with the reference cage and the byte placed in the field of view of one camera. For example, the field of view is expanded by increasing the number of pixels of the camera. Compared to the case, a substantially wide field of view can be realized with an inexpensive camera having a small number of pixels. Also, even if the distance between the reference cage and the cutting tool is separated, the reference cage and the cutting tool can be accommodated in the field of view of one camera, so the outer diameter cutting tool reference cage and the inner diameter processing tool reference cage are made common. It is possible to handle both an outer diameter machining tool and an inner diameter machining tool with a single reference cage. In addition, since the size of the reference cage protruding from the chuck can be reduced, the risk of the reference cage interfering with other components can be greatly reduced, and the reference cage rotates at a high speed integrally with the chuck. The wind noise caused by this can be greatly reduced, and the problem of chip entrainment by the reference cage can be solved. In addition, since the reference cage can be reduced in size, it is not necessary to provide a large counter balance weight on the chuck.

また、請求項７のように、チャックの外径に対応してカメラの光学系を当該カメラの軸方向に移動させるように構成しても良い。このようにすれば、チャックを外径の異なるチャックに付け替えても、そのチャックの外径に合わせてカメラの光学系を当該カメラの軸方向に移動させることで、１つのカメラの視野に基準ケージとバイトを収めることができる。これにより、外径の小さいチャックを使用する場合でも、基準ケージをチャックから大きく突出させる必要がなくなり、基準ケージが他の構成要素と干渉する危険性を大幅に低下させることができる共に、基準ケージがチャックと一体に高速回転することによる風切り騒音を大幅に低減させることができ、また、基準ケージによる切粉の巻き込みの問題も解消できる。   According to another aspect of the present invention, the optical system of the camera may be moved in the axial direction of the camera corresponding to the outer diameter of the chuck. In this way, even if the chuck is replaced with a chuck having a different outer diameter, the reference cage can be placed in the field of view of one camera by moving the camera optical system in the axial direction of the camera according to the outer diameter of the chuck. And can hold bytes. This eliminates the need for the reference cage to protrude greatly from the chuck even when using a chuck with a small outer diameter, greatly reducing the risk of the reference cage interfering with other components. However, it is possible to significantly reduce wind noise caused by rotating at high speed integrally with the chuck, and also to solve the problem of chips entrained by the reference cage.

また、請求項８のように、画像処理システムの画像処理結果に基づいてバイトの欠損又は磨耗量が許容範囲を越えていると判断されるときに作業者に警告し及び／又はフェールセーフ処置するようにすると良い。このようにすれば、欠損又は磨耗量が許容範囲を越えたバイトを使い続けて加工不良品を製造し続けることを未然に防止できる。   According to another aspect of the present invention, when it is determined that the missing or worn amount of the bite exceeds the allowable range based on the image processing result of the image processing system, the worker is warned and / or fail-safe treatment is performed. It is good to do so. In this way, it is possible to prevent the production of defective products by continuing to use a tool whose chipping or wear amount exceeds the allowable range.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を具体化した幾つかの実施例を説明する。   Several embodiments embodying the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below.

本発明を２軸正面旋盤に適用した実施例１を図１乃至図８に基づいて説明する。
まず、図１及び図２に基づいて旋盤全体の構成を概略的に説明する。
ここで、図１は２軸正面旋盤の主要部の構成を示す上面図、図２は２軸正面旋盤の主要部の構成を示す正面図である。 A first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a two-axis front lathe will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, the overall configuration of the lathe will be schematically described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
Here, FIG. 1 is a top view showing the configuration of the main part of the 2-axis front lathe, and FIG. 2 is a front view showing the configuration of the main part of the 2-axis front lathe.

図１に示すように、２本の主軸１１が左右に位置して水平に且つ平行に延びるように設けられ、各主軸１１の前端部にワーク保持用のチャック１２が設けられている。左右の主軸１１の左側位置と右側位置に、それぞれターレット１３が各主軸１１の軸線と平行に配置されている。各ターレット１３は、それぞれ駆動装置１４によって前後方向に移動可能且つ当該ターレット１３の軸心の回りを回転可能に構成されている。各ターレット１３の外周部には、各種のバイト（例えば内径加工用のバイト１５、外径加工用のバイト１６等）が保持され、各ターレット１３を回転させることで、ワークの切削加工に用いるバイトを選択するようになっている。   As shown in FIG. 1, two main shafts 11 are provided on the left and right so as to extend horizontally and in parallel, and a chuck 12 for holding a workpiece is provided at the front end of each main shaft 11. Turrets 13 are arranged in parallel to the axis of each main shaft 11 at the left and right positions of the left and right main shafts 11, respectively. Each turret 13 is configured to be movable in the front-rear direction by the driving device 14 and to be rotatable around the axis of the turret 13. Various bites (for example, an inner diameter machining bit 15, an outer diameter machining bit 16, etc.) are held on the outer peripheral portion of each turret 13. By rotating each turret 13, a bit used for cutting a workpiece. Is supposed to be selected.

図２に示すように、旋盤の切削加工室２１の天井部には、各ターレット１３と各チャック１２との間の真上に位置して２台のカメラ２２が下向きに設けられている。各カメラ２２のレンズ２９側には、防護ガラス２３、シャッタ装置及びワイパー装置２５が設けられている。カメラ２２を使用するときには、シャッタ装置を開放してカメラ２２の光路を開放し、カメラ２２を使用しないときには、シャッタ装置を閉鎖して防護ガラス２３の下面をカバーして、切削加工時に飛散する切粉、油塵等から保護する。ワイパー装置２５は、防護ガラス２３の下面に付着した切粉、油塵等の汚れを拭い取る。   As shown in FIG. 2, two cameras 22 are provided on the ceiling portion of the lathe cutting chamber 21 so as to be positioned directly above each turret 13 and each chuck 12. A protective glass 23, a shutter device, and a wiper device 25 are provided on the lens 29 side of each camera 22. When using the camera 22, the shutter device is opened to open the optical path of the camera 22, and when the camera 22 is not used, the shutter device is closed to cover the lower surface of the protective glass 23 so as to be scattered during cutting. Protect from dust, oil dust, etc. The wiper device 25 wipes off dirt such as chips and oil adhering to the lower surface of the protective glass 23.

