JP2009235575A - Method and apparatus for charging raw material into movable-type hearth furnace - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for charging raw material into movable-type hearth furnace Download PDF

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JP2009235575A
JP2009235575A JP2009052402A JP2009052402A JP2009235575A JP 2009235575 A JP2009235575 A JP 2009235575A JP 2009052402 A JP2009052402 A JP 2009052402A JP 2009052402 A JP2009052402 A JP 2009052402A JP 2009235575 A JP2009235575 A JP 2009235575A
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hearth furnace
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JP5407436B2 (en
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Natsuo Ishiwatari
夏生 石渡
Hiroyuki Hirohane
弘行 広羽
Kanji Takeda
幹治 武田
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JFE Steel Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for charging raw materials effective to secure the uniformity of the thickness of the raw material charging layer on a large-scaled movable-hearth. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for charging the raw material into the movable-type hearth furnace, in which the raw materials containing iron-containing material and solid reducing agent, are charged and piled up onto the movable-hearth horizontally moving in the heating furnace, and heated and reduced during moving the movable-hearth in the furnace to produce the reduced iron; the above raw materials are cut and piled up in the plurality of positions from the plurality of raw material hoppers disposed in the furnace width direction onto the movable-hearth and also, the layer thickness adjustment of the raw material charged layer, is performed, and the apparatus for disposing the raw-material hoppers in the parallel-state in the furnace direction is provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法および原料装入装置、とくに鉄含有物等からなる原料を広幅の移動床上に、炉幅方向に均等に装入堆積させるための有効な原料装入方法とこの方法に用いる原料装入装置に関する。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an effective method for charging and depositing a raw material charging method and a raw material charging apparatus, particularly an iron-containing material, into a mobile hearth furnace evenly on a wide moving bed in the furnace width direction. The present invention relates to a raw material charging method and a raw material charging device used in this method.

還元鉄等の製造プロセスのひとつに、水平方向に移動する炉床上に、鉄鉱石と固体還元剤とを装入して堆積させ、上方から輻射伝熱によって鉄鉱石を加熱し、還元することにより還元鉄を製造する、いわゆる移動型炉床炉法がある(特許文献１〜３）。この既知の方法で用いられる移動型炉床炉は、炉床が加熱炉内を水平に移動する過程で装入原料を加熱する形式の炉であり、水平に移動する炉床が、図１に示すような回転(旋回)しながら移動するのが普通である。   In one of the manufacturing processes of reduced iron, etc., iron ore and a solid reducing agent are charged and deposited on a horizontally moving hearth, and the iron ore is heated and reduced by radiant heat transfer from above. There is a so-called moving hearth furnace method for producing reduced iron (Patent Documents 1 to 3). The movable hearth furnace used in this known method is a furnace that heats the charged raw material in the process of moving the hearth horizontally in the heating furnace, and the horizontally moving hearth is shown in FIG. It is common to move while rotating (turning) as shown.

上記の移動型炉床炉として、回転炉床炉の例について説明する。
従来の回転炉床炉は、図１に示すように、原料の供給側から排出側に向かって、予熱帯１０ａ、還元帯１０ｂ、溶融帯１０cおよび冷却帯１０ｄに区画された環状の炉体１０を有し、その炉体内に環状の移動床１１を回転移動するように配設した構成を有するものである。その移動床１１上には、例えば、鉄鉱石や製鉄ダストやスラッジのペレット、ブリケットなどの原料と固体還元剤である炭材との混合物（炭材内装ペレットであってもよい）が装入される。この移動床１１は、表面に耐火物が施工してあるが、例えば粒状耐火物を堆積させたものであってもよい。そして、炉体１０の側壁には、バーナー１３が配設してあり、このバーナー１３を熱源として、移動床１１上に堆積させた鉄鉱石等を炭材介在の下に加熱し、還元して還元鉄を得るようになっている。なお、図１において、符号１４は原料を炉床上へ装入する原料装入装置、符号１５は還元鉄を排出する排出装置である。 An example of a rotary hearth furnace will be described as the mobile hearth furnace.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional rotary hearth furnace has an annular furnace body 10 partitioned into a pre-tropical zone 10a, a reduction zone 10b, a melting zone 10c, and a cooling zone 10d from the raw material supply side to the discharge side. And the annular moving bed 11 is arranged to rotate in the furnace body. On the moving floor 11, for example, a mixture of raw materials such as iron ore, iron dust, sludge pellets, briquettes, etc., and a carbonaceous material as a solid reducing agent (may be a carbonaceous internal pellet) is charged. The Although the refractory material is constructed on the surface of the movable floor 11, for example, a granular refractory material may be deposited. A burner 13 is disposed on the side wall of the furnace body 10. Using this burner 13 as a heat source, iron ore and the like deposited on the moving bed 11 are heated and reduced under the presence of carbonaceous material. Get reduced iron. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 14 denotes a raw material charging device for charging the raw material onto the hearth, and reference numeral 15 denotes a discharge device for discharging reduced iron.

