JP2010039594A - Biological authentication device - Google Patents

Biological authentication device Download PDF

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JP2010039594A
JP2010039594A JP2008199146A JP2008199146A JP2010039594A JP 2010039594 A JP2010039594 A JP 2010039594A JP 2008199146 A JP2008199146 A JP 2008199146A JP 2008199146 A JP2008199146 A JP 2008199146A JP 2010039594 A JP2010039594 A JP 2010039594A
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finger
authentication
living body
authentication device
electrodes
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Shinichiro Aikawa
相川慎一郎
Masayuki Abe
昌之 阿部
Shoichi Sato
正一 佐藤
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Hitachi Media Electronics Co Ltd
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Hitachi Media Electronics Co Ltd
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  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an authentication device that reduces operation errors. <P>SOLUTION: The authentication device includes a body part for supporting a living body, a lighting part disposed in the body to light the living body for imaging, an imaging part built in the body to receive light transmitted through the living body lighted by the lighting part, and an authentication part for extracting a vein pattern of the living body from the image captured by the imaging part and comparing it with a vein pattern registered in advance for authentication. At least two electrodes are disposed in positions sandwiching an imaging window formed in the body part, and the authentication device operates when the living body touches the at least two electrodes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は生体認証装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a biometric authentication device.

生体認証装置は身体の一部を用いる認証装置でセキュリティの重要性がますます認識されてきている昨今、他のセキュリティ関連製品よりも紛失、盗難、なりすまし等がしにくいためにセキュリティ強度が高く注目を集めている。なかでも指の静脈を使って認証する指静脈認証装置は装置の大きさも他の生体認証装置に比べて小さく、安全性、利便性共に高い装置である。   The biometric authentication device is an authentication device that uses a part of the body, and the importance of security has been increasingly recognized in recent years. Since it is harder to lose, steal, or impersonate than other security-related products, it is highly secure and attracts attention. Collecting. In particular, a finger vein authentication device that performs authentication using a finger vein is smaller than other biometric authentication devices, and is highly safe and convenient.

背景技術として、特許文献1に記載の技術がある。   As a background art, there is a technique described in Patent Document 1.

特開2006−26427号公報JP 2006-26427

指静脈認証装置では、指に赤外光を照射すると静脈を流れる血液中のヘモグロビンは周囲の組織に比べて赤外光を吸収する。その状態で指を撮影すると赤外光を吸収した静脈だけが黒く写り、撮影した画像からその黒くなった部分を抽出すれば静脈を識別することができる。各人静脈は外科的手術等を行わない限り永久不変で唯一のものである。これらの性質を利用し、あらかじめ静脈を画像として登録しておき、認証時に再度撮影し、その画像を登録済みの静脈パターンと比較することで本人かどうかを確認する。画像登録時と認証時の画像は多少違ってもその閾値を変更することでセキュリティの安全性を高くも低くもできる。しかし、指の位置が登録時と大幅に違っていたり、指が変形していたり、回転していたりすると、静脈も登録時とはかけ離れたパターンになり、正しく認証できなくなる。   In the finger vein authentication device, when the finger is irradiated with infrared light, hemoglobin in the blood flowing through the vein absorbs infrared light as compared with surrounding tissues. When a finger is photographed in this state, only the vein that has absorbed infrared light appears black, and the vein can be identified by extracting the darkened portion from the photographed image. Each person's vein is permanent and unique, unless a surgical operation or the like is performed. Using these properties, a vein is registered in advance as an image, the image is taken again at the time of authentication, and the image is compared with a registered vein pattern to confirm whether the user is the person. Even if the images at the time of image registration and at the time of authentication are slightly different, the security safety can be increased or decreased by changing the threshold value. However, if the position of the finger is significantly different from that at the time of registration, or if the finger is deformed or rotated, the vein also has a pattern far from that at the time of registration, and authentication cannot be performed correctly.