切削加工室２１の底面部は、左右両側から中央部のチップコンベア２６に向かって下り傾斜するように形成され、切削加工室２１の底面部のうちの各カメラ２２の真下の位置には、強化ガラス２７を介して照明用の光源２８が設けられている。切削加工室２１の底面部の左右両側には、切削加工室２１の底面部や強化ガラス２７上に落ちた切粉、油塵等をチップコンベア２６上に流し落とすためのクーラント噴出部３０が設けられている。   The bottom surface portion of the cutting chamber 21 is formed so as to incline downward from the left and right sides toward the chip conveyor 26 in the center portion, and is strengthened at a position directly below each camera 22 in the bottom surface portion of the cutting chamber 21. A light source 28 for illumination is provided through the glass 27. On both the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the cutting chamber 21, there are provided coolant jetting portions 30 for allowing chips, oil dust, and the like that have fallen on the bottom surface of the cutting chamber 21 and the tempered glass 27 to flow onto the chip conveyor 26. It has been.

各チャック１２の外周部には、各カメラ２２及びレンズ２９の位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージ３１，３２が外径方向に突出するように取り付けられている。各基準ゲージ３１，３２は、バイトの種類（例えば内径加工用のバイト１５、外径加工用のバイト１６等）に応じて異なる形状に形成されている。   Reference gauges 31 and 32 for measuring the position error of each camera 22 and lens 29 are attached to the outer peripheral portion of each chuck 12 so as to protrude in the outer diameter direction. Each of the reference gauges 31 and 32 is formed in a different shape according to the type of the cutting tool (for example, the cutting tool 15 for inner diameter processing, the cutting tool 16 for outer diameter processing, etc.).

例えば、図３、図４は、刃先１５ａの向きが異なる内径加工用のバイト１５と基準ゲージ３１との関係を示し、図５、図６は、刃先１６ａの向きが異なる外径加工用のバイト１６と基準ゲージ３２との関係を示している。いずれの種類のバイト１５，１６を使用する場合でも、基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａとバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａとがそれぞれ１つずつカメラ２２の視野３３に収まるように基準ゲージ３１，３２が形成されている。   For example, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the relationship between the inner diameter machining tool 15 and the reference gauge 31 in which the direction of the cutting edge 15a is different, and FIGS. 5 and 6 show the outer diameter machining tool in which the direction of the cutting edge 16a is different. 16 and the reference gauge 32 are shown. Regardless of which type of cutting tool 15 or 16 is used, the reference mark portions 31a and 32a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 each fit in the field of view 33 of the camera 22 one by one. Reference gauges 31 and 32 are formed.

基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａとバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａとをそれぞれ１つずつカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像する場合は、図７、図８に示すように、基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａとバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａの上面の高さを同一高さとする。この際、基準ゲージ３１，３２とバイト１５，１６との干渉事故を避けるために、まず、基準ゲージ３１，３２を図７、図８に二点鎖線で示す退避位置に位置させた状態で、バイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａをカメラ２２の視野３３内に移動させて、カメラ２２でバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａのみを撮像して刃先１５ａ，１６ａの位置が基準ゲージ３１，３２と干渉しない位置であることを確認した後、チャック１２を所定角度回転させて基準ゲージ３１，３２を図７、図８に実線で示す撮像位置に移動させて基準ゲージ３１，３２の上面の高さをバイト１５，１６の上面の高さと一致させた状態で、基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａとバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａとをそれぞれ１つずつカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像するようにすると良い。   When the reference mark portions 31a and 32a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 are stored one by one in the visual field 33 of the camera 22, respectively, as shown in FIGS. The heights of the upper surfaces of the reference mark portions 31a and 32a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 are set to the same height. At this time, in order to avoid an interference accident between the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the cutting tools 15 and 16, first, the reference gauges 31 and 32 are positioned at the retracted positions indicated by the two-dot chain lines in FIGS. The cutting edges 15a, 16a of the cutting tools 15, 16 are moved into the visual field 33 of the camera 22, and only the cutting edges 15a, 16a of the cutting tools 15, 16 are imaged by the camera 22, and the positions of the cutting edges 15a, 16a are set to the reference gauges 31, 32. After confirming that the position does not interfere with the position, the chuck 12 is rotated by a predetermined angle, and the reference gauges 31 and 32 are moved to the imaging positions indicated by solid lines in FIGS. The reference mark portions 31a and 32a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the blade edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 are each one camera in a state where the height matches the height of the upper surface of the cutting tools 15 and 16. May so as to imaging housed in a field of view 33 of 22.