このような移動型炉床炉の操業において重要なことは、移動床上にある原料装入層へのバーナーによる加熱に当たって、いかに均一にしかも円滑な熱供給を行うかである。この炉の場合、バーナーによって加熱するとき、熱はまず炉内の輻射伝熱によって原料装入層に伝わり、そして伝導伝熱によって原料装入層内に伝達される。その熱の伝導速度は、物質固有の伝熱係数と層厚とによって決まり、層厚が厚いほど還元反応が完了するまでの時間がかかることが知られている。従って、もし原料装入層の層厚にムラがあると、原料装入層全体の還元を完了させようとすると、最も厚い層厚部分の還元反応が完了するのを待たなければならない。このことから、移動型炉床炉の操業においては、装入層の層厚のムラ（変動）を抑制するための原料装入方法の検討が重要な課題となる。   What is important in the operation of such a moving hearth furnace is how to provide a uniform and smooth heat supply when heating the raw material charging layer on the moving bed by a burner. In the case of this furnace, when heated by a burner, heat is first transferred to the raw material charging layer by radiant heat transfer in the furnace, and then transferred to the raw material charging layer by conductive heat transfer. It is known that the heat conduction rate is determined by the heat transfer coefficient and the layer thickness inherent to the substance, and it takes time until the reduction reaction is completed as the layer thickness increases. Therefore, if the thickness of the raw material charging layer is uneven, when the reduction of the entire raw material charging layer is to be completed, it is necessary to wait for the reduction reaction of the thickest layer thickness portion to be completed. For this reason, in the operation of a mobile hearth furnace, the examination of the raw material charging method for suppressing the unevenness (fluctuation) of the thickness of the charging layer becomes an important issue.

この点に関し、特許文献４は、移動型炉床炉における原料の装入に当たって、炭材層と原料層の２層構造を作るための装入方法を提案しており、また、特許文献５は、原料装入層の層厚を自由に変更するための可動式の均し機構を具えた原料供給装置を開示している。さらに、特許文献６は、２層構造の原料装入層を形成する場合において、特許文献３の原料供給装置を改良して、原料層厚の変動を抑制する技術を提案している。   In this regard, Patent Document 4 proposes a charging method for making a two-layer structure of a carbon material layer and a raw material layer in charging a raw material in a mobile hearth furnace. Discloses a raw material supply apparatus having a movable leveling mechanism for freely changing the thickness of the raw material charging layer. Further, Patent Document 6 proposes a technique of improving the material supply apparatus of Patent Document 3 and suppressing the variation of the material layer thickness when forming the material charging layer having a two-layer structure.

特許第３８７３３６７号公報Japanese Patent No. 3873367 特許第３８４５９７８号公報、Japanese Patent No. 3845978, 特許第３５１３８３２号公報Japanese Patent No. 3513832 特許第３８７９３７５号公報Japanese Patent No. 3879375 特開２００４−３６０９５３号公報JP 2004360953 A 特開２００４−２５８３５０号公報JP 2004-258350 A

上述したように、特許文献５および６のような原料供給（装入）装置による層厚調節はある程度有効である。しかしながら、これらの提案に係る原料供給（装入）装置では、加熱炉が大型化して炉幅が大きくなると、該原料供給（装入）装置に付帯させている層厚調節装置（レベラー）がうまく機能せず、装入層表面が不均一（炉幅方向での層厚の違い）になりやすいという問題があった。とくに、近年、移動型炉床炉は、直径５０ｍ、炉幅１０ｍ以上もの回転炉床炉も現われているのが実情である。その結果、炉幅方向に横架されているレベラーの回転軸は自重によって大きく撓むようになり、このことが、炉幅方向における前記層厚分布の変動を一層助長するという問題を招いていた。   As described above, the adjustment of the layer thickness by the raw material supply (charging) apparatus as in Patent Documents 5 and 6 is effective to some extent. However, in the raw material supply (charging) apparatus according to these proposals, when the heating furnace is enlarged and the furnace width becomes large, the layer thickness adjusting apparatus (leveler) attached to the raw material supply (charging) apparatus works well. It did not function, and there was a problem that the charged layer surface was likely to be non-uniform (difference in layer thickness in the furnace width direction). In particular, in recent years, a rotary hearth furnace having a diameter of 50 m and a furnace width of 10 m or more has appeared as a mobile hearth furnace. As a result, the rotating shaft of the leveler horizontally mounted in the furnace width direction is greatly bent by its own weight, which causes a problem of further promoting the fluctuation of the layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction.

本発明の目的は、炉体が大型化しても原料装入層の炉幅方向における層厚均一性を確保するのに有効な原料の装入方法とその装置を提案することにある。   An object of the present invention is to propose a raw material charging method and apparatus effective for ensuring the uniformity of the layer thickness in the furnace width direction of the raw material charging layer even if the furnace body is enlarged.

上記目的の実現に向けた研究の中で、発明者らは、以下に記述する要旨構成に係る解決手段に想到した。即ち、本発明は、
（１）加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法において、前記原料を、移動床の上に、炉幅方向に並列配置した複数の原料ホッパから複数位置に切り出して堆積させるとともに、その原料装入層の層厚調節を行う移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法を提案する。
（２）加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法において、移動床の上に、前記原料を炉幅方向に並列配置した複数の原料ホッパから複数位置に切り出して堆積させるとともに、その原料装入層の層厚調節を行い、かつ隣り合う前記原料ホッパを、隣接するものどうしの間隔（Ｄ）が、該原料ホッパ下端部から装入面までの距離を（Ｌ）とし、原料の安息角を（θ）としたときに、次式：
ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄ
を満足するように並列配置した態様で装入することを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法を提案する。 During research aimed at realizing the above-described object, the inventors have come up with a solution for the gist configuration described below. That is, the present invention
(1) A raw material containing iron-containing material and a solid reducing agent is charged and loaded on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced by heating and reducing while the moving bed moves through the furnace. In the raw material charging method to the mobile hearth furnace of the type that produces iron, the raw material is deposited on the moving bed at a plurality of positions from a plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction. We propose a raw material charging method for a mobile hearth furnace that adjusts the thickness of the raw material charging layer.
(2) A raw material containing iron-containing material and a solid reducing agent is charged and loaded on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced by heating and reducing while the moving bed moves through the furnace. In the raw material charging method to the mobile hearth furnace of the type for producing iron, the raw material is cut out and deposited at a plurality of positions from a plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction on the moving bed, and The thickness of the raw material charging layer is adjusted, and the adjacent raw material hoppers have an interval (D) between adjacent ones, and the distance from the lower end of the raw material hopper to the charging surface (L). When the angle of repose is (θ), the following formula:
tanθ <2L / D
A raw material charging method for a mobile hearth furnace is proposed in which charging is performed in a state of being arranged in parallel so as to satisfy the above.

