JP2009210190A - Mixed combustion power generation system and method of lignin and coal - Google Patents

Mixed combustion power generation system and method of lignin and coal Download PDF

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JP2009210190A
JP2009210190A JP2008053617A JP2008053617A JP2009210190A JP 2009210190 A JP2009210190 A JP 2009210190A JP 2008053617 A JP2008053617 A JP 2008053617A JP 2008053617 A JP2008053617 A JP 2008053617A JP 2009210190 A JP2009210190 A JP 2009210190A
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lignin
evaporator
boiler
coal
aqueous solution
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JP5049825B2 (en
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Katsuya Yamashita
勝也 山下
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal with high efficiency, which utilizes boiler exhaust gas to condense and dry a diluted lignin solution and burn it in a boiler, and drives an evaporation turbine even with vapor from the lignin solution. <P>SOLUTION: The mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal comprises: a heater 3 for heating the diluted lignin solution 15; an evaporator 4 for condensing the diluted lignin solution 15 supplied from the heater; a dryer 12 for drying the condensed lignin solution 16 condensed by the evaporator; a boiler 1 to which mixture of the condensed lignin solution 16 supplied from the dryer 12 and coal is supplied; a superheater 5 for superheating the vapor supplied from the evaporator 4; and a turbine group 9 driven by the vapor from the superheater 5 and boiler 1. The exhaust gas of the boiler is used as heat sources of the heater 3, the evaporator 4, the dryer 12, and the superheater 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明はバイオマス燃料を用いた発電システム及びその方法に関し、特に、バイオマスからエタノールを製造する際に排出されるリグニンを用いたリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム及びその方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a power generation system using biomass fuel and a method thereof, and more particularly, to a mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal using lignin discharged when ethanol is produced from biomass and a method thereof.

木質系や草木系のバイオマスは、セルロース、ヘミセルロースとリグニンとが混在して結合されている。この三つの成分の内、セルロースは工業的に広く利用されており、その代表的なものがパルプ製造である。パルプ製造工程では、ヘミセルロースとリグニンを苛性ソーダや硫化ソーダを加えた水溶液に溶出させる。この水溶液は機械的に濃縮してボイラー内で燃焼するか、薬液処理等を行い処分している。ただし燃焼させる場合は大量のＳoxが排出されるので、脱硫装置が必要になる。   Woody and vegetative biomass is bound by a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Among these three components, cellulose is widely used industrially, and a representative one is pulp production. In the pulp manufacturing process, hemicellulose and lignin are eluted in an aqueous solution containing caustic soda or sodium sulfide. This aqueous solution is mechanically concentrated and burned in a boiler, or disposed of by chemical treatment or the like. However, when burning, a large amount of Sox is discharged, so a desulfurization device is required.

近年、このバイオマス中のセルロースとヘミセルロースは、ガソリンの代替燃料として期待されているエタノールに変えることができるため、各種のバイオマスからのエタノール製造プロセスが検討されている。このとき水溶性のリグニンは水に溶かして排出されてくる。   In recent years, cellulose and hemicellulose in this biomass can be changed to ethanol, which is expected as an alternative fuel for gasoline, and therefore, an ethanol production process from various biomasses has been studied. At this time, water-soluble lignin is dissolved in water and discharged.

バイオマスからエタノールを製造する方法には、大きく分けて二つあり、一つは希硫酸法・亜硫酸法等の薬液により三つの成分を分解する方法で、製紙工場では古くから使われている。   There are roughly two methods for producing ethanol from biomass, and one is a method in which three components are decomposed by a chemical solution such as dilute sulfuric acid method or sulfurous acid method, which has been used in paper mills for a long time.

もう一つはバイオマスを高温高圧で加水分解させ、リグニンだけを水に溶解させる方法である。このときのリグニン水溶液を燃焼させてもＳox が出てこないので安全である。   The other is a method in which biomass is hydrolyzed at high temperature and pressure, and only lignin is dissolved in water. Even if the lignin aqueous solution at this time is burned, it is safe because Sox does not come out.