以上のように構成した旋盤の制御装置（図示せず）は、基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａとバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａとをそれぞれ１つずつカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて加工位置を補正する加工位置補正手段としての役割を果たす。更に、旋盤の制御装置は、上記画像処理結果に基づいてバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａの欠損及び／又は磨耗量を検査し、その検査結果に基づいて刃先１５ａ，１６ａの欠損又は磨耗量が許容範囲を越えていると判断されるときに、表示装置（図示せず）に警告表示したり、或は、警告音発生装置又は音声発生装置（図示せず）を作動させて警告音又は警告音声を発生させたりして作業者に警告してバイト交換を促すと共に、適宜のフェールセーフ処置（例えばバイトが交換されるまで切削加工運転禁止等）を実施する。   The lathe control device (not shown) configured as described above includes a visual field 33 of the camera 22 for each of the reference mark portions 31a and 32a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 one by one. It functions as a processing position correction unit that corrects a processing position based on a result of the image processing. Further, the lathe control device inspects the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 on the basis of the image processing result, and / or the amount of wear, and based on the inspection results, the cutting edges 15a and 16a are missing or worn. Is judged to exceed the allowable range, a warning is displayed on a display device (not shown), or a warning sound generator or a sound generator (not shown) is activated to generate a warning sound or A warning sound is generated to warn the operator to prompt a tool replacement, and an appropriate fail-safe measure (for example, cutting operation prohibition until the tool is replaced) is performed.

以上説明した本実施例１では、カメラ２２及びレンズ２９の位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージ３１，３２を、ワークを保持するチャック１２に取り付けたので、基準ゲージ３１，３２の基準マーク部３１ａ，３２ａの位置を基準にしてワーク（チャック１２）に対するバイト１５，１６の摩耗量や変位量を精度良く測定して加工位置を精度良く補正することができ、ワークの加工精度を向上させることができる。しかも、基準ゲージ３１，３２をチャック１２に取り付けるだけの簡単な構成であるため、構成が簡単で、低コスト化できると共に、基準ゲージ３１，３２を切削加工室２１内に出し入れする構成とは異なり、移動時のガタがなくなり、その分、画像認識精度を高めることができる。更に、カメラ２２に対する基準ゲージ３１，３２とバイト１５，１６の高さを同じ高さにすることができるため、被写界深度が狭くても画像処理精度を確保することが可能となり、安価な光学系で高い認識精度を得ることができる。   In the first embodiment described above, since the reference gauges 31 and 32 for measuring the position errors of the camera 22 and the lens 29 are attached to the chuck 12 that holds the workpiece, the reference mark portion 31a of the reference gauges 31 and 32 is used. , 32a with respect to the position of the workpiece (chuck 12) with respect to the position of the workpiece (chuck 12), it is possible to accurately measure the amount of wear and displacement of the cutting tool 15 and 16 to correct the machining position, thereby improving the workpiece machining accuracy. it can. In addition, since the reference gauges 31 and 32 are simply configured to be attached to the chuck 12, the configuration is simple and the cost can be reduced. Unlike the configuration in which the reference gauges 31 and 32 are taken in and out of the cutting chamber 21. The backlash at the time of movement is eliminated, and the image recognition accuracy can be increased accordingly. In addition, since the reference gauges 31 and 32 and the tools 15 and 16 can be set to the same height with respect to the camera 22, it is possible to ensure image processing accuracy even when the depth of field is narrow, which is inexpensive. High recognition accuracy can be obtained with an optical system.

尚、本実施例１では、基準ゲージ３１，３２をチャック１２に取り付けるようにしたが、基準ゲージ３１，３２をチャック取付面板に取り付けるようにしても良い。
また、基準ゲージ３１，３２の数も、２個に限定されず、１個のみ、又は３個以上取り付けるようにしても良い。 In the first embodiment, the reference gauges 31 and 32 are attached to the chuck 12. However, the reference gauges 31 and 32 may be attached to the chuck attachment face plate.
Further, the number of reference gauges 31 and 32 is not limited to two, but only one or three or more may be attached.

次に、図９乃至図１１を用いて、本発明の実施例２を説明する。但し、上記実施例１と実質的に同一部分については同一符号を付して説明を省略又は簡略化し、主として異なる部分について説明する。   Next, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, substantially the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted or simplified, and different parts are mainly described.

本実施例２では、基準ゲージ３１，３２をチャック１２（又はチャック取付面板）に取り付けた２軸正面旋盤において、ターレット１３の所定位置にターレットゲージ３５を取り付けた構成としている。ターレットゲージ３５は、旋盤のボールネジ（例えばＸ軸、Ｙ軸）を含むＮＣテーブルと旋盤本体との熱膨張・収縮の度合いを測定するためのゲージである。   In the second embodiment, a turret gauge 35 is attached to a predetermined position of the turret 13 in a biaxial front lathe in which the reference gauges 31 and 32 are attached to the chuck 12 (or chuck attachment face plate). The turret gauge 35 is a gauge for measuring the degree of thermal expansion / contraction between the NC table including a lathe ball screw (for example, X axis and Y axis) and the lathe body.

このターレットゲージ３５は、旋盤を構成する金属と比較して常温付近で熱膨張率が小さい材料（例えばインバー：不変鋼）を用いて、例えば直角三角形状に形成され、その２つの頂点部にそれぞれＸ方向、Ｚ方向の測定の基点となるゲージＡ，Ｂが一体に形成されている。図１１に示すように、各ゲージＡ，Ｂには、それぞれ直角のエッジが形成され、各ゲージＡ，ＢのＸ方向のエッジの間隔がＸ方向の基準寸法Ｘo となり、Ｚ方向のエッジの間隔がＺ方向の基準寸法Ｚo となる。ターレットゲージ３５の製作時に、これらの基準寸法Ｘo ，Ｚo が要求精度（例えば±１μｍ）を満たすようにターレットゲージ３５が加工されている。   The turret gauge 35 is formed, for example, in the shape of a right triangle using a material (for example, invar: invariant steel) whose thermal expansion coefficient is small near room temperature as compared with the metal constituting the lathe, and each of the two apexes is formed at the two apexes. Gauges A and B, which are measurement base points in the X direction and the Z direction, are integrally formed. As shown in FIG. 11, each gauge A, B has a right-angled edge, and the distance between the edges in the X direction of each gauge A, B becomes the reference dimension Xo in the X direction, and the distance between the edges in the Z direction. Becomes the reference dimension Zo in the Z direction. When the turret gauge 35 is manufactured, the turret gauge 35 is processed so that these reference dimensions Xo and Zo satisfy the required accuracy (for example, ± 1 μm).

