JP2010082486A - Ultrafine grain burnt sand biological filter - Google Patents

Ultrafine grain burnt sand biological filter Download PDF

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JP2010082486A
JP2010082486A JP2008102012A JP2008102012A JP2010082486A JP 2010082486 A JP2010082486 A JP 2010082486A JP 2008102012 A JP2008102012 A JP 2008102012A JP 2008102012 A JP2008102012 A JP 2008102012A JP 2010082486 A JP2010082486 A JP 2010082486A
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filter
sand
sand layer
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baked
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JP5093896B2 (en
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Toyofumi Miyazaki
豊文 宮崎
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrafine grain burnt sand biological filter which can surely remove most of substances harmful to human body and arsenic components, which cannot be removed conventionally, in raw water collected from a river or underground in a series of purification operations. <P>SOLUTION: The ultrafine grain burnt sand biological filter comprises a filter sand layer 111 for treating the raw water with microorganisms and filtering foreign substances, a raw water supply portion 112 installed above the filter sand layer, a take-out port 113 of filtered water installed below the filter sand layer, a net filter 114 detachably supported above the filter sand layer in a filter tank and formed by supporting an adsorbent capable of adsorbing the arsenic components contained in the raw water on a net body 114A and fixing a frame 114B to the outer periphery of the net body, and a tube 114E installed outside the frame and expanding by a pressure fluid to seal between the frame and the inner side of the filter tank. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置に関し、特に河川や地下から採取した水（以下、「原水」という）を飲料水などに処理する際に、原水に溶け込んだヒ素成分及び人体への有害成分を確実に除去できるようにした装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device, and in particular, when water collected from rivers and underground (hereinafter referred to as “raw water”) is treated with drinking water, etc., arsenic components dissolved in the raw water and harmful to the human body The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of reliably removing components.

原水から飲料水を生成する方式には一般的に緩速濾過方式と急速濾過方式とが知られている。緩速濾過方式は原水を濾過砂層によって微生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過することによって浄化するという方式であり、本件発明者らは超微細粒焼砂を含む濾過砂層によって微生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過する超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置を開発し実用化するに至った。この超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置は塩素などの薬品を使用して処理する急速濾過方式に比して処理速度は遅いものの、薬品臭さが少ないという点で飲料用には優れている（特許文献１、特許文献２）。   Generally, a slow filtration method and a rapid filtration method are known as methods for generating drinking water from raw water. The slow filtration method is a method in which the raw water is microbially treated with a filtered sand layer and the contaminants are purified by filtering, and the present inventors perform microbial treatment with a filtered sand layer containing ultrafine baked sand and remove the contaminants. We have developed and put to practical use an ultrafine grained sand biological filter device for filtration. Although this ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device is slower in processing speed than the rapid filtration method that uses chemicals such as chlorine, it is excellent for beverages because it has less chemical odor (patented) Literature 1, Patent Literature 2).

ところで、飲み水の浄化処理をする前には夾雑物とともに、人体に有害な物質が溶け込み混ざり合っている。通常、この種の有害物質は物理的な細かい膜目を通して浄化することが行われているが、ヒ素成分の除去は難しい。ヒ素は様々な形態で土壌に存在し、飲料水がヒ素で汚染されると健康被害が懸念されることから、ヒ素を可能な限り除去することが求められる。例えば、水道法によるヒ素濃度の水質基準値は０．０１ｍｇ／ｌ以下である。従来、吸着によってヒ素成分を除去する方法（特許文献３）、酸化剤と凝集剤によってヒ素成分を凝集共沈させて除去する方法（特許文献４）、などが知られており、これらの方法を上述の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置に採用することが考えられる。   By the way, before purifying the drinking water, substances harmful to the human body are dissolved and mixed together with impurities. Normally, this type of harmful substance is purified through physical fine membranes, but it is difficult to remove the arsenic component. Arsenic exists in the soil in various forms, and if drinking water is contaminated with arsenic, there is a concern about health damage, so it is required to remove arsenic as much as possible. For example, the water quality standard value of the arsenic concentration by the water supply law is 0.01 mg / l or less. Conventionally, a method of removing an arsenic component by adsorption (Patent Document 3), a method of removing an arsenic component by coagulation co-precipitation with an oxidizing agent and a flocculant (Patent Document 4), and the like are known. It can be considered to employ the above-mentioned ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device.

