JP2009501537A - Smokeless cigarette - Google Patents
Smokeless cigarette Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009501537A JP2009501537A JP2008521889A JP2008521889A JP2009501537A JP 2009501537 A JP2009501537 A JP 2009501537A JP 2008521889 A JP2008521889 A JP 2008521889A JP 2008521889 A JP2008521889 A JP 2008521889A JP 2009501537 A JP2009501537 A JP 2009501537A
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- cigarette
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/10—Devices with chemical heating means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/60—Constructional details
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
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- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、請求項1の前文に記載の無煙シガレットに関する。 The present invention relates to a smokeless cigarette according to the preamble of claim 1.
請求項1の前文に基づくDE10321379A1では、蒸着させ、熱反射する被覆を有するサーモプラスチック外被と通気管が生じるように外被内に挿入されている熱源を有する再利用可能なシガレット本体の無煙シガレットが記載されている。再利用できないマウスピースにはニコチンの香りのデポとフィルタが含まれている。熱源から出された熱は、ニコチンの香りのデポを加熱し、このようにしてフィルタ通過後に消費者または喫煙者により摂取されるデポ内にあるニコチンと香料を遊離する消費者により通気管を通り吸引された空気を加熱する。この煙の出ないニコチン供給により、このような方法で燃焼製品の残滓がなく、かつ環境に負担をかけない集中的なニコチン摂取が可能になる。 In DE 10321379 A1 according to the preamble of claim 1, a reusable cigarette body smokeless cigarette having a thermoplastic jacket with a vapor-deposited and heat-reflective coating and a heat source inserted into the jacket to produce a vent tube Is described. The non-reusable mouthpiece includes a nicotine-scented depot and filter. The heat generated from the heat source heats the nicotine scented depot and thus passes through the vent tube by the consumer, after passing through the filter, releasing the nicotine and fragrance in the depot taken by the consumer or smoker. Heat the aspirated air. This smoke-free nicotine supply allows for intensive nicotine intake that does not leave a residue of combustion products and does not burden the environment in this way.
DE29713866U1では、熱室と加熱エレメントを有するシェル形のアダプタ内にシガレットを差し込むことにより、シガレットの無煙摂取を可能にするシガレット用電気ヒートエアアダプタが記載されている。喫煙者が吸引した吸気は熱室と加熱エレメント内で加熱され、シガレット内へ達し、そこでタバコが燃焼することなく、タバコから香料が放出される。 DE 29771866U1 describes an electric heat air adapter for cigarettes which allows smokeless intake of the cigarette by inserting the cigarette into a shell-shaped adapter having a heat chamber and a heating element. The intake air sucked by the smoker is heated in the heat chamber and the heating element and reaches the cigarette, where the fragrance is released from the tobacco without burning the tobacco.
DE19935706A1では、シガレット本体が喫煙者によって吸引された空気を加熱するバッテリで加熱されるフィラメントを含有する無煙シガレットが記載されている。吸引された空気は、交換可能なフィルタを通過し、そのニコチンが加熱空気から遊離し、これにより消費者が吸い込むことができる。 DE 199 35 706 A1 describes a smokeless cigarette in which the cigarette body contains a filament heated by a battery that heats the air sucked by the smoker. The aspirated air passes through a replaceable filter and its nicotine is released from the heated air, which can be inhaled by the consumer.
DE4006887A1では、本体が熱源として、熱を発生させる反応が起こり得るシェルを有する無煙シガレットが記載されている。熱によって、フィルタマウスピースを通り吸入可能であるエアロゾルが放出される。 DE 4006887A1 describes a smokeless cigarette having a shell in which a reaction that generates heat can occur, with the body as a heat source. The heat releases aerosol that can be inhaled through the filter mouthpiece.
DD298347A5により、タバコとタバコを加熱するためにタバコから物理的に分けられており、燃焼に基づかない熱源を有する燃焼なしで作用するシガレットが既知である。 According to DD298347A5, cigarettes are known that are separated physically from tobacco for heating tobacco and tobacco and that operate without combustion with a heat source that is not based on combustion.
