JP2009226488A - Method and apparatus for troubleshooting reduction gear built in robot - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for troubleshooting reduction gear built in robot Download PDF

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JP2009226488A
JP2009226488A JP2008070834A JP2008070834A JP2009226488A JP 2009226488 A JP2009226488 A JP 2009226488A JP 2008070834 A JP2008070834 A JP 2008070834A JP 2008070834 A JP2008070834 A JP 2008070834A JP 2009226488 A JP2009226488 A JP 2009226488A
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iron powder
wear
work
maintenance
reduction gear
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JP4523977B2 (en
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Takeshi Niima
武 新間
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Kanto Jidosha Kogyo KK
Toyota Motor East Japan Inc
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Kanto Jidosha Kogyo KK
Kanto Auto Works Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of troubleshooting a reduction gear built in a robot capable of securing a maintenance level covering from frequent sampling of grease or inspection of the reduction gear finally to replacement of the reduction gear based on an iron powder concentration in the grease successively sampled due to wear in various kinds of reduction gears. <P>SOLUTION: A wear advance characteristic (as shown in Fig.3) for defining a relation between a work load corresponding to a revolution count of a motor under a predetermined load of the reduction gear and the iron powder concentration is prepared. Maintenance level instruction data for defining respective allowable upper limit values of the iron powder concentration is prepared based on the wear advance characteristic so that a plurality of stages of maintenance levels for defining contents of maintenance tasks up to the replacement of the reduction gear for work load ranges W1-W3 in a plurality of incremental stages can be instructed according to the advance of the wear. Determination is made as to whether or not the iron powder concentration for the work load at a time point when the grease is periodically sampled exceeds the allowable upper limit, thereby instructing the maintenance level of belonging work load ranges W1-W3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ロボットに内蔵の減速機の磨耗の進行に対応する保守レベルを減速機の充填のグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度から判断するためのロボット内蔵の減速機の故障診断方法及び装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a failure diagnosis method and apparatus for a reduction gear built in a robot for judging a maintenance level corresponding to the progress of wear of the reduction gear built in the robot from the concentration of iron powder contained in grease filled in the reduction gear. It is.

ロボットで汎用されているモータを駆動源として遊星歯車、転がり軸受、曲線板、コロ、ピン等を減速部の構成部品とする6軸のサイクロ減速機では、ベアリングが荷重を受けて回転すると、内外輪の軌道面及び転動体の転動面は絶えず繰返し応力を受けるので、材料の疲れによって表面がウロコ状に剥れる損傷を生じ、所謂フレーキングと呼ばれる現象が生じる。同様に、ころがり疲れによって小孔(ピット)を生じるピッチング、或いは軌道面と転動体の接触部分が塑性変形して所謂圧こんを生じ、軸受の寿命を短くしている。通常複数個の減速機を備える産業用ロボットにおいては、これらの減速機が故障すると長時間のライン停止につながる問題がある。その外、一般的にコロ、転がり軸受等の転動体等を減速部の構成部品とするロボット内蔵の減速機でも同様な問題がある。   In a 6-axis cyclo reducer that uses planetary gears, rolling bearings, curved plates, rollers, pins, etc. as components of the speed reducer using a motor that is widely used in robots, the inner and outer Since the raceway surface of the ring and the rolling surface of the rolling element are constantly subjected to repeated stress, the material is damaged by peeling off the surface in a scale shape due to fatigue of the material, and a so-called flaking phenomenon occurs. Similarly, pitching that generates small holes (pits) due to rolling fatigue or plastic contact deformation of the contact surface between the raceway surface and the rolling element causes so-called indentation, thereby shortening the life of the bearing. In an industrial robot having a plurality of speed reducers, there is a problem that if these speed reducers break down, the line is stopped for a long time. In addition, there is a similar problem with a reduction gear with a built-in robot that uses a rolling element such as a roller or a rolling bearing as a component part of the reduction portion.

特許文献1によれば、外輪、内輪、両輪間に配置された複数の転動体、両輪の少なくとも一方の端部間に設けられたシール部材及びその内側空間に充填されたグリスを備えている転がり軸受において、シール部材に、グリスの鉄粉含有量を検出する触針を挿通させ、かつ下端が採取口、上端が注入口となる軸方向の貫通孔が設けられている転がり軸受が提案されている。
特開2003−269470
According to Patent Document 1, the outer ring, the inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements disposed between both wheels, a seal member provided between at least one end of both wheels, and a rolling ring provided with grease filled in the inner space thereof. In a bearing, a rolling bearing has been proposed in which a stylus for detecting the iron powder content of grease is inserted in a seal member, and an axial through hole is provided with a lower end serving as a sampling port and an upper end serving as an injection port. Yes.
JP 2003-269470 A

このように一般的にグリスの鉄粉含有量からモータを駆動源とする減速機の磨耗をグリスの鉄粉含有量から推測することは行われているが、減速機の致命的な故障を防止するために、鉄粉含有量からロボットの動作時間に相応の保守作業の内容を事前に自動的に促すような装置は存在しない。   In this way, it is generally estimated from the iron powder content of the grease based on the iron powder content of the grease that the wear of the reducer with the motor as the driving source is estimated, but this prevents a fatal failure of the reducer Therefore, there is no device that automatically prompts in advance the content of maintenance work corresponding to the operation time of the robot from the iron powder content.

