JP2010019031A - Tunnel reinforcing structure, its construction method, and timbering used therefor - Google Patents

Tunnel reinforcing structure, its construction method, and timbering used therefor Download PDF

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JP2010019031A
JP2010019031A JP2008181898A JP2008181898A JP2010019031A JP 2010019031 A JP2010019031 A JP 2010019031A JP 2008181898 A JP2008181898 A JP 2008181898A JP 2008181898 A JP2008181898 A JP 2008181898A JP 2010019031 A JP2010019031 A JP 2010019031A
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tunnel
inner peripheral
peripheral wall
support
support body
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JP5071281B2 (en
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Michiya Oura
道哉 大浦
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Obayashi Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel reinforcing structure easily and safely constructed in a simple structure and capable of surely integrating a tunnel wall surface with a timbering using spray concrete, its construction method, and the timbering used therefor. <P>SOLUTION: In this tunnel reinforcing structure 1, an enlarged space 22 is formed by enlarging the bottom part of the inner peripheral wall 20 of an excavated tunnel and the timbering 10 is built in such a manner that reinforcements 14 are stored in the enlarged space 22. The timbering comprising a timbering body 12 for supporting the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel and the reinforcements 14 both ends of which are fixed to the leg of the timbering body 12 and which are provided in such a manner as to extend from the timbering body 12 to the earth side is installed on the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel in which the enlarged space 22 is formed. The inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel is sprayed with concrete 24 in such a manner that the reinforcements 14 stored in the enlarged space 22 and the timbering body 12 are formed integrally with each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、トンネルの補強構造に係り、特に、簡易な構成で、簡便かつ安全に施工できるとともに、トンネル内周面と支保工とを吹き付けコンクリートで確実に一体化させることが可能な技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a tunnel reinforcement structure, and more particularly, to a technique that can be simply and safely constructed with a simple configuration and can be reliably integrated with a sprayed concrete between an inner peripheral surface of a tunnel and a support work.

山岳トンネルの施工にあたり、ダイナマイトや掘削機械等によって地盤を掘削し、掘削したトンネルの内周壁を素早く吹き付けコンクリートで固め、岩盤とコンクリートとを固定するロックボルトを岩盤奥深く打ち込むことにより、トンネル周辺の地山自体のアーチアクションを期待してトンネル構造を安定させるＮＡＴＭ（Ｎｅｗ Ａｕｓｔｒｉａｎ Ｔｕｎｎｅｌｌｉｎｇ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）が広く実施されている。   In the construction of a mountain tunnel, the ground is excavated with dynamite or excavating machinery, the inner wall of the excavated tunnel is quickly blown into concrete, and rock bolts that fix the rock and concrete are driven deep into the ground around the tunnel. NATM (New Australian Tunneling Method) that stabilizes the tunnel structure in anticipation of the arch action of the mountain itself is widely implemented.

この工法では、地盤掘削時に低強度地山に遭遇した場合に、コンクリートの吹き付け前にトンネルの内周壁に鋼製支保工を建て込んでトンネル内周壁を補強することがあり、一般な鋼製支保工では、トンネル内周壁を支持する鋼製支保工の下端が、掘削された地山底面により支持されている。このため、地山の耐力が小さいときは、鋼製支保工に掛かる荷重で鋼製支保工の脚部が地山に沈下することがある。   In this method, when a low-strength ground is encountered during ground excavation, a steel support is built in the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel before concrete is sprayed to reinforce the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. In the construction, the lower end of the steel support that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel is supported by the excavated ground bottom. For this reason, when the yield strength of a natural ground is small, the leg part of a steel structural support may sink into the natural ground with the load applied to a steel structural support.

これに対し、従来より鋼製支保工の脚部の沈下を抑制するための技術が提案されている。   On the other hand, conventionally, a technique for suppressing the settlement of the legs of the steel support has been proposed.

例えば、特許文献１には、鋼製支保工の下端に外方に突出する底板を取り付けて支持面積を大きくすることにより、鋼製支保工から地山に伝達する単位面積当たりの荷重を軽減して、鋼製支保工の脚部の沈下を抑制する補助支持具（以下、ウィングリブという）が開示されている。
特開平９−１９５６９６号公報 For example, Patent Document 1 reduces the load per unit area transmitted from a steel support to a natural ground by attaching a bottom plate protruding outward to the lower end of the steel support to increase the support area. An auxiliary support (hereinafter referred to as wing ribs) that suppresses the settlement of the legs of the steel support is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-195696

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載される支保工のウイングリブは、底板とともに、鋼製支保工の外周側に底板を支持するための支持材が取り付けられており、かかる支持材として、鋼製支保工に作用する荷重を底板に充分に伝達させるために、所定の剛性を有する部材が使用される（例えば、Ｈ型鋼）。このようなウイングリブを取り付けられた支保工は、普通型の支保工と比べて重量が重くなり、また重量バランスも悪くなるので、トンネル内周壁での建て込み作業性が低下する。また、このような重量物をトンネル内に搬入したり設置したりするのに、専用機が必要となる場合もある。   However, the wing rib of the support described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a support for supporting the bottom plate on the outer peripheral side of the steel support along with the bottom plate. In order to sufficiently transmit the load acting on the bottom plate to the bottom plate, a member having a predetermined rigidity is used (for example, H-shaped steel). Such a supporting work attached with wing ribs is heavier than a normal supporting work, and the weight balance is also deteriorated, so that the workability of erection on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel is lowered. In addition, a dedicated machine may be required to carry or install such heavy objects in the tunnel.