特開平０７−３０８５１８号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-308518 特許第３４０６２５８号公報Japanese Patent No. 3406258 特表２００７−５０５７３６号公報Special table 2007-505736 gazette 特許第３５４６７９４号公報Japanese Patent No. 3546794

しかし、吸着法では吸着量が飽和する毎に、吸着材を交換する必要があるが、交換作業に時間がかかり、ヒ素を吸着除去する予備の設備がないとその間は飲料水の生成を休止する必要がある。   However, in the adsorption method, it is necessary to replace the adsorbent every time the adsorbed amount is saturated. However, it takes time to replace the adsorbent, and if there is no spare facility for adsorbing and removing arsenic, production of drinking water is suspended during that time. There is a need.

他方、凝集共沈法ではヒ素の量によっては多量の凝集剤を必要とし、しかもヒ素含有スラッジを沈澱させるのに時間がかかり、さらにはヒ素含有スラッジの処理が繁雑で手数を要する。従来の吸着法及び凝集共沈法のいずれの方法も超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置に適用することは難しい。   On the other hand, in the coagulation coprecipitation method, depending on the amount of arsenic, a large amount of aggregating agent is required, and it takes time to precipitate the arsenic-containing sludge. It is difficult to apply any of the conventional adsorption method and coagulation coprecipitation method to the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus.

本発明はかかる問題点に鑑み、ヒ素成分の除去を簡単にかつ確実に行うことができ、吸着量の飽和時に吸着材を迅速に交換できるようにした超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置を提供することを課題とする。   In view of such problems, the present invention provides an ultrafine baked sand biological filtration device that can easily and reliably remove an arsenic component and that can quickly replace an adsorbent when the amount of adsorption is saturated. This is the issue.

本発明に係る超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置は、濾過砂層によって原水を生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過するようにした超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置において、濾過槽内に設けられ、超微細粒の焼砂の層を有し、原水を微生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過する濾過砂層と、上記濾過砂層の上方に設けられ、原水を受入れて濾過砂層に原水を供給する原水供給部と、上記濾過砂層の下方に設けられ、濾過済み水を取り出す取出し口部と、上記濾過槽内の濾過砂層上方に着脱可能に保持され、原水に含有されたヒ素成分を吸着し得る吸着材をネット体に担持し該ネット体の外周にフレームを固定して構成されたネットフィルタと、該ネットフィルタのフレームの外側に設けられ、圧力流体によって膨出されて上記フレームと濾過槽内面との間をシールするチューブと、を備えたことを特徴とする。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to the present invention is an ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus in which raw water is biologically treated with a filtration sand layer and contaminants are filtered. A filtered sand layer that has a layer of baked sand and that is used to microbially treat the raw water and filter contaminants; and a raw water supply unit that is provided above the filtered sand layer and receives the raw water and supplies the raw water to the filtered sand layer; A net body is provided below the filtered sand layer, and is provided with a take-out port for taking out filtered water, and an adsorbent that is detachably held above the filtered sand layer in the filtration tank and can adsorb arsenic components contained in the raw water. And a net filter constructed by fixing a frame to the outer periphery of the net body, and provided outside the frame of the net filter, and is bulged by a pressure fluid between the frame and the inner surface of the filtration tank. Shi Characterized by comprising a tube for Le, the.

本発明の第１の特徴は原水を濾過砂層に供給する前に、吸着材を担持させたネット体を通過させ、原水に含まれるヒ素をネット体の吸着材に吸着させるようにした点にある。これにより、濾過槽内でヒ素の除去を行うことができる。   The first feature of the present invention is that the arsenic contained in the raw water is adsorbed to the adsorbent of the net body by passing the net body supporting the adsorbent before supplying the raw water to the filtered sand layer. . Thereby, arsenic can be removed in the filtration tank.

本発明の第２の特徴はネット体のフレーム外側にチューブを設けてこれに圧力流体を送り、膨出したチューブによってネット体のフレームと濾過槽の内面との間をシールするようにした点にある。   The second feature of the present invention is that a tube is provided outside the frame of the net body, pressure fluid is sent to the tube, and the bulged tube seals between the frame of the net body and the inner surface of the filtration tank. is there.

これにより、ヒ素成分を含んだ原水がネット体を通過せずに濾過砂層に供給されることはなく、ヒ素成分をより確実に除去することができる一方、吸着量が飽和したときにはチューブを収縮させると、ネットフィルタを濾過槽から簡単に取り出すことができ、ネットフィルタの交換を迅速に行うことができ、超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の稼働を休止する時間を大幅に短縮できる。   As a result, the raw water containing the arsenic component is not supplied to the filter sand layer without passing through the net body, and the arsenic component can be removed more reliably, while the tube is contracted when the adsorption amount is saturated. Then, the net filter can be easily taken out from the filtration tank, the net filter can be replaced quickly, and the time for stopping the operation of the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device can be greatly shortened.