このターレットゲージ３５をターレット１３に取り付ける際に、一方のゲージＡの近傍の１点のみでターレットゲージ３５をターレット１３に支持させ、他方のゲージＢ側については、軽くガイドする程度にとどめて、固定してしまわないようにする。このようにする理由は、一方のゲージＡがＸ方向、Ｚ方向の測定の基点となるからであり、また、ターレットゲージ３５を複数箇所で固定すると、ターレット１３とターレットゲージ３５との間の熱膨張率の相違によりバイメタル効果が発生して、変形を生じてしまうためである。   When the turret gauge 35 is attached to the turret 13, the turret gauge 35 is supported by the turret 13 at only one point in the vicinity of one of the gauges A, and the other gauge B side is fixed only by being lightly guided. Don't let it go. The reason for this is that one of the gauges A serves as a base point for measurement in the X and Z directions, and when the turret gauge 35 is fixed at a plurality of locations, the heat between the turret 13 and the turret gauge 35 This is because the bimetal effect occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficient, causing deformation.

旋盤運転中の切削時（サイクルスティール時）に、一方のゲージＡを外径加工バイト用の基準ケージ３２と同じカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像して画像処理して、基準ゲージ３２の基準マークを基準にして、ゲージＡの位置を画像認識した後、ゲージＡ，Ｂ間の間隔（基準寸法Ｘo ，Ｚo ）相当分のモータ指令値でサーボモータ（図示せず）を駆動してターレット１３を移動させて他方のゲージＢを基準ケージ３２と同じカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像して画像処理して、基準ゲージ３２の基準マークを基準にしてゲージＢの位置を画像認識する。この後、一方のゲージＡを基準として、２つのゲージＡ，Ｂ間の間隔相当分のモータ指令値による移動距離を測定して、その測定値と本来のゲージＡ，Ｂ間の距離との差分値を旋盤の熱膨張・収縮による変化量とみなして、ゲージＡ，Ｂ間の位置とその外側の位置を線形補間して加工位置（サーボ位置）にフィードバックする。   At the time of cutting during lathe operation (cycle steal), one gauge A is stored in the same field of view 33 of the camera 22 as the reference cage 32 for outer diameter machining tools, and is imaged and image-processed. After recognizing the position of the gauge A with reference to the mark, a turret 13 is driven by driving a servo motor (not shown) with a motor command value corresponding to the distance between the gauges A and B (reference dimensions Xo and Zo). The other gauge B is placed in the same field of view 33 of the camera 22 as that of the reference cage 32 and imaged for image processing, and the position of the gauge B is image-recognized using the reference mark of the reference gauge 32 as a reference. Thereafter, the movement distance by the motor command value corresponding to the interval between the two gauges A and B is measured with one gauge A as a reference, and the difference between the measured value and the original distance between the gauges A and B is measured. The value is regarded as the amount of change due to the thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe, and the position between the gauges A and B and the position outside thereof are linearly interpolated and fed back to the machining position (servo position).

以上説明した本実施例２では、ターレット１３の所定位置にターレットゲージ３５を取り付けて、旋盤運転中の非切削時に、一方のゲージＡを外径加工バイト用の基準ケージ３２と同じカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像して画像処理した後、ターレット１３を移動させて他方のゲージＢを基準ケージ３２と同じカメラ２２の視野３３に収めて撮像して画像処理して、これらの画像処理結果から２つのケージＡ，Ｂの位置を基準にして旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いを算出して加工位置を補正するようにしたので、旋盤運転中に旋盤の熱膨張・収縮により加工位置が変位しても、その加工位置の変位を精度良く補正することができ、ワークの加工精度を向上させることができる。   In the second embodiment described above, the turret gauge 35 is attached to a predetermined position of the turret 13, and one of the gauges A is the same as the reference cage 32 for the outer diameter machining tool when the lathe is not operated. 33, the turret 13 is moved, the other gauge B is stored in the same field of view 33 of the camera 22 as that of the reference cage 32, and the image is processed and image processing is performed. The machining position is corrected by calculating the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe based on the positions of the two cages A and B, so the machining position is displaced by the thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe during lathe operation. However, the displacement of the machining position can be corrected with high accuracy, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.

しかも、本実施例２では、ターレットゲージ３５を、旋盤を構成する金属と比較して熱膨張率が小さい材料により形成すると共に、Ｘ方向、Ｚ方向の測定の基点となるゲージＡ，Ｂを一体に形成したので、測定の基点となる２つのケージＡ，Ｂの位置精度を高めることができて、旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いの算出精度を高めることができる。   Moreover, in the second embodiment, the turret gauge 35 is formed of a material having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the metal constituting the lathe, and the gauges A and B serving as the measurement base points in the X and Z directions are integrated. Therefore, the positional accuracy of the two cages A and B serving as the measurement base points can be increased, and the calculation accuracy of the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe can be increased.

次に、図１２乃至図１４を用いて、本発明の実施例３を説明する。但し、上記実施例２と実質的に同一部分については同一符号を付して説明を省略又は簡略化し、主として異なる部分について説明する。   Next, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, substantially the same parts as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted or simplified, and different parts are mainly described.