また、このようにウイングリブは、構成部材が比較的大掛かりなものであるため、一般に、工場で製作及び組み立てがなされ、その後現場に搬入する。そのため、トンネル施工中に地山が急に悪くなった場合等の緊急時に対する早急な対応ができないことがある。   In addition, since the wing rib is a relatively large component as described above, the wing rib is generally manufactured and assembled at a factory, and then carried to the site. For this reason, there is a case where an immediate response to an emergency such as when a natural ground suddenly deteriorates during tunnel construction may not be possible.

また、特許文献１に記載の鋼製支保工の建て込みでは、鋼製支保工の建て込み前に、ウイングリブを設置するための領域を確保すべく、ウイングリブの形状に対応させた、先端が鋭角形状の拡幅空間を、掘削面の前方に向かって両脚部の底部（トンネル内周壁の底部）に形成する必要がある。この拡幅空間を形成するための掘削を、根掘りと呼んでいる。   In addition, in the construction of the steel support described in Patent Document 1, the front end corresponding to the shape of the wing rib in order to secure a region for installing the wing rib before the steel support construction. However, it is necessary to form a widening space having an acute angle shape at the bottom of both legs (the bottom of the inner wall of the tunnel) toward the front of the excavation surface. The excavation for forming this widening space is called root excavation.

しかしながら、かかる根掘りは狭所の作業となるため、通常、人力によるものであるとともに、鋭角形状に掘削された地山は強度不足のため、地山自体が安定するアーチアクションを期待できるまで、表面崩壊（肌落）を生じやすい。   However, since such digging is a narrow work, it is usually due to human power, and the natural ground excavated into an acute angle shape is insufficient in strength, so that the natural ground itself can be expected to have a stable arch action, It tends to cause surface disintegration (skin removal).

また、根掘り後も、ウイングリブの底板を地山底面に密着支持させるために地山表面の整形及び均しを行う必要があり、作業が長引いてしまう。   In addition, even after digging, it is necessary to shape and level the natural ground surface in order to support the bottom plate of the wing rib in close contact with the natural ground bottom surface, and the work is prolonged.

さらに、ＮＡＴＭでは、ウイングリブ付きの鋼製支保工の建て込み後にトンネル内周壁にコンクリートを鋼製支保工と一体となるように吹き付けるが、この時ウイングリブの支持材が障害となって、トンネル内周壁と鋼製支保工との間に充分にコンクリートを充填できず、吹き付けコンクリートと鋼製支保工とが充分に一体化できないおそれがある。   Furthermore, in NATM, concrete is sprayed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel after the construction of the steel support with wing ribs so that it is integrated with the steel support. There is a possibility that the concrete cannot be sufficiently filled between the inner peripheral wall and the steel support, and the sprayed concrete and the steel support cannot be sufficiently integrated.

本発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、簡易な構成で、簡便かつ安全に施工できるとともに、トンネル壁面と支保工とを吹き付けコンクリートで確実に一体化させることが可能なトンネル補強構造及びその施工方法、並びにこれに用いられる支保工を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has a simple structure, a tunnel reinforcement structure that can be simply and safely constructed, and can be reliably integrated with a sprayed concrete between a tunnel wall surface and a supporting work. It is another object of the present invention to provide a construction method and a supporting method used therefor.

上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、掘削されたトンネルを、支保工と吹き付けコンクリートとにより補強するトンネル補強構造であって、
掘削されたトンネルの内周壁の底部を拡幅して拡幅空間を形成し、
前記拡幅空間が形成されたトンネルの内周壁に、前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備える支保工を、前記線材が前記拡幅空間に収納されるように建て込み、
前記拡幅空間に収納された線材及び前記支保工本体と一体になるように、前記トンネルの内周壁にコンクリートを吹き付けてなることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel reinforcing structure in which an excavated tunnel is reinforced by a supporting work and sprayed concrete,
Widen the bottom of the inner wall of the excavated tunnel to form a widened space,
On the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel in which the widened space is formed, a support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along the circumferential direction, and both ends are fixed to the legs of the support body, from the support body A supporting work provided with a wire rod provided so as to project to the natural ground side is built so that the wire rod is stored in the widened space,
Concrete is sprayed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the wire rod housed in the widened space and the support body.

本発明のトンネル補強構造によれば、トンネルの内周壁底部に形成された拡幅空間周辺で、支保工と、線材とが、吹き付けコンクリートとが一体化する剛体となる。すなわち、本発明のトンネル補強構造では、地山から作用された荷重を、通常の支保工と吹き付けコンクリートとからなるトンネル構造補強と比べて、地山との接触面積が大きい拡幅空間全体で支持することから、地山に伝達する単位面積当たりの荷重が軽減されるので、支保工の下端部の沈下を抑制することができる。   According to the tunnel reinforcement structure of the present invention, the supporting work and the wire become a rigid body integrated with the sprayed concrete around the widening space formed at the bottom of the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. That is, in the tunnel reinforcing structure of the present invention, the load applied from the natural ground is supported by the entire widened space having a large contact area with the natural ground compared to the tunnel structural reinforcement composed of ordinary support work and sprayed concrete. Since the load per unit area transmitted to the natural ground is reduced, it is possible to suppress the settlement of the lower end portion of the support work.