それを防止するために実際の装置は登録時と認証時で指の置き方が再現性よく同じになるように指置き用ガイドを設けている。その形状は指がずれたり、ねじれたりするのを防止できるようにU字溝や指幅に合わせた壁や突起等を設けている。指の位置を決める部分は大きいほど指を位置決めする部分が多く再現性がよい。   In order to prevent this, an actual apparatus is provided with a finger placement guide so that the finger placement is the same with good reproducibility during registration and authentication. Its shape is provided with a U-shaped groove and walls and protrusions that match the finger width to prevent the fingers from shifting or twisting. The larger the part that determines the position of the finger, the more part that positions the finger and the better the reproducibility.

近年、セキュリティへの関心が高まり、企業向けだけではなく一般製品への適用需要も増してきている。特に決算認証機能を持った携帯電話やパソコン等小型電子機器への需要が増してきている。しかし、これら小型製品へ適用するには大きな指位置決め台などは適用することができず、指をどのように置いたらよいかわからなくなる。その場合、特に装置に習熟していない利用者は一般的に認知度の高い指紋認証装置の手順と混同し、撮影部窓の上に直接指を置いてしまうケースが見受けられる。   In recent years, interest in security has increased, and the demand for application not only to companies but also to general products has also increased. In particular, there is an increasing demand for small electronic devices such as mobile phones and personal computers that have an account settlement function. However, a large finger positioning table or the like cannot be applied to these small products, and it is difficult to know how to place a finger. In that case, a user who is not familiar with the apparatus is generally confused with the procedure of the fingerprint authentication apparatus with a high degree of recognition, and there are cases where the user places his finger directly on the photographing unit window.

このように誤った指の置き方をした場合、指の置きなおしを促し、登録および認証が出来ないような仕組みが求められている。   Thus, there is a demand for a mechanism that prompts the user to reposition the finger when the wrong finger is placed, and prevents registration and authentication.

前述の特許文献1には、押下スイッチまたは接触センサを用いて指を再現性よく置ける方法が開示されている。   Patent Document 1 described above discloses a method of placing a finger with good reproducibility using a push switch or a contact sensor.

特許文献1の押下スイッチを用いた方法では認証処理を開始させるために指で押し付ける必要がある。指で押し付けると指が変形したり、静脈が圧迫されて血流が悪くなったりするため登録時の状態と著しく違ってしまい、認証率が低下する。また、押下機構が必要なため部品点数が多く、部品点数分だけ故障率も上がる。   In the method using the push switch of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to press with a finger in order to start the authentication process. When pressed with a finger, the finger is deformed or the veins are compressed and blood flow is deteriorated, so that the state at the time of registration is remarkably different, and the authentication rate is lowered. Further, since the pressing mechanism is necessary, the number of parts is large, and the failure rate is increased by the number of parts.

接触センサに関してはセンサ感度の調整が難しく、指が正しい位置に置かれていない場合でも指が近づいただけで反応してしまい、認証処理を開始し、撮像してしまう場合がある。   Regarding the contact sensor, it is difficult to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor, and even if the finger is not placed at the correct position, it may react when the finger is just approached, and authentication processing may be started and imaging may be performed.

本発明は、誤動作の少ない認証装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the authentication apparatus with few malfunctions.

上記目的は、その一例として特許請求の範囲に記載の発明により達成される。   The above object is achieved by the invention described in the claims as an example.

本発明によれば、従来よりも誤動作の少ない認証装置を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an authentication device with fewer malfunctions than in the past.

本発明に従う生体認証装置は、指先端側と指元側にスイッチ回路のスイッチ部電極を設置し、指自体が回路の一部となって電極間を導通するものである。以下、実施例により、本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   In the biometric authentication device according to the present invention, switch unit electrodes of a switch circuit are installed on the finger tip side and finger side, and the finger itself becomes part of the circuit and conducts between the electrodes. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example.

図1は本装置の概要図である。図2は装置上面図、図3は図2のx方向断面図である。装置本体101には指105を赤外光で照射するための照射系104とその画像を撮影するための撮像系103を有する。   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of this apparatus. 2 is a top view of the apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the x direction of FIG. The apparatus main body 101 includes an irradiation system 104 for irradiating the finger 105 with infrared light and an imaging system 103 for capturing an image thereof.