ネット体は微細な目開きであることが必要である。目開きが大き過ぎると、ヒ素成分がネット体の目を通過してしまうからである。具体的には、ネット体は０．０５３ｍｍ〜０．２８３ｍｍの範囲内の目開きが好ましい。   The net body needs to have fine openings. This is because if the opening is too large, the arsenic component passes through the eyes of the net body. Specifically, the net body preferably has an opening in the range of 0.053 mm to 0.283 mm.

ネットフィルタのネット体は吸着材を担持できるものであればよいが、飲料水への影響を考慮すると、ステンレス鋼、例えばＳＵＳ３０４製の金網を採用するのがよい。   The net body of the net filter is not particularly limited as long as it can support the adsorbent, but in consideration of the influence on drinking water, it is preferable to adopt a stainless steel, for example, a wire mesh made of SUS304.

ネットフィルタの吸着材はヒ素成分を吸着できる材料でよく、例えば活性炭、活性アルミナ、ゼオライト、チタン酸、ジルコニウム水酸物などを用いることができるが、５価のヒ素成分だけでなく、３価のヒ素成分も確実に吸着できるようにマンガン酸化物を用いると、マンガン成分や鉄成分など、原水に含まれる人体に有害な物質を吸着除去することができる（例えば、特開２００３−１６０３３８号公報、参照）。   The adsorbent of the net filter may be a material capable of adsorbing arsenic components, such as activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolite, titanic acid, zirconium hydroxide, etc., but not only pentavalent arsenic components but also trivalent When manganese oxide is used so that arsenic components can be reliably adsorbed, substances harmful to the human body contained in raw water, such as manganese components and iron components, can be adsorbed and removed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-160338, reference).

ネットフィルタは膨出したチューブによって濾過槽内面に保持してもよいが、圧力流体の供給が停止されると、濾過槽内面から外れ、ネット体に吸着されたヒ素が濾過砂層側に洩れるおそれがある。そこで、ヒ素フィルタは取付けブラケットによって濾過槽の上端縁から着脱可能に吊り下げるようにするのがよい。   The net filter may be held on the inner surface of the filtration tank by the bulged tube, but when the supply of the pressure fluid is stopped, the net filter is detached from the inner surface of the filtration tank, and arsenic adsorbed on the net body leaks to the filtration sand layer side. There is a fear. Therefore, it is preferable that the arsenic filter is detachably suspended from the upper end edge of the filtration tank by a mounting bracket.

濾過砂層は公知のものを採用することができる。例えば、平均径０．０８ｍｍ〜０．３ｍｍの第１の微細砂層と、該第１の微細砂層の下側に設けられ、平均径０．４ｍｍ〜１．８ｍｍの第２の細砂層と、該第２の細砂層の下側に設けられ、平均径２ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍの第３の砂利層及びぐり石層から構成されることができる。焼砂を用いたのは山砂、川砂、海砂に付着する有機性不純物や雑菌、その他の夾雑物を焼くことによって予め除去し、濾過砂層に規定の濁度、３０度よりも優れた洗浄濁度を得るためである。   A well-known thing can be employ | adopted for a filtration sand layer. For example, a first fine sand layer having an average diameter of 0.08 mm to 0.3 mm, a second fine sand layer having an average diameter of 0.4 mm to 1.8 mm provided on the lower side of the first fine sand layer, It is provided below the second fine sand layer and can be composed of a third gravel layer and a calcite layer having an average diameter of 2 mm to 20 mm. The baked sand was used to remove organic impurities, germs, and other contaminants adhering to mountain sand, river sand, and sea sand in advance, and to clean the filtered sand layer better than the specified turbidity, 30 degrees. This is to obtain turbidity.

さらに、超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の洗浄効率を高める上で、濾過砂層の表面に生成するヘドロを分解し減少させることが重要である。そこで、濾過砂層とネットフィルタとの間に設けられ、ホルダーに濾過砂層に向けて洗浄水を吹き付ける洗浄ノズルを取付けて構成される濾過砂洗浄具を更に備えるのが好ましい。   Furthermore, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency of the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device, it is important to decompose and reduce sludge generated on the surface of the filtered sand layer. Therefore, it is preferable to further include a filter sand cleaning tool that is provided between the filter sand layer and the net filter and is configured by attaching a cleaning nozzle to the holder to spray cleaning water toward the filter sand layer.

