JP2010029153A - Heater for protected horticulture - Google Patents

Heater for protected horticulture Download PDF

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JP2010029153A
JP2010029153A JP2008197189A JP2008197189A JP2010029153A JP 2010029153 A JP2010029153 A JP 2010029153A JP 2008197189 A JP2008197189 A JP 2008197189A JP 2008197189 A JP2008197189 A JP 2008197189A JP 2010029153 A JP2010029153 A JP 2010029153A
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temperature
greenhouse
hot water
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water
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JP5152914B2 (en
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Yoshiaki Furuuchi
良明 古内
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KONAI DENKI KOGYOSHO KK
REPLAN Inc
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KONAI DENKI KOGYOSHO KK
REPLAN Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heating facility for protected horticulture, which improves energy efficiency and is capable of following temperature change. <P>SOLUTION: This heating facility is such that a hot-water boiler 2 which detects the water temperature of hot water returning from a hot-water pipe 5, warms the hot water so as to keep at a target fixed temperature, and sends out to a hot-water pipe 4 is set outside a greenhouse 3, heat exchangers 6 and 7 set in the greenhouse 3 each have a radiating pipe arrangement 61 and a fan 63 to blow air in the greenhouse thereto, and a temperature detector 10 detecting temperature in the greenhouse is further set in the greenhouse 3, and when a detected temperature of the temperature detector 10 is less or more than a target value, a control device 8 puts on or off the fan 63 of each of the heat exchangers. The hot-water pipes 4 and 5 are connected to each other so as to circulate hot water between the hot-water boiler 2 and the heat exchangers 6 and 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、施設園芸における温室（ビニールハウス）内の暖房を行うための暖房装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a heating device for heating a greenhouse (plastic greenhouse) in facility horticulture.

施設園芸における作物栽培においては、ビニールハウス内を加熱し、本来の季節より１、２ヶ月早い温度となるように温度を制御している。例えば、ブドウの一種であるピオーネでは、２月からハウス内の気温が８度となるように設定し、１０日毎に２度ずつ気温を上昇させて１ヶ月早い収穫を図っている。暖房設備として、ボイラにより重油、灯油を燃焼させて温風によりハウス内を暖めることが行われているが、温風の吹き出しによりビニールハウス内の湿度が変動するため、加湿器を設けるなどの対応を採っている。   In crop cultivation in greenhouse horticulture, the inside of a greenhouse is heated and the temperature is controlled to be one or two months earlier than the original season. For example, in Pione, a kind of grape, the temperature in the house is set to 8 degrees from February, and the temperature is raised by 2 degrees every 10 days for harvesting one month earlier. As heating equipment, heavy oil and kerosene are burned by a boiler and the inside of the house is warmed by warm air, but the humidity in the greenhouse fluctuates due to the blowing of warm air, so a humidifier is provided. Is adopted.

このようなビニールハウス内の湿度の変動を抑制する技術として、ボイラをハウス外に設置して、ハウス内に温水パイプを敷設して、ボイラで加熱した温水を循環させるものが、例えば特許文献１或いは特許文献２に開示されている。特許文献１の技術によれば、チラーユニットにより加熱された温水は、発芽温床の地中に巡らした温水パイプ中を循環している。発芽温床の温度を検出して、検出した温度に基づいて循環ポンプを駆動制御することに行われる。チラーユニットからは温度一定とした温水が供給されており、温水パイプを流れる水量により発芽温床の温度が保たれる。また、温水の循環経路を分流して冷熱部が付設され、放熱フィンが設けられて放熱ファンを使って冷却している。一方、特許文献２によれば、温水室内に熱交換機を配設して、温室内の検出温度によりボイラのオンオフを制御して温水の温度調節をするものが開示されている。これらの技術によれば、ビニールハウス内には温風が吹き出すことがなく、湿度を大きく変動させることは無い。   As a technology for suppressing such fluctuations in humidity in a greenhouse, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a boiler is installed outside a house, a hot water pipe is laid in the house, and hot water heated by the boiler is circulated. Or it is disclosed by patent document 2. FIG. According to the technique of Patent Document 1, the hot water heated by the chiller unit circulates in the hot water pipe that circulates in the ground of the germination hotbed. This is performed by detecting the temperature of the germination hotbed and driving and controlling the circulation pump based on the detected temperature. Hot water with a constant temperature is supplied from the chiller unit, and the temperature of the germination hotbed is maintained by the amount of water flowing through the hot water pipe. In addition, a cooling part is provided by diverting the circulation path of the hot water, and a radiating fin is provided to cool using a radiating fan. On the other hand, according to Patent Document 2, a heat exchanger is provided in a hot water chamber, and the temperature of the hot water is adjusted by controlling on / off of the boiler according to the detected temperature in the greenhouse. According to these techniques, warm air does not blow out in the greenhouse, and humidity does not fluctuate greatly.