このリグニン自体は乾燥させると５５００〜６５００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇの発熱量を有するので、石炭のクラスで言えば瀝青炭に匹敵する。しかしながら、排出されてくるリグニン水溶液は７０〜９０％程度が水分なので、これを燃焼させても水溶液中の水分を蒸発させるだけである。したがって、ボイラー等で燃焼させるには水溶液中のリグニン濃度を６０％以上に高める必要がある。   Since this lignin itself has a calorific value of 5500-6500 kcal / kg when dried, it is comparable to bituminous coal in the coal class. However, since the discharged lignin aqueous solution is about 70 to 90% of moisture, even if it is burned, it only evaporates the water in the aqueous solution. Therefore, in order to burn with a boiler or the like, it is necessary to increase the lignin concentration in the aqueous solution to 60% or more.

このため、このリグニン水溶液を事前に濃縮して、その濃縮液をボイラーに噴出して燃焼させる技術が開発され、実用化されており、その濃縮法として、加熱と減圧フラッシュと凝縮を複数段（複数圧力）繰り返す多段蒸発システムが用いられている（特許文献１及び２）。
特許第３０４０７８５号公報 特公平７−２３５９４号公報 For this reason, a technology for concentrating this aqueous lignin solution in advance and ejecting the concentrated liquid into a boiler and burning it has been developed and put into practical use. Multi-stage evaporation systems that repeat multiple pressures are used (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Japanese Patent No. 3040785 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-23594

上述したように、バイオマスからエタノールを製造するプロセスで排出されるリグニン水溶液を濃縮し、濃縮したリグニンをボイラー等で燃焼させるシステムが提案されているが、このような従来のシステムでは、リグニン水分中の水分を蒸発させるエネルギー量に比して、濃縮したリグニンをボイラーで燃焼させることにより発生するエネルギーは少なく、全体として熱効率が悪いものとなっていた。   As described above, a system for concentrating the aqueous lignin discharged in the process of producing ethanol from biomass and combusting the concentrated lignin in a boiler or the like has been proposed. In such a conventional system, Compared with the amount of energy for evaporating the water, less energy is generated by burning the concentrated lignin in the boiler, and the overall thermal efficiency is poor.

また、従来のシステムでは、リグニン水溶液の濃縮過程で発生した蒸気は、他の蒸発器や加熱器の熱源として使用されるだけで、リグニンが有する発熱量を有効に活用するものではなかった。   Further, in the conventional system, the steam generated during the concentration process of the lignin aqueous solution is only used as a heat source for other evaporators and heaters, and does not effectively utilize the calorific value of lignin.

本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたもので、リグニン水溶液から蒸発させる蒸気をなるべく高圧・高温にするとともに、その流量を増やすことで、蒸気タービンを駆動し、電気エネルギー等に変換するとともに、ボイラーに投入するリグニン内の水分を減らして、ボイラーで利用できるエネルギーを増大させる高効率のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム及びその方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. The steam evaporated from the lignin aqueous solution is set to a high pressure and a high temperature as much as possible, and the flow rate is increased to drive the steam turbine to generate electric energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient lignin and coal mixed combustion power generation system and method for converting and reducing the moisture in the lignin charged into the boiler to increase the energy available to the boiler.

本発明に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システムは、上記課題を解決するために、希釈リグニン水溶液を加熱する加熱器と、前記加熱器から供給された希釈リグニン水溶液を濃縮する蒸発器と、前記蒸発器で濃縮された濃縮リグニン水溶液を乾燥する乾燥機と、前記乾燥機から供給された濃縮リグニン水溶液と石炭との混合物が供給されるボイラーと、前記蒸発器から供給された蒸気を過熱する過熱器と、前記過熱器及び前記ボイラーからの蒸気によって駆動されるタービン群と、を備えたリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システムであって、前記加熱器、蒸発器、乾燥機及び過熱器の熱源として前記ボイラーの排ガスを用いることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, a mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to the present invention includes a heater for heating a diluted lignin aqueous solution, an evaporator for concentrating the diluted lignin aqueous solution supplied from the heater, A dryer for drying the concentrated lignin aqueous solution concentrated in the evaporator, a boiler to which a mixture of the concentrated lignin aqueous solution and coal supplied from the dryer is supplied, and superheat to superheat the steam supplied from the evaporator A lignin and coal mixed combustion power generation system comprising a heater, and a turbine group driven by steam from the superheater and the boiler, as a heat source for the heater, evaporator, dryer and superheater The boiler exhaust gas is used.