本発明の方法においては、
（１）前記層厚調節は、並列配置された原料ホッパ下の炉幅方向に横架した回転軸と、この回転軸に取付けられ回転によって揺動する層厚調節用可動板とを備える層厚調節装置により行うこと、
（２）前記層厚調節は、前記層厚調節用可動板の揺動角度を変えることにより行うこと、
（３）前記層厚調節は、架台上に昇降自在に設置した原料ホッパーの昇降により行うこと、
（４）前記層厚調節は、原料ホッパーの前面に設置した昇降するスライドゲートを使って行うこと、
がより好ましい解決手段となる。 In the method of the present invention,
(1) The layer thickness adjustment includes a rotation shaft horizontally mounted in the furnace width direction below the raw material hopper arranged in parallel and a layer thickness adjustment movable plate attached to the rotation shaft and swinging by rotation. To do with the adjusting device,
(2) The layer thickness adjustment is performed by changing a swing angle of the layer thickness adjusting movable plate;
(3) The layer thickness adjustment is performed by raising and lowering a raw material hopper that is movably installed on a gantry.
(4) The layer thickness adjustment is performed using a slide gate that moves up and down installed in front of the raw material hopper.
Is a more preferable solution.

本発明はまた、
（１）加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉において、この炉の前記移動床上の炉幅方向に沿って横架した回転軸に対し、複数個の原料ホッパを軸支して並列に配置してなり、かつこれらの原料ホッパにはそれぞれ原料装入面の層厚調整を行うための層厚調節装置を付帯させたことを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置である。
（２）加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉において、この炉の前記移動床上の炉幅方向に沿って並列に配置してなる複数個の原料ホッパと、この原料ホッパ下の炉幅方向に横架した回転軸と、この回転軸に取付けられ回転によって揺動して装入面の層厚調整を行う層厚調節用可動板とによって構成された層厚調節装置とを備え、かつ隣り合う前記原料ホッパは、隣接するものどうしの間隔（Ｄ）が、該原料ホッパ下端部から装入面までの距離を（Ｌ）とし、原料の安息角を（θ）としたときに、次式：
ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄ
を満足するように並列配置したことを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置である。 The present invention also provides
(1) A raw material containing iron-containing material and a solid reducing agent is charged and loaded on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced by heating and reducing while the moving bed moves through the furnace. In a movable hearth furnace of the type that produces iron, a plurality of raw material hoppers are pivotally supported and arranged in parallel to a rotating shaft that is horizontally installed along the furnace width direction on the moving bed of the furnace. These raw material hoppers are each equipped with a layer thickness adjusting device for adjusting the layer thickness of the raw material charging surface, which is a raw material charging device for a mobile hearth furnace.
(2) A raw material containing iron-containing material and a solid reducing agent is charged and loaded on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced by heating and reducing while the moving bed moves through the furnace. In a movable hearth furnace of the type that produces iron, a plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel along the width direction of the furnace on the moving bed of the furnace, and horizontally mounted in the furnace width direction below the raw material hopper And a layer thickness adjusting device that is attached to the rotating shaft and swings by rotation to adjust the layer thickness of the charging surface, and is adjacent to the raw material. The distance between adjacent hoppers (D) when the distance from the lower end of the raw material hopper to the charging surface is (L) and the repose angle of the raw material is (θ), the following formula:
tanθ <2L / D
It is the raw material charging apparatus to the mobile hearth furnace, which is arranged in parallel so as to satisfy the above.

本発明の装置においては、
（１）前記層厚調節装置は、回転軸の回転によって揺動する層厚調節用可動板の揺動角度を変えることによって行われるものであること、
（２）前記層厚調節装置は、架台上に設けたジャッキを介して昇降するようにした原料ホッパ自体で行うようにしたこと、
（３）前記層厚調節装置は、原料ホッパの移動方向側前面に配置されたスライドゲートを介して行うようにしたものであること、
が好ましい解決手段となる。 In the apparatus of the present invention,
(1) The layer thickness adjusting device is performed by changing a swing angle of a layer thickness adjusting movable plate that swings by rotation of a rotation shaft.
(2) The layer thickness adjusting device is performed by a raw material hopper itself that is moved up and down via a jack provided on a gantry.
(3) The layer thickness adjusting device is configured to be performed via a slide gate disposed on the front surface of the raw material hopper in the moving direction.
Is a preferred solution.

（１）本発明によれば、移動型炉床炉が大型化し、炉幅が大きくなった場合でも、原料装入層の炉幅方向における層厚の均一性を確保することができると共に、粒径分布の変動を抑制することができる。 (1) According to the present invention, even when the movable hearth furnace is enlarged and the furnace width is increased, the uniformity of the layer thickness in the furnace width direction of the raw material charging layer can be ensured, Variations in the diameter distribution can be suppressed.

（２）本発明によれば、大型（広幅）炉床に対応した原料装入装置を提供することができると共に、この場合であっても、炉幅方向における層厚均一性を確保するのに有効な解決手段が得られる。 (2) According to the present invention, a raw material charging apparatus corresponding to a large (wide) hearth can be provided, and even in this case, the layer thickness uniformity in the furnace width direction can be ensured. An effective solution is obtained.