また、人間が居住する家屋の温水暖房システムとして、温水ルームヒータが知られている。一般家庭においては、ビニールハウスと比較して格段に高い機密性を有する家の加温であり、かつ居住者の快適性が求められた制御となっている。例えば、扱う温水の温度は８０度付近の高い温度を室外ボイラに設定としている。ビニールハウスと違い目的とする室温の設定温度がそもそも高いこともあるが、温水が４０度程度の低い温度であると目標とする室温よりも高い水温であるにもかかわらず、噴出す風が居住者に冷たく感じられてしまうからである。一方、温水ルームヒータのファンは、強風、中風、弱風のように回転数の選択制御により、温度調整が可能となっており、温水ルームヒータ内の室温センサ（室温サーミスタ）が目標温度に達したと検出すると室外ボイラの設定温度をゆらぐように変更して快適さを求めるものや、室外ボイラによる温水の供給量を止めたりして、室内温度に連携して室外ボイラを御制することが行われている。
特開２００３−５７号公報 特開２００１−２９２６４１号公報 Moreover, a hot water room heater is known as a hot water heating system for a house where a human lives. In ordinary households, the control is required for warming a house with much higher confidentiality than that of a greenhouse and for the comfort of residents. For example, the temperature of hot water to be handled is set to a high temperature around 80 degrees in the outdoor boiler. Unlike the greenhouse, the target room temperature setting may be high in the first place, but if the hot water is at a low temperature of about 40 degrees, the air that spouts out will be inhabited even though the water temperature is higher than the target room temperature. It is because the person feels cold. On the other hand, the temperature of the hot water room heater fan can be adjusted by selecting and controlling the number of rotations such as strong wind, medium wind, and weak wind, and the room temperature sensor (room temperature thermistor) in the hot water room heater reaches the target temperature. If it detects that it has been detected, it can change the set temperature of the outdoor boiler so as to change its comfort, or it can control the outdoor boiler in conjunction with the indoor temperature by stopping the amount of hot water supplied by the outdoor boiler. Has been done.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-57 JP 2001-292541 A

ビニールハウスの室内の温度が低下すると作物の生育に影響することから、特に秋季から冬季から春季にかけてはボイラの燃焼時間が長い。一方、原油価格の高騰の影響を受け、燃料として使用される灯油、重油などが高騰しており農家の負担が重いものとなっている。このため、ビニールハウスからの放熱は被覆資材からの放熱と隙間換気を通しての放熱が大半であり、ビニールハウスの内張りとして空気膜フィルムを用いて多重被覆とすることが提案されている。例えば、空気膜フィルムを用いて、重油が３０％前後削減できたとの報告がある一方、空気膜フィルムは外張りフィルムに比べて約４倍のコストがかかるとの報告もある（１０００ｍ2当り６０万円）。   Lowering the temperature in the greenhouse affects the growth of crops, so the boiler combustion time is particularly long from autumn to winter to spring. On the other hand, under the influence of soaring crude oil prices, kerosene and heavy oil used as fuel have soared and the burden on farmers has become heavy. For this reason, the heat radiation from the greenhouse is mostly the heat radiation from the covering material and the heat radiation through the gap ventilation, and it has been proposed to use the air membrane film as the lining of the greenhouse to make multiple coatings. For example, there is a report that heavy oil can be reduced by about 30% using an air film, while there is a report that an air film costs about four times as much as an outer film (600,000 per 1000 m 2). Circle).

また、暖房装置については、温風により暖房を行う方式のボイラでは、湿度の問題がある上に、高熱の温風により暖房するため外気との温度差が大きく、熱が室外に放熱しやすくエネルギーの利用効率が悪い。また、温度と湿度の上昇下降の繰り返しは、ビニールハウス内の作物の寿命を短くする。一方、温水パイプをハウス内に付設する場合には、配管を流れる大量の温水の加熱を行わなければならず、ボイラ、ヒートポンプなどの熱源に係わらず、この加温のために大量のエネルギーを必要とする。温水配管を地中の埋設する場合には、地中の温度変化は比較的安定したものであり温水の流量を可変する制御でも安定した温度制御をすることができる。しかし、ハウス内空中の気温は外気に追従して変化しやすく、温水パイプを流れる温水の流量を可変したり或いは温度を上昇させたりする制御では外気温への追従が遅れる。なお、特許文献１では、発芽温床に巡らせた温水パイプの他に、冷熱部が設けられているが、温水を冷却する目的で設けられたものであり、発芽温床の暖房に利用されていない。   As for the heating system, boilers that use heating with hot air have humidity problems, and because they are heated with hot hot air, there is a large temperature difference from the outside air, and heat is easily dissipated outside the room. The use efficiency of is bad. Also, repeated increases and decreases in temperature and humidity shorten the life of the crops in the greenhouse. On the other hand, when a hot water pipe is installed in a house, a large amount of hot water flowing through the pipe must be heated, and a large amount of energy is required for this heating regardless of the heat source such as a boiler or heat pump. And When the hot water pipe is buried in the ground, the temperature change in the ground is relatively stable, and stable temperature control can be achieved even by control of changing the flow rate of the hot water. However, the air temperature in the house is likely to change following the outside air, and the control of changing the flow rate of the hot water flowing through the hot water pipe or increasing the temperature delays the follow-up to the outside air temperature. In addition, in patent document 1, although the cold-heating part is provided in addition to the hot water pipe circulated to the germination hotbed, it is provided for the purpose of cooling the hot water and is not used for heating the germination hotbed.

