JP2009276260A - Abnormality determination device of ground displacement and method for determining abnormality - Google Patents

Abnormality determination device of ground displacement and method for determining abnormality Download PDF

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JP2009276260A
JP2009276260A JP2008129097A JP2008129097A JP2009276260A JP 2009276260 A JP2009276260 A JP 2009276260A JP 2008129097 A JP2008129097 A JP 2008129097A JP 2008129097 A JP2008129097 A JP 2008129097A JP 2009276260 A JP2009276260 A JP 2009276260A
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abnormality determination
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term average
ground displacement
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Hiroyuki Sakai
宏行 坂井
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Railway Technical Research Institute
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To adequately determine whether there is an abnormality in displacement of ground by checking a change in lapse of time of measurement data of a specific ion concentration of underground water irrespective of variation in a measurement environment or the instant occurrence of an abnormal value. <P>SOLUTION: A short term average X and a long term average Y are computed on the basis of fetched measurement data. A warning determination value A and a prediction determination value B are computed in such a manner that the long term average Y is respectively changed by respective values of predetermined setting rates α, β. Warning determination is made when the short term average X is greater than the warning determination value A, and prediction determination is made when the short term average X is greater than the prediction determination value B. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、不安定な斜面地盤において発生することがある地すべり、表層崩壊、がけ崩れなどの斜面崩壊によって引き起こされる地盤変位の異常判断装置及び異常判断方法の技術分野に属するものである。   The present invention belongs to a technical field of an abnormality determination device and an abnormality determination method for ground displacement caused by slope failure such as landslide, surface layer collapse, and landslide that may occur on unstable slope ground.

一般に、自然災害の一つとして土砂災害があり、このような土砂災害として、不安定な傾斜地に発生する地すべり、表層崩壊、がけ崩れ、土石流などによる災害がある。そして、このような傾斜地での土砂災害は、斜面地盤の崩壊によって地盤の変位、つまり地盤の変状や移動が引き起こされることになり、このような地盤変位を測定する手法については、高精度の電子測距・測角儀を用い、地盤変位のある地域からはずれた任意の位置を基準点として地盤変位がある区域に配した指標までの距離や角度の変化を測定して地盤変位を測定するようにしたものがある（特許文献１参照）。これに対し、地盤変位がある任意の位置の地盤に測定用の孔を掘り、ここに歪ケーブルを挿入し、地盤変位によって生じた歪量を計測することで地盤変位の測定をするようにしたものがある（特許文献２参照）。
ところが前記従来のものは、高価な測定機器が必要であるうえ、実際に斜面崩壊が発生している最中または発生した後の地盤変位を測定するものであって、該地盤変位の発生を予知するものではない。しかもこのような地盤変位による土砂災害は、小規模であれば発生後においても、被害発生がないか、あっても殆ど影響がない範囲で対処ができるが、規模が大きいものについては、何らかの被害を生じた後での対処となる場合が多く、土砂災害を未然に防ぐことはできないのが現状である。
そこで本発明の発明者は、地盤変位が発生する惧れがある地区の地下水中に含まれる特定イオンの濃度を継続的に測定し、該測定値に急激的な変化があると認められた場合、これを地盤変位が発生する前兆であると予測する発明を創作した（特許文献３、４参照）。
特開平５−１１８８５１号公報 特開平１０−８２６６７号公報 特開２００２−３３９３７３号公報 特開２００３−２７９５６１号公報 In general, there is a landslide disaster as one of the natural disasters, and as such a landslide disaster, there are disasters caused by landslide, surface layer collapse, landslide, debris flow, etc. that occur on unstable slopes. And such a sediment disaster on the sloped ground will cause the displacement of the ground due to the collapse of the slope ground, that is, the deformation and movement of the ground, and the method of measuring such ground displacement is highly accurate. Using an electronic ranging / angular measuring instrument, measure the ground displacement by measuring the change in distance and angle to the index placed in the area with the ground displacement using the arbitrary position deviated from the area with the ground displacement as a reference point. There is something like that (see Patent Document 1). On the other hand, a hole for measurement is dug in the ground at an arbitrary position where the ground displacement exists, a strained cable is inserted here, and the amount of strain caused by the ground displacement is measured to measure the ground displacement. There is a thing (refer patent document 2).
However, the conventional device requires expensive measuring equipment and measures the ground displacement during or after the slope failure actually occurs, and predicts the occurrence of the ground displacement. Not what you want. Moreover, such a landslide disaster caused by ground displacement can be dealt with as long as there is no damage even if it occurs after it has occurred. In many cases, it is a countermeasure after the occurrence of a disaster, and it is currently impossible to prevent landslide disasters.
Therefore, the inventor of the present invention continuously measures the concentration of specific ions contained in the groundwater in the area where the ground displacement may occur, and it is recognized that there is a sudden change in the measured value. The inventors have created an invention that predicts that this is a precursor to occurrence of ground displacement (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-118851 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-82667 JP 2002-339373 A JP 2003-279561 A