また、本発明に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電方法は、希釈リグニン水溶液を加熱するステップと、加熱された前記希釈リグニン水溶液を蒸発器により濃縮するステップと、前記蒸発器で濃縮された濃縮リグニン水溶液を乾燥するステップと、前記蒸発器から排出された蒸気を過熱器で過熱するステップと、前記各ステップの熱源としてボイラーの排ガスを用いるステップと、前記乾燥された濃縮リグニン水溶液と石炭との混合物をボイラーで燃焼するステップと、前記過熱器及び前記ボイラーからの蒸気によってタービン群を駆動するステップと、を有することを特徴とする。   The mixed lignin-coal power generation method according to the present invention includes a step of heating a diluted lignin aqueous solution, a step of concentrating the heated diluted lignin aqueous solution by an evaporator, and a concentrated lignin concentrated by the evaporator. A step of drying the aqueous solution, a step of superheating the steam discharged from the evaporator with a superheater, a step of using an exhaust gas of a boiler as a heat source of each step, and a mixture of the dried concentrated lignin aqueous solution and coal And a step of driving a turbine group by steam from the superheater and the boiler.

本発明のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム及びその方法によれば、排ガス及びリグニンが有しているエネルギーを効率良く電気出力として回収することができるので、全体として高効率のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム及びその方法を提供することができる。   According to the mixed combustion power generation system and method of lignin and coal of the present invention, the energy of the exhaust gas and lignin can be efficiently recovered as electric output, so that the highly efficient mixture of lignin and coal as a whole. A combustion power generation system and method thereof can be provided.

以下、本発明に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電装置及びその方法の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。   Embodiments of a lignin and coal mixed combustion power generation apparatus and method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

（第１の実施形態）
図１を用いて、本発明の第１の実施形態に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電装置を説明する。 (First embodiment)
A mixed combustion power generation apparatus of lignin and coal according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

本第１の実施形態に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電装置は、１０〜３０％濃度のリグニン水溶液１５（以下、「希釈リグニン水溶液」という。）を貯留するタンク２、希釈リグニン水溶液１５を加熱する加熱器３、加熱された希釈リグニン水溶液１５を濃縮する蒸発器４、蒸発器４で生成した蒸気を過熱する過熱器５、蒸発器４で濃縮されたリグニン水溶液又は別途供給された石炭を燃焼させるボイラー１、前記過熱器５から供給される過熱蒸気により駆動されるタービン９ａ、ボイラー１から供給される蒸気により駆動されるタービン９ｂ、タービン９ａ及び９ｂからなるタービン群９、蒸発器４で濃縮されたリグニン水溶液の少なくとも一部を乾燥させる乾燥機１２、ボイラー１の排ガス１１から灰分を集塵する電気集塵器１３、加熱器３からの排ガス１１中の水分を凝縮させる補助凝縮器１４、ボイラー１の排ガス１１を熱源として過熱器５等に供給する配管２０、から構成される。   The mixed combustion power generation apparatus of lignin and coal according to the first embodiment heats the tank 2 storing a 10-30% lignin aqueous solution 15 (hereinafter referred to as “diluted lignin aqueous solution”) and the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15. The heater 3 for heating, the evaporator 4 for concentrating the heated diluted lignin aqueous solution 15, the superheater 5 for superheating the steam generated by the evaporator 4, the lignin aqueous solution concentrated by the evaporator 4 or coal supplied separately is burned The boiler 9 to be driven, the turbine 9 a driven by the superheated steam supplied from the superheater 5, the turbine 9 b driven by the steam supplied from the boiler 1, the turbine group 9 including the turbines 9 a and 9 b, and the evaporator 4 to concentrate. A dryer 12 for drying at least a part of the lignin aqueous solution, an electric dust collector 13 for collecting ash from the exhaust gas 11 of the boiler 1, Vessel 3 auxiliary condenser 14 for condensing the moisture in the exhaust gas 11 from, and the exhaust gas 11 of the boiler 1 from the pipe 20, and supplies the superheater 5 and the like as a heat source.

なお、本第１の実施形態では蒸発器４として流化液膜式蒸発器が用いられているが、他の方式の蒸発器を用いることができることはもちろんである。   In the first embodiment, a fluidized liquid film evaporator is used as the evaporator 4, but it is needless to say that other types of evaporators can be used.