一方、人間が居住する家屋に使用される温水ルームヒータは、温水を必要以上に上昇させて、快適性を求めた装置構成となっており、省エネルギー効果に着目した装置構成とはなっていない。先にも述べたように、ビニールハウスでは周囲温度を本来の季節よりも早めて作物を栽培するものであり、放熱の観点で家屋よりも劣るビニールハウスで省エネルギー化を図る用途には温水ルームヒータは利用できない。   On the other hand, a hot water room heater used in a house where humans live has an apparatus configuration in which hot water is raised more than necessary to obtain comfort, and does not have an apparatus configuration that pays attention to an energy saving effect. As mentioned earlier, greenhouses are used to cultivate crops with ambient temperatures faster than the original season, and hot water room heaters are used to save energy in greenhouses that are inferior to houses in terms of heat dissipation. Is not available.

本発明の課題は、このような点に鑑みて、エネルギー効率を向上させ、かつ気温の変化に追従できる施設園芸用暖房設備を提供することにある。   The subject of this invention is providing the facility horticulture heating equipment which can improve energy efficiency and can track the change of temperature in view of such a point.

上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は施設園芸の温室内温度を一定に保つ暖房装置において、温室内外を循環する温水パイプと、温室外に設けられ帰還した温水の水温を検出して目標の一定温度に保持するよう加温して送出する加温装置と、温室内に離散的に設けられ、放熱配管と該放熱配管に温室内空気を吹き当てるファンとを有する複数の熱交換器と、温室内の前記複数の熱交換器の間に設置され、温室内の温度を検出する温度検出器と、前記温度検出器の検出温度が目標値より下回る場合、あるいは上回る場合には、前記各熱交換器のファンをオン或いはオフする制御装置とを有し、前記温水パイプは、前記加温装置と前記熱交換器とを温水が循環するように接続するものであることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a heating device that maintains a constant temperature in a greenhouse for facility horticulture by detecting the temperature of a hot water pipe that circulates inside and outside the greenhouse and the temperature of warm water that is provided outside the greenhouse and returns to the target. A plurality of heat exchangers each having a heating device that heats and sends the air so as to maintain a constant temperature; and a plurality of heat exchangers provided discretely in the greenhouse, and having a heat radiating pipe and a fan that blows air in the greenhouse to the heat radiating pipe; A temperature detector that is installed between the plurality of heat exchangers in the greenhouse and detects the temperature in the greenhouse, and when the detected temperature of the temperature detector is lower or higher than a target value, And a control device for turning on or off a fan of the heat exchanger, wherein the hot water pipe connects the warming device and the heat exchanger so that hot water circulates.

本発明によれば、施設園芸の温室の暖房において、使用するエネルギーの損失を抑止し、気温の変化に追従することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the loss of the energy to be used can be suppressed and the change of temperature can be tracked in the heating of the greenhouse of facility horticulture.

以下に、図面を参照して、本発明を適用した施設園芸用暖房設備１の実施例を説明する。図１において加温装置として利用する温水ボイラ２が、ビニールハウス３の室外に設置され、ビニールハウス３の内外を循環する温水パイプ（往路パイプ４、復路パイプ５）が設けられている。温水ボイラ２は、バーナ２１、熱交換器２２、復路パイプ５を介して帰還した温水の温度測定する温度検出器２４、目標温度が設定される温水温度設定器２５と、温度検出器２４が目標温度を下回るときにバーナ２１を点火する制御部２６を有している。   Below, with reference to drawings, the example of heating equipment 1 for horticultural horticulture to which the present invention is applied is described. In FIG. 1, a hot water boiler 2 used as a warming device is installed outside the greenhouse 3, and hot water pipes (outward pipe 4 and return pipe 5) that circulate inside and outside the greenhouse 3 are provided. The hot water boiler 2 includes a burner 21, a heat exchanger 22, a temperature detector 24 for measuring the temperature of the hot water returned via the return pipe 5, a hot water temperature setting device 25 for setting a target temperature, and a temperature detector 24 as a target. It has the control part 26 which ignites the burner 21 when it falls below temperature.