ところが前記地盤変位が発生する前兆であると予測する場合において、急激的な変化があると認めるにあたり、どのような変化があったとき、これを急激的な変化であると定義するための具体的な基準がなく、しかもこの急激的な変化というものは、測定地域や測定季節等の様々な測定環境によって変動があって一様ではなく、また、測定装置に何らかのトラブルがあったりして瞬間的な異常値が発生したときにこれに基づいて直ちに異常判断をすることもあり、このため地盤変位の異常判断が現実的には難しいという問題があり、ここに本発明が解決せんとする課題がある。   However, in the case of predicting that the ground displacement is a sign of occurrence, a specific change is defined as a sudden change when it is recognized that there is a sudden change. However, this sudden change is not uniform because it varies depending on the measurement environment such as the measurement area and the measurement season, and there is some trouble with the measurement device. When an abnormal value is generated, an abnormal determination may be made immediately based on the abnormal value. Therefore, there is a problem that it is actually difficult to determine an abnormality of the ground displacement, and there is a problem that the present invention does not solve here. is there.

本発明は、上記の如き実情に鑑みこれらの課題を解決することを目的として創作されたものであって、請求項１の発明は、継続的に入力する地盤変位の測定データに基づいて地盤変位の異常判断をする装置であって、該地盤変位の異常判断装置には、前記入力した測定データに基づいて現在から予め設定される短期間前までと長期間前までとの測定データにより短期間平均値と長期間平均値とをそれぞれ演算する平均値演算手段と、前記演算された長期間平均値に対して予め設定される異常判断割合だけ変化させた異常判断値を演算する異常判断値演算手段と、前記演算された短期間平均値が該演算された異常判断値を超えているか否かの判断をし、超えていると判断された場合、現在異常状態であると判断する異常判断手段とを備えて構成されていることを特徴とする地盤変位の異常判断装置である。
請求項２の発明は、異常判断値は、異常判断割合が大きい警報判断値と小さい予報判断値とが少なくとも設定されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の地盤変位の異常判断装置である。
請求項３の発明は、継続的に入力する地盤変位の測定データに基づいて地盤変位の異常判断をする方法であって、該地盤変位の異常判断方法は、前記入力した測定データに基づいて現在から予め設定される短期間前までと長期間前までとの測定データにより短期間平均値と長期間平均値とをそれぞれ演算する平均値演算工程と、前記演算された長期間平均値に対して予め設定される異常判断割合だけ変化させた異常判断値を演算する異常判断値演算工程と、前記演算された短期間平均値が該演算された異常判断値を超えているか否かの判断をし、超えていると判断された場合、現在異常状態であると判断する異常判断工程とを備えて構成されていることを特徴とする地盤変位の異常判断方法である。 The present invention was created with the object of solving these problems in view of the above circumstances, and the invention of claim 1 is based on ground displacement measurement data that is continuously input. The ground displacement abnormality determination device includes a short period of time based on measurement data from the present to a short period before and a long period before based on the input measurement data. An average value calculating means for calculating an average value and a long-term average value, respectively, and an abnormality determination value calculation for calculating an abnormality determination value that is changed by a preset abnormality determination ratio with respect to the calculated long-term average value And an abnormality determining means for determining whether or not the calculated short-term average value exceeds the calculated abnormality determination value, and determining that it is in an abnormal state when it is determined that the average value exceeds the calculated abnormality determination value. And configured with It is abnormality determination device of ground displacement, characterized in that.
The invention according to claim 2 is the ground displacement abnormality determination device according to claim 1, wherein at least an alarm determination value having a large abnormality determination ratio and a small forecast determination value are set as the abnormality determination value. .
The invention according to claim 3 is a method for determining abnormality of ground displacement based on continuously input measurement data of ground displacement, and the method of determining abnormality of ground displacement is based on the input measurement data. An average value calculating step for calculating a short-term average value and a long-term average value based on measurement data from a preset short period before and a long period before, respectively, and for the calculated long-term average value An abnormality determination value calculation step of calculating an abnormality determination value changed by a preset abnormality determination ratio, and determining whether or not the calculated short-term average value exceeds the calculated abnormality determination value. An abnormality determination method for ground displacement, characterized by comprising an abnormality determination step for determining that the current state is abnormal when it is determined that it is exceeded.