また、特許文献１に記載の底板や支持材からなるウイングリブのような重量物と比べると、支保工には軽量な線材が設けられることから、支保工の重量が軽くなるうえ、支保工の重量バランスが普通型の支保工から大幅に変更されることないため、建て込み作業を安全に行うことができる。また、トンネル内への搬入や設置作業を、特に専用機を用いることなく従来と同様の要領で行うことができる。   Moreover, compared with the heavy article like the wing rib which consists of a baseplate and the support material of patent document 1, since a light wire is provided in a support work, in addition to the weight of a support work becoming lighter, Since the weight balance is not significantly changed from the ordinary support work, the erection work can be performed safely. Moreover, the carrying-in and installation work in a tunnel can be performed in the same manner as before without using a special machine.

また、線材は、現場で簡単に成形して支保工本体に設置できるので、地山が急に悪くなった場合等の緊急時に、早急な対応をとることができる。   In addition, since the wire can be easily molded at the site and installed on the support body, it is possible to take immediate action in an emergency such as when the ground suddenly deteriorates.

また、本発明の支保工を設置する際には、特許文献１に記載のウイングリブのように、トンネル内周壁の底部を地山のアーチアクションが期待しにくい先端鋭角状に根掘りする必要がない。すなわち、地山のアーチアクションを生じやすい形状にして、支保工とトンネル内周壁との間に、線材が収納できるような領域を確保することができれば、どのような形状でトンネル内周壁底部を掘削してもよい。例えば、トンネル内周壁を、丸みを帯びた湾曲状の形状に掘削すれば、地山のアーチアクションを促して、地山の安定性を維持することができる。   Moreover, when installing the support of this invention, it is necessary to dig up the bottom part of an inner peripheral wall of a tunnel in the shape of a sharp tip which cannot expect the natural arch action like the wing rib of patent document 1. Absent. In other words, the bottom of the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel can be excavated in any shape as long as the area that can accommodate the wire is secured between the support work and the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel with a shape that can easily cause arch action in the natural ground. May be. For example, if the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel is excavated into a rounded curved shape, the arch action of the natural ground can be promoted, and the stability of the natural ground can be maintained.

また、掘削した後も、ウイングリブの底板を地山底面に密着支持させるための地山表面の整形又は均し作業をする必要もない。   Further, even after excavation, there is no need for shaping or leveling of the natural ground surface so that the bottom plate of the wing rib is closely supported by the natural ground bottom.

また、支保工の下端部を吹き付けコンクリートと一体化させるための部材として線材を使用していることにより、支保工の建て込み後にトンネル内周壁にコンクリートを吹き付けるときに、特許文献１に記載のウイングリブと比べて、支保工とトンネル内周面との間に空隙が増加するので、コンクリートのトンネル内周壁への吹き付けが容易になるとともに、支保工とトンネル内周面との間に密実にコンクリートを充填できるため、コンクリートと壁面との密着性が向上するので、壁面の安定性が向上するとともに、支保工下端の沈下を抑制することができる。   Further, by using a wire rod as a member for integrating the lower end portion of the support work with the sprayed concrete, the wing described in Patent Document 1 is used when concrete is sprayed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel after the support work is built. Compared to ribs, the gap increases between the support and the tunnel inner peripheral surface, making it easier to spray concrete on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel and making the concrete denser between the support and the tunnel inner peripheral surface. Since the adhesion between the concrete and the wall surface is improved, the stability of the wall surface is improved and the settlement of the lower end of the support work can be suppressed.

また、線材は、両端が支保工に固定され、中央がトンネルの内周壁に建て込まれた支保工の下端部から、拡幅空間におけるトンネルの内周壁側に張り出す形状を有することにより、通常、金属部材をコンクリートに固定するのに用いられるスタッドジベルと比べて、コンクリートに作用するせん断力に抵抗する機能を有することはもとより、地山からの圧縮及び曲げに対する強度が向上する。   Also, the wire rod has a shape that is fixed to the support work at both ends, and has a shape that projects from the lower end of the support work built in the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel to the inner peripheral wall side of the tunnel in the widened space, Compared with a stud gibber used to fix a metal member to concrete, not only has a function of resisting a shearing force acting on concrete, but also strength against compression and bending from a natural ground is improved.

また、本発明において、前記線材は、前記トンネルの内周壁の周方向に沿うような形状を有することとしてもよい。この構成によれば、コンクリートに作用するせん断力に対する抵抗力、並びに地山からの圧縮及び曲げに対する強度を、さらに効果的に向上させることができる。   In the present invention, the wire may have a shape along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. According to this configuration, the resistance to the shearing force acting on the concrete and the strength against compression and bending from the natural ground can be further effectively improved.

また、本発明において、前記線材は、鋼材からなることとしてもよい。   In the present invention, the wire may be made of steel.

また、本発明は、掘削されたトンネルを、支保工と吹き付けコンクリートとにより補強するトンネル補強構造の施工方法であって、掘削されたトンネルの内周壁の底部を拡幅して拡幅空間を形成する拡幅空間形成工程と、前記拡幅空間が形成されたトンネルの内周壁に、前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備える支保工を、前記線材が前記拡幅空間に収納されるように建て込む支保工建て込み工程と、前記拡幅空間に収納された線材及び前記支保工本体と一体になるように、前記トンネルの内周壁にコンクリートを吹き付けるコンクリート吹き付け工程とを備えることを特徴とする。   The present invention also relates to a method for constructing a tunnel reinforcement structure in which an excavated tunnel is reinforced by a supporting work and sprayed concrete, and widening the bottom of the inner peripheral wall of the excavated tunnel to form a widening space. A space forming step, and an inner peripheral wall of the tunnel in which the widened space is formed, a support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along its circumferential direction, and both ends are fixed to the legs of the support body, A supporting work erection process in which a supporting work provided with a wire rod provided so as to project from the support work main body to the natural ground side is built so that the wire is housed in the widening space, and is housed in the widening space. And a concrete spraying step of spraying concrete onto the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the wire and the support body.