照射系104の光源は一般的に赤外発光LED104aを用いて行うが、赤外光を発光すればLED以外の光源でもかまわない。   The light source of the irradiation system 104 is generally performed using an infrared light emitting LED 104a, but a light source other than the LED may be used as long as it emits infrared light.

撮像系103は照射系104で指を透過した光を受光するセンサ103を有する。センサ103と対象指の間には光学フィルタ106を用いる場合もある。撮像系103は照明系104で照射し、その反射光、透過光を受光する。受光した光は画像として認証処理を行うモジュールまたはコンピュータ301に取り込まれ、メモリに保存される。保存された画像から指の静脈パターンを抽出し、事前に登録された指の静脈パターンと認証時に取り込まれた静脈パターン画像を照合し、相関を算出する。算出した結果で登録時と同一な指か違う指かを判定する。   The imaging system 103 includes a sensor 103 that receives light transmitted through the finger in the irradiation system 104. An optical filter 106 may be used between the sensor 103 and the target finger. The imaging system 103 is irradiated with the illumination system 104 and receives the reflected light and transmitted light. The received light is captured as an image by the module or computer 301 that performs authentication processing and stored in the memory. A finger vein pattern is extracted from the stored image, a finger vein pattern registered in advance is collated with a vein pattern image captured at the time of authentication, and a correlation is calculated. Based on the calculated result, it is determined whether the finger is the same as or different from that at the time of registration.

認証の流れを以下に示す。図4は本実施例の認証手順である。利用者は測定対象の指を装置上に置き、認証作業を行う。撮影用窓枠をまたぐようにして指先を電極102aに置き、指元を電極102bに載せるように合わせておく。電極102a,102bはスイッチ回路の電極になっており、指によって結線した場合のみ認証処理を開始する。電極102aのみ、または電極102bのみに指が触れただけでは認証処理は開始せず、指を正しい位置に置きなおすよう案内が表示される。こうすれば指が正しくないおき方をされた場合は認証開始することがなくなる。   The flow of authentication is shown below. FIG. 4 shows the authentication procedure of this embodiment. The user places the finger to be measured on the apparatus and performs authentication work. The fingertip is placed on the electrode 102a so as to straddle the photographing window frame, and the fingertip is placed on the electrode 102b. The electrodes 102a and 102b are electrodes of a switch circuit, and authentication processing is started only when the electrodes are connected by a finger. If the finger touches only the electrode 102a or only the electrode 102b, the authentication process does not start, and a guide is displayed to put the finger in the correct position. This way, if the finger is misplaced, authentication will not start.

光源の配置位置は指105に対して撮像系103と対向側に配置するのが最適である。光が指105を透過してそのまま撮像系103に入射するため反射による指表面のしわや傷が写りにくく、ノイズの少ない画像が撮影できるからである。撮像系103に対して同一方向、指105に対して側面からの直角方向に光源を配置してもよいが、その場合、指内部を透過した光だけでなく、指表面に反射した光も撮影されるため、対向側に配置した場合に比べて指表面の状態が一緒に撮影され画像上でノイズとなり、認証率が低下する。血管以外の画像輝度ができるだけ均一になるような照射が好ましく、それを実現するため複数個の光源を用いて画像輝度を均一にできるように配置するのが良い。単純に同じ輝度の光源では指の間接付近の透過しやすい部分と腹の透過しにくい部分で輝度差が生まれてしまうため、具体的には指の肉厚が薄い間接部分には弱い光があたり、腹の部分は強い光が当たるように光源を配置する。また、画像輝度をリアルタイムでモニタリングしながら各光源の輝度を自動制御する処理を組み込むことで画像内の輝度ムラを解消し認証率を上げることができる。   It is optimal that the light source is disposed on the side opposite to the imaging system 103 with respect to the finger 105. This is because light passes through the finger 105 and enters the imaging system 103 as it is, so that wrinkles and scratches on the finger surface due to reflection are difficult to be seen and an image with less noise can be taken. The light source may be arranged in the same direction with respect to the imaging system 103 and in a direction perpendicular to the side surface with respect to the finger 105, but in that case, not only the light transmitted through the inside of the finger but also the light reflected on the finger surface is photographed. Therefore, the finger surface state is photographed together as compared with the case where it is arranged on the opposite side, and noise is generated on the image, so that the authentication rate is lowered. Irradiation in which the image brightness other than the blood vessels is as uniform as possible is preferable, and in order to achieve this, it is preferable to use a plurality of light sources so that the image brightness can be made uniform. A light source with the same brightness simply creates a brightness difference between the part near the finger that is easily transmitted and the part that the stomach is difficult to transmit. Specifically, weak light hits the indirect part where the thickness of the finger is thin, A light source is arranged so that strong light hits the stomach part. Further, by incorporating a process for automatically controlling the luminance of each light source while monitoring the image luminance in real time, it is possible to eliminate luminance unevenness in the image and increase the authentication rate.