ところで、上述したように、バイオマスからのエタノールを製造するプロセスにおいて、リグニンをセルロース、ヘミセルロースから分離する際に硫化ソーダ等の薬品を使用しなければ、リグニン水溶液をボイラー1で燃焼させてもなんら環境面の問題はない。しかしながら、約１０〜３０％濃度の希釈リグニン水溶液１５はボイラーで燃焼させることはできず、また、５０％程度に濃縮させても発熱量は小さい一方、濃縮に要するエネルギー量は多い。したがって、リグニン水溶液の濃度を約６０％以上にする必要がある。   By the way, as described above, in the process of producing ethanol from biomass, if a chemical such as sodium sulfide is not used when separating lignin from cellulose and hemicellulose, it is not necessary to burn the aqueous lignin solution in the boiler 1. There is no problem with the surface. However, the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 having a concentration of about 10 to 30% cannot be combusted with a boiler. Even if it is concentrated to about 50%, the calorific value is small, but the amount of energy required for the concentration is large. Therefore, the concentration of the lignin aqueous solution needs to be about 60% or more.

そこで、本第１の実施形態では、図１に示すように、ボイラー１下流部の排ガス１１を用いて、稀釈リグニン水溶液１５を濃縮させる。すなわち、排ガス１１を、配管２０をとおして、まず、蒸発器４で濃縮させるときに生成される蒸気を過熱する過熱器５に供給し、次に温度降下した排ガス１１で稀釈リグニン水溶液を蒸発器４で濃縮させ、蒸気を発生させる。   Therefore, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 is concentrated using the exhaust gas 11 downstream of the boiler 1. That is, the exhaust gas 11 is first supplied through the pipe 20 to the superheater 5 that superheats the steam generated when it is concentrated in the evaporator 4, and then the diluted lignin aqueous solution is evaporated with the exhaust gas 11 that has fallen in temperature. Concentrate at 4 to generate steam.

この時の蒸発温度は、リグニンの熱分解開始温度である２８０〜３３０℃未満の飽和温度になる圧力、約６０〜８０ataで蒸発させる。そのため稀釈リグニン水溶液１５をポンプ６で８０ata以上に昇圧する。   The evaporation temperature at this time is evaporated at a pressure at which the saturation temperature is less than 280 to 330 ° C., which is the thermal decomposition starting temperature of lignin, at about 60 to 80 ata. Therefore, the pressure of the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 is increased to 80 ata or higher by the pump 6.

蒸発器４を出た排ガス１１は、加熱器３に供給され、稀釈リグニン水溶液１５を蒸発器４の蒸発温度未満まで加熱する一方、排ガス１１自体は減温される。そして、リグニン水溶液加熱器３を出た排ガス１１は、補助凝縮器１４で排ガス１１中の水分が凝縮させた後に、通風機１７により、配管２１をとおしてボイラーの排ガス１１から灰分を集塵する電気集塵器１３の前段に戻される。   The exhaust gas 11 exiting the evaporator 4 is supplied to the heater 3 to heat the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 to a temperature lower than the evaporation temperature of the evaporator 4, while the exhaust gas 11 itself is reduced in temperature. The exhaust gas 11 exiting from the lignin aqueous solution heater 3 collects ash from the exhaust gas 11 of the boiler through the pipe 21 by the ventilator 17 after the water in the exhaust gas 11 is condensed by the auxiliary condenser 14. It returns to the front stage of the electric dust collector 13.

これにより灰分が少なく、乾燥した排ガス１１を電気集塵器１３に戻すことができるので、水分増大による集塵効率の低下と総排ガス１１中の灰分減少により集塵負荷を低減することができる。   Thereby, since the ash content is small and the dried exhaust gas 11 can be returned to the electric dust collector 13, the dust collection load can be reduced by the decrease in the dust collection efficiency due to the increase in moisture and the decrease in the ash content in the total exhaust gas 11.

一方、稀釈リグニン水溶液１５は、加熱器３で、蒸発器４での蒸発温度、すなわち、リグニンの熱分解開始温度である２８０〜３３０℃未満の飽和温度近くまで加熱され、蒸発器での負荷を減らすとともに、流下液膜式蒸発器４の熱伝達性能を高めに設定できる。   On the other hand, the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 is heated by the heater 3 to near the evaporation temperature in the evaporator 4, that is, the saturation temperature below 280 to 330 ° C. that is the thermal decomposition start temperature of lignin, and the load on the evaporator is reduced. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the falling film evaporator 4 can be set higher.