また、本発明は、トンネル施工の際に、掘削したトンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持するとともに、トンネルの内周壁に吹き付けられるコンクリートと一体となって設けられる支保工であって、前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備えることを特徴とする。   Further, the present invention is a support work provided integrally with the concrete blown to the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel, while supporting the inner peripheral wall of the excavated tunnel along the circumferential direction during tunnel construction, A support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along its circumferential direction, and a wire that is fixed at both ends to the legs of the support body and that projects from the support body to the natural ground side. It is characterized by providing.

本発明によれば、簡易な構成で、簡便かつ安全に施工できるとともに、トンネル壁面と支保工とを吹き付けコンクリートで確実に一体化させることが可能なトンネル補強構造及びその施工方法、並びにこれに用いられる支保工を提供できる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while being able to construct simply and safely by simple structure, the tunnel reinforcement structure and its construction method which can be made to integrate a tunnel wall surface and a support work reliably with spray concrete, and its use Can provide support.

以下、本発明の好ましい一実施形態について図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
図１は、本実施形態に係る支保工１０の脚部を示す斜視図である。 Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a leg portion of a support work 10 according to the present embodiment.

図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る支保工１０は、例えば、山岳トンネルの施工時に、掘削されたトンネルの内周壁に建て込まれ、その後、内周壁に吹き付けられる吹き付けコンクリートとともに一体化させて用いるものであり、下端に底板１３が設けられた支保工本体１２と、支保工本体１２の脚部外周に設けられた鉄筋１４とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, the support work 10 according to the present embodiment is integrated with sprayed concrete that is built on the inner peripheral wall of an excavated tunnel and then sprayed on the inner peripheral wall at the time of construction of a mountain tunnel, for example. The support body 12 is provided with a bottom plate 13 at the lower end, and the reinforcing bars 14 are provided on the outer periphery of the legs of the support body 12.

支保工本体１２は、例えば、Ｈ型鋼からなるアーチ型の鋼製支保工である。支保工本体１２には、その脚部の外周側のフランジ１２２に、鉄筋１４の両端を支保工本体１２に固定するための鞘管１６と貫通孔１８とが設けられている。なお、鞘管１６は、管内に挿入された鉄筋１４の先端を係止する構造を有している。   The support body 12 is, for example, an arch-type steel support made of H-shaped steel. The support body 12 is provided with a sheath tube 16 and a through hole 18 for fixing both ends of the reinforcing bar 14 to the support body 12 on the flange 122 on the outer peripheral side of the leg portion. The sheath tube 16 has a structure for locking the tip of the reinforcing bar 14 inserted in the tube.

鉄筋１４は、その一端を鞘管１６に挿入し、その後貫通孔１８に鉄筋１４の他端を挿入することにより、両端を支保工本体１２に固定される。なお、貫通孔１８と鉄筋１４の他端とは、例えば、ナット締めや溶接等により固定される。   One end of the reinforcing bar 14 is inserted into the sheath tube 16, and then the other end of the reinforcing bar 14 is inserted into the through hole 18, so that both ends are fixed to the support body 12. The through hole 18 and the other end of the reinforcing bar 14 are fixed by, for example, nut tightening or welding.

なお、鉄筋１４の一端と支保工本体１２との固定は、鞘管１６によるものに限らず、鉄筋１４の他端と支保工本体１２との固定と同様に、鉄筋１４の一端側のフランジ１２２に貫通孔１８を形成し、ナット締めや溶接等により固定することとしてもよい。   The fixing of the one end of the reinforcing bar 14 and the support body 12 is not limited to that by the sheath tube 16, and the flange 122 on the one end side of the reinforcing bar 14 is fixed similarly to the fixing of the other end of the reinforcing bar 14 and the supporting body 12. It is good also as forming the through-hole 18 in this and fixing by nut fastening, welding, etc.

鉄筋１４としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、断面径がＤ１６、Ｄ１９又はＤ２２の寸法のものを用いることができる。また、鞘管１６や貫通孔１８の管径や孔径は、鉄筋１４の寸法に応じて設定される。   Although it does not specifically limit as the reinforcing bar 14, For example, the thing of a cross-sectional diameter of the dimension of D16, D19, or D22 can be used. Further, the tube diameter and the hole diameter of the sheath tube 16 and the through hole 18 are set according to the size of the reinforcing bar 14.

また、鉄筋１４は、その両端が支保工本体１２に固定されたときに、その中央が支保工本体１２の外周側のフランジ１２２から支保工本体１２の背面方向に張り出す形状を有している。例えば、鉄筋１４は、図１に示すようにトンネル周方向に上部から下部にかけて徐々にはらんでいくような湾曲形状を有する。   Further, when both ends of the reinforcing bar 14 are fixed to the support body 12, the center of the reinforcing bar 14 protrudes from the flange 122 on the outer peripheral side of the support body 12 toward the back surface of the support body 12. . For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the reinforcing bar 14 has a curved shape that gradually protrudes from the upper part to the lower part in the tunnel circumferential direction.