電極102a,102bの大きさを決めるに当たってはその認証装置がどれくらい指のずれを許容できるかに依存する。大きすぎると指105の置き方の自由度が高くなるが、再現性が悪くなる。小さすぎると置く際の再現性は良くなるが、指先と指元の電極102a,102bを意識して触れる必要があり、利用者に何度も置きなおしを強いることになる。   In determining the size of the electrodes 102a and 102b, it depends on how much the authentication device can tolerate finger misalignment. If it is too large, the degree of freedom in placing the finger 105 increases, but the reproducibility deteriorates. If it is too small, the reproducibility at the time of placement is improved, but it is necessary to consciously touch the electrodes 102a and 102b of the fingertip and the fingertip, and the user is forced to reposition many times.

指静脈装置で一般的に使用される小型CMOSセンサを用いてQVGAサイズ出力撮影をした場合、許容できるずれ量は±1mmから1.5mm程度である。電極102a,102bの大きさはこれを基準に算出すると最適な大きさは直径2mmから3mm程度の円または2mmから3mm四方の矩形がよい。その電極102a,102bの配置は指水平方向に関して、撮像枠内いっぱいに指が写るように、図5に示されるように、撮像系の中心軸上501に電極の中心を整列させるとよい。撮像系の中心軸501に指の中心軸502が合致すると指以外の背景が写りこむことがなくなる。背景が写ると指と輝度差があるためその境界線を血管と誤認識してしまう。それによる誤認識がなくなり、良い画像が撮影できるようになる。   When QVGA size output imaging is performed using a small CMOS sensor generally used in a finger vein device, an allowable deviation amount is about ± 1 mm to 1.5 mm. When the sizes of the electrodes 102a and 102b are calculated based on this, the optimum size is preferably a circle with a diameter of about 2 mm to 3 mm or a rectangle with a diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm. As for the arrangement of the electrodes 102a and 102b, the center of the electrode may be aligned on the central axis 501 of the imaging system as shown in FIG. When the center axis 502 of the finger matches the center axis 501 of the imaging system, the background other than the finger is not reflected. If the background is shown, there is a difference in brightness from the finger, so that the boundary line is misrecognized as a blood vessel. As a result, erroneous recognition is eliminated, and a good image can be taken.

指前後方向に関しては、図6に示されるように、撮像エリアの中心601に指の第一関節602が合うように配置するとよい。間接付近は指の肉、皮が薄く、光を透過しやすい。そのため静脈がはっきり撮影できるため良い画像が得られる。   With respect to the front-rear direction of the finger, as shown in FIG. 6, it may be arranged so that the first joint 602 of the finger is aligned with the center 601 of the imaging area. Near the indirect, the flesh and skin of the fingers are thin and light is easily transmitted. Therefore, a good image can be obtained because a vein can be clearly photographed.

電極102,103の材質は銅等の導電性の高い金属が好ましい。耐腐食性をあげるために表面にめっき処理を施しても良い。また、導電体であれば他の材質でもかまわない。電極102,103には常に電流を流しておき、指が電極102,103に触れるとその回路ははじめて閉になり、回路が機能するようになる。電極102,103に供給される電流はIEC 479-1 に基づく人体の特性に関する知見から、一般的な電気機器の接触電流 (人が機器に触れた際に人体を通して流れる電流)が、通常状態において 0.5mA 以下であるため、本装置においてもこの電流以下で設計するのがよい。   The material of the electrodes 102 and 103 is preferably a highly conductive metal such as copper. In order to increase the corrosion resistance, the surface may be plated. Other materials may be used as long as they are conductors. A current is always applied to the electrodes 102 and 103. When a finger touches the electrodes 102 and 103, the circuit is closed for the first time, and the circuit functions. The current supplied to the electrodes 102 and 103 is based on the knowledge about the characteristics of the human body based on IEC 479-1, and the contact current of general electrical equipment (current flowing through the human body when a person touches the equipment) is 0.5 mA in the normal state. Since this is the case, it is preferable to design the apparatus with this current or less.