熱交換器２２において加温された温水は、循環ポンプ２７により往路パイプ４へ送り出される。熱交換器２２の容量は４0リットルであり、往路復路パイプを循環する温水量よりも大きい容量となっている。本実施例においては、ビニールハウス３の目標設定温度が１８度とされており、温水温度設定器２５にはその２倍程度の４０度が設定され、温水の温度一定制御がなされる。   The hot water heated in the heat exchanger 22 is sent out to the forward pipe 4 by the circulation pump 27. The capacity of the heat exchanger 22 is 40 liters, which is larger than the amount of hot water circulating in the forward return pipe. In this embodiment, the target set temperature of the greenhouse 3 is set to 18 degrees, and the hot water temperature setting device 25 is set to 40 degrees, which is about twice that temperature, and the temperature of the hot water is controlled to be constant.

ビニールハウス３内には、往路パイプ４より温水を受けて、復路パイプ５へ循環させる熱交換器6、７が設置されている。熱交換器6、７の配置は、ビニールハウス３内において距離をおいて離散的であり、本実施例においてはビニールハウス３の壁伝いであって、中心から見て左右に配置されている。熱交換器6、７は、プレートフィンチューブ式の冷却構造を持つ熱交換器であり、往路パイプ４と復路パイプ５との間に並列に接続されている。熱交換器6、７は同等の構成であるので、熱交換器６のみを説明する。熱交換器６は、多数の放熱板６２が設けられた放熱配管６１と、放熱板６２に対してハウス３内の空気を吹き当てるファン６３が設けられている。放熱配管６１の容量は５リットルである。ファン６３により暖められた空気を再度ハウス３内に戻すことにより、暖房が行われる。熱交換器6、７間のビニールハウス３の中央位置には、温度検出器１０が設置されており、ハウス３内の温度を測定している。測定された温度は、電源制御部８に送られる。室内温度設定器９はハウス３内の目標温度（１８度）を保持しており、電源制御部８は、測定温度が目標温度を下回ったときにファン６３をオンし、上回るとオフすることにより、室温を一定に保つように制御する。オンオフの契機となる目標温度は、互いに異なるものでも良いし、同じでも良い。温水ボイラ２と熱交換器6、７を結ぶ往復路パイプ6、７はできるだけ短いほうが、必要とされる温水量を少なくできるので望ましい。放熱配管６１の容量が５リットルであり、これを２台有しているので、温水ボイラ２の熱交換機２２の容量の４０リットルに対して、３０リットルほど温水ボイラ２に余裕がある。温水パイプ４、５はできるだけ短くして容量を少なくした方が温度変化に対する追従性が良くなる。   In the greenhouse 3, heat exchangers 6 and 7 for receiving hot water from the forward pipe 4 and circulating to the return pipe 5 are installed. The arrangement of the heat exchangers 6 and 7 is discrete with a distance in the greenhouse 3. In this embodiment, the heat exchangers 6 and 7 are along the wall of the greenhouse 3 and are arranged on the left and right as viewed from the center. The heat exchangers 6 and 7 are heat exchangers having a plate fin tube type cooling structure, and are connected in parallel between the forward pipe 4 and the backward pipe 5. Since the heat exchangers 6 and 7 have the same configuration, only the heat exchanger 6 will be described. The heat exchanger 6 is provided with a heat radiating pipe 61 provided with a large number of heat radiating plates 62 and a fan 63 for blowing air in the house 3 against the heat radiating plates 62. The capacity of the heat radiating pipe 61 is 5 liters. Heating is performed by returning the air heated by the fan 63 back into the house 3. A temperature detector 10 is installed at the central position of the greenhouse 3 between the heat exchangers 6 and 7 to measure the temperature in the house 3. The measured temperature is sent to the power supply control unit 8. The indoor temperature setter 9 holds the target temperature (18 degrees) in the house 3, and the power supply control unit 8 turns on the fan 63 when the measured temperature falls below the target temperature, and turns off when the measured temperature exceeds the target temperature. Control to keep the room temperature constant. The target temperatures that trigger on / off may be different or the same. It is desirable that the reciprocating pipes 6 and 7 connecting the hot water boiler 2 and the heat exchangers 6 and 7 are as short as possible because the required amount of hot water can be reduced. Since the capacity of the heat radiating pipe 61 is 5 liters and there are two of them, the hot water boiler 2 has a margin of about 30 liters compared to 40 liters of the capacity of the heat exchanger 22 of the hot water boiler 2. When the hot water pipes 4 and 5 are made as short as possible to reduce the capacity, the followability to the temperature change is improved.