このように、支保工１０は簡易な構成であることから、トンネル施工現場で簡単に製作及び組み立てすることができる。   Thus, since the supporting work 10 has a simple configuration, it can be easily manufactured and assembled at the tunnel construction site.

次に、かかる支保工１０を用いてトンネル補強構造を構築する施工手順について説明する。
図２は、本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１を構築する施工手順を示す工程図である。 Next, a construction procedure for constructing a tunnel reinforcement structure using the support 10 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a construction procedure for constructing the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 according to the present embodiment.

図２に示すように、本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１は、内周壁底部拡幅工程Ｓ１０と、支保工建て込み工程Ｓ２０と、コンクリート吹き付け工程Ｓ３０とのサイクルを掘進方向に繰り返して行うことにより構築される。   As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 according to the present embodiment repeats the cycle of the inner peripheral wall bottom widening step S10, the support erection step S20, and the concrete spraying step S30 in the excavation direction. Built.

内周壁底部拡幅工程Ｓ１０では、掘削されたトンネルの内周壁２０の底部を、さらに掘削して拡幅し、拡幅空間２２を形成する。
ここで、拡幅空間２２の大きさとして、先に説明した支保工１０がトンネルの内周壁２０に建て込まれるときに、支保工１０に設けられた鉄筋１４を、支保工１０の支保工本体１２とトンネル内周壁２０との間に収納できる程度の領域を確保する。 In the inner peripheral wall bottom widening step S <b> 10, the bottom of the inner peripheral wall 20 of the excavated tunnel is further excavated and widened to form the widened space 22.
Here, as the size of the widening space 22, when the support 10 described above is built in the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel, the reinforcing bar 14 provided in the support 10 is used as the support body 12 of the support 10. And an area that can be stored between the inner wall 20 and the inner wall 20 of the tunnel.

また、拡幅空間２２の形成する際に、拡幅空間２２のトンネル内周壁２０の壁面が、例えば、丸みを帯びた湾曲状の形状になるように掘削することが好ましい。これにより、地山のアーチアクションを促して、地山の安定性を維持することができる。   Moreover, when forming the widening space 22, it is preferable to excavate so that the wall surface of the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20 of the widening space 22 may have, for example, a rounded curved shape. Thereby, the arch action of a natural mountain can be promoted and the stability of the natural mountain can be maintained.

支保工建て込み工程Ｓ２０では、拡幅空間２２が形成されたトンネルの内周壁２０に、支保工１０を、鉄筋１４が拡幅空間２２に収納されるように建て込む。
ここで支保工１０は、通常の鋼製支保工である支保工本体１２に比べて鉄筋１４の分だけしか重量が増加しないので、通常と同じような要領（鋼製支保工を建て込むための専用機械を用いたり、又は人力により）でトンネルの内周壁面に建て込むことができる。 In the support construction process S <b> 20, the support 10 is built on the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel in which the widening space 22 is formed so that the reinforcing bars 14 are accommodated in the widening space 22.
Here, since the weight of the support 10 is increased only by the amount of the reinforcing bar 14 compared to the support main body 12 which is a normal steel support, the same procedure as usual (for installing the steel support) It can be built on the inner wall surface of the tunnel using a dedicated machine or manually).

コンクリート吹き付け工程Ｓ３０では、拡幅空間２２に収納された鉄筋１４及び支保工１０の支保工本体１２と、一体になるようにトンネルの内周壁２０にコンクリート２４を吹き付ける。
ここで、使用するコンクリート２４には、ＮＡＴＭ等で通常用いられる早期に硬化する吹き付けコンクリートを使用する。
また、吹き付けの際には、コンクリート２４が、拡幅空間２２における支保工１０の支保工本体１２と内周壁２０との間に密実に充填されるように留意する。
そして、吹き付けられたコンクリート２４は充分に養生して硬化させる。 In the concrete spraying step S30, the concrete 24 is sprayed onto the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the reinforcing bar 14 accommodated in the widening space 22 and the support body 12 of the support work 10.
Here, as the concrete 24 to be used, spray concrete that hardens at an early stage, which is usually used in NATM or the like, is used.
Also, when spraying, care should be taken that the concrete 24 is filled densely between the support body 12 and the inner peripheral wall 20 of the support 10 in the widened space 22.
The sprayed concrete 24 is sufficiently cured and cured.

このように工程Ｓ１０〜Ｓ３０を、掘進方向に繰り返して行うことにより、本実施形態のトンネル補強構造１が構築される。   Thus, the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 of this embodiment is constructed | assembled by performing processes S10-S30 repeatedly in an excavation direction.