本実施例３は、本発明を短軸旋盤に適用した実施例である。短軸旋盤では、基準ゲージ３１，３２をチャック１２（又はチャック取付面板）に取り付けると共に、ターレット４３のバイト保持用の１つのポジションにターレットゲージ４５を取り付けている。   The third embodiment is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a short-axis lathe. In the short-axis lathe, the reference gauges 31 and 32 are attached to the chuck 12 (or the chuck attachment face plate), and the turret gauge 45 is attached to one position for holding the cutting tool of the turret 43.

上記実施例２と同様に、ターレットゲージ４５は、旋盤を構成する金属と比較して常温付近で熱膨張率が小さい材料（例えばインバー：不変鋼）を用いて、例えば直角三角形状に形成され、その２つの頂点部にそれぞれＸ方向、Ｚ方向の測定の基点となるゲージＡ，Ｂが一体に形成されている。図１４に示すように、各ゲージＡ，Ｂには、それぞれ直角のエッジが形成され、各ゲージＡ，ＢのＸ方向のエッジの間隔がＸ方向の基準寸法Ｘo となり、Ｚ方向のエッジの間隔がＺ方向の基準寸法Ｚo となる。ターレットゲージ４５の製作時に、これらの基準寸法Ｘo ，Ｚo が要求精度（例えば±１μｍ）を満たすようにターレットゲージ４５が加工されている。   Similar to Example 2, the turret gauge 45 is formed, for example, in the shape of a right triangle using a material (for example, invar: invariant steel) having a low thermal expansion coefficient near room temperature as compared with the metal constituting the lathe, Gauges A and B, which are base points for measurement in the X direction and Z direction, are integrally formed at the two apex portions, respectively. As shown in FIG. 14, each gauge A and B has a right-angled edge, and the distance between the edges in the X direction of each gauge A and B becomes the reference dimension Xo in the X direction, and the distance between the edges in the Z direction. Becomes the reference dimension Zo in the Z direction. When the turret gauge 45 is manufactured, the turret gauge 45 is processed so that these reference dimensions Xo and Zo satisfy the required accuracy (for example, ± 1 μm).

このターレットゲージ４５をターレット４３に取り付ける際に、一方のゲージＡの近傍の１点のみでターレットゲージ４５をターレット４３に支持させ、他方のゲージＢ側については、軽くガイドする程度にとどめて、固定してしまわないようにする。
本実施例３の短軸旋盤においても、前記実施例２と同様の方法で、旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いを算出して加工位置を補正すれば良い。 When attaching the turret gauge 45 to the turret 43, the turret gauge 45 is supported by the turret 43 only at one point in the vicinity of one of the gauges A, and the other gauge B side is fixed only by being lightly guided. Don't let it go.
Also in the short-axis lathe according to the third embodiment, the machining position may be corrected by calculating the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe in the same manner as in the second embodiment.

尚、実施例１〜３において、バイト（刃物）を交換（段取り替え）する度に画像処理して加工位置を補正しても良いし、或は、バイト（刃物）を工程の変更で割り出す度に画像処理して加工位置を補正しても良い。   In the first to third embodiments, the processing position may be corrected by image processing every time the cutting tool (cutting tool) is replaced (set-up), or each time the cutting tool (cutting tool) is determined by changing the process. Alternatively, the processing position may be corrected by image processing.

次に、図１５乃至図１７を用いて、本発明の実施例４を説明する。但し、前記実施例１と実質的に同一部分については同一符号を付して説明を省略又は簡略化し、主として異なる部分について説明する。   Next, Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, substantially the same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted or simplified, and different parts are mainly described.

本実施例４は、本発明を２軸正面旋盤に適用した実施例である。本実施例４では、チャック１２の外周部に基準ゲージ５３を設けているが、この基準ゲージ５３は、チャック１２からの突出量が前記実施例１の基準ゲージ３１，３２よりも小さく、且つ、内径加工バイト１５と外径加工バイト１６の両方に共通して使用する基準ケージとなっている。   The fourth embodiment is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a two-axis front lathe. In the fourth embodiment, the reference gauge 53 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the chuck 12. The reference gauge 53 is smaller in the protruding amount from the chuck 12 than the reference gauges 31 and 32 of the first embodiment, and This is a reference cage used in common for both the inner diameter machining tool 15 and the outer diameter machining tool 16.

更に、カメラ５２の視野を２つの視野３３ａ，３３ｂに分割して両視野３３ａ，３３ｂの間隔を広げるようにカメラ５２の光学系を２つの光学系で構成し、分割した一方の視野３３ａで基準ゲージ５３の基準マーク部を撮像し、他方の視野３３ｂで内径加工用又は外径加工用のバイト１５，１６の刃先１５ａ，１６ａを撮像するようにしている。２つの光学系は、カメラ５２と撮像対象物（基準ゲージ５３とバイト１５，１６）との間の光路がミラー５４，５５によって直角に屈曲され、一方の光学系には、他方の光学系の焦点と合わせるための焦点合わせレンズ５６が設けられている。尚、両方の光学系にそれぞれ焦点合わせレンズを設けても良い。   Further, the optical system of the camera 52 is composed of two optical systems so that the field of view of the camera 52 is divided into two fields of view 33a and 33b and the distance between the fields of view 33a and 33b is widened. The reference mark portion of the gauge 53 is imaged, and the cutting edges 15a and 16a of the cutting tools 15 and 16 for inner diameter processing or outer diameter processing are imaged with the other visual field 33b. In the two optical systems, the optical path between the camera 52 and the object to be imaged (reference gauge 53 and bite 15 and 16) is bent at a right angle by mirrors 54 and 55, and one optical system includes the other optical system. A focusing lens 56 is provided for focusing. A focusing lens may be provided for both optical systems.