蒸発器４で生成した蒸気は過熱器５で過熱蒸気となり、専用の蒸気タービン９ａ又は石炭ボイラーの蒸気で駆動するタービン９ｂのいずれかの適した圧力条件の位置に抽入され、電気出力させる。これによりリグニン水溶液の濃縮に使用したエネルギーの一部は電力として回収できる。   The steam generated in the evaporator 4 becomes superheated steam in the superheater 5 and is drawn into an appropriate pressure condition position of either the dedicated steam turbine 9a or the turbine 9b driven by the steam of the coal boiler, and is electrically output. Thereby, a part of energy used for concentration of the lignin aqueous solution can be recovered as electric power.

希釈リグニン水溶液１５は蒸発器４で濃縮されて濃縮リグニン水溶液１６となり、この濃縮リグニン水溶液１６は、さらに水分を減少させるために、減圧弁１８で圧力を大気圧付近まで減圧し、水分の一部を蒸発させ、蒸気放出弁（図示せず）から抽気させた後に、キルン型等の乾燥機１２に投入し乾燥させ、石炭供給ライン８に混合する。   The diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 is concentrated in the evaporator 4 to become a concentrated lignin aqueous solution 16, and this concentrated lignin aqueous solution 16 is further reduced in pressure to near atmospheric pressure by a pressure reducing valve 18 in order to further reduce water, and a part of the water After being evaporated and extracted from a steam release valve (not shown), it is put into a kiln-type dryer 12 and dried, and mixed in the coal supply line 8.

乾燥機１２には、加熱・乾燥キャリアガスとして、ボイラー１の排ガス１１の一部を分岐して使用する。そして、乾燥機１２の負荷に応じて、過熱器５の前段排ガス１１と蒸発器４の前段排ガス１１を利用する。   In the dryer 12, a part of the exhaust gas 11 of the boiler 1 is branched and used as a heating / drying carrier gas. And according to the load of the dryer 12, the upstream exhaust gas 11 of the superheater 5 and the upstream exhaust gas 11 of the evaporator 4 are utilized.

乾燥機１２を出た排ガス１１は、配管２３をとおしてリグニン水溶液加熱器３に供給される排ガス１１に混合される。これにより乾燥機１２にて乾燥に利用したエネルギーの残りは、リグニン水溶液加熱器３の熱源として回収され、最終的には蒸気タービン９又は９ａでの出力増大に繋がり、電力として回収したことになる。   The exhaust gas 11 exiting the dryer 12 is mixed with the exhaust gas 11 supplied to the lignin aqueous solution heater 3 through the pipe 23. As a result, the remainder of the energy used for drying in the dryer 12 is recovered as a heat source of the lignin aqueous solution heater 3, eventually leading to an increase in output in the steam turbine 9 or 9 a and recovered as electric power. .

また、乾燥機１２を用いずに、あるいは乾燥機１２と併用して、濃縮リグニン水溶液１６を、蒸発器４とボイラー１の間に設けられた配管２２をとおして、減圧弁１８で減圧したのち直接ボイラー１に投入燃焼させることも可能である。これは特にボイラー下段の排ガス１１のエネルギー量が少ない場合に有効である。   Further, without using the dryer 12 or in combination with the dryer 12, the concentrated lignin aqueous solution 16 is decompressed by the pressure reducing valve 18 through the pipe 22 provided between the evaporator 4 and the boiler 1. It is also possible to directly charge the boiler 1 for combustion. This is particularly effective when the amount of energy of the exhaust gas 11 at the lower stage of the boiler is small.

以上のように、本第１の実施形態に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システムによれば、加熱源としてボイラー下流部の排ガスを利用して、稀釈リグニン水溶液を濃縮・乾燥しボイラーで燃焼させるとともに、リグニン水溶液からの蒸気を高圧・高温・高流量にして蒸気タービンを駆動し、電気エネルギー等に変換することにより、排ガス及びリグニンが有しているエネルギーを効率良く電気出力として回収することができるので、全体として高効率の発電システムを提供することが可能となる。   As described above, according to the mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to the first embodiment, the diluted lignin aqueous solution is concentrated and dried using the exhaust gas in the downstream portion of the boiler as a heating source and burned in the boiler. At the same time, the steam from the lignin aqueous solution is driven to high pressure, high temperature, and high flow rate to drive the steam turbine and convert it into electrical energy, etc., so that the exhaust gas and lignin energy can be efficiently recovered as electrical output. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly efficient power generation system as a whole.

（第２の実施形態）
本発明の第２の実施形態に係る発明は、蒸発器４として用いられる流下液膜式蒸発器４Ａに関する。 (Second Embodiment)
The invention according to the second embodiment of the present invention relates to a falling film evaporator 4A used as the evaporator 4.