本発明の課題は、喫煙者がニコチンの集中的摂取または例えば従来のシガレットに似ている香りを有する摂取品を断念する必要がなく、かつ環境が喫煙者により害されることのない、原価の安い、快適に取扱うことのできる可能性を提供することである。 The problem of the present invention is that the smoker does not have to give up intensive consumption of nicotine or an ingestion product with a scent similar to that of a conventional cigarette, for example, and the environment is not harmed by the smoker and is low in cost It offers the possibility to handle comfortably.
この課題は、請求項1に記載のシガレット本体により解決される。 This problem is solved by the cigarette body according to claim 1.
独自の熱源を有さない本発明による再利用可能なシガレット本体は原価が安く、ヒートパイプの加熱により十分な継続時間においてこの摂取品を迅速に加熱できる。 The reusable cigarette body according to the present invention, which does not have its own heat source, is low in cost and can quickly heat this ingestion for a sufficient duration by heating the heat pipe.
従属請求項2〜5は本発明によるシガレット本体の有利な発展に関する。 The dependent claims 2 to 5 relate to advantageous developments of the cigarette body according to the invention.
請求項6は請求項7の特徴とともに有利な方法で発展される本発明によるシガレット全体を特徴づける。
請求項8〜10はシガレット用のマウスピースに関する。 Claims 8 to 10 relate to a mouthpiece for cigarette.
請求項11〜13は本発明によるシガレットが熱源に接続可能となるアダプタを特徴づける。 Claims 11 to 13 characterize an adapter that allows the cigarette according to the invention to be connected to a heat source.
請求項12によるアダプタの形成時には、本発明による無煙シガレットは、通常のシガレットと似た方法で取扱うことができる。特にライターによるシガレットの「点火」は、従来の、実際にタバコの火が光る状態になったシガレットの使い慣れた取り扱いと同じ心理的構成材である。 When forming the adapter according to claim 12, the smokeless cigarette according to the invention can be handled in a manner similar to a normal cigarette. In particular, cigarette “ignition” by a lighter is the same psychological component as the conventional handling of cigarettes that are actually in a state where a cigarette is lit.
請求項14と15は、使い捨てとされるマウスピースを繰返し使用可能なシガレット本体と一緒に保存できるようにするシガレットケースを特徴づける。 Claims 14 and 15 characterize a cigarette case that allows a disposable mouthpiece to be stored with a reusable cigarette body.
本発明により、通常のシガレット喫煙の主観的摂取構成材を維持し、特に従来の喫煙と結びついた環境負担を回避する可能性が生じる。本発明によるシガレットは「点火」することができ、またライターを使用することにより、通常のシガレットのように作動させることができる。ライターにより生じた熱は、摂取デポ内に入れられた摂取品、特に香料を有するニコチンを気化または溶解させ、摂取品が迅速に摂取用意され、かつ集中的に摂取可能となる。この摂取時にはタールおよび燃焼製品のような従来の喫煙の有害物質は無い。煙が周辺へ放たれることがないため、当該周辺内にいる者が受動喫煙することはない。本発明による無煙シガレットが、摂取品を使い切ることなく、長時間の使用において冷たくなる場合、このシガレットはライターで新たに「点火」することにより簡単に再作動させることができ、これにより摂取品を使い切ることができる。 The present invention creates the possibility of maintaining a normal cigarette smoking subjective intake component, and in particular avoiding the environmental burden associated with conventional smoking. The cigarette according to the invention can be “ignited” and can be operated like a normal cigarette by using a lighter. The heat generated by the lighter vaporizes or dissolves the ingested product, particularly nicotine having a fragrance, placed in the ingestion depot, so that the ingested product is quickly prepared for ingestion and can be ingested intensively. At the time of ingestion, there are no conventional smoking hazards such as tar and combustion products. Since smoke is not released to the surrounding area, people in the surrounding area do not smoke passively. If the smokeless cigarette according to the present invention cools down over time without exhausting the ingested item, the cigarette can be easily reactivated by a new “lighting” with a lighter, which Can be used up.