本発明は、このような点に鑑みて、各種の減速機について、その磨耗に起因してグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度が、モータの積算回転量だけでなく、さらにトルク及び慣性モーメントに応じた負荷を勘案して積算した仕事量の増加に忠実に対応することを確認したことを前提に、ロボットの動作時間に対して、時間を置いて逐次検出した鉄粉濃度を基にグリスの頻繁なサンプリング或いは減速機の点検等から最終的に減速機の交換に至るまで徐々に進む保守作業の内容である保守レベルを確認可能にするロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。   In view of such a point, the present invention has the iron powder concentration contained in the grease due to the wear of various reduction gears depending not only on the accumulated rotation amount of the motor but also on the torque and the moment of inertia. Assuming that we have faithfully responded to the increase in the amount of work accumulated taking into account the load, the frequent operation of the grease based on the iron powder concentration detected sequentially over time with respect to the robot operation time. It is an object to provide a failure diagnosis method and apparatus for a built-in robot reducer that makes it possible to check the maintenance level, which is the content of maintenance work that gradually progresses from sampling or inspection of the reducer to the final replacement of the reducer. And

本発明は、この目的を達成するために、請求項1により、ロボットに内蔵された減速機の磨耗の進行度に対応する保守作業の内容を充填されているグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度から判断するためのロボット内蔵の減速機の故障診断方法において、減速機の所定の負荷状態でのモータの積算回転量に対応する仕事量と、磨耗に起因してグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度との関係を規定する磨耗進行特性を作成し、増加する複数段階の仕事量範囲に対して減速機の交換に至る保守作業の内容を規定する複数段階の保守レベルを磨耗の進行度に応じて指示し得るように、磨耗進行特性を基に鉄粉濃度の許容値上限値をそれぞれ規定する保守レベル指示データを作成し、定期的にグリスをサンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、許容上限値を上廻るか否かを判断することにより、所属の仕事量範囲の保守レベルを指示することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve this object, according to the present invention, according to claim 1, the content of maintenance work corresponding to the degree of wear of the reducer built in the robot is determined from the concentration of iron powder contained in the filled grease. Between the amount of work corresponding to the total rotation amount of the motor in a predetermined load state of the reducer and the concentration of iron powder contained in the grease due to wear The wear progress characteristics that define the level of maintenance can be specified, and the multi-level maintenance level that defines the content of the maintenance work that leads to the replacement of the reducer can be indicated according to the progress of the wear for the multi-stage work range that increases. As described above, maintenance level instruction data that specifies the upper limit value of the iron powder concentration based on the wear progress characteristics are created, and the iron powder concentration relative to the work amount at the time when the grease is periodically sampled is set to the allowable upper limit value. Top By determining whether, characterized by instructing the maintenance level of workload range belongs.

磨耗の進行は、同一機種に対する同一作業内容によってもある程度ばらつくが、いずれにしても判断時点の減速機モータの積算回転量に対応する各仕事量範囲に応じて故障診断方法は共通し、したがって仕事量範囲に応じて交換に至るまでの保守レベルが指示可能になる。保守レベル指示データは、所定の負荷条件下でのモータの積算回転量或いは積算回転量・トルク・慣性モーメントに対応の仕事量の増加に対する鉄粉濃度の変化特性曲線等になる。典型的な複数段階の保守レベルとしては、請求項2により、複数段階の仕事量範囲が3段階に規定されると共に、対応する3段階の保守レベルが、定期的よりも頻繁なグリスのサンプリングと、減速機の内部点検と、減速機の交換とである。   The progress of wear varies to some extent depending on the same work content for the same model, but in any case, the failure diagnosis method is common according to each work amount range corresponding to the integrated rotation amount of the reduction gear motor at the time of judgment, so the work The maintenance level up to the replacement can be instructed according to the quantity range. The maintenance level instruction data is a change characteristic curve of the iron powder concentration with respect to an increase in the work amount corresponding to the accumulated rotation amount or the accumulated rotation amount / torque / inertia of the motor under a predetermined load condition. As a typical multi-level maintenance level, according to claim 2, the multi-level work range is defined as three levels, and the corresponding three-level maintenance level is more frequent than regular sampling of grease. The internal inspection of the reduction gear and the replacement of the reduction gear.

保守レベル指示データを作成するための磨耗進行特性は、請求項3又は請求項4により、磨耗進行特性が、同種の減速機を実際の負荷状態で作動させた場合の積算回転量に対して計測された鉄粉濃度であるか、又は同種の減速機を実際の負荷状態で作動させた場合の積算回転量に対する鉄粉濃度を標準の磨耗進行特性とすると共に、負荷を変更した場合の積算回転量に対する磨耗進行特性が、
D=Ds×(τ×I)/(τs×Is)、(D:鉄粉濃度、Ds:標準の磨耗進行特性の鉄粉濃度、τs:標準の磨耗進行特性の減速機モータのトルク、Is:標準の磨耗進行特性の減速機モータの慣性モーメント)を基に鉄粉濃度を算出して作成される。
According to claim 3 or claim 4, the wear progress characteristic for creating the maintenance level instruction data is measured with respect to the total rotation amount when the same kind of reduction gear is operated in an actual load state. The iron powder concentration with respect to the accumulated rotation amount when the same kind of speed reducer is operated under the actual load condition is used as the standard wear progress characteristic, and the accumulated rotation when the load is changed Wear progress characteristics with respect to quantity
D = Ds × (τ × I) / (τs × Is), (D: iron powder concentration, Ds: iron powder concentration of standard wear progress characteristics, τs: torque of reducer motor of standard wear progress characteristics, Is : Calculated based on the iron powder concentration based on the standard moment of inertia of the reduction gear motor.

また、保守レベルの判断をより高精度にするには、請求項5により、保守レベル指示データに対して所定量の鉄粉濃度を越えて上廻る異常警告レベルデータを作成し、サンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、異常警告レベルデータで規定される鉄粉濃度を上廻るか否かを判断して、所属の仕事量範囲において、より上レベルの保守レベルを指示する異常警告を行う。   In order to make the determination of the maintenance level more accurate, according to claim 5, the abnormality warning level data exceeding the predetermined amount of iron powder concentration is created with respect to the maintenance level instruction data, Judge whether the iron powder concentration relative to the work volume exceeds the iron powder concentration specified by the abnormal warning level data, and issue an abnormal warning indicating a higher maintenance level in the work volume range to which it belongs. .