しかし、電極のみであればタッチセンサのように指先または指元側それぞれで複数の部品で構成される機器よりも故障率は低くなるという効果がある。また、構成部品は単純な金属部品であり、異素材で構成部品が複数あるタッチセンサ等に比べると故障率が低くなり、コストも抑えることが出来る。   However, if only the electrodes are used, there is an effect that the failure rate is lower than that of a device composed of a plurality of components on the fingertip or fingertip side, such as a touch sensor. In addition, the component parts are simple metal parts, and the failure rate is lower than that of a touch sensor having a plurality of component parts made of different materials, and the cost can be reduced.

本実施例の認証装置は、直接スイッチ回路の電極を装置本体に配置し、指によって結線することで、従来の方法よりも部品点数削減、故障率減少、誤動作減少が可能になる。   The authentication device of this embodiment can directly reduce the number of components, reduce the failure rate, and reduce malfunctions by arranging the electrodes of the switch circuit directly on the device body and connecting them with fingers.

本発明を実施する認証装置のシステム全体構成例Example of overall system configuration of authentication apparatus for implementing the present invention 認証装置上面図Top view of authentication device 図2のx方向認証装置断面図Cross section of x-direction authentication device in Fig. 2 認証処理手順Authentication procedure 認証装置上面図Top view of authentication device 認証装置上面図Top view of authentication device

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

101・・・装置本体、102a・・・指先側電極、102b・・・指元側電極、103a・・・レンズ、103b・・・受光素子、104・・・光源、105・・・指、106・・・撮影用窓(光学フィルタ)、301・・・認証処理モジュールまたは処理装置、501・・・撮影窓中心軸(指水平方向)、502・・・指中心軸(指水平方向)、601・・・撮影窓中心軸(指前後方向)、602・・・撮影窓中心軸(指前後方向) 101 ... device main body, 102a ... fingertip side electrode, 102b ... fingertip side electrode, 103a ... lens, 103b ... light receiving element, 104 ... light source, 105 ... finger, 106 ... Photographing window (optical filter), 301 ... authentication processing module or processing device, 501 ... photographing window central axis (finger horizontal direction), 502 ... finger central axis (finger horizontal direction), 601 ... Shooting window central axis (finger longitudinal direction), 602 ... Shooting window central axis (finger longitudinal direction)

Claims (1)

認証装置であって、
生体を置くための本体部と、
前記本体の内部に設置され、撮影のために前記生体を照射する照明部と、
前記本体に組み込まれ、前記照明部の光により照射された生体の内部を透過した光を受光する撮影部と、
前記撮影部により撮影された画像から前記生体の静脈パターンを抽出し、あらかじめ登録されている静脈パターンと比較して認証を行う認証部とを有し、
前記本体部に形成された撮影窓部を挟む位置に少なくとも2つの電極が設けられ、前記生体が前記少なくとも2つの電極に接触したときに作動する認証装置。
An authentication device,
A main body for placing a living body,
An illumination unit that is installed inside the main body and irradiates the living body for photographing;
An imaging unit that is incorporated in the main body and receives light transmitted through the inside of a living body irradiated with light from the illumination unit;
An authentication unit that extracts the vein pattern of the living body from the image captured by the imaging unit and performs authentication in comparison with a vein pattern registered in advance;
An authentication device, wherein at least two electrodes are provided at a position sandwiching a photographing window formed in the main body, and operates when the living body contacts the at least two electrodes.
JP2008199146A 2008-08-01 2008-08-01 Biological authentication device Pending JP2010039594A (en)

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