以下、例えば概略図を利用するとともにさらなる詳細により本発明を説明する。 In the following, the present invention will be described in further detail, for example using schematic diagrams.
図において以下が示されている:
図1.マウスピース、シガレット本体およびアダプタの分解断面図、
図2.ライターの側面図、及び
図3.開いたケースの俯瞰図。
The following is shown in the figure:
FIG. An exploded sectional view of the mouthpiece, cigarette body and adapter,
FIG. 2. Side view of lighter, and FIG. An overhead view of the opened case.
図1は、マウスピース10、シガレット本体12およびアダプタ14を並列配置した横断面を示す。
FIG. 1 shows a cross section in which a
全体において円筒形のマウスピース10は、例えば通常のシガレットのフィルタマウスピースに使用されるそれ自体が既知のフィルタ材から構成される。マウスピース10の前面は吸引口18として形成されている。吸引口18からわきへ転じたマウスピース10の前面には中空円筒形の凹部18が形成されている。マウスピース10の表面22は、この凹部表面と図1による左前面は別にして、閉鎖多孔性に形成されている。
The generally
シガレット本体12は、例えば銅である熱を良好に伝導する材料から成るヒートパイプ26を含む例えばセラミックス材料から成る断熱材の円筒形の外被または本体24を有する。図1に基づくヒートパイプ26の左末端は、本体24から突出しており、この突出域28の外形状は凹部20の形状にほぼ相当する。突出域28の前面は開いており、突出域の円筒形の内壁内には優先的に通過口30が形成される。前面は閉じ、かつ少なくとも通過口をさらに一つ設けて形成することも可能である。
The cigarette body 12 has a cylindrical jacket or body 24 of insulation, for example made of ceramic material, including a heat pipe 26 made of a material that conducts heat well, for example copper. The left end of the heat pipe 26 based on FIG. 1 protrudes from the main body 24, and the outer shape of the
本体24は右側末端ではヒートパイプ26の右末端が露出している凹部32を有しながら形成されている。 The main body 24 is formed with a concave portion 32 in which the right end of the heat pipe 26 is exposed at the right end.
本体24の右側末端はヒートパイプ26の開口部とともに、ヒートパイプ26の左側末端を通り形成されている空気吸入口上でヒートパイプ26の内部を通り形成されている通気管により結合されている空気吸入口を形成する。 The right end of the body 24 together with the opening of the heat pipe 26 and the air intake connected by a vent pipe formed through the inside of the heat pipe 26 on the air intake port formed through the left end of the heat pipe 26. Forming a mouth.
シガレット本体12はマウスピース10とともに、例えば外観が通常のフィルタシガレットに相当する模造品を形成する。
The cigarette main body 12 forms, together with the
例えば全体において金属板部品として形成されているアダプタ14は、図1に基づき、左側でシガレット本体12の図1に基づく右末端域を挿入するための挿入口36を形成するシェル34を保持する。アダプタ14はシェル34から間隔を取りながら、例えば完全なシェルへとは閉じられておらず、スプリング状に開き広がり得る二つの上方へと曲がっているアーム40(図ではアームは一つだけ見える)を保持しながら形成されている。
For example, the adapter 14, which is formed entirely as a metal plate part, holds a
シェル34と挿入構成材38との間には通常の室内温度では図示のほぼ軸平行の位置を占め、加熱時には上方へと曲がり、これによりシェル34を閉鎖するバイメタル金属板42が形成されている。
A bimetal metal plate 42 is formed between the
本発明による無煙シガレットに使用できるそれ自体が既知のライターは、図2において示されており、その全体は44で記されている。ライター44は例えば液体ガスである燃料が入っている本体46を有する。本体46の突出部48内には、空気通過部50を通り空気が供給され、これによりハンドル52によるライター点火後に炎54のような尖った炎を突出部48から放つバーナーノズルが一つ配置されている。ここに説明した構成材の機能は以下の通りである。