前述の目的を達成するための装置としては、請求項6により、ロボットに内蔵された減速機の磨耗の進行度に対応する保守作業の内容を充填されているグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度から判断するためのロボット内蔵の減速機の故障診断装置であって、増加する複数段階の仕事量範囲に対して減速機の交換に至る保守作業の内容を規定する複数段階の保守レベルを磨耗の進行度に応じて指示し得るように、診断対象の減速機の標準的な磨耗進行特性を基に鉄粉濃度の許容値上限値をそれぞれ規定する保守レベル指示データを複数個の減速機について格納する保守レベル指示データ格納手段と、診断対象の減速機について定期的にグリスをサンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、許容値上限値を上廻るか否かを判断することにより、所属の仕事量範囲の保守レベルを指示する保守レベル判断手段と、その判断結果を出力する出力手段と、保守レベル判断手段に対して、診断対象の減速機、仕事量を規定し得るファクタ及び鉄粉濃度を指示する入力手段とを備え、磨耗進行特性が、減速機の所定の負荷状態でのモータの積算回転量に対応する仕事量と、磨耗に起因してグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度との関係を規定することを特徴とする。   As an apparatus for achieving the above-mentioned object, according to claim 6, the content of maintenance work corresponding to the degree of wear of the reduction gear built in the robot is judged from the concentration of iron powder contained in the filled grease. A failure diagnosis device for a reduction gear with a built-in robot, and a multi-stage maintenance level that defines the content of maintenance work leading to replacement of the reduction gear for an increasing multi-stage work range. Maintenance level instruction data that stores the upper limit value of the iron powder concentration tolerance based on the standard wear progress characteristics of the speed reducer to be diagnosed can be stored for multiple speed reducers. By determining whether the iron powder concentration with respect to the work amount at the time when grease is sampled periodically for the speed reducer to be diagnosed and whether the reduction gear to be diagnosed exceeds the allowable upper limit, Maintenance level judging means for instructing the maintenance level of the work amount range, output means for outputting the judgment result, reduction gear to be diagnosed for the maintenance level judging means, factor capable of prescribing the work amount, and iron powder Input means for instructing the concentration, and the wear progress characteristic is a work amount corresponding to the integrated rotation amount of the motor in a predetermined load state of the reduction gear, and the iron powder concentration contained in the grease due to wear. It is characterized by defining the relationship.

請求項1又は請求項6の発明によれば、定期的に減速機のグリスをサンプリングしてその時点までの仕事量に対する検出鉄粉濃度を許容上限値と照合することにより、減速機の磨耗状態を診断することができ、またその結果仕事量に応じて必要になった保守作業を実施することにより、減速機の作動不良に至る重大故障を未然に防止することが可能になる。   According to the invention of claim 1 or claim 6, by periodically sampling the reducer grease and comparing the detected iron powder concentration with respect to the work amount up to that point with the allowable upper limit value, the reduction state of the reducer As a result, it is possible to prevent a serious failure that leads to a malfunction of the speed reducer by carrying out the maintenance work required according to the work amount.

請求項2の発明によればグリスの通常よりも高頻度のサンプリング及び減速機の内部点検により、減速機の磨耗の進行状態を確実に監視可能となる。請求項3の発明によれば磨耗進行特性を予め実測したものを同一機種及び同一負荷を前提に流用でき、請求項4の発明によれば標準の磨耗進行特性を基に同一機種の減速機の負荷を変更した場合、計算により磨耗進行特性を作成可能になる。請求項5又は請求項7の発明によれば保守レベルをより高信頼度下で指示可能となる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reliably monitor the progress of wear of the speed reducer by sampling the grease more frequently than usual and conducting the internal inspection of the speed reducer. According to the invention of claim 3, the wear progress characteristics measured in advance can be used on the premise of the same model and the same load. According to the invention of claim 4, the speed reducer of the same model can be used based on the standard wear progress characteristics. When the load is changed, the wear progress characteristic can be created by calculation. According to the invention of claim 5 or claim 7, it is possible to indicate the maintenance level with higher reliability.

図1乃至図4を基に本発明のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法を実施するための故障診断装置の実施の形態を説明するもので、図1に示すように、ディスプレイ部2と、キーボード3及びマウス4並びに記録媒体ディスクがセットされる出力機能も有するディスクドライブ6等の入力手段5とが付属するパソコン1を用いる。   An embodiment of a failure diagnosis apparatus for carrying out a failure diagnosis method for a robot built-in speed reducer according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. As shown in FIG. 3 and a mouse 4 and a personal computer 1 to which an input means 5 such as a disk drive 6 having an output function for setting a recording medium disk is attached.

パソコン1は、ディスクドライブ6で読取られたプログラムにより内蔵のメモリ、CPU等を作動させて、次の各手段を備えるように機能する。即ち、図3において、点線で示す後述の曲線状の磨耗進行特性を基に、仕事量が順に多くなる第1乃至第3の3段階の仕事量範囲に対して、定期的よりも頻繁なグリスのサンプリング、減速機の内部点検及び減速機の交換である作業内容が段階的に切迫する3段階の保守レベルを指示するために、鉄粉濃度の許容値上限値を規定する保守レベル指示データを複数台のロボットのそれぞれ複数個の減速機について格納する保守レベル指示データ格納手段10と、各ロボットの積算動作時間に対する各減速機の仕事量の換算式を保持しておき、仕事量を規定するファクタとして入力手段5で指示された診断対象のロボットの積算動作時間に応答して、これと所属の各減速機のモータの積算回転量とトルクと慣性モーメントとの乗算値である仕事量パラメータに換算する仕事量換算手段11と、診断対象の減速機について定期的にサンプリングしたグリスの鉄粉濃度の検出時点における仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、所属の保守レベル指示データで規定される許容値上限値を上廻るか否かを判断することにより、診断対象の減速機に対して第1の仕事量範囲では頻繁なサンプリング、第2の仕事量範囲では内部点検及び第3の仕事量範囲では交換の指示を行うと共に、仕事量に対して鉄粉濃度が異常に高い場合には異常判断を行う保守レベル判断手段12と、その判断結果をディスプレイ部2に出力する出力手段13とを備えている。   The personal computer 1 functions to include the following means by operating a built-in memory, CPU, and the like by a program read by the disk drive 6. That is, in FIG. 3, on the basis of a curved wear progress characteristic described later indicated by a dotted line, grease more frequently than the regular period is applied to the first to third three-stage work ranges in which the work increases in order. Maintenance level instruction data that specifies the upper limit value of the iron powder concentration limit in order to indicate the three levels of maintenance level in which the work content that is sampling, reduction gear internal inspection, and reduction gear replacement is imminent in stages Maintenance level instruction data storage means 10 for storing a plurality of speed reducers of a plurality of robots, and a conversion formula for the amount of work of each speed reducer with respect to the accumulated operation time of each robot are defined to define the work amount. In response to the accumulated operation time of the robot to be diagnosed, which is instructed by the input means 5 as a factor, the work amount which is a product of the accumulated rotation amount, torque and moment of inertia of the motor of each of the associated reduction gears The work amount conversion means 11 for converting to a parameter, and the iron powder concentration relative to the work amount at the time of detection of the iron powder concentration of grease periodically sampled for the speed reducer to be diagnosed are specified by the maintenance level instruction data to which it belongs. By determining whether or not the upper limit value is exceeded, frequent sampling in the first work range, internal inspection and third work range in the second work range for the reduction gear to be diagnosed Then, there is provided a maintenance level determination means 12 for instructing replacement and making an abnormality determination when the iron powder concentration is abnormally high with respect to the work amount, and an output means 13 for outputting the determination result to the display unit 2. ing.