以上説明した本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１によれば、掘削されたトンネルの内周壁２０の底部を拡幅して拡幅空間２２を形成し、拡幅空間２２が形成されたトンネルの内周壁２０に、トンネルの内周壁２０をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体１２と、両端が支保工本体１２の脚部に固定され、支保工本体１２から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた鉄筋１４とを備える支保工１０を、拡幅空間２２が形成されたトンネルの内周壁２０に、鉄筋１４が拡幅空間２２に収納されるように建て込み、拡幅空間２２に収納された鉄筋１４及び支保工本体１２と一体になるようにトンネルの内周壁２０にコンクリート２４を吹き付けてなることにより、拡幅空間２２において、支保工本体１２と、鉄筋１４と、吹き付けコンクリート２４とが一体化した剛体となる。   According to the tunnel reinforcing structure 1 according to the present embodiment described above, the widened space 22 is formed by widening the bottom of the inner peripheral wall 20 of the excavated tunnel, and the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel in which the widened space 22 is formed is formed. The support body 12 that supports the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel along the circumferential direction thereof, and the reinforcing bars that are fixed to the legs of the support body 12 at both ends and project from the support body 12 to the natural ground side. 14 is built in the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel in which the widening space 22 is formed so that the reinforcing bar 14 is stored in the widening space 22, and the reinforcing bar 14 and the supporting work stored in the widening space 22. By blowing concrete 24 onto the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the main body 12, the support main body 12, the reinforcing bar 14, and the sprayed concrete 24 are expanded in the widened space 22. There becomes a rigid body that is integrated.

すなわち、本実施形態のトンネル補強構造１では、地山から作用された荷重を、通常の支保工１０と吹き付けコンクリート２４とからなるトンネル補強構造と比べて、地山との接触面積が大きい拡幅空間２２全体で支持することから、地山に伝達する単位面積当たりの荷重が軽減されるので、支保工１０の下端部の沈下を抑制することができる。   That is, in the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 of the present embodiment, the widening space in which the load applied from the natural ground has a large contact area with the natural ground compared to the tunnel reinforcement structure composed of the normal support work 10 and the sprayed concrete 24. Since it supports by 22 whole, since the load per unit area transmitted to a natural ground is reduced, sinking of the lower end part of the support work 10 can be suppressed.

またトンネル補強構造１は、特許文献１に記載の底板や支持材からなるウイングリブのような重量物と比べると、支保工本体１２には軽量な鉄筋１４が設けられることから、支保工１０の重量が軽くなるうえ、支保工１０の重量バランスが普通型の支保工から大幅に変更されることないため、建て込み作業を安全に行うことができる。また、トンネル内への搬入や設置作業を、特に専用機を用いることなく従来と同様の要領で行うことができる。   Further, the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 is provided with a lightweight reinforcing bar 14 in the support body 12 compared to a heavy object such as a wing rib made of a bottom plate or a support material described in Patent Document 1, Since the weight is reduced, the weight balance of the support work 10 is not significantly changed from that of the normal support work, so that the erection work can be performed safely. Moreover, the carrying-in and installation work in a tunnel can be performed in the same manner as before without using a special machine.

また、鉄筋１４は、現場で簡単に成形して支保工本体１２に設置できるので、地山が急に悪くなった場合等の緊急時に、早急な対応をとることができる。   Moreover, since the reinforcing bar 14 can be easily molded and installed on the support work main body 12 at the site, it is possible to take immediate measures in an emergency such as when a natural ground suddenly deteriorates.

また、本実施形態の支保工１０を設置する際には、特許文献１に記載のウイングリブのように、トンネル内周壁２０の底部を先端鋭角状に根掘りする必要がない。すなわち、支保工１０とトンネル内周壁２０との間に、線材が収納できるような領域を確保することができれば、どのような形状でトンネル内周壁２０の底部を掘削してもよい。例えば、トンネルの内周壁２０を、丸みを帯びた湾曲状の形状に掘削すれば、地山のアーチアクションを促して、地山の安定性を維持することができる。   Moreover, when installing the support work 10 of this embodiment, unlike the wing rib of patent document 1, it is not necessary to dig up the bottom part of the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20 in the shape of an acute end. In other words, the bottom portion of the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20 may be excavated in any shape as long as a region capable of storing the wire is secured between the support work 10 and the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20. For example, if the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel is excavated into a rounded curved shape, the arch action of the natural mountain can be promoted, and the stability of the natural mountain can be maintained.

また、掘削した後も、ウイングリブの底板を地山底面に密着支持させるための地山表面の整形又は均し作業をする必要もない。   Further, even after excavation, there is no need for shaping or leveling of the natural ground surface so that the bottom plate of the wing rib is closely supported by the natural ground bottom.

また、支保工１０の脚部に、吹き付けコンクリート２４と一体化させるための部材として鉄筋１４を設けていることにより、支保工１０の建て込み後にトンネル内周壁２０にコンクリート２４を吹き付けるときに、特許文献１に記載のウイングリブと比べて、支保工１０とトンネル内周面との間に空隙が増加するので、コンクリート２４のトンネル内周壁２０への吹き付けが容易になるとともに、支保工１０とトンネル内周面との間に密実にコンクリート２４を充填できるため、コンクリート２４と壁面との密着性が向上する。これにより、壁面の安定性が向上するとともに、支保工１０の下端の沈下を抑制することができる。   Further, by providing the reinforcing bars 14 as members for integrating with the spray concrete 24 at the legs of the support 10, when the concrete 24 is sprayed on the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel after the support 10 is built, Compared with the wing rib described in Document 1, since the gap increases between the support work 10 and the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel, it is easy to spray the concrete 24 onto the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel, and the support work 10 and the tunnel Since the concrete 24 can be densely filled with the inner peripheral surface, the adhesion between the concrete 24 and the wall surface is improved. Thereby, while stability of a wall surface improves, sinking of the lower end of the support work 10 can be suppressed.