施設園芸用暖房設１の作用について説明する。温水ボイラ２は、復路パイプ５の温水温度によりバーナ２１をオンオフしているのみであり、ハウス３内の温度については感知していない。また、循環ポンプ２７の送水能力は一定である。従って、往路パイプ４の水温は、目標温度４０度程度に保たれた状態で定常的に流れている。仮に温水ボイラ２の温度制御をハウス３内の温度にリンクさせたとすると、ハウス３内の温度が低下した場合には、温水ボイラ２で沸かす温水温度が高くなり、外気との温度差が本実施例のものよりも高くなってしまい、放熱による損失が増加することになる。これに比べて、本実施例においては、目標温度４０度程度に保たれるため、放熱による損失が少ない。また、温水ボイラ２は、室内温度との連携が無く独立に動くものであるため、独立したユニットとして増設、変更が容易である。   The operation of the facility gardening heating system 1 will be described. The hot water boiler 2 only turns on / off the burner 21 according to the hot water temperature of the return pipe 5, and does not sense the temperature in the house 3. Further, the water supply capacity of the circulation pump 27 is constant. Accordingly, the water temperature of the forward pipe 4 constantly flows with the target temperature maintained at about 40 degrees. Assuming that the temperature control of the hot water boiler 2 is linked to the temperature in the house 3, when the temperature in the house 3 is lowered, the temperature of the hot water boiling in the hot water boiler 2 is increased, and the temperature difference from the outside air is carried out. It becomes higher than the example, and the loss due to heat dissipation increases. Compared to this, in the present embodiment, the target temperature is kept at about 40 degrees, so that there is little loss due to heat dissipation. Moreover, since the hot water boiler 2 moves independently without cooperation with the room temperature, it can be easily added and changed as an independent unit.

一方、ハウス３内の熱交換機６、７では、ハウス３内の温度に基づいて、ファン６３がオンオフ制御されている。従って、温度４０度乃至４５度程度の低い熱源を利用しているが、放熱フィン６２を通過する風量が制御されるため、単なる熱伝導による放熱に比べて、気温変化への追従性が良い。熱交換機６、７の噴出し口の温度は、温水の温度より低下（１０度C程度）する。このため、噴出し温度は、３０乃至３５度程度で初夏程度の空気温度であって、作物が自然界で接する温度であって、作物に対する負荷が小さい。また、噴出し温度は、温室内の温度と温度差が大きくないため、温風だけが分離して室内天井に集まることも少ない。熱交換器６、７の起動と停止の温度差を小さく（例えば、０．３度）と設定しておけば、ファン６３が頻繁に起動と停止を繰り返し、温室内の空気を均等にし、またこのような風の流れがあることにより、作物の成長率が向上する。   On the other hand, in the heat exchangers 6 and 7 in the house 3, the fan 63 is on / off controlled based on the temperature in the house 3. Therefore, although a low heat source with a temperature of about 40 to 45 degrees is used, the air volume passing through the radiation fins 62 is controlled, so that the followability to the temperature change is better than the heat radiation by simple heat conduction. The temperature at the outlet of the heat exchangers 6 and 7 is lower than the temperature of the hot water (about 10 degrees C). For this reason, the ejection temperature is about 30 to 35 degrees Celsius, the air temperature is about the beginning of summer, the temperature at which the crop is in contact with nature, and the load on the crop is small. In addition, since the temperature difference between the blowout temperature and the temperature inside the greenhouse is not large, it is unlikely that only warm air is separated and collected on the indoor ceiling. If the temperature difference between the start and stop of the heat exchangers 6 and 7 is set to be small (for example, 0.3 degrees), the fan 63 will frequently start and stop, and the air in the greenhouse will be made even, The presence of such wind flow improves the crop growth rate.

さらに、温水パイプをハウス内に付設するものと比べて、温水ボイラと熱交換器6、７間の配管だけで良いため、使用する水量が削減できる。ビニールハウス面積 １０００ｍ２程度のものであれば、水量は約１／５程度となり、水温を維持するためのエネルギー消費を抑えることができる。   Furthermore, since only a pipe between the hot water boiler and the heat exchangers 6 and 7 is required as compared with a hot water pipe attached in the house, the amount of water used can be reduced. If the greenhouse area is about 1000 m 2, the amount of water is about 1/5, and energy consumption for maintaining the water temperature can be suppressed.