カメラ５２とレンズ５７とミラー５４，５５は、角筒状のカメラケース５８内に収納され、当該カメラケース５８のうちのミラー５４，５５の下方側の撮像用開口部に防護ガラス５９が装着されている。この防護ガラス５９には、前記実施例１と同様のシャッタ装置やワイパー装置を設けるようにしても良い。カメラケース５８には、カメラ５２の光軸と平行に延びる長孔６０を有する取付板６１が設けられ、この長孔６０によってカメラケース５８の取付位置をカメラ５２の軸方向に調整可能となっている。これにより、チャック１２の外径に対応してカメラ５２の光学系を当該カメラ５２の軸方向に移動させるように構成されている。この移動機構は、チャック１２の外径に対応してモータ等によってカメラ５２の光学系を当該カメラ５２の軸方向に自動的に移動させるようにしても良いし、作業者が手動でカメラ５２の光学系を当該カメラ５２の軸方向に移動させるようにしても良い。   The camera 52, the lens 57, and the mirrors 54 and 55 are housed in a rectangular tube-like camera case 58, and a protective glass 59 is attached to the imaging opening on the lower side of the mirrors 54 and 55 in the camera case 58. ing. The protective glass 59 may be provided with the same shutter device and wiper device as in the first embodiment. The camera case 58 is provided with a mounting plate 61 having a long hole 60 extending in parallel with the optical axis of the camera 52, and the mounting position of the camera case 58 can be adjusted in the axial direction of the camera 52 by the long hole 60. Yes. Thus, the optical system of the camera 52 is configured to move in the axial direction of the camera 52 in accordance with the outer diameter of the chuck 12. This moving mechanism may automatically move the optical system of the camera 52 in the axial direction of the camera 52 by a motor or the like corresponding to the outer diameter of the chuck 12, or the operator manually moves the camera 52. The optical system may be moved in the axial direction of the camera 52.

以上説明した本実施例４によれば、カメラ５２の視野を２つの視野３３ａ，３３ｂに分割して両視野３３ａ，３３ｂの間隔を広げるようにカメラ５２の光学系を２つの光学系で構成したので、基準ケージ５３とバイト１５，１６との間隔が離れていても、１台のカメラ５２の視野３３ａ，３３ｂに基準ケージ５３とバイト１５，１６を収めて撮像することができ、例えばカメラ５２の画素数を増加させて視野を拡大する場合と比較して、画素数の少ない安価なカメラ５２で、実質的に広い視野を実現することができる。また、基準ケージ５３とバイト１５，１６との間隔が離れていても、１台のカメラ５２の視野３３ａ，３３ｂに基準ケージ５３とバイト１５，１６を収めることができるため、外径加工バイト用基準ケージと内径加工バイト用基準ケージを共通化することができ、１つの基準ケージ５３で内径加工バイト１５と外径加工バイト１６の両方に対応できる。また、基準ケージ５３がチャック１２から突出する寸法を小さくすることができて、基準ケージ５３が他の構成要素と干渉する危険性を大幅に低下させることができる共に、基準ケージ５３がチャック１２と一体に高速回転することによる風切り騒音を大幅に低減させることができ、また、基準ケージ５３による切粉の巻き込みの問題も解消できる。しかも、基準ケージ５３を小型化できるため、チャック１２に大きなカウンタバランスウエイトを設ける必要がなくなる。   According to the fourth embodiment described above, the optical system of the camera 52 is configured by two optical systems so as to divide the field of view of the camera 52 into two fields of view 33a and 33b and widen the distance between the fields of view 33a and 33b. Therefore, even if the distance between the reference cage 53 and the cutting tools 15 and 16 is separated, the reference cage 53 and the cutting tools 15 and 16 can be stored in the fields of view 33a and 33b of one camera 52, for example, the camera 52 Compared with the case of expanding the field of view by increasing the number of pixels, a substantially wide field of view can be realized with the inexpensive camera 52 having a small number of pixels. Further, even if the distance between the reference cage 53 and the cutting tools 15 and 16 is separated, the reference cage 53 and the cutting tools 15 and 16 can be accommodated in the visual fields 33a and 33b of one camera 52. The reference cage and the reference cage for the inner diameter machining bit can be made common, and the one inner diameter machining bit 15 and the outer diameter machining bit 16 can be handled by one reference cage 53. Further, the size of the reference cage 53 protruding from the chuck 12 can be reduced, and the risk of the reference cage 53 interfering with other components can be greatly reduced. Wind cutting noise due to high-speed rotation integrally can be greatly reduced, and the problem of chip entrapment by the reference cage 53 can be solved. In addition, since the reference cage 53 can be reduced in size, it is not necessary to provide a large counterbalance weight in the chuck 12.

また、本実施例４では、チャック１２の外径に対応してカメラ５２の光学系を当該カメラ５２の軸方向に移動させるように構成したので、チャック１２を外径の異なるチャックに付け替えても、そのチャック１２の外径に合わせてカメラ５２の光学系を当該カメラ５２の軸方向に移動させることで、１台のカメラ５２の視野３３ａ，３３ｂに基準ケージ５３とバイト１５，１６を収めることができる。これにより、外径の小さいチャック１２を使用する場合でも、基準ケージ５３をチャック１２から大きく突出させる必要がなくなり、基準ケージ５３が他の構成要素と干渉する危険性を大幅に低下させることができる共に、基準ケージ５３がチャック１２と一体に高速回転することによる風切り騒音を大幅に低減させることができ、また、基準ケージ５３による切粉の巻き込みの問題も解消できる。   In the fourth embodiment, since the optical system of the camera 52 is moved in the axial direction of the camera 52 corresponding to the outer diameter of the chuck 12, the chuck 12 can be replaced with a chuck having a different outer diameter. By moving the optical system of the camera 52 in the axial direction of the camera 52 in accordance with the outer diameter of the chuck 12, the reference cage 53 and the bite 15 and 16 are accommodated in the visual fields 33a and 33b of one camera 52. Can do. Accordingly, even when the chuck 12 having a small outer diameter is used, it is not necessary to make the reference cage 53 protrude greatly from the chuck 12, and the risk of the reference cage 53 interfering with other components can be greatly reduced. In both cases, wind noise caused by the reference cage 53 rotating at a high speed integrally with the chuck 12 can be greatly reduced, and the problem of chips being caught by the reference cage 53 can be solved.