（３）本発明によれば、原料装入層の均一で迅速な加熱、還元をもたらし、焼けムラを防止して、強度の高い還元鉄を高い生産性を維持して製造するのに有効な技術を提案することができる。 (3) According to the present invention, uniform and rapid heating and reduction of the raw material charging layer is achieved, and uneven burning is prevented, and it is effective for producing high-strength reduced iron while maintaining high productivity. Technology can be proposed.

回転炉床炉の略線図である。It is a basic diagram of a rotary hearth furnace. 原料装入装置の一例を示す正面図ならびに側面図である。It is the front view and side view which show an example of a raw material charging device. 従来技術下での層厚分布を示す図である。It is a figure which shows layer thickness distribution under a prior art. 本発明の層厚調節装置の一例を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows an example of the layer thickness adjusting apparatus of this invention. 本発明の層厚調節装置の他の例を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the other example of the layer thickness adjusting apparatus of this invention. 本発明を適用したときの層厚分布の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of layer thickness distribution when this invention is applied. ２ホッパ時の層厚分布を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining layer thickness distribution at the time of 2 hoppers. ２ホッパ時の装入による層厚分布の図である。It is a figure of the layer thickness distribution by the charge at the time of 2 hoppers. 実施例における鉄鉱石の層厚分布の図である。It is a figure of the layer thickness distribution of the iron ore in an Example. 本発明を適用したときの層厚分布の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of layer thickness distribution when this invention is applied.

本発明は、基本的には、大型の移動型炉床炉（ただし、以下に述べる例は、「回転炉床炉」である）に対応する原料の装入方法ならびにそのための装置を提案するものである。この方法の実施のために、本発明では、図１に示す回転炉床炉１０の、水平方向に旋回移動する環状の移動床１１上（予め炭材を敷き詰めておく場合を含む）の予熱帯１０ａの入口部分に配設する原料装入装置１４として、以下の構成のものを用いる。例えば、以下の説明において、この原料装入装置１４は、図２に示すとおり、炉の大型化に対応して、炉幅方向（移動方向に直交する向き）に複数個、図示例では２基の原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを並列配置した例である。もちろん、本発明では、２基だけでなく３基以上の原料ホッパを並列配置したものであってもよい。なお、本発明において原料とは、鉱石およびコークス・石炭等の炭材（固体還元材）との混合物を言う。   The present invention basically proposes a raw material charging method corresponding to a large-sized mobile hearth furnace (the example described below is a “rotary hearth furnace”) and an apparatus therefor. It is. In order to carry out this method, in the present invention, the pre-tropical zone of the rotary hearth furnace 10 shown in FIG. 1 on the annular moving bed 11 that swirls in the horizontal direction (including the case where charcoal material is spread beforehand). As the raw material charging device 14 disposed at the inlet portion of 10a, the following configuration is used. For example, in the following description, as shown in FIG. 2, the raw material charging apparatus 14 includes a plurality of raw material charging apparatuses 14 in the furnace width direction (direction perpendicular to the moving direction) in correspondence with the increase in the size of the furnace. This is an example in which raw material hoppers 14a and 14b are arranged in parallel. Of course, in the present invention, not only two but also three or more raw material hoppers may be arranged in parallel. In the present invention, the raw material refers to a mixture of ore and carbonaceous material (solid reducing material) such as coke and coal.

本発明において、このように炉幅方向に複数の原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを並列配置する理由は、回転炉床炉１０が大型化すると、たとえ、特許文献５に示すような粉体材料供給装置を用いて装入層表面の掻き均し処理を行ったとしても、それは所詮、炉長方向（炉床移動方向）の層厚変更を修正するものであって、炉幅方向の層厚変動を抑制する効果は小さいのが普通である。即ち、図２、図３に示すように、この装置（レベラー）では、回転軸がそれの自重により炉幅方向の中央部が撓み、その結果、原料装入層の堆積層は、炉幅方向の中央が窪むと同時に両側部が高くなる不均一な層厚分布になる。   In the present invention, the reason why the plurality of raw material hoppers 14a and 14b are arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction is that, if the rotary hearth furnace 10 is enlarged, a powder material supply apparatus as shown in Patent Document 5 is used. Even if it is used to scrape and smooth the surface of the charged layer, it corrects the layer thickness change in the furnace length direction (furnace floor movement direction) and suppresses layer thickness fluctuation in the furnace width direction. The effect of doing is usually small. That is, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in this apparatus (leveler), the central part in the furnace width direction is bent by the weight of the rotating shaft, and as a result, the deposited layer of the raw material charging layer is in the furnace width direction. As a result, the thickness of the center of the film becomes concave and both sides become higher.

図３の場合で言うと、炉床中央からの距離が１０００ｍｍを超えるような原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂ端部では、正の偏差、いわゆる層圧の厚い部分が発生し、その部分により多くの原料が装入されることとなる。装入された鉱石は加熱によって、還元反応を起すが、この反応は吸熱反応であり、層厚の厚い部分ほど多くの熱を必要とし、加熱にはより長い時間が必要となる。もし、層厚の厚い部分の銑滓分離を十分に行わせるためには、長時間の加熱操業が必要となり、それでは炉の生産性が落ちてしまう。一方、層厚の薄い部分に合わせて、操業すれば厚い堆積部分は熱不足の状態となり、大量の不良品を発生してしまう。大量の不良品が発生した場合、粒鉄が排出困難となる場合も多く、最悪の場合、操業の継続が難しくなることもある。   In the case of FIG. 3, a positive deviation, that is, a so-called thick portion of the layer pressure occurs at the end of the raw material hoppers 14 a and 14 b whose distance from the center of the hearth exceeds 1000 mm. It will be charged. The charged ore causes a reduction reaction by heating, but this reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the thicker the layer, the more heat is required, and the longer time is required for heating. In order to sufficiently separate the soot in the thick layer portion, a long heating operation is required, which lowers the productivity of the furnace. On the other hand, if the operation is performed in accordance with the portion having a thin layer thickness, the thick deposited portion becomes in a state of heat shortage, and a large number of defective products are generated. When a large number of defective products occur, it is often difficult to discharge the granular iron, and in the worst case, it may be difficult to continue the operation.