また、ヘドロの分解を促進する上で、濾過砂層の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行って活性化するのが望ましい。そこで、濾過砂層とネットフィルタとの間に設けられ、濾過砂層の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行うエアーノズルをホルダーに取付けて構成されるエアーレション具を更に備えるのがよい。   In order to promote the decomposition of sludge, it is desirable to activate the microorganisms in the filter sand layer by aeration. Therefore, it is preferable to further include an air ration tool provided between the filter sand layer and the net filter and configured to attach to the holder an air nozzle that aerates the microorganisms in the filter sand layer.

この場合、濾過砂洗浄具のホルダーには濾過砂層の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行うエアーノズルを取付けてエアーレション具の機能を兼用させることもできる。   In this case, an air nozzle that performs aeration with respect to microorganisms in the filter sand layer can be attached to the holder of the filter sand cleaning tool so that the function of the air ration tool can also be used.

以下、本発明を図面に示す具体例に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１ないし図４は本発明に係る超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の好ましい実施形態を示す。図において、濾過設備１０には複数、例えば３台の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置１１が設けられ、３つの超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置１１の上部には地下水（原水）Ｗを送給する既設管１２から分岐された原水供給管１３によって原水Ｗが供給されるようになっている。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on specific examples shown in the drawings. 1 to 4 show a preferred embodiment of an ultrafine baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, the filtration facility 10 is provided with a plurality of, for example, three ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration devices 11, and groundwater (raw water) W is supplied to the upper part of the three ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration devices 11. The raw water W is supplied by the raw water supply pipe 13 branched from the existing pipe 12.

超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置１１には濾過済み水（飲料水）を取り出す取出し管１４が接続され、取出し管１４は仮貯水槽１５に接続され、仮貯水槽１５には給水ポンプ１６が投入され、給水ポンプ１６には給水管１７が接続され、給水管１７は本水槽１８に接続され、本水槽１８内の飲料水は加圧ポンプ１９及び送水管２０によって所定の場所に送水されるようになっている。   An extraction pipe 14 for extracting filtered water (drinking water) is connected to the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device 11, the extraction pipe 14 is connected to a temporary water tank 15, and a water supply pump 16 is input to the temporary water tank 15. A water supply pipe 17 is connected to the water supply pump 16, and the water supply pipe 17 is connected to the main water tank 18. The drinking water in the main water tank 18 is supplied to a predetermined place by the pressurizing pump 19 and the water supply pipe 20. It has become.

超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置１１は濾過槽１１０を備え、濾過槽１１０は例えば高さ２０００ｍｍ及び内径８００ｍｍの有底円筒状をなし、上端開口は蓋（図示せず）によって封鎖されるようになっている。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus 11 includes a filtration tank 110. The filtration tank 110 has a bottomed cylindrical shape having a height of 2000 mm and an inner diameter of 800 mm, for example, and the upper end opening is sealed by a lid (not shown). It has become.

この濾過槽１１０内には下半部に濾過砂層１１１が設けられ、濾過砂層１１１の上方は原水を受け入れて一時貯水して濾過砂層１１１に供給する原水供給部１１２が設けられ、濾過砂層１１１の下側には逆洗浄装置１１５が設けられるとともに、濾部槽１１０の槽壁には濾過済み水を取り出す取出し口部１１３が形成され、取出し口部１１３には取出し管１４が接続されている。   A filtration sand layer 111 is provided in the lower half of the filtration tank 110, and an upper portion of the filtration sand layer 111 is provided with a raw water supply unit 112 that receives raw water, temporarily stores the raw water, and supplies the raw water to the filtration sand layer 111. A reverse cleaning device 115 is provided on the lower side, and an extraction port 113 for extracting filtered water is formed on the tank wall of the filter unit tank 110, and an extraction pipe 14 is connected to the extraction port 113.

濾過槽１１０の原水供給部１１２内にはネットフィルタ１１４が内蔵されている。このネットフィルタ１１４では図３に示されるように、ネット体１１４Ａは例えば線径０．０５１ｍｍのステンレス鋼線を用い、２００メッシュ、つまり目開き０．０７６ｍｍの金網に製作され、金網の線には吸着材、例えば二酸化マンガンの粉体が溶着などによって担持されている。   A net filter 114 is built in the raw water supply unit 112 of the filtration tank 110. In this net filter 114, as shown in FIG. 3, the net body 114A is made of, for example, a stainless steel wire having a wire diameter of 0.051 mm, and is manufactured to a wire mesh having a mesh of 200 mesh, that is, an opening of 0.076 mm. An adsorbent, such as manganese dioxide powder, is supported by welding or the like.