A lighter known per se that can be used in the smokeless cigarette according to the invention is shown in FIG. The lighter 44 has a
すなわち、マウスピース10は凹部20の内側において、例えば香りおよび/または味覚物質を加えたニコチンのような揮発性摂取品58により被覆されている。納品状態においてはこのマウスピース10は摂取品58が気化しないよう、例えばプラスチックホイルで包まれている。マウスピース10はこのプラスチックホイルを取り除いた後、シガレット本体12の突出域28に差し込まれ、これにより従来のシガレット(シガレット本体付きのマウスピース)の外観を有する一つのアセンブリが生じる。
That is, the
「点火」するにはシガレット本体12の図1による右末端をアダプタ14の挿入口36に挿入する。次いで、挿入構成材38を有するアダプタ14をライター44の突出部48に押し付ける。最初にアダプタ14をライター44に押し付けることもでき、かつこれに引き続きシガレットを挿入口36に挿入し得ることも理解できる。シガレット本体12のシェル34内およびライターの突出部48の挿入構成材38内への相互挿入運動は、アダプタ14に形成されているストッパにより制限され、これにより炎54が所定の形を有する場合には、ライターからシガレット本体12への、かつこれにより炎54のヒートパイプ26への幾何学的配置が規定されていることが好ましい。このようにしてヒートパイプ26の加熱に対するバイメタル金属板42の変形、かつこれによる摂取品58および手に保持されるシガレット本体12の外側の加熱も調整され、これにより―シガレット本体の熱伝導性が適切に調整されている際には―摂取品58が例えば50℃から60℃の溶解または気化温度に確実に達しているにもかかわらず、その外面はわずかに加熱されるだけである。
In order to “ignite”, the right end of FIG. 1 of the cigarette body 12 is inserted into the
その後ハンドル52によりライターは作動し、これにより炎54が凹部32内へと達し、ヒートパイプ26の左末端域が加熱され、これにより摂取品58が気化または溶解する。ヒートパイプ26を十分に加熱する、すなわち炎54を十分に継続させる際には、バイメタル金属板42が加熱され、かつ立ち上がり、これによりマウスピース10をすでに口にくわえている喫煙者はライター44を消し、引き抜くことができる。
Thereafter, the lighter is actuated by the handle 52, whereby the
マウスピース10およびシガレット本体12から構成されるシガレットはアダプタ14を引き抜いた後、摂取品58がヒートパイプ26によりその高い熱容量により十分長い時間において気化に十分な温度に保持されるため、普通のシガレットのように摂取し得る。吸引口18を通して空気を吸引する際に、空気がこのヒートパイプ26と摂取品58が被覆または浸されている凹部20の表面域に沿った通過口30を通過し、これにより空気は口内または吸引により摂取し得る摂取品58の気化成分とその他の揮発成分を摂取する。
Since the cigarette composed of the
アダプタ14および一方ではライターのアダプタへの、かつ他方ではシガレットのアダプタへの挿入長さは、炎54の先端が同心においてヒートパイプ26へと、その図1に基づく右側末端から少し間隔を取った位置に来るように寸法決めされている。炎の空気供給がアダプタにより阻害されないよう、挿入構成材38は空気通過部50がほぼ全体において開いているよう形成されている。炎54はほぼ全体においてシェル34と挿入構成材38間の域に位置する。
The insertion length of the adapter 14 and on the one hand to the adapter of the lighter and on the other hand to the adapter of the cigarette is slightly spaced from the right end according to FIG. Dimensioned to be in position. In order to prevent the flame air supply from being hindered by the adapter, the
本発明は多様な方法で変更することができる。例えばマウスピース10は強制的にフィルタ材を保持する必要はない。凹部20はシガレット本体12内に形成することができ、これによりマウスピースはこれに相当する突出部を有しながら形成される。本体24およびヒートパイプ26は、外被を例えば内側はできるだけ高い熱容量を有する高い熱伝導性の材料、かつ外側は低い熱伝導性を有する材料のものにしながら単一構造に構成され得る。あるいは、本体24を各層間が真空である多層のサーモ容器のように形成することもできる。
The present invention can be modified in various ways. For example, the