一方、図３で示す負の偏差いわゆる堆積層の層厚が薄い場合、不良品の発生は見られず、操業が困難になるということはないが、薄い部分が存在すると、移動床に装入される単位面積あたりの原料装入量が低下してしまい、生産性の低下を招くことになる。   On the other hand, the negative deviation shown in FIG. 3, that is, when the layer thickness of the deposited layer is thin, the occurrence of defective products is not seen, and the operation is not difficult. The amount of raw material charged per unit area is reduced, which leads to a decrease in productivity.

そこで、本発明は、炉の大型化によって炉長方向ではなく炉幅方向に不均一な層厚分布になるのを解消するために、炉幅方向に複数の原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを並列配置し、これらの原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂから同じ原料を等量づつ切り出して、回転軸の長手方向中央部の撓みに起因する炉幅方向における上記の不均一層厚分布を緩和する構造の原料装入装置を採用して対処することにしたのである。   In view of this, the present invention has a plurality of raw material hoppers 14a and 14b arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction in order to eliminate the non-uniform layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction rather than the furnace length direction due to the upsizing of the furnace. The raw material charging apparatus having a structure that cuts out the same raw material in equal amounts from the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b and relaxes the above-mentioned nonuniform layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction caused by the bending of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft. It was decided to deal with it.

なお、本発明において層厚調節と言うのは、原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂから切り出され堆積させた原料装入層表面を掻き均して、炉幅方向における原料装入層の厚さを略均一に均す操作を言い、そのための手段は特に限定しないが、段落[００１０]および[００１７]に記載の装置および以下に例示する形態等を含むものとする。例えば、図４は、前記原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを架台１７上にジャッキ１８を介して昇降自在に設置した層厚調節装置１６の例を示し、該原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂ自体を昇降調節して、炉幅方向の堆積層の山並みを均す装置である。なお、図示の１９は原料装入層、２０は床敷用炭材層である。   In the present invention, the adjustment of the layer thickness means that the surface of the raw material charging layer cut out and deposited from the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b is scraped and the thickness of the raw material charging layer in the furnace width direction is made substantially uniform. Meaning operation is not particularly limited, but includes the apparatus described in paragraphs [0010] and [0017] and the forms exemplified below. For example, FIG. 4 shows an example of a layer thickness adjusting device 16 in which the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b are installed on a pedestal 17 via a jack 18 so that the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b themselves are raised and lowered. It is a device to level the piles of the deposited layer in the furnace width direction. In the figure, 19 is a raw material charging layer, and 20 is a carbon material layer for flooring.

また、図５は、前記原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂの前記炉床移動方向側下部に昇降するスライドゲート２１を設置して、これを昇降させることによって、炉幅方向での不均一層厚分布を掻き均すタイプの層厚調節装置１６の例を示す。   Further, FIG. 5 shows that a non-uniform layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction is scraped by installing a slide gate 21 that moves up and down at the lower part of the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b in the hearth moving direction. An example of the layer thickness adjusting device 16 of the leveling type is shown.

いずれにしても、例示した層厚調節装置１６により、原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂから切り出されて堆積した原料装入層表面の、とくに炉幅方向における層厚変動をある程度なくすことができるようになる。   In any case, the exemplified layer thickness adjusting device 16 can eliminate to some extent fluctuations in the layer thickness, particularly in the furnace width direction, on the surface of the raw material charging layer cut out and deposited from the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b.

しかしながら、単に、炉幅方向に並列させた複数の原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを配設して切り出しただけでは、たとえ前記層厚調節装置１６があったとしても、それは炉長方向の層厚不均一を均すための炉幅方向の均一化にも十分であるとまでは言えない。それは、原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂが複数になると、原料の堆積形状が炉幅方向で高低差をもつ山並み状態で積み付けられる結果、図３に示すような大きなうねりは解消されるものの、代わりに小さなうねり（高低差）が残ることになるからである。   However, simply by arranging and cutting out the plurality of raw material hoppers 14a and 14b arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction, even if the layer thickness adjusting device 16 is provided, it is not possible to obtain a non-uniform layer thickness in the furnace length direction. It cannot be said that it is sufficient for uniforming in the furnace width direction for leveling. When there are a plurality of raw material hoppers 14a and 14b, the raw material is piled up in a mountainous state having a height difference in the furnace width direction. As a result, the large undulation as shown in FIG. This is because undulation (level difference) remains.

その結果、隣り合う原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂ相互間の間隔が大きすぎると、図６に示すように、原料の雪崩れ込みを考慮したとしてもなお不足する領域が発生し、たとえ図２、図４および図５に示すような層厚調節装置１６があったとしても、炉幅方向の層厚分布に一部不均一を生じる場合がある。その場合でも[００１９]で述べた生産性低下または熱不足の問題は生じないものの、原料装入量の点ではやや不利となる。   As a result, if the distance between the adjacent raw material hoppers 14a and 14b is too large, as shown in FIG. 6, even if the snow collapse of the raw material is taken into consideration, an insufficient region occurs, even if FIG. Even if there is a layer thickness adjusting device 16 as shown in FIG. 5, the layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction may be partially uneven. Even in that case, although the problem of productivity reduction or heat shortage described in [0019] does not occur, it is somewhat disadvantageous in terms of raw material charging amount.