尚、ハウス３の面積が大きい場合や、気温の低下が著しく熱容量が足りないときには、施設園芸用暖房設備１を複数台設置することにより対応すればよい。また、加温装置として温水ボイラを使用したが、これに代えてヒートポンプを利用しても良い。この場合、ヒートポンプにより発生させる温水の加温制御は、温水ボイラの場合と同様に温度を一定に保つ制御である。ヒートポンプでは、電気は熱エネルギーではなく熱を移動させる動力源として利用されるため、消費電力の数倍の熱を利用できるといわれており、さらなる省エネルギー化が図れる。また、温水パイプとしては通常鉄管或いは銅管を用いるものであるが、本実施例の温水パイプを流れる温水の温度は高々４０度程度であり、安価な合成樹脂のパイプを利用できる。   In addition, when the area of the house 3 is large or when the temperature is significantly lowered and the heat capacity is insufficient, it is only necessary to install a plurality of facility horticulture heating facilities 1. Moreover, although the hot water boiler was used as a heating apparatus, it may replace with this and may utilize a heat pump. In this case, the warming water heating control generated by the heat pump is a control for keeping the temperature constant as in the case of the hot water boiler. In heat pumps, electricity is used as a power source that moves heat, not heat energy, so it is said that heat several times the power consumption can be used, and further energy saving can be achieved. Moreover, although an iron pipe or a copper pipe is normally used as the hot water pipe, the temperature of the hot water flowing through the hot water pipe of this embodiment is about 40 degrees at most, and an inexpensive synthetic resin pipe can be used.

（実験例）
（１）暖房専用温水ボイラ 株式会社長府製作所 形式名 ＤＢ−4000
総発熱量 ３４０００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
燃料消費量 ４．５リットル／ｈ（灯油）
消費電力 ２３０ｗ（５０Ｈｚ）、２７５ｗ（６０Ｈｚ） 単層１００ｖ
重量 ６２ｋｇ
（２）熱交換器 三菱電機株式会社 形式名 ＲＭ−Ｐ３７Ａ１
８８ｗ送風機×２ 風量 ９６ｍ３／分（５０Ｈｚ）、１０３ｍ３（６０Ｈｚ）
（３）ビニールハウス面積 １１１６．５ｍ２（ハウス内高低差４．５ｍ）
外張りフィルムと空気膜フィルムの多重被覆（２重張り） (Experimental example)
(1) Hot water boiler for heating only Chofu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Model name DB-4000
Total calorific value 34,000 kcal / h
Fuel consumption 4.5 l / h (kerosene)
Power consumption 230w (50Hz), 275w (60Hz) Single layer 100v
Weight 62kg
(2) Heat exchanger Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Model name RM-P37A1
88w blower x 2 Air volume 96m3 / min (50Hz), 103m3 (60Hz)
(3) Plastic house area 1116.5m2 (house height difference 4.5m)
Multiple coating of outer film and air film (double tension)

暖房専用温水ボイラを２台用いて、熱交換器として３．７５ｋｗ相当のコンデンシングユニットを４台組み合わせて運転した。このコンデンシングユニットは圧縮機を有しておらず、通常は室外機として利用されるものであり、温水を循環させるようにするとともに、ファンの制御を外部からできるように改造した。   Two heating-only hot water boilers were used, and four condensing units equivalent to 3.75 kW were combined for operation as a heat exchanger. This condensing unit does not have a compressor, and is normally used as an outdoor unit. It is modified so that hot water is circulated and the fan can be controlled from the outside.

（比較例）
（１）温風暖房機 株式会社長府製作所 形式名 ＦＡ１２０３Ｌ
総発熱量 １０００００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
燃料消費量 １１．５リットル／ｈ（Ａ重油）
消費電力 ２．０ｋｗ（５０Ｈｚ）、２．２ｋｗ（６０Ｈｚ）３相３線２００ｖ
重量 ３７５ｋｇ
（２）ビニールハウス面積 １１３１．５ｍ２（ハウス内高低差４．５ｍ）
外張りフィルムと空気膜フィルムの多重被覆（２重張り） (Comparative example)
(1) Warm air heater Chofu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Model name FA1203L
Total calorific value 100,000 kcal / h
Fuel consumption 11.5 liter / h (A heavy oil)
Power consumption 2.0kw (50Hz), 2.2kw (60Hz) 3-phase 3-wire 200v
Weight 375kg
(2) Plastic house area 1131.5m2 (House height difference 4.5m)
Multiple coating of outer film and air film (double tension)

図２は、実験例、比較例における装置の配置を示すものである。尚、図中、カッコ内の数値は距離（単位ｍ）を表している。図２Ａの実験例においては、温水ボイラ２と特殊用途室外機（熱交換器６，７）からなる系統を２つ設けており、夫々が温室３の図中左壁側に並んで設置されている。温度検出器１０は、温室３のほぼ中央位置に設けられている。一方、比較例においては、温風暖房機１１は温室３０の左壁の中央位置に設置されており、図中上下に温風ホース１２を配置して壁側から温風が吹き出すようにした。   FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of apparatuses in the experimental example and the comparative example. In the figure, the numerical value in parentheses represents the distance (unit m). In the experimental example of FIG. 2A, two systems composed of a hot water boiler 2 and special purpose outdoor units (heat exchangers 6 and 7) are provided, and each is installed side by side on the left wall side of the greenhouse 3 in the figure. Yes. The temperature detector 10 is provided at a substantially central position of the greenhouse 3. On the other hand, in the comparative example, the warm air heater 11 is installed at the center position of the left wall of the greenhouse 30, and the warm air hose 12 is disposed at the top and bottom in the drawing so that the warm air blows out from the wall side.