図2は、特許文献1にも記載されているように、それ自体周知の鉄粉濃度計測器の構成を示すもので、例えば5cc程度のグリスをサンプリングするための試験管20が装着される励磁コイル21と、このコイルを励磁する励磁回路22と、励磁コイル21で生じる磁束が交鎖する検出コイル23と、その磁性材で鉄粉の濃度に応じて変化する誘起電圧を増幅する増幅器24と、その増幅出力信号レベルを解析して鉄粉濃度を算出する濃度算出回路25と、その算出された鉄粉濃度を数値表示する表示器26とを備えている。   FIG. 2 shows the structure of a well-known iron powder concentration measuring instrument as described in Patent Document 1, for example, an excitation to which a test tube 20 for sampling grease of about 5 cc is attached. A coil 21, an excitation circuit 22 for exciting the coil, a detection coil 23 in which the magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil 21 is linked, and an amplifier 24 for amplifying an induced voltage that changes in accordance with the concentration of iron powder with the magnetic material; A concentration calculation circuit 25 that analyzes the amplified output signal level to calculate the iron powder concentration and a display 26 that displays the calculated iron powder concentration numerically.

保守指示データ格納手段10は、各ロボットの備える複数個の減速機について予め作成された保守レベル指示データ及びこれを所定量上廻る異常警告データを予め入力されて記憶している。図3では、例えば溶接作業を行うロボットの 部分の6軸サイクロ減速機について確認した標準的な点線で示す試験的に確認した磨耗進行特性に対して、特別な保守作業を要することなくロボット動作を許容できる鉄粉濃度上限値を規定する曲線状の保守レベル指示データを実線で示す。また、一点鎖線は、この保守レベル指示データを所定量の鉄粉濃度よりも大きく上廻る異常警告レベルデータを示す。これらの保守レベル指示及び異常警告レベルデータは、各減速機ごとに作成されて格納されている。   The maintenance instruction data storage means 10 is preliminarily inputted and stored with maintenance level instruction data prepared in advance for a plurality of reduction gears included in each robot and abnormality warning data exceeding a predetermined amount. In Fig. 3, for example, the robot operation is performed without special maintenance work for the wear progress characteristics confirmed experimentally indicated by the standard dotted line confirmed for the 6-axis cyclo reducer of the robot part performing the welding work. The curved maintenance level instruction data defining the allowable iron powder concentration upper limit value is indicated by a solid line. Also, the alternate long and short dash line indicates abnormal warning level data that greatly exceeds the maintenance level instruction data above a predetermined amount of iron powder concentration. These maintenance level instructions and abnormality warning level data are created and stored for each reduction gear.

即ち、横軸は、モータの積算回転量とトルクと慣性モーメントとの乗算値に対応する仕事量パラメータであり、括弧内の数値はそのファクタであるモータの積算回転量を示す。縦軸は、グリス充填部の出口で試験管に、全体積600cc程度に対して300ccを定期的に抽出して濃度を均一化した5cc程度のサンプル中の鉄粉の重量比に相当する鉄粉濃度であり、前述の図3に示す鉄粉濃度計測器で検出したものである。その際、同時に300ccのグリスの入換も行う。仕事量パラメータは、減速機のトルク1.42N・m、慣性モーメントが1.09kg・mとすると、積算回転量が例えば1.6×10に達した時点で、その乗算値として約2.5×10となり、対応する保守レベル指示データの鉄粉濃度は約4.2%となる。横軸は積算回転量を等間隔で併記したもので、したがって仕事量パラメータの目盛間隔は等間隔でなく、また負荷状態の変更により、同一積算回転量であってもトルク又は慣性モーメントが変化すると、積算回転量は異なった横軸位置になる。 That is, the horizontal axis is a work amount parameter corresponding to the product of the accumulated rotation amount of the motor, the torque and the moment of inertia, and the numerical value in parentheses indicates the accumulated rotation amount of the motor that is the factor. The vertical axis represents iron powder corresponding to the weight ratio of iron powder in a sample of about 5 cc obtained by regularly extracting 300 cc for a total volume of about 600 cc into a test tube at the outlet of the grease filling section and making the concentration uniform. It is a density | concentration, and is detected with the iron powder density | concentration measuring device shown in above-mentioned FIG. At the same time, 300 cc of grease is replaced. When the reduction gear torque is 1.42 N · m and the moment of inertia is 1.09 kg · m 2 , the work volume parameter is about 2 as a multiplication value when the accumulated rotation amount reaches 1.6 × 10 6 , for example. .5 × 10 6, and the iron powder density of the corresponding maintenance level instruction data is approximately 4.2%. The horizontal axis shows the accumulated rotation amount at equal intervals, so the scale interval of the work parameter is not equal, and the torque or moment of inertia changes even when the accumulated rotation amount is the same due to the change in the load state. The accumulated rotation amount is at a different horizontal axis position.