請求項１または３の発明とすることで、地盤変位の異常判断の有無をすることが、測定地域や測定季節等の様々な測定環境による変動や瞬間的な異常値発生によらず簡単かつ確実にできることになり、信頼性の高い異常判断ができることになる。
請求項２の発明とすることで、異常判断を、危険度の高い警報判断と危険度が低い予報判断とに分けることができてより的確な異常判断をすることができる。 By making the invention of claim 1 or 3, it is easy and reliable to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in ground displacement, regardless of variations due to various measurement environments such as the measurement area or measurement season, or the occurrence of instantaneous abnormal values. Therefore, it is possible to make a highly reliable abnormality determination.
According to the invention of claim 2, the abnormality determination can be divided into a warning determination with a high degree of risk and a forecast determination with a low degree of risk, and a more accurate abnormality determination can be made.

次ぎに、本発明の実施の形態について図面に基づいて説明する。図中１は地盤変位が予想される地区の地下水に含有されるナトリウムイオン等の特定イオン（１種類もしくは複数種類のイオン）の濃度を経時的に測定する濃度センサであって、例えば汎用のイオン選択性電極を用いて構成することができる。濃度センサ１には、例えば電話回線（携帯電話回線を含む）等の通信伝達媒体を用いて測定データを通信することができる通信手段２が設けられている。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a concentration sensor that measures the concentration of specific ions (one type or plural types of ions) such as sodium ions contained in groundwater in an area where ground displacement is expected. A selective electrode can be used. The concentration sensor 1 is provided with a communication means 2 capable of communicating measurement data using a communication transmission medium such as a telephone line (including a mobile phone line).

一方、３は管理端末であって、該管理端末３は、地すべりや表層崩壊等の斜面崩壊による地盤変位の異常判断がなされた場合、必要な対策を立てることが要求されるため、鉄道や道路のような場合、広範囲にわたる多数箇所での管理が必要であり、そこで各測定箇所にこれら管理端末３を個々に設けてそれぞれの地区で管理しても良いが、総合的に管理をすることも要求され、このような場合には、測定したイオン濃度を現地の管理端末を介して本部の管理端末に入力し、この本部の管理端末３で前述した地すべりや表層崩壊等の斜面崩壊による地盤変位の異常判断をし、その結果を、支部の管理端末等、異常判断の結果を知らしめておく必要がある部所（部局、地域）の端末に出力するようにすることで、地すべりや表層崩壊等の斜面崩壊による地盤変位の異常判断の総合管理ができることになるが、本実施の形態では、本部の管理端末３に測定データを集中して入力し、必要な異常判断をし、その結果を現場に通報するようになっている。   On the other hand, 3 is a management terminal, and the management terminal 3 is required to take necessary measures when an abnormal judgment of ground displacement due to slope failure such as landslide or surface failure is made. In such a case, it is necessary to manage at a large number of locations over a wide range, and therefore, these management terminals 3 may be individually provided at each measurement location and managed in each area, but it is also possible to manage them comprehensively. In such a case, the measured ion concentration is input to the management terminal of the headquarters via the local management terminal, and the ground displacement due to the slope failure such as landslide or surface layer collapse described above at the management terminal 3 of this headquarters Landslides, surface layer collapses, etc. by making anomaly judgments and outputting the results to the terminal of the branch (department, region) where the results of the anomaly judgment need to be known, such as branch management terminals Slope failure In this embodiment, measurement data is concentrated and input to the management terminal 3 of the headquarters, necessary abnormality determination is made, and the result is reported to the site. It is like that.