実験例においては、ハウス中央に設置した温度検出器10、１３によりハウス内温度を検出し、ハウス内の温度が摂氏１７．７度に低下したら特殊用途室外機のファンをオンし、１８度に達したらオフするようにして、ハウス内の温度が１８度となるよう制御した。温水温度は４０度に設定されており、特殊用途室外機の噴出し口は３０度程度であった。一方、比較例においてもハウス中央が１８度となるように目標温度を設定した。温風の吹き出し位置は、実験例、比較例ともハウスの周壁の近傍である。比較例においては、ハウス内にビニールダクトを設置し、噴出し位置を複数個所とした。図３は、ハウス内温度を１８度に設定した４日間の実験を行った際における、ある日の夜間（２００８年４月１日〜２日 於 岡山県高梁市）に１分おきにハウス内外温度の検出した結果である。図３において、曲線Ａが実験例における温度検出器10の検出温度であり、曲線Ｂが温度検出器1３の検出温度である。尚、曲線Ｃは、外気温度を示している。   In the experimental example, the temperature in the house is detected by the temperature detectors 10 and 13 installed in the center of the house, and when the temperature in the house decreases to 17.7 degrees Celsius, the fan of the special purpose outdoor unit is turned on, and the temperature is increased to 18 degrees. When it reached, it was turned off and the temperature inside the house was controlled to 18 degrees. The hot water temperature was set to 40 degrees, and the outlet of the special purpose outdoor unit was about 30 degrees. On the other hand, also in the comparative example, the target temperature was set so that the center of the house was 18 degrees. The blowing position of the warm air is in the vicinity of the peripheral wall of the house in both the experimental example and the comparative example. In the comparative example, a vinyl duct was installed in the house, and a plurality of ejection positions were provided. Figure 3 shows the inside and outside of the house every other minute at night (April 1-2, 2008 in Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture) during a four-day experiment with the house temperature set at 18 degrees. This is the result of temperature detection. In FIG. 3, the curve A is the detected temperature of the temperature detector 10 in the experimental example, and the curve B is the detected temperature of the temperature detector 13. Curve C indicates the outside air temperature.

比較例においては中心部の温度を１８度に設定していたにも係わらず外気温度が５〜６度以下になると、ハウス内温度が降下し始め、明け方の５〜６時に１５度まで低下した。実験例においては、明け方に１〜１．５度温度を下げたものの、温度曲線がほぼ横ばいの安定した室温が保たれた。   In the comparative example, although the temperature of the central portion was set to 18 degrees, when the outside air temperature became 5 to 6 degrees or less, the temperature in the house began to drop and decreased to 15 degrees at 5 to 6 o'clock at dawn. . In the experimental example, although the temperature was lowered by 1 to 1.5 degrees at dawn, a stable room temperature was maintained with the temperature curve almost unchanged.

実験の４日間で消費した燃料は、実験例で２３５リットル（灯油）、比較例３００リットル（Ａ重油）であり、２２％実験例の方が少なかった。この事実から、比較例でしようしたボイラ（100000ｋｃａｌ／ｈ）は、１時間当たり１１．５リットルの重油を消費しているのに対し、実験例では２台で９リットル（１台あたり４．５リットル）の灯油を消費している。従って、実験例、比較例いずれのボイラもフル燃焼状態であったと考えられる。また、比較例においては明け方に温度低下が観察されたことから、熱量が不足していたと考えられる。これを補うためにはさらに５〜１０％程度Ａ重油を使用すると予想されることから、実験例では比較例に比べて３０％程度の省エネルギーを達成したと考えられる。   The fuel consumed in the four days of the experiment was 235 liters (kerosene) in the experimental example and 300 liters (A heavy oil) in the comparative example, with 22% less in the experimental example. From this fact, the boiler (100,000 kcal / h) used in the comparative example consumes 11.5 liters of heavy oil per hour, whereas in the experimental example, two boilers are 9 liters (4.5 liters per vehicle). Liter) of kerosene. Therefore, it is considered that both the experimental example and the comparative example were in a full combustion state. Moreover, in the comparative example, since the temperature fall was observed at dawn, it is thought that there was insufficient heat quantity. In order to make up for this, it is expected that about 5 to 10% of A heavy oil will be used. Therefore, it is considered that the experimental example achieved energy saving of about 30% as compared with the comparative example.