即ち、図3の点線で示す磨耗進行特性は、同一機種の減速機につき、所定の同一負荷状態で積算回転量の増加に対して鉄粉濃度を実測して作成されたものであるが、同一機種の減速機につき負荷を変更した場合、そのトルク又は慣性モーメントに応じて、この実測した標準の磨耗進行特性を基に下記の式(1)で磨耗進行特性が得られることが確認されている。
D=Ds×(τ×I)/(τs×Is)・・・・・・(1)
D:鉄粉濃度、τ:診断対象の減速機のトルク、Is:診断対象の減速機の慣性モーメント、Ds:標準の磨耗進行特性の鉄粉濃度、τs:標準の磨耗進行特性の減速機のトルク、Is:標準の磨耗進行特性の減速機の慣性モーメント
したがって、同一機種の減速機につき負荷を変更した場合、式(1)を基に作成された換算式を仕事量換算手段11に対して入力手段5で入力することにより、同一積算回転量に対する仕事量を変更することにより、同一保守レベル指示データを適用できる。
That is, the wear progress characteristic shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3 is created by actually measuring the iron powder concentration with respect to the increase in the accumulated rotation amount under the same load condition for the same type of speed reducer. When the load is changed for each type of reducer, it is confirmed that the wear progress characteristic can be obtained by the following formula (1) based on the measured standard wear progress characteristic according to the torque or the moment of inertia. .
D = Ds × (τ × I) / (τs × Is) (1)
D: Iron powder concentration, τ: Torque of the reduction gear to be diagnosed, Is: Moment of inertia of the reduction gear to be diagnosed, Ds: Iron powder concentration of the standard wear progress characteristic, τs: Reduction gear of the standard wear progress characteristic Torque, Is: Inertia moment of the reducer with standard wear progression characteristics Therefore, when the load is changed for the reducer of the same model, the conversion formula created based on the formula (1) is applied to the work conversion means 11 The same maintenance level instruction data can be applied by changing the work amount with respect to the same accumulated rotation amount by inputting with the input means 5.

保守レベル判断手段12は、各保守レベル指示データにつき3段階の仕事量範囲W1、仕事量範囲W2及び仕事量範囲W3を規定するデータを保持している。例えば、図3の保守レベル指示データについては、仕事量範囲W1は無駄になる可能性の高い計測作業を抑制するために、積算回転量で見て約1.05×10乃至1.3×10を、W2は磨耗が進行する範囲の約1.7×10まで、さらに進行するそれ以上の範囲をW3に設定される。 The maintenance level determination means 12 holds data defining a three-step work range W1, a work range W2, and a work range W3 for each maintenance level instruction data. For example, in the maintenance level instruction data of FIG. 3, the work amount range W1 is about 1.05 × 10 6 to 1.3 × in terms of the accumulated rotation amount in order to suppress measurement work that is likely to be wasted. 10 6 , W 2 is set to about 1.7 × 10 6 of the range in which wear proceeds, and W 3 is set to a further range in which the wear further proceeds.

ロボット動作の初期状態では鉄粉の発生量は多くなるが、グリスを数回交換した後は、ロボット動作時間に応じて標準的には点線の磨耗進行特性に従って鉄粉濃度は徐々に高くなる。したがって、この初期状態を経過した後で、保守レベルの指示が可能となり、仕事量範囲W1で入力された仕事量に対する計測した鉄粉濃度が保守レベル指示データ上の許容上限値を上廻ると、故障を事前に把握し得るように減速機に対する頻繁なグリス採取を指示する。その際、サンプリング量の300cc程度を補給すると共に、外部からメカガタを確認したり、触手による点検等を行う。さらに、この仕事量範囲W1で異常警告レベルデータを上廻ると、1レベル上の内部点検を指示する異常警告を指示する。ある程度磨耗が進行する仕事量範囲W2では、所属の保守レベル指示データ上の許容上限値を上廻ると、通常よりも早い減速機の磨耗進行部位を点検させるために、内部の点検指示を行う。この仕事量範囲W2で異常警告レベルデータを上廻ると、1レベル上の交換も視野に入れた点検を指示する異常警告を指示する。さらに磨耗が進行する仕事量範囲W3では、所属の保守レベル指示データ上の許容上限値を上廻ると、関連設備の停止を回避するために、減速機の交換を事前に促す交換指示を行う。   In the initial state of the robot operation, the generation amount of iron powder increases, but after the grease is replaced several times, the iron powder concentration gradually increases according to the wear progress characteristic of the dotted line in accordance with the robot operation time. Therefore, after this initial state has elapsed, the maintenance level can be instructed, and when the measured iron powder concentration for the work amount input in the work amount range W1 exceeds the allowable upper limit value on the maintenance level instruction data, Instruct the reducer to collect grease frequently so that failure can be detected in advance. At that time, about 300 cc of the sampling amount is replenished, mechanical backlash is confirmed from the outside, and inspection with a tentacle is performed. Further, when the abnormal warning level data is exceeded in this work amount range W1, an abnormal warning for instructing one level of internal inspection is instructed. In the work amount range W2 where the wear progresses to some extent, an internal inspection instruction is issued in order to check the wear progressing part of the reduction gear earlier than usual when the allowable upper limit value in the associated maintenance level instruction data is exceeded. If the abnormal warning level data is exceeded in this work amount range W2, an abnormal warning is instructed to inspect the inspection with a view to the replacement of one level. Further, in the work amount range W3 in which wear progresses, if the allowable upper limit value in the associated maintenance level instruction data is exceeded, an exchange instruction is made to promptly replace the speed reducer in order to avoid stopping the related equipment.

出力手段13は、パソコン1を利用の表示制御手段13aを備えることより、所定の表示形式のフォーマットを保持しておき、例えば図4に示すように、どのロボットのどの減速機のものであるかが分るように、診断日、機種等の参考データと共に診断結果をディスプレイ部2に出力表示する。   Since the output means 13 includes the display control means 13a using the personal computer 1, the output means 13 holds a format of a predetermined display format. For example, as shown in FIG. As a result, the diagnosis result is output and displayed on the display unit 2 together with the reference data such as the diagnosis date and model.