それを改善するためには、層厚調節装置の回転軸の軸方向（炉幅方向）に生じる撓みによる影響だけでなく、隣接する原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂどうしの間隔、とくに切り出し原料の安息角θを考慮した適切な間隔を維持することが好ましい。   In order to improve it, not only the influence caused by the deflection occurring in the axial direction (furnace width direction) of the rotation axis of the layer thickness adjusting device, but also the interval between adjacent raw material hoppers 14a and 14b, particularly the repose angle θ of the cut raw material. It is preferable to maintain an appropriate interval considering the above.

図７は、原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂを２基配設してなる２ホッパ原料装入装置１４の例において、ホッパ間隔Ｄとホッパ下端から装入面までの距離Ｌと、鉱石（安息角３７°）を主体とする混合原料の安息角ｔａｎθとの関係を図示したものである。ここで、ホッパ間隔Ｄは、各ホッパ下端の粉体吐出口の最近接距離である。また、ホッパ下端から装入面までの距離Ｌは、ホッパ下端の粉体吐出口から、移動床上に直接、原料がある場合は炉床まで、炉床上に石灰やコークスの床敷炭材層がある場合は、その炭材層の表面までの距離である。   FIG. 7 shows an example of a two-hopper raw material charging device 14 in which two raw material hoppers 14a and 14b are arranged, and a hopper interval D, a distance L from a hopper lower end to a charging surface, and an ore (an angle of repose of 37 °). ) And the repose angle tan θ of the mixed raw material. Here, the hopper interval D is the closest distance of the powder discharge port at the lower end of each hopper. Further, the distance L from the lower end of the hopper to the charging surface is directly from the powder discharge port at the lower end of the hopper to the hearth if there is raw material, and the floor carbonaceous material layer of lime or coke is on the hearth. In some cases, it is the distance to the surface of the carbon material layer.

発明者らの実験によると、上記の関係は、ｔａｎθ＞２Ｌ／Ｄのときは、ホッパ間では、原料の流れ込み不足を生じ、図６、図８に示すように、ホッパ間の中央部に原料の堆積窪みが生じ、前記層厚調節装置１６を使ってもなお、炉幅方向に均一な層厚分布にすることは困難である。   According to the experiments by the inventors, the above relationship shows that when tan θ> 2 L / D, there is insufficient flow of the raw material between the hoppers, and as shown in FIGS. Even when the layer thickness adjusting device 16 is used, it is difficult to obtain a uniform layer thickness distribution in the furnace width direction.

一方、上記の関係において、ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄのときは、両ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂからの流れ込みが適当に起こり、前記堆積窪みは縮小し、少なくとも前記層厚調節装置１６を使えば、炉幅方向への均一な層厚分布の確保に有効である。   On the other hand, in the above relationship, when tan θ <2L / D, the flow from both hoppers 14a and 14b occurs appropriately, the deposition depressions are reduced, and at least the layer thickness adjusting device 16 is used. It is effective in ensuring a uniform layer thickness distribution.

なお、ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄのとき、２Ｌ／Ｄの上限（実質的にはＤの下限）は、単一ホッパに近づくため特に制限はない。実際には、隣接ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂの間隔Ｄを小さくし過ぎると設備上の制約が生じるため、制約を生じない範囲で実施可能である。   When tan θ <2L / D, the upper limit of 2L / D (substantially the lower limit of D) is not particularly limited because it approaches a single hopper. Actually, if the distance D between the adjacent hoppers 14a and 14b is too small, there is a restriction on the equipment, and therefore, it can be implemented in a range where no restriction is generated.

本発明において用いる原料装入装置１４の一形態では、図２に示す例では、上記の原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂ下の炉幅方向に沿って横架された回転軸１６ａと、この回転軸１６ａの回転によって揺動して装入層表面の層厚調節を果す層厚調節用可動板１６ｂと、によって構成される層厚調節装置１６を付帯させて行うのが好ましい形態である。   In one form of the raw material charging apparatus 14 used in the present invention, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the rotary shaft 16a horizontally mounted along the furnace width direction below the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b, and the rotational shaft 16a It is preferable to carry out by attaching a layer thickness adjusting device 16 constituted by a layer thickness adjusting movable plate 16b which swings by rotation and adjusts the layer thickness of the charged layer surface.

なお、この層厚調節装置１６は前記原料ホッパ１４ａ、１４ｂ直下の炉幅方向に掛け渡した回転軸１６ａを適当な間隔で懸吊支持するようにしてもよい。また、この回転軸１６ａに取付けた前記層厚調節用可動板１６ｂは一体のものでも、また、軸方向に複数個に分けて固定したものであってもよい。   The layer thickness adjusting device 16 may suspend and support the rotating shaft 16a suspended in the furnace width direction directly below the raw material hoppers 14a and 14b at an appropriate interval. Further, the layer thickness adjusting movable plate 16b attached to the rotary shaft 16a may be integrated or may be fixed in a plurality of parts in the axial direction.

この層厚調節装置１６による原料装入層表面の炉幅方向における均一装入は、前記回転軸１６ａを回転させることにより、この軸に固定した前記可動板１６ｂを移動床１１の移動方向に揺動させ、その揺動角度によって、該可動板１６ｂ下端と移動床１１またはコークス層との距離（高さＬ）の変動をもたらし、このことによって、既に積み付けた山なみ状態の堆積層表面の掻き均しと層厚調節に併せて実現することができる。   The uniform charging of the surface of the raw material charging layer in the furnace width direction by the layer thickness adjusting device 16 is performed by rotating the rotating shaft 16a to swing the movable plate 16b fixed to the shaft in the moving direction of the moving bed 11. Depending on the rocking angle, the distance (height L) between the lower end of the movable plate 16b and the moving bed 11 or the coke layer is caused to vary. It can be realized in combination with scraping and layer thickness adjustment.