このネット体１１４Ａは短尺円筒状のフレーム１１４Ｂの中段受け面１１４Ｈ上にブラケット１１４Ｄを介して搭載され、上方から押えブラケット１１４Ｃが重ねられてボルト・ナットによって締め付け固定され、フレーム１１４Ｂの中段受け面１１４Ｈの下側には逆洗浄用パイプ１１４Ｆが配置され、逆洗浄用パイプ１１４Ｆは外部の処理済み逆洗水の供給源（図示せず）に接続され、逆洗用処理水Ｗａｔｅｒが供給されてネット体１１４Ａを逆洗浄できるようになっている。   The net body 114A is mounted on a middle receiving surface 114H of a short cylindrical frame 114B via a bracket 114D, and a presser bracket 114C is overlaid from above and is fastened and fixed by bolts and nuts. The intermediate receiving surface 114H of the frame 114B is fixed. A back cleaning pipe 114F is disposed below the back cleaning pipe 114F. The back cleaning pipe 114F is connected to an external supply source (not shown) of processed back cleaning water, and back cleaning processing water is supplied to the network. The body 114A can be backwashed.

フレーム１１４Ｂの外周面には取付けフランジ１１４Ｊが上下に間隔をあけて形成され、取付けフランジ１１４Ｊの間には弾性チューブ、例えばゴムチューブ１１４Ｅが嵌め込まれ、ゴムチューブ１１４Ｅには外部のエアー供給源（図示せず）からエアーＡｉｒが供給されてゴムチューブ１１４Ｅは膨出し、フレーム１１４Ｂと濾過槽１１０の内面との間をシールするようになっている。   Mounting flanges 114J are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the frame 114B with a space therebetween, and an elastic tube, for example, a rubber tube 114E is fitted between the mounting flanges 114J. An external air supply source (see FIG. The air tube 114E is swelled from the air (not shown) and the rubber tube 114E expands to seal between the frame 114B and the inner surface of the filtration tank 110.

また、フレーム１１４Ｂには取付け金具１１４Ｇの下端部が固定され、取付け金具１１４Ｇは濾過槽１１０の上端縁に着脱可能に取付けられてネット体１１４Ａ及びフレーム１１４Ｂを吊り下げ支持するようになっている。   Further, the lower end portion of the attachment fitting 114G is fixed to the frame 114B, and the attachment fitting 114G is detachably attached to the upper end edge of the filtration tank 110 so as to suspend and support the net body 114A and the frame 114B.

濾過砂層１１１は図４に示されるように、平均径０．０８ｍｍ〜０．３ｍｍの第１の微細焼砂層１１１Ａと、第１の微細焼砂層１１１Ａの下側に設けられ、平均径０．４ｍｍ〜１．８ｍｍの第２の細焼砂層１１１Ｂと、第２の細焼砂層１１１Ｂの下側に設けられ、平均径２ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍの第３の砂利層及びぐり石層１１１Ｃとから構成され、第１の微細焼砂層１１１Ａ、第２の細焼砂層１１１Ｂ及び第３の砂利層及びぐり石層１１１Ｃは必要に応じて濾過布、例えば絹布に包まれている。   As shown in FIG. 4, the filtered sand layer 111 is provided below the first fine baked sand layer 111A having an average diameter of 0.08 mm to 0.3 mm and the first fine baked sand layer 111A, and has an average diameter of 0.4 mm. The second fine baked sand layer 111B having a diameter of ˜1.8 mm and a third gravel layer and a calcite layer 111C having an average diameter of 2 mm to 20 mm provided on the lower side of the second fine baked sand layer 111B, The first fine baked sand layer 111A, the second fine baked sand layer 111B, the third gravel layer, and the calcite layer 111C are wrapped in a filter cloth, for example, a silk cloth as necessary.

原水が原水供給部１１２内で受け入れられると、原水はその自重によって下方の濾過砂層１１１に向けて供給され、濾過砂層１１１の表面に付着した微生物によって処理されるとともに、濾過砂層１１１を通過する際に夾雑物が濾過され、濾過済み水が取出し口部１１３から取り出される。   When the raw water is received in the raw water supply unit 112, the raw water is supplied toward the lower filtration sand layer 111 by its own weight, and is treated by microorganisms attached to the surface of the filtration sand layer 111 and passes through the filtration sand layer 111. The contaminants are filtered, and the filtered water is taken out from the outlet port 113.