前記管理端末３は、入力手段であるキーボード４、画面表示をするディスプレイ５、そして必要なコンピュータ処理をする端末本体６を用いて構成されるが、端末本体６には、前記濃度センサ１で測定された測定データが入力するようになっている。   The management terminal 3 is configured by using a keyboard 4 as an input means, a display 5 for displaying a screen, and a terminal main body 6 for performing necessary computer processing. The terminal main body 6 is measured by the concentration sensor 1. Measured data is input.

管理端末３は、図２に示すように、システムスタートすると初期設定をし、前記入力した測定データを取り込む（Ｓ−１）ことになるが、該取り込んだ測定データに基づいて短期間平均値Ｘと長期間平均値Ｙとの演算をする（Ｓ−２、３）。短期間平均値Ｘは、予め設定される短期間（例えば現在から２４時間前とか４８時間前まで）の測定データの平均値であり、長期間平均値Ｙは、予め設定される長期間（例えば現在から１６８時間（１週間）前とか３３６時間（２週間）前まで）の測定データの平均値である。   As shown in FIG. 2, when the system is started, the management terminal 3 performs initial settings and takes in the input measurement data (S-1). The short-term average value X is based on the taken measurement data. And the long-term average value Y are calculated (S-2, 3). The short-term average value X is an average value of measurement data in a preset short period (for example, from 24 hours before or 48 hours before), and the long-term average value Y is a preset long-term value (for example, The average value of the measurement data from 168 hours (one week) or 336 hours (two weeks) before the present)

このように短長期間平均値Ｘ、Ｙが演算されると、測定データに異常があるか否かの異常判断がなされるが、本実施の形態の異常判断では警報を要する警報判断と警報前の予報判断との二つの異常判断がなされるように設定され、以下、これについて説明するが、例えば警報判断の一つだけの異常判断、あるいは予報判断を二段階以上とした三つ以上の異常判断をするように設定することができる。   Thus, when the average values X and Y for short and long periods are calculated, an abnormality determination is made as to whether or not there is an abnormality in the measurement data. It is set to make two abnormal judgments, such as forecast judgment, and this will be explained below. For example, only one abnormality judgment of alarm judgment or three or more abnormalities with two or more forecast judgments It can be set to make a decision.

そして次に、ここでは警報判断をするための警報判断値Ａを演算する（Ｓ−４）ことになるが、警報判断値Ａは、前記演算された長期間平均値Ｙに対して予め設定された警報設定割合αだけ変化させた値として求められる。つまり警報判断値Ａは、長期間平均値Ｙに対してα％（例えば３０％）増加した変化値（減、または増減の両方であってもよい）として求められる。
Ａ＝Ｙ×（１＋α） Then, here, the alarm judgment value A for alarm judgment is calculated (S-4). The alarm judgment value A is preset with respect to the calculated long-term average value Y. It is obtained as a value changed by the alarm setting ratio α. That is, the alarm judgment value A is obtained as a change value (which may be both decrease and increase / decrease) increased by α% (for example, 30%) with respect to the long-term average value Y.
A = Y × (1 + α)