図２は、本第２の実施形態に係る流下液膜式蒸発器４Ａの概要図であり、比容積の大きい排ガス１１は、排ガス入口４ａをとおして蒸発器４Ａに入り、蒸発器流路抵抗を少なくするために蒸発器４Ａに複数配設され、管板４ｎで仕切られた空間に配置された伝熱管４ｍの管外を流れ、管内を流れる希釈リグニン水溶液１５を加熱した後、排ガス出口４ｂから排出される。   FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a falling film evaporator 4A according to the second embodiment. Exhaust gas 11 having a large specific volume enters the evaporator 4A through the exhaust gas inlet 4a, and the evaporator channel resistance. In order to reduce the flow rate, a plurality of evaporators 4A are arranged and flow outside the heat transfer tubes 4m arranged in the space partitioned by the tube plate 4n. After heating the diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 flowing inside the tubes, the exhaust gas outlet 4b Discharged from.

リグニン水溶液加熱器３から供給された稀釈リグニン水溶液１５は、稀釈リグニン水溶液入口４ｅから蒸発器４に入り、稀釈リグニン水溶液分配部４ｈに一時貯留され、伝熱管４ｍに設置された稀釈リグニン水溶液供給孔４ｌから伝熱管４ｍの管内に供給され、その一部が蒸発する。一部蒸発した濃縮リグニン水溶液１６は下部のヘッダーに貯留され、その後、濃縮リグニン水溶液出口４ｄから排出される。   The diluted lignin aqueous solution 15 supplied from the lignin aqueous solution heater 3 enters the evaporator 4 from the diluted lignin aqueous solution inlet 4e, is temporarily stored in the diluted lignin aqueous solution distributor 4h, and is installed in the heat transfer tube 4m. 4l is supplied into the heat transfer tube 4m, and a part thereof evaporates. The partially evaporated concentrated lignin aqueous solution 16 is stored in the lower header, and then discharged from the concentrated lignin aqueous solution outlet 4d.

排ガス１１で加熱される伝熱管４ｍ内で固形リグニンが付着する可能性があるので、伝熱管内を洗浄するためのボール状のスポンジ４ｊを、間欠的に洗浄ボール循環ポンプ７で循環させる。そのために、稀釈リグニン水溶液分配部４ｈに、洗浄ボール分配金網４ｉを伝熱管４ｍの上端部に配置し、また、洗浄ボール捕獲金網４ｋを下部ヘッダーに斜めに設置する。   Since solid lignin may adhere in the heat transfer tube 4m heated by the exhaust gas 11, the ball-shaped sponge 4j for cleaning the heat transfer tube is intermittently circulated by the cleaning ball circulation pump 7. For this purpose, the cleaning ball distribution wire mesh 4i is disposed at the upper end of the heat transfer tube 4m in the diluted lignin aqueous solution distribution portion 4h, and the cleaning ball capture wire mesh 4k is obliquely installed on the lower header.

このような構成の流下液膜式蒸発器４Ａを用いることにより、リグニン水溶液が伝熱管内で詰ることなく高効率に蒸発することができ、濃縮率が高く蒸気発生量の多い蒸発器を提供できる。   By using the falling film membrane evaporator 4A having such a configuration, the lignin aqueous solution can be evaporated with high efficiency without clogging in the heat transfer tube, and an evaporator having a high concentration rate and a large amount of generated steam can be provided. .

この第２の実施形態に係る発明によれば、洗浄ボールが伝熱管内を循環洗浄することにより、リグニン水溶液が伝熱管内で詰ることなく高効率に蒸発することができるので、リグニン水溶液の濃縮・乾燥をさらに効率良く行うことができるとともに、排ガス及びリグニンが有しているエネルギーを効率良く電気出力として回収することができる。   According to the invention according to the second embodiment, the cleaning ball circulates and cleans the inside of the heat transfer tube, so that the lignin aqueous solution can be evaporated efficiently without clogging in the heat transfer tube. -Drying can be performed more efficiently, and the energy of exhaust gas and lignin can be efficiently recovered as electrical output.