その際、ネットフィルタ１１４では原水に含有されるマンガン成分や鉄成分などの人体に有害な物質がネット体１１４Ａの二酸化マンガンに吸着され、この二酸化マンガン及びマンガン成分にヒ素成分が吸着され、原水に含有された有害物質及びヒ素成分は確実に除去される。   At that time, in the net filter 114, substances harmful to the human body such as manganese components and iron components contained in the raw water are adsorbed by the manganese dioxide of the net body 114A, and the arsenic component is adsorbed by the manganese dioxide and the manganese component, and the raw water contains The contained harmful substances and arsenic components are reliably removed.

本件発明者らの実験によれば処理済みの飲料水のヒ素濃度は水道法によるヒ素濃度の水質基準値は０．０１ｍｇ／ｌ未満にでき、ネット体１１４Ａにはヒ素成分及び人体有害物質が霜状に吸着していることが確認された。   According to the experiments by the present inventors, the arsenic concentration of the treated drinking water can be set to a water quality standard value of arsenic concentration by the Waterworks Law of less than 0.01 mg / l, and the arsenic component and human harmful substances are frosted on the net body 114A. It was confirmed that it was adsorbed in the form of a solid.

ネットフィルタ１１４の吸着量が増加し、吸着能力が低下してくると、適量の逆洗用処理水Ｗａｔｅｒを供給し、ネット体１１４Ａの逆洗浄を行うと、吸着された成分がネット体１１４Ａから離れて分散した後、ネット体１１４Ａの全体に分散して吸着されるので、吸着能力を回復させることができる。   When the adsorption amount of the net filter 114 increases and the adsorption capacity decreases, an appropriate amount of backwashing water Water is supplied, and when the net body 114A is backwashed, the adsorbed components are removed from the net body 114A. After being dispersed and separated, the net body 114A is dispersed and adsorbed, so that the adsorption capacity can be recovered.

ネットフィルタ１１４の吸着量が飽和した場合、エアーＡｉｒの供給を停止してゴムチューブ１１４Ｅを収縮させた後、取付け金具１１４Ｇを緩めて引き上げると、ネットフィルタ１１４を濾過槽１１０から引き上げることができるので、新しいネットフィルタ１１４を濾過槽１１０内にセットし、ゴムチューブ１１４ＥにエアーＡｉｒを供給し、ゴムチューブ１１４Ｅを膨出させると、ネットフィルタ１１４のフレーム１１４Ｂと濾過槽１１０との間をシールすることができ、ヒ素成分や有害分子がネットフィルタ１１４のフレーム１１４Ｂと濾過槽１１０との間を通過して濾過砂層１１１に供給されることはない。   When the amount of adsorption of the net filter 114 is saturated, the supply of air Air is stopped and the rubber tube 114E is contracted, and then the mounting bracket 114G is loosened and pulled up, so that the net filter 114 can be pulled up from the filtration tank 110. When a new net filter 114 is set in the filtration tank 110, air Air is supplied to the rubber tube 114E, and the rubber tube 114E is expanded, the gap between the frame 114B of the net filter 114 and the filtration tank 110 is sealed. Therefore, arsenic components and harmful molecules are not supplied to the filter sand layer 111 through the space between the frame 114B of the net filter 114 and the filter tank 110.

図５及び図６は第２の実施形態を示す。本例では濾過槽１１０内の濾過砂層１１１とネットフィルタ１１４との間にエアーレーション機能付き濾過砂洗浄具１２０を設けている点が第１の実施形態と異なっている。   5 and 6 show a second embodiment. This example is different from the first embodiment in that a filter sand cleaning tool 120 with an aeration function is provided between the filter sand layer 111 and the net filter 114 in the filter tank 110.

エアーレーション機能付き濾過砂洗浄具１２０は円形のホルダー１２１を備え、ホルダー１２１は濾過槽１１０内壁面に固定された支持当たり具１１９上に搭載されている。このホルダー１２１には複数の洗浄ノズル１２２と複数のエアーノズル１２３が縦横に配列してかつ下向きに取付けられ、洗浄ノズル１２２及びエアーノズル１２３は各々給水ホース及びエアーホースによって接続されている。   The filtration sand cleaning tool 120 with aeration function includes a circular holder 121, and the holder 121 is mounted on a support contact tool 119 fixed to the inner wall surface of the filtration tank 110. A plurality of cleaning nozzles 122 and a plurality of air nozzles 123 are vertically and horizontally arranged on the holder 121 and attached downward, and the cleaning nozzle 122 and the air nozzle 123 are connected by a water supply hose and an air hose, respectively.