このように構成されたロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断装置の動作は次の通りである。減速機内蔵の複数台のロボットで構成される生産設備に対して、故障診断装置として構成されたパソコン1には、診断対象の各減速機の保守レベル指示データ及び異常警告レベルデータ並びに各ロボットの積算動作時間に対する各減速機の仕事量の換算式を予め格納しておく。これにより、複数回の頻繁なグリス交換を要する初期磨耗期間を経過した後で、減速機の故障の定期的な診断が開始される。   The operation of the failure diagnosis apparatus for the built-in robot reducer configured as described above is as follows. For a production facility composed of a plurality of robots with built-in reduction gears, the personal computer 1 configured as a failure diagnosis device includes maintenance level instruction data and abnormality warning level data for each reduction gear to be diagnosed and each robot. A conversion formula for the work amount of each reduction gear with respect to the accumulated operation time is stored in advance. As a result, periodic diagnosis of a reduction gear failure is started after an initial wear period that requires frequent grease replacement multiple times.

診断対象の減速機のグリスを仕事量範囲W1では、例えば18万回の積算回転量もしくは数ヶ月乃至6ヶ月ごとに所定量サンプリングして前述の鉄粉濃度計測器で鉄粉濃度を計測し、パソコン1に、その入力手段5で診断対象のロボット及びその減速機を指示すると共に、その時点までの積算されたロボット動作時間、検出した鉄粉濃度データ及び診断日を入力する。これにより、入力されたロボット動作時間に対する所属の減速機の仕事量パラメータが算出されることにより、その入力された鉄粉濃度データが、対応する所属の保守レベル指示データ或いは異常警告データで規定される鉄粉濃度の許容上限値と照合され、保守を要するか否かが判断される。   In the work range W1, the reduction gear grease to be diagnosed is sampled at a predetermined amount every 180,000 accumulated rotations or every several months to six months, for example, and the iron powder concentration meter measures the iron powder concentration, The personal computer 1 is instructed by the input means 5 of the robot to be diagnosed and its speed reducer, and the accumulated robot operation time up to that point, the detected iron powder concentration data, and the date of diagnosis are entered. As a result, the work speed parameter of the associated speed reducer for the input robot operation time is calculated, so that the input iron powder concentration data is defined by the corresponding maintenance level instruction data or abnormality warning data. It is compared with the allowable upper limit value of the iron powder concentration to determine whether maintenance is required.

相対的に磨耗の少ない仕事量範囲W1において、通常よりも磨耗が進行していると、頻繁なサンプリングを要することが、ディスプレイ部2の画面2a上に例えば前述の表形式で指示される。したがって、その頻繁なサンプリングで磨耗の進行度をより正確に把握することにより、外部からメカガタを確認したり、触手による点検等を行うと共に、その都度サンプリン分の補給を行う。より上の保守レベルを要する異常が生じている場合には、画面2a上で異常警告が行われ、早めの内部点検を行う。   When the wear is progressing more than usual in the work amount range W1 with relatively little wear, the fact that frequent sampling is required is instructed on the screen 2a of the display unit 2, for example, in the aforementioned table format. Therefore, by grasping the progress of wear more accurately by frequent sampling, the mechanical rattle is confirmed from the outside, the tentacles are inspected, and the sample is replenished each time. If an abnormality requiring a higher maintenance level has occurred, an abnormality warning is given on the screen 2a, and an early internal inspection is performed.

磨耗の進む仕事量範囲W2においては、例えばより短い周期の9万回の積算回転量ごとに所定量サンプリングして、通常よりも磨耗が進行していると内部点検が指示され、したがって6軸のサイクロ減速機については、外ピン、転動コロ 等の部品の異常な磨耗進行部位を点検する。既に交換を要する可能性がある場合には、異常警告が行われる。   In the work amount range W2 where wear progresses, for example, a predetermined amount is sampled for every 90,000 accumulated rotations with a shorter cycle, and if the wear is progressing more than usual, an internal inspection is instructed. For the cyclo reducer, check for abnormal wear progress in parts such as outer pins and rolling rollers. If there is a possibility that replacement is necessary, an abnormality warning is issued.

さらに交換を要する程度に磨耗する可能性のある磨耗進行領域の仕事量範囲W3において、9万回もしくはより短周期の積算回転量ごとにサンプリングして、通常よりも磨耗が進行していると交換が指示されると、関連設備の停止につながる重大故障を回避するために、異常発生部位を確認して交換もしくはその準備を行う。仕事量範囲W3において、保守レベルの指示が行われない場合、所定の積算回転量に達した時点で念のために交換を行うようにしても良い。   Furthermore, in the work range W3 of the wear progressing area that may be worn to the extent that replacement is required, it is sampled every 90,000 times or every shorter accumulated rotation amount, and replaced when wear is progressing more than usual. In order to avoid a serious failure that leads to the suspension of related equipment, the site where the abnormality occurred is confirmed and replaced or prepared. If the maintenance level is not instructed in the work amount range W3, the replacement may be performed just in case when a predetermined accumulated rotation amount is reached.

ロボットの負荷が変更になる場合、所属の減速機について、その動作時間に対する仕事量の換算式を入換えるだけで同様に保守レベルの監視が可能である。   When the load of the robot is changed, the maintenance level can be monitored in the same manner by simply replacing the conversion formula of the work amount with respect to the operation time of the reduction gear to which the robot belongs.