ヒートパイプ26は良好な熱伝導能力を誇る材料から成る高い熱容量を有する中空でない熱導体および蓄熱器として形成することができ、この場合、図1による右末端は、例えば波形起伏により、できるだけ大きな表面を保持し形成される。空気管はこの場合、例えば熱伝導体に沿って少なくとも「熱棒」内の溝および/または外被により形成されるものとし、凹部20内のリブおよび/または熱棒の突出域に沿ってマウスピース内へと導かれる。 The heat pipe 26 can be formed as a non-hollow heat conductor and regenerator with a high heat capacity made of a material with good heat transfer capability, in which case the right end according to FIG. Hold and formed. The air tube is in this case, for example, formed at least by a groove and / or jacket in the “hot rod” along the heat conductor, and the mouse along the rib in the recess 20 and / or the protruding area of the hot rod. Guided into the piece.
アダプタは、例えばシガレット本体12を自動車のシガレットライターへ適切に接続できるものにするように、別な構造にすることもできる。アダプタはこの場合、ヒートパイプ26との直接接触において達成され、アダプタをシガレットライターに差し込むことにより、ヒートパイプ26または凹部20が例えば約50℃から60℃へと十分に加熱されている加熱された構成材を保持することになる。 The adapter may be of another construction, for example to allow the cigarette body 12 to be properly connected to a car cigarette lighter. The adapter is in this case achieved in direct contact with the heat pipe 26 and is heated by inserting the adapter into a cigarette lighter so that the heat pipe 26 or recess 20 is sufficiently heated, for example from about 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. It will hold the component.
上述のライターの代わりに、好ましくは長い炎を有する別のライターも使用できる。付属品として所定の炎で燃え、かつ所定の時間経過後に消える特に本発明によるシガレットに適合されたライターも提供することができる。 Instead of the lighter described above, another lighter, preferably with a long flame, can be used. It is also possible to provide a lighter that is particularly suitable for a cigarette according to the invention that burns with a predetermined flame as an accessory and disappears after a predetermined time.
摂取品としては、凹部20に入れる、またはマウスピースの一部を被覆または浸す液体または粉末を使用できる。消費者の味覚に応じて味覚物質あるいは芳香物質を添加したニコチン等を加えた各摂取品を使用できる。あるいは、摂取品は錠剤として凹部内へ入れるが、外被として全凹部を包む、独自の摂取品本体内に入れることもできる。別の構成材として使用できる摂取品ホルダを多孔性または通過孔のあるものとし、かつ本来のマウスピースとヒートパイプの排気口との間に配置できることも理解できる。特にこのような摂取品ホルダを使用する際には、本来のマウスピースは衛生的に簡単に洗浄できる材料のものにすることにより再利用可能である。 The ingested product can be a liquid or powder that is placed in the recess 20 or that covers or immerses a portion of the mouthpiece. Each ingested product to which nicotine or the like to which a taste substance or a fragrance substance is added can be used according to the taste of the consumer. Alternatively, the ingested product is put in the recess as a tablet, but can also be put in a unique ingested product body that wraps the entire recess as an outer cover. It can also be seen that an ingestion holder that can be used as another component can be porous or have a through hole and can be placed between the original mouthpiece and the exhaust of the heat pipe. In particular, when such an ingestion holder is used, the original mouthpiece can be reused by using a material that can be easily and hygienically cleaned.