この実施例では、図２に示すような原料装入装置（２ホッパ、図２（ｂ）に示す層厚調節装置１６つき）を用い、石炭と鉄鉱石とからなる原料を回転炉床炉の移動床上（石炭床敷層５０ｍｍあり）に装入して操業したケースでの層厚変動を調査した。即ち、移動床上に、はじめに床敷用石炭を５０ｍｍの厚さに堆積させ、次いで、原料を２０ｍｍの層厚で積載した。混合原料のうち鉄鉱石の安息角は３７°、石炭の安息角は４２°であった。装入後、電極式の層厚測定装置を用いて、層厚を測定した。電極式の層厚測定装置は、針状のプローブの高さを測定しながら、差込み電気抵抗の変化を測定する装置を用いた。この層厚測定装置は、前記プローブが各層の境界面に到達すると、電気抵抗が大きく変化するため、そのときの高さを記録することで、層厚を測定するものである。
なお、使用した原料装入装置は、実験のために、各原料ホッパを固定せずに水平および上下に移動できるように配設したものを用いた。これによって、任意のＤとＬの測定が可能になるようにした。実験の条件および結果を表１に、そして、図９に示した。 In this embodiment, a raw material charging device (2 hoppers, with a layer thickness adjusting device 16 shown in FIG. 2 (b)) as shown in FIG. 2 is used, and a raw material consisting of coal and iron ore is used in a rotary hearth furnace. The layer thickness variation in a case where the operation was carried out on a moving floor (with a coal floor layer of 50 mm) was investigated. That is, the coal for flooring was first deposited to a thickness of 50 mm on the moving floor, and then the raw material was loaded with a layer thickness of 20 mm. Among the mixed raw materials, the repose angle of iron ore was 37 °, and the repose angle of coal was 42 °. After the charging, the layer thickness was measured using an electrode type layer thickness measuring device. As the electrode-type layer thickness measuring apparatus, an apparatus for measuring the change in the insertion electric resistance while measuring the height of the needle-like probe was used. This layer thickness measuring apparatus measures the layer thickness by recording the height at that time because the electrical resistance changes greatly when the probe reaches the boundary surface of each layer.
In addition, the used raw material charging apparatus used what was arrange | positioned so that it could move horizontally and up and down, without fixing each raw material hopper for the experiment. As a result, arbitrary D and L measurements can be made. The experimental conditions and results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.

Figure 2009235575
Figure 2009235575

図示したように、２Ｌ／Ｄがｔａｎθより小さくなると、ホッパ間の層厚標準偏差σは大きくなる。一方、２Ｌ／Ｄがｔａｎθよりも大きいとホッパ間とホッパ正面の層厚標準偏差σが変わらなくなり、層厚変動が更に低減できることが確められた。図１０は、発明法２−１の鉄鉱石の層厚分布を示すものであり、層厚分布は炉幅方向に均一になっていることが確められた。   As shown in the figure, when 2L / D becomes smaller than tan θ, the layer thickness standard deviation σ between hoppers becomes large. On the other hand, when 2L / D is larger than tan θ, the layer thickness standard deviation σ between the hoppers and the front of the hopper does not change, and it was confirmed that the layer thickness variation can be further reduced. FIG. 10 shows the layer thickness distribution of the iron ore of Invention Method 2-1, and it was confirmed that the layer thickness distribution was uniform in the furnace width direction.

本発明は、移動型炉床炉の原料装入技術として有用であるが、この技術はまた、他の例えば焼結設備の原料装入技術などとしても応用が可能である。   Although the present invention is useful as a raw material charging technique for a mobile hearth furnace, this technique can also be applied as a raw material charging technique for other sintering equipment, for example.

１０ 炉体
１０ａ 予熱帯１０ａ
１０ｂ 還元帯
１０ｄ 冷却帯
１１ 移動床
１３ バーナー
１４ 原料装入装置
１５ 排出装置
１４ａ、１４ｂ 原料ホッパ
１６ 層厚調節装置
１６ａ 回転軸
１６ｂ 層厚調節用可動板
１７ 架台
１８ ジャッキ
１９ 原料装入層
２０ 床敷用炭材層
２１ スライドゲート 10 Furnace 10a Pre-Tropical 10a
10b Reduction zone 10d Cooling zone 11 Moving bed 13 Burner 14 Raw material charging device 15 Discharge device 14a, 14b Raw material hopper 16 Layer thickness adjusting device 16a Rotating shaft 16b Layer thickness adjusting movable plate 17 Base 18 Jack 19 Raw material charging layer 20 Floor Carbon material layer 21 for flooring Slide gate

Claims (11)