尚、前述の実施の形態に代えて、磨耗進行特性の横軸をモータの所定の負荷条件下での積算回転量自体で規定した場合、負荷を変更に対して、前述の式(1)による換算は不可能になるが、図1において、仕事量換算手段11を廃止して、保守レベル指示データ格納手段10にモータの積算回転量を横軸として仕事量に対応する保守レベル指示データを格納しておくことにより、保守レベル判断手段12において、入力された積算回転量自体に対して異常判断を行うことができる。例えば、前述の図3の特性は、図5に示すように変形される。併せて、無駄になるサンプリング作業を甘受するならば、前述の仕事量範囲W1の開始時点は、図示のように、診断開始時点に設定することもできる。さらに、図3の鉄粉濃度特性は、前述のように、サンプリングの都度所定量のグリスの入換を行うことを前提にした特性であるが、入換量を少なくする場合、或いは実際の計測に必要な量だけをサンプリングしてその量だけを補充する等場合、事前に確認すべき鉄粉濃度特性は相応に変化することになる。   In place of the above-described embodiment, when the horizontal axis of the wear progress characteristic is defined by the integrated rotation amount itself under a predetermined load condition of the motor, the load is changed according to the above-described equation (1). Although conversion is impossible, the work amount conversion means 11 is abolished in FIG. 1, and maintenance level instruction data corresponding to the work amount is stored in the maintenance level instruction data storage means 10 with the accumulated rotation amount of the motor as the horizontal axis. By doing so, the maintenance level judgment means 12 can make an abnormality judgment on the inputted cumulative rotation amount itself. For example, the characteristics shown in FIG. 3 are modified as shown in FIG. At the same time, if the sampling operation that is wasted is accepted, the start time point of the aforementioned work amount range W1 can be set to the diagnosis start time point as illustrated. Further, as described above, the iron powder concentration characteristics in FIG. 3 are characteristics based on the premise that a predetermined amount of grease is replaced every time sampling is performed, but when the amount of replacement is reduced or actual measurement is performed. For example, if only the amount necessary for sampling is sampled and only that amount is replenished, the iron powder concentration characteristics to be confirmed in advance will change accordingly.

また、仕事量範囲及び保守レベルを3段階に規定したが、仕事量範囲を2段階にして保守レベルを頻繁なサンプリングと、減速交換との2段階にして第1の仕事量範囲で外部点検の結果に応じて内部点検も視野に入れておきようにもできる。或いは、仕事量範囲を4段階にして第2の仕事量範囲で内部点検前段階として聴診器、触手等による外部から精密なガタ点検を指示する保守レベルを追加する等の別の実施の形態も考えられる。   Although the work range and maintenance level are defined in three stages, the work range is set to two stages, the maintenance level is set to two stages, frequent sampling and deceleration replacement, and external inspection is performed in the first work range. Depending on the results, internal inspections can also be taken into account. Or another embodiment such as adding a maintenance level instructing a precise backlash inspection from the outside by a stethoscope, a tentacle, etc. as a stage before the internal inspection in the second work volume range with 4 work ranges. Conceivable.

さらに本発明を発展させて、仕事量の増加に伴う鉄粉濃度の増加率を算出することにより、その結果と併せて保守レベルをより高精度に指示する診断方法も考えられる。   Further, by developing the present invention and calculating the rate of increase of the iron powder concentration accompanying the increase in the work amount, a diagnostic method for indicating the maintenance level with higher accuracy together with the result can be considered.

保守レベルの指示をより高信頼度下で行うために、本発明の鉄粉濃度に基づく判断結果に、過去の重大故障の履歴、ロボットの所期の作業に対する適応性、 、ロットの相違、可搬重量等考慮して、それぞれの保守要因にポイントを与え、本発明の鉄粉濃度計測に基づく複数の段階の保守レベルに対しても複数の段階のポイントを与えておき、その加算ポイントを基に総合的に保守レベルを決定する診断方法も考えられる。   In order to give instructions on the maintenance level with higher reliability, the judgment results based on the iron powder concentration of the present invention include the history of past serious failures, the adaptability to the intended work of the robot, Points are given to each maintenance factor in consideration of the load weight, etc., and points for multiple stages are also given to multiple levels of maintenance based on the iron powder concentration measurement of the present invention. In addition, a diagnosis method for comprehensively determining the maintenance level is also conceivable.

本発明の実施の形態による故障診断装置の構成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the structure of the failure diagnosis apparatus by embodiment of this invention. 同装置に付属の鉄粉濃度計測器の構成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the structure of the iron powder density | concentration measuring device attached to the apparatus. 同装置の判断動作に用いる磨耗進行特性、保守レベル指示データ及び異常警告レベルデータを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the wear progress characteristic used for judgment operation of the device, maintenance level directions data, and abnormal warning level data. 同装置の診断結果の表示形式を例示する図である。It is a figure which illustrates the display format of the diagnostic result of the apparatus. 同装置の変形例を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the modification of the apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 パソコン
2 ディスプレイ部
5 入力手段
20 グリスサンプリング用の試験管
21 励磁コイル
26 鉄粉濃度指示用の表示器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 PC 2 Display part 5 Input means 20 Test tube for grease sampling 21 Excitation coil 26 Indicator for indicating iron powder concentration

Claims (7)