図3は、本発明によるシガレットを通常のシガレット包装で保存できるケース60の俯瞰図である。仕切り部62内に再利用可能な、さまざまな高品質に形成されたシガレット本体12を保存することができる。仕切り部64はアダプタを入れるためのものである。仕切り部66は使い捨てを意図した、最初は封をすることが好ましいマウスピース10を入れるためのものである。図示の例ではケースに14個のマウスピース10を入れることができる。マウスピース10は商店または自動販売機で入手され、ケース60に入れる。図示のケース60はこれにより従来のシガレット14本入りの従来のケースに相当する。図示されていない蓋を有する高品質なケースとして形成し得るケース60への再詰めは、マウスピース10のみを新しくしなければならないため、比較的コストが安くなる。
FIG. 3 is an overhead view of a case 60 in which the cigarette according to the present invention can be stored in a normal cigarette package. Various high quality cigarette bodies 12 that can be reused in the partition 62 can be stored. The
変更実施形態ではマウスピース10は再利用可能に設計され得る。凹部20はこの場合、好ましくは残滓なく完全に使い果たされるよう構成される摂取品で繰返し被覆される。
In an alternative embodiment, the
10 マウスピース
12 シガレット本体
13 アダプタ
16 フィルタ材
18 吸引口
20 凹部
22 表面
24 本体
26 ヒートパイプ
28 域
30 通過口
32 凹部
34 シェル
36 挿入口
38 挿入構成材
40 アーム
42 バイメタル金属板
44 ライター
46 本体
48 突出部
50 空気通過部
52 ハンドル
54 炎
58 摂取品
60 ケース
62 仕切り部
64 仕切り部
66 仕切り部
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (15)
本体(24)が本体の一方の軸末端において空気吸入口を貫いてアクセス可能であり、本体の他方の軸末端において熱伝導設備内の摂取品(58)における熱を良好に伝導する材から構成される本体を軸方向に横切る熱伝導体(26)を保持し、かつ本体が本体の放射状に外側へと延びる表面が熱伝導体(26)に対して断熱されている構造を保持することを特徴とするシガレット本体。 A cigarette body for smokeless cigarette, wherein the cigarette body (12) has a cylindrical main body (24) having an air inlet on one front surface and an exhaust port on the other front surface, and connects the air inlet and the exhaust port. A cylindrical mouse formed to hold a ventilation pipe and a heating device (26) for heating air flowing through the ventilation pipe, hold a depot for ingested goods (58), and hold a suction port (18) A front surface formed by holding an exhaust port can be attached to the front surface of the piece (10), whereby the ingested product is vaporized by the low pressure of the heated air carried through the vent pipe and onto the suction port of the mouthpiece. And in the cigarette body for smokeless cigarette exhausted from the suction port,
The main body (24) is accessible through the air inlet at one axial end of the main body, and is composed of a material that conducts heat well in the intake (58) in the heat conduction facility at the other axial end of the main body. Holding the heat conductor (26) axially transverse to the body to be held and the structure in which the body extends radially outwardly of the body is insulated from the heat conductor (26). Characteristic cigarette body.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102005034169A DE102005034169B4 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | Smoke-free cigarette |
PCT/EP2006/007125 WO2007009785A2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-19 | Smoke-free cigarette |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009501537A true JP2009501537A (en) | 2009-01-22 |
Family
ID=37072561
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2008521889A Pending JP2009501537A (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-19 | Smokeless cigarette |
Country Status (12)
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US (1) | US20080302374A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1906777B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009501537A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101267749A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE489860T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006271849A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0613614A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2616006A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005034169B4 (en) |
IL (1) | IL188873A0 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2008106616A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007009785A2 (en) |
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- 2006-07-19 WO PCT/EP2006/007125 patent/WO2007009785A2/en active Application Filing
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RU2008106616A (en) | 2009-08-27 |
CA2616006A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
AU2006271849A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
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EP1906777B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
DE502006008450D1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
EP1906777A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
WO2007009785A2 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US20080302374A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
DE102005034169A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
CN101267749A (en) | 2008-09-17 |
WO2007009785A3 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
IL188873A0 (en) | 2008-04-13 |
ATE489860T1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
BRPI0613614A2 (en) | 2011-01-18 |
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