尚、本発明の適用範囲は、各実施例１〜４で説明した２軸正面旋盤や短軸旋盤に限定されず、種々のタイプの旋盤に本発明を適用して実施できる。   The scope of application of the present invention is not limited to the two-axis front lathe and the short-axis lathe described in the first to fourth embodiments, and the present invention can be applied to various types of lathes.

本発明の実施例１の２軸正面旋盤の主要部の構成を示す上面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of the principal part of the biaxial front lathe of Example 1 of this invention. ２軸正面旋盤の主要部の構成を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the structure of the principal part of a 2-axis front lathe. 刃先が下向きの内径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとの関係を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view which shows the relationship between the bit for an internal diameter process with a blade edge | side downward, and a reference | standard gauge. 刃先が上向きの内径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとの関係を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view which shows the relationship between the cutting tool for internal diameter processing with the blade edge facing upward, and a reference gauge. 刃先が上向きの外径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとの関係を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view showing the relationship between the cutting tool for cutting the outer diameter with the cutting edge facing upward and the reference gauge. 刃先が下向きの外径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとの関係を示す拡大図である。It is an enlarged view which shows the relationship between the cutting tool with the cutting edge facing downward and the reference gauge. 内径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとをカメラ視野に収めて撮像する時の位置関係を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the positional relationship at the time of accommodating the cutting tool for internal diameter processing, and a reference gauge in a camera visual field. 外径加工用のバイトと基準ゲージとをカメラ視野に収めて撮像する時の位置関係を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the positional relationship at the time of accommodating the bit for outer diameter processing, and a reference gauge in a camera visual field. 実施例２のターレットゲージの取付位置とその使用方法を説明する上面図である（その１）。It is a top view explaining the attachment position of the turret gauge of Example 2, and the usage method (the 1). 実施例２のターレットゲージの取付位置とその使用方法を説明する上面図である（その２）。It is a top view explaining the attachment position of the turret gauge of Example 2, and the usage method (the 2). 実施例２のターレットゲージを説明する正面図である。It is a front view explaining the turret gauge of Example 2. 実施例３のターレットゲージの取付位置とその使用方法を説明する上面図である（その１）。It is a top view explaining the attachment position of the turret gauge of Example 3, and the usage method (the 1). 実施例３のターレットゲージの取付位置とその使用方法を説明する上面図である（その２）。It is a top view explaining the attachment position of the turret gauge of Example 3, and the usage method (the 2). 実施例３のターレットゲージを説明する正面図である。6 is a front view illustrating a turret gauge of Example 3. FIG. 実施例４の２軸正面旋盤の主要部の構成を示す正面図である。FIG. 6 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a main part of a two-axis front lathe according to a fourth embodiment. 実施例４のカメラの光学系の構成を説明する正面図である。FIG. 6 is a front view illustrating the configuration of an optical system of a camera of Example 4. 実施例４のカメラの視野の分割状態を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the division | segmentation state of the visual field of the camera of Example 4. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１…主軸、１２…チャック、１３…ターレット、１５…内径加工用のバイト、１５ａ…刃先、１６…外径加工用のバイト、１６ａ…刃先、２１…切削加工室、２２…カメラ、２３…防護ガラス、２５…ワイパー装置、２６…チップコンベア、２７…強化ガラス、２８…照明用の光源、２９…レンズ、３１，３２…基準ゲージ、３１ａ，３２ａ…基準マーク部、３３，３３ａ，３３ｂ…視野、３５，４５…ターレットゲージ、５２…カメラ、５３…基準ゲージ、５４，５５…ミラー、５６…焦点合わせレンズ、５７…レンズ、５８…カメラケース、５９…防護ガラス、６０…長孔、６１…取付板   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Main shaft, 12 ... Chuck, 13 ... Turret, 15 ... Cutting tool for inner diameter, 15a ... Cutting edge, 16 ... Cutting tool for outer diameter, 16a ... Cutting edge, 21 ... Cutting chamber, 22 ... Camera, 23 ... Protection Glass, 25 ... Wiper device, 26 ... Chip conveyor, 27 ... Tempered glass, 28 ... Light source for illumination, 29 ... Lens, 31, 32 ... Reference gauge, 31a, 32a ... Reference mark part, 33, 33a, 33b ... Field of view 35, 45 ... Turret gauge, 52 ... Camera, 53 ... Reference gauge, 54, 55 ... Mirror, 56 ... Focusing lens, 57 ... Lens, 58 ... Camera case, 59 ... Protective glass, 60 ... Long hole, 61 ... Mounting plate

Claims (8)