このようにして警報判断値Ａが演算されると、次に短期間平均値Ｘが警報判断値Ａを超えているか否かの判断（Ｓ−５）がなされ、超えている（Ｘ＞Ａ）としてＹＥＳの判断がなされると、現在、異常状態であると判断し、警報発令をする（Ｓ−６）ように制御される。   When the alarm determination value A is calculated in this way, it is then determined whether or not the short-term average value X exceeds the alarm determination value A (S-5) and exceeds (X> A). If YES is determined, it is determined that the current state is abnormal, and an alarm is issued (S-6).

これに対し、短期間平均値Ｘが警報判断値Ａ以下であるとしてＮＯの判断がなされると、前記予報判断をするための予報判断値Ｂを演算する（Ｓ−７）ことになるが、予報判断値Ｂは、前記演算された長期間平均値Ｙに対して予め設定された予報設定割合β（ここで予報は警報よりも安全率が高いのでβ＜αとなる）だけ変化した値として求められる。つまり予報判断値Ｂは、長期間平均値Ｙに対してβ％（例えば２４％（例えば３０％の変化量から２０％減じた量として設定してもよい）増加する変化値（減、または増減の両方であってもよい）として求められる。
Ｂ＝Ｙ×（１＋β） On the other hand, if NO is determined that the short-term average value X is equal to or less than the warning determination value A, the prediction determination value B for making the prediction determination is calculated (S-7). The forecast judgment value B is a value that has changed by a preset forecast setting ratio β with respect to the calculated long-term average value Y (here, β <α because the forecast has a higher safety factor than the alarm). Desired. That is, the forecast judgment value B is a change value (decrease or increase / decrease) that increases by β% (for example, 24% (for example, may be set as an amount obtained by subtracting 20% from the change amount of 30%) with respect to the long-term average value Y. Both may be required).
B = Y × (1 + β)

このようにして予報判断値Ｂが演算されると、次に短期間平均値Ｘが警報判断値Ｂを超えているか否かの判断（Ｓ−８）がなされ、超えている（Ｘ＞Ｂ）としてＹＥＳの判断がなされると、現在、予報状態であると判断し、予報発令をする（Ｓ−９）ように制御される。   When the forecast determination value B is calculated in this way, it is next determined whether or not the short-term average value X exceeds the alarm determination value B (S-8), and exceeds (X> B). If YES is determined, it is determined that it is currently in a forecast state, and control is performed so as to issue a forecast (S-9).

叙述の如く構成された本発明の実施の形態において、地盤変位の異常判断をするに際し、短期間平均値Ｘと長期間平均値Ｙとを演算すると共に、長期間平均値Ｙに対してそれぞれ所定の設定割合α、βの値だけ変化させた警報判断値Ａ、予報判断値Ｂを演算し、そして短期間平均値Ｘが警報判断値Ａを超えているときには警報判断をし、予報判断値を超えているときには予報判断をする制御を実行することになる。この結果、測定地域や測定季節等の様々な測定環境によって測定データにさまざまな変動があって一様でない場合であっても、その環境に対応させた警報判断、予報判断を実施することができる。しかもこれら判断は、短期間平均値Ｘに基づいて行うものであるため、測定装置に何らかのトラブルがあったりして瞬間的な異常値が発生したときに、これに影響されることなく的確な判断ができることになって信頼性が向上する。   In the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, when determining the abnormality of the ground displacement, the short-term average value X and the long-term average value Y are calculated, and each predetermined value for the long-term average value Y is determined. The alarm judgment value A and the forecast judgment value B, which are changed by the set ratios α and β, are calculated. When the short-term average value X exceeds the warning judgment value A, the alarm judgment is made, and the forecast judgment value is calculated. When it exceeds, control for judging the forecast is executed. As a result, even if the measurement data varies due to various measurement environments such as the measurement area and measurement season and is not uniform, it is possible to carry out alarm judgments and forecast judgments corresponding to those environments. . In addition, since these determinations are made based on the short-term average value X, when a measurement device has some trouble or an instantaneous abnormal value occurs, it can be accurately determined without being affected by this. Can improve reliability.