給水ホース及びエアーホースはマニホールドジャンクション１２４に接続され、マニホールドジャンクション１２４には給水ホース１２５及びエアーホース１２６が接続されている。   The water supply hose and the air hose are connected to the manifold junction 124, and the water supply hose 125 and the air hose 126 are connected to the manifold junction 124.

本例ではネットフィルタ１１４の下側にエアーレーション機能付き濾過砂洗浄具１２０が設けられており、濾過砂層１１１の表面に付着した微生物によって原水が処理されるとともに、濾過砂層１１１を通過する際に夾雑物が濾過され、こうした生物濾過処理が行われ、濾過砂槽１１１の表面にヘドロがこびりつくようになると、給水ホース１２５から洗浄水を給水するとともに、エアーホース１２６からエアーを供給する。   In this example, a filtration sand cleaning tool 120 with an aeration function is provided on the lower side of the net filter 114, and raw water is treated by microorganisms attached to the surface of the filtration sand layer 111 and passes through the filtration sand layer 111. When contaminants are filtered and such biological filtration processing is performed, and sludge becomes stuck to the surface of the filtration sand tank 111, cleaning water is supplied from the water supply hose 125 and air is supplied from the air hose 126.

すると、濾過砂槽１１１の表面のヘドロが舞い上がり、同時にエアーノズルからエアーが吹き付けられて濾過砂槽１１１の微生物に対してエアーレーションが行われ、微生物が発生化されるので、ヘドロの分解が促進されて減少し、これによって超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の優れた処理能力を長期間にわたって維持できる。   Then, the sludge on the surface of the filtration sand tank 111 rises, and at the same time, air is blown from the air nozzle and aeration is performed on the microorganisms in the filtration sand tank 111 to generate microorganisms. This reduces the excellent processing capacity of the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device over a long period of time.

また、生物濾過処理を行っている際に、適当な時間間隔で濾過砂槽１１１の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行い、微生物を活性化するようにしてもよい。   Further, during the biological filtration process, the microorganisms in the filtration sand tank 111 may be aerated at an appropriate time interval to activate the microorganisms.

本発明によれば、河川や地下から採取した原水を飲料水などに浄化処理する際に、原水に溶け込んでいる、人体に有害な物質の大部分と、これまで除去できなかったヒ素成分をも一連の浄化作業の中で確実に除去でき、その実用価値は高い。   According to the present invention, when purifying raw water collected from a river or underground into drinking water or the like, most of the substances harmful to the human body dissolved in the raw water and arsenic components that could not be removed so far are also contained. It can be removed reliably in a series of purification operations, and its practical value is high.

本発明に係る超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の好ましい実施形態を備えた濾過設備を示す全体構成図である。It is a whole lineblock diagram showing filtration equipment provided with a desirable embodiment of a super fine grain baked sand biological filtration device concerning the present invention. 上記実施形態を示す概略断面構成図である。It is a schematic sectional block diagram which shows the said embodiment. 上記実施形態を示す要部切欠き斜視図である。It is a principal part notch perspective view which shows the said embodiment. 上記実施形態における濾過砂層の構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the filtration sand layer in the said embodiment. 本発明に係る超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置の第２の実施形態を示す全体構成図である。It is a whole block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the ultrafine-grain baked sand biological filtration apparatus which concerns on this invention. 上記実施形態におけるエアーレション機能付きの濾過砂洗浄具兼を示す概略斜視図である。It is a schematic perspective view which shows the filtration sand washing | cleaning tool with an air-relation function in the said embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１ 超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置
１１０ 濾過槽
１１１ 濾過砂層
１１２ 原水供給部
１１３ 取出し口部
１１４ ネットフィルタ
１１４Ａ ネット体
１１４Ｂ フレーム
１１４Ｅ ゴムチューブ
１１４Ｇ 取付け金具 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Ultrafine-grain baked sand biological filtration apparatus 110 Filtration tank 111 Filtration sand layer 112 Raw water supply part 113 Outlet part 114 Net filter 114A Net body 114B Frame 114E Rubber tube 114G Mounting bracket

Claims (9)