また、鉄筋１４は、両端が支保工１０に固定され、中央がトンネルの内周壁２０に建て込まれた支保工１０の脚部から、拡幅空間２２におけるトンネルの内周壁２０の側に張り出す形状を有することにより、通常、金属部材とコンクリートとを固定するのに用いられるスタッドジベル等と比べて、コンクリート２４に作用するせん断力に抵抗する機能を有することはもとより、地山からの圧縮及び曲げに対する強度が向上する。   Further, the reinforcing bar 14 has a shape in which both ends are fixed to the support work 10 and the center projects from the leg portion of the support work 10 built in the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel toward the inner peripheral wall 20 side of the tunnel in the widened space 22. In comparison with a stud gibber or the like usually used to fix a metal member and concrete, the compression and bending from a natural ground as well as having a function of resisting a shearing force acting on the concrete 24. The strength against is improved.

なお、本実施形態では、支保工本体１２の脚部外周に鉄筋１４を設けたが、これに限らず、コンクリート２４との付着性が良好で、コンクリート２４に作用するせん断力、曲げ荷重、及び圧縮荷重に抵抗する所定の強度を有する線材であれば、どのようなものを用いてもよい。このような線材としては、例えば、炭素繊維や強化プラスチック等からなるものを用いることができる。   In the present embodiment, the reinforcing bars 14 are provided on the outer periphery of the leg portion of the support body 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the adhesion to the concrete 24 is good, and the shearing force, bending load, and Any wire may be used as long as it has a predetermined strength that resists compressive loads. As such a wire, what consists of carbon fiber, a reinforced plastic, etc. can be used, for example.

また、本実施形態の鉄筋１４は、支保工１０に設置したときに、トンネルの周方向に沿って、上部から下部にかけて徐々にはらんでいくような湾曲する形状を有するとしたが、これに限らず、鉄筋の中央が支保工１０の脚部から、拡幅空間２２におけるトンネルの内周壁２０の側に張り出す形状を有していれば、どのような形状であってもよい。   In addition, the reinforcing bar 14 of the present embodiment has a curved shape that gradually protrudes from the upper part to the lower part along the circumferential direction of the tunnel when installed in the support work 10. Not limited to this, any shape may be used as long as the center of the reinforcing bar has a shape protruding from the leg portion of the support work 10 toward the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel in the widened space 22.

図３は、三角形状の鉄筋１４０を備える支保工１０の脚部の側面図である。
図３に示すように、例えば、中央が折れ曲がった三角形状を有する鉄筋１４０を支保工１０に設けてもよい。 FIG. 3 is a side view of the leg portion of the supporting work 10 including the triangular reinforcing bar 140.
As shown in FIG. 3, for example, a reinforcing bar 140 having a triangular shape with a bent center may be provided in the support 10.

また、本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１では、支保工１０のみにトンネル周方向に延伸する鉄筋１４を設けているが、支保工１０の設置後に、隣接する支保工１０間をトンネル軸方向に延長する鉄筋を、支保工１０の背面側に設けてもよい。これにより、トンネル軸方向をせん断する方向に作用する土圧等の荷重に対するトンネル補強構造１の耐力が向上する。   Moreover, in the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 according to the present embodiment, the reinforcing bars 14 extending in the circumferential direction of the tunnel are provided only in the support work 10, but after the support work 10 is installed, the adjacent support works 10 are arranged in the tunnel axial direction. An extending reinforcing bar may be provided on the back side of the support work 10. Thereby, the proof stress of the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 with respect to loads, such as earth pressure which acts on the direction which shears a tunnel axial direction, improves.

また、本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１では、支保工１０の１つの脚部に対して２本の鉄筋１４が設置されているが、その数は特に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて増やしたり、また１本にしてもよい。鉄筋１４の数を増やすほど、構築されるトンネル補強構造１の強度が向上する反面、トンネル内周壁２０と支保工１０の支保工本体１２との間への吹き付けコンクリートの充填が困難になる。一方、鉄筋１４の数を減らすほど、トンネル内周壁２０と支保工１０との間への吹き付けコンクリートの充填が容易になる反面、構築されるトンネル補強構造１の強度が低下する。   Moreover, in the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 which concerns on this embodiment, although the two reinforcing bars 14 are installed with respect to one leg part of the support work 10, the number is not specifically limited, As needed It may be increased or it may be reduced to one. As the number of reinforcing bars 14 is increased, the strength of the constructed tunnel reinforcing structure 1 is improved, but filling of the sprayed concrete between the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20 and the support body 12 of the support 10 becomes more difficult. On the other hand, as the number of reinforcing bars 14 is reduced, filling of the sprayed concrete between the tunnel inner peripheral wall 20 and the support work 10 becomes easier, but the strength of the constructed tunnel reinforcing structure 1 is lowered.

また、本実施形態に係る支保工１０の支保工本体１２は、Ｈ型鋼等の部材やアーチ型等の形状に限定されるものではなく、施工するトンネルを支持するのに充分な強度を有する部材からなるとともに、トンネルの内周壁２０に対応する形状を有する支保工であればよい。例えば、鋼管からなるものや、鳥居型の形状を有するものでもよい。   Further, the support body 12 of the support 10 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the shape of an H-shaped steel or the like or an arch shape, but a member having sufficient strength to support the tunnel to be constructed. And a supporting work having a shape corresponding to the inner peripheral wall 20 of the tunnel. For example, it may be a steel pipe or a torii-shaped shape.