加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法において、前記原料を、移動床の上に、炉幅方向に並列配置した複数の原料ホッパから複数位置に切り出して堆積させるとともに、その原料装入層の層厚調節を行う移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 Raw material containing iron-containing material and solid reducing agent is loaded and stacked on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced iron is manufactured by heating and reducing while moving in the furnace. In the method of charging raw material into the mobile hearth furnace, the raw material is cut and deposited at a plurality of positions on a moving bed from a plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction. Raw material charging method to a mobile hearth furnace that adjusts the layer thickness. 加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法において、移動床の上に、前記原料を炉幅方向に並列配置した複数の原料ホッパから複数位置に切り出して堆積させるとともに、その原料装入層の層厚調節を行い、かつ隣り合う前記原料ホッパを、隣接するものどうしの間隔（Ｄ）が、該原料ホッパ下端部から装入面までの距離を（Ｌ）とし、原料の安息角を（θ）としたときに、次式：
ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄ
を満足するように並列配置した態様で装入することを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 Raw material containing iron-containing material and solid reducing agent is loaded and stacked on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced iron is manufactured by heating and reducing while moving in the furnace. In the method of charging raw material into the movable hearth furnace, the raw material is cut and deposited at a plurality of positions from a plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel in the furnace width direction on the moving bed, and the raw material charging is performed. The thickness of the layer is adjusted, and the adjacent raw material hoppers have an interval (D) between adjacent ones, the distance from the lower end of the raw material hopper to the charging surface (L), and the angle of repose of the raw material When (θ), the following formula:
tanθ <2L / D
The raw material charging method to the mobile hearth furnace is characterized in that charging is carried out in a manner arranged in parallel so as to satisfy the above. 前記層厚調節は、並列配置された原料ホッパ下の炉幅方向に横架した回転軸と、この回転軸に取付けられ回転によって揺動する層厚調節用可動板とを備える層厚調節装置により行うことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 The layer thickness adjustment is performed by a layer thickness adjusting device including a rotating shaft horizontally installed in the furnace width direction under the raw material hopper arranged in parallel, and a layer thickness adjusting movable plate attached to the rotating shaft and swinging by rotation. The method for charging a raw material into a mobile hearth furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is performed. 前記層厚調節は、前記層厚調節用可動板の揺動角度を変えることにより行うことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 The method of charging a raw material into a movable hearth furnace according to claim 3, wherein the layer thickness adjustment is performed by changing a swing angle of the layer thickness adjusting movable plate. 前記層厚調節は、架台上に昇降自在に設置した原料ホッパーの昇降により行うことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 The method for charging a raw material into a movable hearth furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the layer thickness adjustment is performed by raising and lowering a raw material hopper installed on a pedestal so as to freely move up and down. 前記層厚調節は、原料ホッパーの前面に設置した昇降するスライドゲートを使って行うことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入方法。 3. The method of charging a raw material into a mobile hearth furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the layer thickness adjustment is performed using a slide gate that moves up and down installed in front of the raw material hopper. 加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉において、
この炉の前記移動床上の炉幅方向に沿って横架した回転軸に対し、複数個の原料ホッパを軸支して並列に配置してなり、かつこれらの原料ホッパにはそれぞれ原料装入面の層厚調整を行うための層厚調節装置を付帯させたことを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置。 Raw material containing iron-containing material and solid reducing agent is loaded and stacked on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced iron is manufactured by heating and reducing while moving in the furnace. In a mobile hearth furnace of the type
A plurality of raw material hoppers are axially supported and arranged in parallel with respect to a rotating shaft that extends horizontally along the furnace width direction on the moving bed of the furnace, and these raw material hoppers each have a raw material charging surface. An apparatus for charging a raw material into a mobile hearth furnace, which is provided with a layer thickness adjusting device for adjusting the layer thickness. 加熱炉内を水平に移動する移動床上に、鉄含有物と固体還元剤を含む原料を装入して積み付け、この移動床が炉内を移動する間に加熱、還元して還元鉄を製造する形式の移動型炉床炉において、
この炉の前記移動床上の炉幅方向に沿って並列に配置してなる複数個の原料ホッパと、この原料ホッパ下の炉幅方向に横架した回転軸と、この回転軸に取付けられ回転によって揺動して装入面の層厚調整を行う層厚調節用可動板とによって構成された層厚調節装置とを備え、かつ
隣り合う前記原料ホッパは、隣接するものどうしの間隔（Ｄ）が、該原料ホッパ下端部から装入面までの距離を（Ｌ）とし、原料の安息角を（θ）としたときに、次式：
ｔａｎθ＜２Ｌ／Ｄ
を満足するように並列配置したことを特徴とする移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置。 Raw material containing iron-containing material and solid reducing agent is loaded and stacked on a moving bed that moves horizontally in the heating furnace, and reduced iron is manufactured by heating and reducing while moving in the furnace. In a mobile hearth furnace of the type
A plurality of raw material hoppers arranged in parallel along the furnace width direction on the moving bed of the furnace, a rotating shaft horizontally installed in the furnace width direction under the raw material hopper, and attached to the rotating shaft by rotation. A layer thickness adjusting device that is configured to swing and adjust the layer thickness of the charging surface, and the adjacent raw material hoppers have an interval (D) between adjacent ones When the distance from the lower end of the raw material hopper to the charging surface is (L) and the repose angle of the raw material is (θ), the following formula:
tanθ <2L / D
A raw material charging device for a mobile hearth furnace, which is arranged in parallel so as to satisfy the requirements. 前記層厚調節装置は、回転軸の回転によって揺動する層厚調節用可動板の揺動角度を変えることによって行われるものであることを特徴とする請求項７または８に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置。 The mobile furnace according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the layer thickness adjusting device is performed by changing a swing angle of a layer thickness adjusting movable plate that swings by rotation of a rotating shaft. Raw material charging equipment for floor furnace. 前記層厚調節装置は、架台上に設けたジャッキを介して昇降するようにした原料ホッパ自体で行うようにしたことを特徴とする請求項７または８に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置。 The raw material to the mobile hearth furnace according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the layer thickness adjusting device is performed by a raw material hopper itself that is moved up and down via a jack provided on a gantry. Charging device. 前記層厚調節装置は、原料ホッパの移動方向側前面に配置されたスライドゲートを介して行うようにしたものであることを特徴とする請求項７または８に記載の移動型炉床炉への原料装入装置。 9. The mobile layer hearth furnace according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the layer thickness adjusting device is configured to be performed through a slide gate disposed on the front side in the moving direction of the raw material hopper. Raw material charging equipment.
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