一方、使用電力については、実験例では１０７ｋｗ／ｈ、比較例では１３３ｋｗ／ｈであり、電力面からも省エネルギーを達成できた。尚、本実験において、温水ボイラを２台としたのは、当初８度を目標に１台で実験を開始したが、目標温度を２度ずつ上昇させるにつれて、このまま上げ続けると温水ボイラの能力が足りなくなることが判明し、最終的に２台となった。   On the other hand, the electric power used was 107 kw / h in the experimental example and 133 kw / h in the comparative example, and energy saving was achieved from the power aspect. In this experiment, two hot water boilers were used, but the experiment was started with one target at the beginning of 8 degrees. However, as the target temperature is increased by 2 degrees, if the temperature is continuously increased, the capacity of the hot water boiler is increased. It became clear that it was insufficient, and finally it became two.

上記実験例で用いた温水ボイラは家庭用であって安価である（空気膜フィルムと同等）。このようなボイラでも大型の温風暖房機と同等以上の暖房能力を発揮できるため、導入コストを低額に抑えることができる。また温水ボイラは軽量であり、移設が容易であるという効果がある。さらに、温水パイプをハウス内に循環付設するよりも導入コストが低い。   The hot water boiler used in the above experimental example is for home use and is inexpensive (equivalent to an air film). Even such a boiler can exhibit a heating capability equivalent to or larger than that of a large-sized hot air heater, so that the introduction cost can be kept low. Also, the hot water boiler is lightweight and has the effect of being easily relocated. Furthermore, the introduction cost is lower than that of circulating hot water pipes in the house.

施設園芸用暖房設備１のシステム構成図である。1 is a system configuration diagram of a facility horticulture heating facility 1. FIG. 実験例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an experiment example. 実験例における温室内温度変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the temperature change in the greenhouse in an experiment example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 施設園芸用暖房設備
２ 温水ボイラ
３ ビニールハウス
４ 往路パイプ
５ 復路パイプ
６、７ 熱交換器
８ 電源制御部
１０ 温度検出器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heating facilities for horticulture 2 Warm water boiler 3 Plastic house 4 Outward pipe 5 Return pipe 6, 7 Heat exchanger 8 Power supply control part 10 Temperature detector

Claims (3)

施設園芸の温室の暖房を行う施設園芸用暖房装置において、
温室内外を循環する温水パイプと、
前記温室外に設けられ帰還した温水の水温を検出して目標の一定温度に保持するよう加温して送出する加温装置と、
前記温室内に距離を置いて設けられ、放熱配管と該放熱配管に温室内空気を吹き当てるファンとを有する複数の熱交換器と、
前記温室内に設置され、温室内の温度を検出する温度検出器と、
前記温度検出器の検出温度が目標値より下回る場合、あるいは上回る場合には、前記各熱交換器のファンをオン或いはオフする制御装置とを有し、
前記温水パイプは、前記加温装置と前記複数の熱交換器とを温水が循環するように接続するものであることを特徴とする施設園芸用暖房装置。 In the facility horticulture heating device that heats the greenhouse in the facility horticulture,
Hot water pipes circulating inside and outside the greenhouse,
A heating device that is provided outside the greenhouse and detects the water temperature of the returned warm water and heats it to keep it at a target constant temperature; and
A plurality of heat exchangers provided at a distance in the greenhouse, and having a heat radiating pipe and a fan for blowing air in the greenhouse to the heat radiating pipe,
A temperature detector installed in the greenhouse for detecting the temperature in the greenhouse;
When the detected temperature of the temperature detector is lower than the target value, or when it exceeds, a control device for turning on or off the fan of each heat exchanger,
The facility horticulture heating device, wherein the warm water pipe connects the warming device and the plurality of heat exchangers so that warm water circulates. 請求項１の施設園芸用暖房装置において、前記加温装置は帰還した温水の水温が設定値よりも下回った際にはバーナを点火する温水ボイラであることを特徴とする施設園芸用暖房装置。   2. The facility horticulture heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the warming device is a hot water boiler that ignites a burner when the temperature of the returned warm water falls below a set value. 請求項２の施設園芸用暖房装置において、前記温水ボイラの設定温度は４０乃至４５度であることを特徴とする施設園芸用暖房装置。   3. The facility horticulture heating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a set temperature of the hot water boiler is 40 to 45 degrees.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103416264A (en) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 江苏大学 Wind power and fuel complementary type greenhouse heating device and control method
KR101471479B1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-11 하이에어공조 주식회사 Fan coil unit system using air to water heat exchange type heat pump
JP2021023196A (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-02-22 スナオ電気株式会社 Heating system of greenhouse

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JPS62275623A (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-30 ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 Temperature control system of greenhouse
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KR101471479B1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-11 하이에어공조 주식회사 Fan coil unit system using air to water heat exchange type heat pump
CN103416264A (en) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 江苏大学 Wind power and fuel complementary type greenhouse heating device and control method
JP2021023196A (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-02-22 スナオ電気株式会社 Heating system of greenhouse

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