カメラを用いてバイトの画像を取込んで画像処理し、当該バイトの欠損、磨耗量、機械全体の熱変位量の少なくとも１つを検査する画像処理システムを備えた旋盤の制御装置において、
前記カメラ及びレンズの位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージをワーク保持用のチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付け、
前記基準ゲージとバイトとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて加工位置を補正する加工位置補正手段を備えていることを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 In a lathe control apparatus equipped with an image processing system that captures an image of a tool using a camera, processes the image, and inspects at least one of a defect, wear amount, and thermal displacement of the entire machine,
A reference gauge for measuring the position error of the camera and the lens is attached to a workpiece holding chuck or a chuck mounting face plate,
An apparatus for controlling a lathe, comprising processing position correction means for capturing and processing the reference gauge and the bite in the same camera field of view and performing image processing, and correcting the processing position based on the image processing result. カメラを用いてバイトの画像を取込んで画像処理し、当該バイトの欠損、磨耗量、機械全体の熱変位量の少なくとも１つを検査する画像処理システムを備えた旋盤の制御装置において、
前記カメラ及びレンズの位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージをワーク保持用のチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付けると共に、ターレットの所定位置にターレットゲージを取り付け、
旋盤運転中の非切削時に前記ターレットゲージと前記基準ケージとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて現在のターレットゲージの位置と本来のターレットゲージの位置との差分値を旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いとして算出して加工位置を補正する加工位置補正手段を備えていることを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 In a lathe control apparatus equipped with an image processing system that captures an image of a tool using a camera, processes the image, and inspects at least one of a defect, wear amount, and thermal displacement of the entire machine,
A reference gauge for measuring the position error of the camera and the lens is attached to a chuck for holding a workpiece or a chuck mounting face plate, and a turret gauge is attached to a predetermined position of the turret.
At the time of non-cutting during lathe operation, the turret gauge and the reference cage are captured and imaged in the same camera field of view, and based on the image processing result, the current turret gauge position and the original turret gauge position A lathe control apparatus comprising machining position correction means for calculating a difference value between the two as a degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe and correcting the machining position. カメラを用いてバイトの画像を取込んで画像処理し、当該バイトの欠損、磨耗量、機械全体の熱変位量の少なくとも１つを検査する画像処理システムを備えた旋盤の制御装置において、
前記カメラ及びレンズの位置誤差を測定するための基準ゲージをワーク保持用のチャック又はチャック取付面板に取り付けると共に、ターレットの所定位置にターレットゲージを取り付け、
前記基準ゲージとバイトとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて加工位置を補正する第１の加工位置補正手段と、
旋盤運転中の非切削時に前記ターレットゲージと前記基準ケージとを同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理し、その画像処理結果に基づいて現在のターレットゲージの位置と本来のターレットゲージの位置との差分値を旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いとして算出して加工位置を補正する第２の加工位置補正手段と
を備えていることを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 In a lathe control apparatus equipped with an image processing system that captures an image of a tool using a camera, processes the image, and inspects at least one of a defect, wear amount, and thermal displacement of the entire machine,
A reference gauge for measuring the position error of the camera and the lens is attached to a chuck for holding a workpiece or a chuck mounting face plate, and a turret gauge is attached to a predetermined position of the turret.
First processing position correcting means for capturing and image-processing the reference gauge and the bite in the same camera field of view, and correcting the processing position based on the image processing result;
At the time of non-cutting during lathe operation, the turret gauge and the reference cage are captured and imaged in the same camera field of view, and based on the image processing result, the current turret gauge position and the original turret gauge position And a second machining position correction means for correcting the machining position by calculating a difference value between the two as a degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe. 請求項２又は３に記載の旋盤の制御装置において、
前記ターレットケージは、測定の基点となる２つのケージＡ，Ｂを備え、
旋盤運転中の非切削時に、一方のゲージＡを前記基準ケージと同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理した後、前記ケージＡ，Ｂ間の間隔相当分のモータ指令値で前記ターレットを移動させて他方のゲージＢを前記基準ケージと同じカメラ視野に収めて撮像して画像処理して、これらの画像処理結果に基づいて旋盤の熱膨張・収縮の度合いを算出する手段を備えていることを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 In the lathe control device according to claim 2 or 3,
The turret cage includes two cages A and B that serve as measurement base points.
During non-cutting during lathe operation, one gauge A is placed in the same camera field of view as the reference cage, imaged and processed, and then the turret is moved by a motor command value corresponding to the distance between the cages A and B The other gauge B is stored in the same camera field of view as the reference cage and is imaged and image processing is performed, and a means for calculating the degree of thermal expansion / contraction of the lathe based on these image processing results is provided. A lathe control device. 請求項４に記載の旋盤の制御装置において、
前記ターレットゲージは、旋盤を構成する金属と比較して熱膨張率が小さい材料で形成され、且つ、前記２つのケージＡ，Ｂが一体に形成されていることを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 In the lathe control device according to claim 4,
The turret gauge is formed of a material having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the metal constituting the lathe, and the two cages A and B are integrally formed. 請求項１乃至５のいずれかに記載の旋盤の制御装置において、
前記カメラの視野を分割して両視野の間隔を広げるように前記カメラの光学系を２つの光学系で構成したことを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 The lathe control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
An apparatus for controlling a lathe, wherein the optical system of the camera is configured by two optical systems so as to divide the field of view of the camera and widen the distance between both fields of view. 請求項６に記載の旋盤の制御装置において、
前記チャックの外径に対応して前記カメラの光学系を当該カメラの軸方向に移動させるように構成したことを特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 The lathe control device according to claim 6,
A lathe control apparatus configured to move an optical system of the camera in an axial direction of the camera in accordance with an outer diameter of the chuck. 請求項１乃至７のいずれかに記載の旋盤の制御装置において、
前記画像処理システムの画像処理結果に基づいてバイトの欠損又は磨耗量が許容範囲を越えていると判断されるときに作業者に警告し及び／又はフェールセーフ処置する手段を備えている特徴とする旋盤の制御装置。 The lathe control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
It is characterized by comprising means for warning the operator and / or fail-safe treatment when it is determined that the missing or worn amount of the bite exceeds the allowable range based on the image processing result of the image processing system. Lathe control device.
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CN112484661B (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-09-21 大连理工大学 Cutter wear three-dimensional shape in-situ detection method based on reversal shape method

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