ロボットに内蔵された減速機の磨耗の進行度に対応する保守作業の内容を充填されているグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度から判断するためのロボット内蔵の減速機の故障診断方法において、
減速機の所定の負荷状態でのモータの積算回転量に対応する仕事量と、磨耗に起因してグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度との関係を規定する磨耗進行特性を作成し、
増加する複数段階の仕事量範囲に対して前記減速機の交換に至る保守作業の内容を規定する複数段階の保守レベルを前記磨耗の進行度に応じて指示し得るように、前記磨耗進行特性を基に前記鉄粉濃度の許容値上限値をそれぞれ規定する保守レベル指示データを作成し、
定期的に前記グリスをサンプリングした時点の前記仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、前記許容上限値を上廻るか否かを判断することにより、所属の前記仕事量範囲の前記保守レベルを指示することを特徴とするロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法。
In the failure diagnosis method of the reducer built in the robot for judging the content of maintenance work corresponding to the progress of wear of the reducer built in the robot from the concentration of iron powder contained in the filled grease,
Create a wear progression characteristic that defines the relationship between the amount of work corresponding to the accumulated amount of rotation of the motor under a predetermined load of the reducer and the concentration of iron powder contained in the grease due to wear,
The wear progress characteristic is set such that a plurality of maintenance levels defining the content of maintenance work leading to the replacement of the speed reducer can be instructed according to the progress of the wear with respect to the increasing work load range of the plurality of stages. Create maintenance level instruction data that prescribes the upper limit value of the iron powder concentration allowable value based on each,
Instructing the maintenance level of the assigned work volume range by determining whether the iron powder concentration relative to the work volume at the time when the grease is periodically sampled exceeds the allowable upper limit value. A failure diagnosis method for a built-in robot reducer.
複数段階の仕事量範囲が3段階に規定されると共に、対応する3段階の保守レベルが、定期的よりも頻繁なグリスのサンプリングと、減速機の内部点検と、前記減速機の交換とであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法。   The multi-stage work range is defined in three stages, and the corresponding three-stage maintenance levels are more frequent grease sampling than regular, internal inspection of the reduction gear, and replacement of the reduction gear. The failure diagnosis method for a robot built-in speed reducer according to claim 1. 磨耗進行特性が、同種の減速機を実際の負荷状態で作動させた場合の積算回転量に対して計測された鉄粉濃度であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法。   3. The robot built-in according to claim 1, wherein the wear progress characteristic is an iron powder concentration measured with respect to an accumulated rotation amount when a reduction gear of the same kind is operated in an actual load state. Reducer failure diagnosis method. 同種の減速機を実際の負荷状態で作動させた場合の積算回転量に対する鉄粉濃度を標準の磨耗進行特性とすると共に、負荷を変更した場合の前記積算回転量に対する磨耗進行特性が、
D=Ds×(τ×I)/(τs×Is)、(D:鉄粉濃度、Ds:標準の磨耗進行特性の鉄粉濃度、τs:標準の前記磨耗進行特性の前記減速機モータのトルク、Is:標準の前記磨耗進行特性の前記減速機モータの慣性モーメント)を基に前記鉄粉濃度を算出して作成されることを特徴とする請求項3記載のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法。
The iron powder concentration with respect to the accumulated rotation amount when operating the same kind of speed reducer in an actual load state is a standard wear progression characteristic, and the wear progression characteristic with respect to the accumulated rotation amount when the load is changed,
D = Ds × (τ × I) / (τs × Is), (D: iron powder concentration, Ds: iron powder concentration of standard wear progress characteristics, τs: torque of the reduction gear motor of standard wear progress characteristics The failure diagnosis method for a built-in reduction gear of a robot according to claim 3, wherein the iron powder concentration is calculated based on Is: standard moment of inertia of the reduction gear motor of the wear progression characteristic). .
保守レベル指示データに対して所定量の鉄粉濃度を越えて上廻る異常警告レベルデータを作成し、サンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する前記鉄粉濃度が、異常警告レベルデータで規定される前記鉄粉濃度を上廻るか否かを判断して、所属の仕事量範囲において、より上レベルの保守レベルを指示する異常警告を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか記載のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断方法。   Abnormal warning level data exceeding a predetermined amount of iron powder concentration is created for the maintenance level instruction data, and the iron powder concentration relative to the work amount at the time of sampling is defined by the abnormal warning level data. The robot according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein it is determined whether or not the concentration is exceeded, and an abnormality warning is issued to instruct a higher maintenance level in a work range of belonging. Fault diagnosis method for the built-in reducer. ロボットに内蔵された減速機の磨耗の進行度に対応する保守作業の内容を充填されているグリスに含まれる鉄粉濃度から判断するためのロボット内蔵の減速機の故障診断装置であって、
増加する複数段階の仕事量範囲に対して前記減速機の交換に至る保守作業の内容を規定する複数段階の保守レベルを磨耗の進行度に応じて指示し得るように、診断対象の前記減速機の標準的な磨耗進行特性を基に鉄粉濃度の許容値上限値をそれぞれ規定する保守レベル指示データを複数個の前記減速機について格納する保守レベル指示データ格納手段と、診断対象の前記減速機について定期的にグリスをサンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する前記鉄粉濃度が、前記許容値上限値を上廻るか否かを判断することにより、所属の前記仕事量範囲の前記保守レベルを指示する保守レベル判断手段と、その判断結果を出力する出力手段と、前記保守レベル判断手段に対して、診断対象の前記減速機、前記仕事量を規定し得るファクタ及び前記鉄粉濃度を指示する入力手段とを備え、
磨耗進行特性が、前記減速機の所定の負荷状態でのモータの積算回転量に対応する仕事量と、磨耗に起因してグリスに含まれる前記鉄粉濃度との関係を規定することを特徴とするロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断装置。
A failure diagnosis device for a speed reducer built in the robot for judging the content of maintenance work corresponding to the progress of wear of the speed reducer built in the robot from the concentration of iron powder contained in the filled grease,
The speed reducer to be diagnosed can be instructed according to the progress of wear so as to indicate a plurality of stages of maintenance levels that define the content of maintenance work leading to replacement of the speed reducer with respect to an increasing work volume range. Maintenance level instruction data storage means for storing maintenance level instruction data for each of the plurality of reduction gears, each of which defines an allowable upper limit value of iron powder concentration based on the standard wear progress characteristics of the reduction gear, and the reduction gear to be diagnosed Maintenance that indicates the maintenance level of the work range to which it belongs by determining whether the iron powder concentration with respect to the work amount at the time when grease is periodically sampled exceeds the allowable upper limit value Level judgment means, output means for outputting the judgment result, and the maintenance level judgment means, the reduction gear to be diagnosed, the factor that can define the work amount, and the iron powder concentration And an input means for instructing,
The wear progress characteristic defines a relationship between a work amount corresponding to an accumulated rotation amount of the motor in a predetermined load state of the reduction gear and a concentration of the iron powder contained in the grease due to wear. Trouble diagnosis device for robot built-in reducer.
保守指示データ格納手段が、保守レベル指示データに対して所定量の鉄粉濃度を越えて上廻る異常警告レベルデータを格納すると共に、前記保守レベル判断手段は、サンプリングした時点の仕事量に対する鉄粉濃度が、異常警告レベルデータで規定される前記鉄粉濃度を上廻るか否かを判断して、所属の仕事量範囲において、より上レベルの保守レベルを指示する異常警告を行うことを特徴とする請求項6記載のロボット内蔵減速機の故障診断装置。   The maintenance instruction data storage means stores abnormal warning level data exceeding a predetermined amount of iron powder concentration with respect to the maintenance level instruction data, and the maintenance level determination means includes iron powder for the work amount at the time of sampling. It is determined whether or not the concentration exceeds the iron powder concentration specified by the abnormality warning level data, and an abnormality warning is given to indicate a higher maintenance level in the work volume range to which the member belongs. The failure diagnosis device for a reduction gear with a built-in robot according to claim 6.
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