濾過砂層によって原水を生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過するようにした超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置において、
濾過槽内に設けられ、超微細粒の焼砂の層を有し、原水を微生物処理するとともに夾雑物を濾過する濾過砂層と、
上記濾過砂層の上方に設けられ、原水を受入れて濾過砂層に原水を供給する原水供給部と、
上記濾過砂層の下方に設けられ、濾過済み水を取り出す取出し口部と、
上記濾過槽内の濾過砂層上方に着脱可能に保持され、原水に含有されたヒ素成分を吸着し得る吸着材をネット体に担持し該ネット体の外周にフレームを固定して構成されたネットフィルタと、
該ネットフィルタのフレームの外側に設けられ、圧力流体によって膨出されて上記フレームと濾過槽内面との間をシールするチューブと、
を備えたことを特徴とする超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。 In the ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device that biologically treats raw water with a filtered sand layer and filters contaminants,
A filtration sand layer provided in a filtration tank, having a layer of ultrafine-grained baked sand, microbially treating raw water and filtering contaminants;
A raw water supply unit that is provided above the filtered sand layer and receives the raw water and supplies the raw water to the filtered sand layer;
An outlet port provided below the filtered sand layer and for removing filtered water;
A net filter constructed by holding an adsorbent, which is detachably held above the filtration sand layer in the filtration tank and can adsorb an arsenic component contained in raw water, on a net body and a frame is fixed to the outer periphery of the net body When,
A tube provided outside the frame of the net filter and bulged by pressure fluid to seal between the frame and the inner surface of the filtration tank;
An ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration device characterized by comprising: 上記ネット体は微細な目開きを有する請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the net body has fine openings. 上記ネット体は０．０５３ｍｍ〜０．２８３ｍｍの範囲内の目開きのステンレス鋼製の金網で製作されている請求項２記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the net body is made of a wire mesh made of stainless steel having an opening within a range of 0.053 mm to 0.283 mm. 上記ネット体の吸着材がマンガン酸化物であり、ヒ素成分とともに人体に有害な物質を吸着し得るようになした請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the net-body adsorbent is manganese oxide and can adsorb substances harmful to the human body together with arsenic components. 上記ネットフィルタは取付けブラケットによって上記濾過槽の上端縁から着脱可能に吊り下られている請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filtration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the net filter is detachably suspended from an upper end edge of the filtration tank by a mounting bracket. 上記濾過砂層は、平均径０．０８ｍｍ〜０．３ｍｍの第１の微細焼砂層と、該第１の微細焼砂層の下側に設けられ、平均径０．４ｍｍ〜１．８ｍｍの第２の細焼砂層と、該第２の細焼砂層の下側に設けられ、平均径２ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍの第３の砂利層及びぐり石層から構成される請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The filtered sand layer is provided on the lower side of the first fine baked sand layer having an average diameter of 0.08 mm to 0.3 mm and the second fine baked sand layer having an average diameter of 0.4 mm to 1.8 mm. The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filter according to claim 1, comprising a fine baked sand layer and a third gravel layer and a calcite layer having an average diameter of 2 mm to 20 mm, which are provided below the second fine baked sand layer. apparatus. 上記濾過砂層とネットフィルタとの間に設けられ、上記濾過砂層に向けて洗浄水を吹き付ける洗浄ノズルをホルダーに取付けて構成される濾過砂洗浄具を更に備えた請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   The ultrafine-grained baking according to claim 1, further comprising a filter sand cleaning tool provided between the filter sand layer and the net filter and configured to attach a cleaning nozzle to the holder for spraying cleaning water toward the filter sand layer. Sand biological filtration device. 上記濾過砂層とネットフィルタとの間に設けられ、上記濾過砂層の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行うエアーノズルをホルダーに取付けて構成されるエアーレション具を更に備えた請求項１記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   2. The ultrafine structure according to claim 1, further comprising an air ration tool provided between the filter sand layer and the net filter and configured to attach an air nozzle to the holder for aeration of microorganisms in the filter sand layer. Grain baked sand biological filtration device. 上記エアーレション具のエアーノズルが上記濾過砂洗浄具のホルダーには上記濾過砂層の微生物に対してエアーレーションを行うエアーノズルが更に取付けられている請求項７記載の超微細粒焼砂生物濾過装置。   8. The ultrafine-grained baked sand biological filter according to claim 7, wherein an air nozzle for aerating the microorganisms of the filter sand layer is further attached to the holder of the filter sand cleaning tool. apparatus.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009291752A (en) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Koyo:Kk Slow filtration apparatus
JP2013027821A (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-02-07 Takuma Co Ltd Sand filtration device, and method for producing filter sand therefor
CN112875989A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-06-01 贵州师范大学 Drinking water purification device convenient to karst mountain area dispersion peasant household uses

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