しかもこのものでは、異常判断を、長期間平均値Ｙに対して大きい変化割合αをもって判断する危険度が高い警報判断と、小さい変化割合βをもって判断する警報判断に至る前段階の予報判断とができることになるため、異常判断が段階化され、より信頼性が高い異常判断ができることになる。   In addition, in this case, there is a high-risk alarm judgment in which the abnormality judgment is judged with a large change rate α with respect to the long-term average value Y, and a previous-stage forecast judgment that leads to an alarm judgment with a small change rate β. As a result, abnormality determination is staged, and abnormality determination with higher reliability can be performed.

異常判断システムのブロック回路図である。It is a block circuit diagram of an abnormality judgment system. 異常判断のフローチャート図である。It is a flowchart figure of abnormality determination.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 濃度センサ
３ 管理端末３ 1 Concentration sensor 3 Management terminal 3

Claims (3)

継続的に入力する地盤変位の測定データに基づいて地盤変位の異常判断をする装置であって、該地盤変位の異常判断装置には、前記入力した測定データに基づいて現在から予め設定される短期間前までと長期間前までとの測定データにより短期間平均値と長期間平均値とをそれぞれ演算する平均値演算手段と、前記演算された長期間平均値に対して予め設定される異常判断割合だけ変化させた異常判断値を演算する異常判断値演算手段と、前記演算された短期間平均値が該演算された異常判断値を超えているか否かの判断をし、超えていると判断された場合、現在異常状態であると判断する異常判断手段とを備えて構成されていることを特徴とする地盤変位の異常判断装置。   An apparatus for determining abnormality of ground displacement based on continuously input measurement data of ground displacement, the ground displacement abnormality determining apparatus being a short-term preset from the present based on the input measurement data Mean value calculating means for calculating a short-term average value and a long-term average value based on measurement data before and a long time ago, and an abnormality determination preset for the calculated long-term average value An abnormality determination value calculating means for calculating an abnormality determination value changed by a ratio, and determining whether or not the calculated short-term average value exceeds the calculated abnormality determination value, and determining that it has exceeded An abnormality determination device for ground displacement, characterized by comprising an abnormality determination means for determining that the current state is abnormal when it is performed. 異常判断値は、異常判断割合が大きい警報判断値と小さい予報判断値とが少なくとも設定されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の地盤変位の異常判断装置。   2. The ground displacement abnormality determination device according to claim 1, wherein at least an alarm determination value with a large abnormality determination ratio and a small forecast determination value are set as the abnormality determination value. 継続的に入力する地盤変位の測定データに基づいて地盤変位の異常判断をする方法であって、該地盤変位の異常判断方法は、前記入力した測定データに基づいて現在から予め設定される短期間前までと長期間前までとの測定データにより短期間平均値と長期間平均値とをそれぞれ演算する平均値演算工程と、前記演算された長期間平均値に対して予め設定される異常判断割合だけ変化させた異常判断値を演算する異常判断値演算工程と、前記演算された短期間平均値が該演算された異常判断値を超えているか否かの判断をし、超えていると判断された場合、現在異常状態であると判断する異常判断工程とを備えて構成されていることを特徴とする地盤変位の異常判断方法。   A ground displacement abnormality determination method based on continuously input ground displacement measurement data, wherein the ground displacement abnormality determination method is a short period preset from the present based on the input measurement data. An average value calculation step for calculating a short-term average value and a long-term average value based on measurement data before and for a long period of time respectively, and an abnormality determination ratio set in advance for the calculated long-term average value An abnormality determination value calculating step for calculating an abnormality determination value that is changed only by the amount, and determining whether or not the calculated short-term average value exceeds the calculated abnormality determination value. A ground displacement abnormality determination method, comprising: an abnormality determination step of determining that the current state is abnormal.
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