本実施形態に係る支保工１０の脚部を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the leg part of the support work 10 which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るトンネル補強構造１を構築する施工手順を示す工程図である。It is process drawing which shows the construction procedure which builds the tunnel reinforcement structure 1 which concerns on this embodiment. 三角形状の鉄筋１４０を備える支保工１０の脚部の側面図である。It is a side view of the leg part of the supporting work 10 provided with the triangular reinforcing bar 140. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ トンネル補強構造
１０ 支保工
１２ 支保工本体
１３ 底板
１４，１４０ 鉄筋
１６ 鞘管
１８ 貫通孔
２０ 内周壁
２２ 拡幅空間
２４ コンクリート
１２２ フランジ
Ｓ１０ 内周壁底部拡幅工程
Ｓ２０ 支保工建て込み工程
Ｓ３０ コンクリート吹き付け工程 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel reinforcement structure 10 Supporting work 12 Supporting work main body 13 Bottom plate 14,140 Reinforcement 16 Sheath pipe 18 Through-hole 20 Inner peripheral wall 22 Widening space 24 Concrete 122 Flange S10 Inner peripheral wall bottom widening process S20 Supporting construction process S30 Concrete spraying process

Claims (5)

掘削されたトンネルを、支保工と吹き付けコンクリートとにより補強するトンネル補強構造であって、
掘削されたトンネルの内周壁の底部を拡幅して拡幅空間を形成し、
前記拡幅空間が形成されたトンネルの内周壁に、前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備える支保工を、前記線材が前記拡幅空間に収納されるように建て込み、
前記拡幅空間に収納された線材及び前記支保工本体と一体になるように、前記トンネルの内周壁にコンクリートを吹き付けてなることを特徴とするトンネル補強構造。 A tunnel reinforcement structure that reinforces an excavated tunnel with support and sprayed concrete,
Widen the bottom of the inner wall of the excavated tunnel to form a widened space,
On the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel in which the widened space is formed, a support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along the circumferential direction, and both ends are fixed to the legs of the support body, from the support body A supporting work provided with a wire rod provided so as to project to the natural ground side is built so that the wire rod is stored in the widened space,
A tunnel reinforcing structure, wherein concrete is sprayed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the wire rod housed in the widened space and the support body. 前記線材は、前記トンネルの内周壁の周方向に沿うような形状を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のトンネル補強構造。   The tunnel reinforcing structure according to claim 1, wherein the wire has a shape along a circumferential direction of an inner peripheral wall of the tunnel. 前記線材は、鋼材からなることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のトンネル補強構造。   The tunnel reinforcing structure according to claim 1, wherein the wire is made of steel. 掘削されたトンネルを、支保工と吹き付けコンクリートとにより補強するトンネル補強構造の施工方法であって、
掘削されたトンネルの内周壁の底部を拡幅して拡幅空間を形成する拡幅空間形成工程と、
前記拡幅空間が形成されたトンネルの内周壁に、前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備える支保工を、前記線材が前記拡幅空間に収納されるように建て込む支保工建て込み工程と、
前記拡幅空間に収納された線材及び前記支保工本体と一体になるように、前記トンネルの内周壁にコンクリートを吹き付けるコンクリート吹き付け工程とを備えることを特徴とするトンネル補強構造の施工方法。 A tunnel reinforcement structure construction method for reinforcing an excavated tunnel with a support and sprayed concrete,
A widening space forming step of widening the bottom of the inner peripheral wall of the excavated tunnel to form a widening space;
On the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel in which the widened space is formed, a support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along the circumferential direction, and both ends are fixed to the legs of the support body, from the support body A support work erection process for erected so that the wire material is housed in the widened space;
A tunnel reinforcing structure construction method comprising: a concrete spraying step of spraying concrete onto an inner peripheral wall of the tunnel so as to be integrated with the wire housed in the widening space and the support body. トンネル施工の際に、掘削したトンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持するとともに、トンネルの内周壁に吹き付けられるコンクリートと一体となって設けられる支保工であって、
前記トンネルの内周壁をその周方向に沿って支持する支保工本体と、両端が前記支保工本体の脚部に固定され、前記支保工本体から地山側へ張り出すように設けられた線材とを備えることを特徴とするトンネル支保工。 Supporting the inner peripheral wall of the excavated tunnel along its circumferential direction during tunnel construction, and supporting work provided integrally with the concrete sprayed on the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel,
A support body that supports the inner peripheral wall of the tunnel along its circumferential direction, and a wire that is fixed at both ends to the legs of the support body and that projects from the support body to the natural ground side. Tunnel support work characterized by having.
JP2008181898A 2008-07-11 2008-07-11 Tunnel reinforcement structure and its construction method, and supporting work used therefor Expired - Fee Related JP5071281B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7422102B2 (en) 2021-02-25 2024-01-25 株式会社奥村組 Steel shoring leg reinforcement structure

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08232589A (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-10 Minoru Yamamoto Steel arch support with wing rib
JP2002188397A (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-07-05 Maruwa Giken:Kk Method for repairing outbreak part, and fixing metal fitting used therein

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08232589A (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-10 Minoru Yamamoto Steel arch support with wing rib
JP2002188397A (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-07-05 Maruwa Giken:Kk Method for repairing outbreak part, and fixing metal fitting used therein

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7422102B2 (en) 2021-02-25 2024-01-25 株式会社奥村組 Steel shoring leg reinforcement structure

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