本発明の第１の実施形態に係るリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システムの全体構成図。1 is an overall configuration diagram of a mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態に係る流下液膜式蒸発器の構成図。The block diagram of the falling liquid film type evaporator which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…ボイラー、２…リグニン水溶液タンク、３…加熱器、４…蒸発器、４Ａ…流下液膜式蒸発器、４ａ…排ガス入口、４ｂ…排ガス出口、４ｃ…蒸気出口、４ｄ…濃縮リグニン水溶液出口、４ｅ…稀釈リグニン水溶液入口、４f…洗浄ボール出口、４ｇ…洗浄ボール入口、４ｈ…稀釈リグニン水溶液分配部、４ｉ…洗浄ボール分配金網、４ｊ…洗浄ボール、４ｋ…洗浄ボール捕獲金網、４ｌ…稀釈リグニン水溶液供給孔、４ｍ…伝熱管、４ｎ…管板、５…過熱器、６…ポンプ、７…洗浄ボール循環ポンプ、８…石炭供給管、９…蒸気タービン群、９ａ…蒸気タービン、９ｂ…蒸気タービン、１０…復水器、１１…排ガス、１２…乾燥機、１３…電気集塵装置、１４…補助凝縮器、１５…稀釈リグニン水溶液、１６…濃縮リグニン水溶液、１７…通風機、１８…減圧弁、２０，２１，２２，２３…排ガス配管。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Boiler, 2 ... Lignin aqueous solution tank, 3 ... Heater, 4 ... Evaporator, 4A ... Falling liquid film type evaporator, 4a ... Exhaust gas inlet, 4b ... Exhaust gas outlet, 4c ... Steam outlet, 4d ... Concentrated lignin aqueous solution outlet 4e: Dilute lignin aqueous solution inlet, 4f: Cleaning ball outlet, 4g: Cleaning ball inlet, 4h: Dilute lignin aqueous solution distribution part, 4i ... Cleaning ball distribution wire mesh, 4j ... Cleaning ball, 4k ... Cleaning ball catching wire mesh, 4l ... Dilution Lignin aqueous solution supply hole, 4m ... heat transfer tube, 4n ... tube plate, 5 ... superheater, 6 ... pump, 7 ... cleaning ball circulation pump, 8 ... coal supply pipe, 9 ... steam turbine group, 9a ... steam turbine, 9b ... Steam turbine, 10 ... condenser, 11 ... exhaust gas, 12 ... dryer, 13 ... electrostatic precipitator, 14 ... auxiliary condenser, 15 ... diluted lignin aqueous solution, 16 ... concentrated lignin aqueous solution, 17 ... Ventilator, 18 ... pressure reducing valve, 20, 21, 22, 23 ... exhaust gas piping.

Claims (7)

希釈リグニン水溶液を加熱する加熱器と、前記加熱器から供給された希釈リグニン水溶液を濃縮する蒸発器と、前記蒸発器で濃縮された濃縮リグニン水溶液および別途供給される石炭を燃焼させるボイラーと、前記蒸発器から供給された蒸気を過熱する過熱器と、前記過熱器及び前記ボイラーからの蒸気によって駆動されるタービン群と、を備えたリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システムであって、前記加熱器、蒸発器、乾燥器及び過熱器の熱源として前記ボイラーの排ガスを用いることを特徴とするリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   A heater for heating the diluted lignin aqueous solution, an evaporator for concentrating the diluted lignin aqueous solution supplied from the heater, a boiler for burning the concentrated lignin aqueous solution concentrated in the evaporator and coal supplied separately, and A lignin and coal mixed combustion power generation system comprising: a superheater that superheats steam supplied from an evaporator; and a turbine group driven by steam from the superheater and the boiler, the heater, A mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal using exhaust gas from the boiler as a heat source for an evaporator, a dryer and a superheater. 前記蒸発器の蒸発温度をリグニンの熱分解開始温度以下とすることを特徴とする請求項１記載のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   The mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation temperature of the evaporator is set to be equal to or lower than a thermal decomposition start temperature of lignin. 前記ボイラーの排ガスを熱源とする乾燥機を更に備え、前記蒸発器で濃縮された濃縮リグニン水溶液の少なくとも一部を前記乾燥機で乾燥した後、前記石炭と混合して前記ボイラーに供給し燃焼させることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   The apparatus further comprises a dryer that uses the exhaust gas from the boiler as a heat source, and at least a part of the concentrated lignin aqueous solution concentrated by the evaporator is dried by the dryer, and then mixed with the coal and supplied to the boiler for combustion. The mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to claim 1 or 2. 前記過熱器、蒸発器及び加熱器に供給された排ガスを、補助凝縮器をとおして前記ボイラーの下流に設けられた電気集塵装置の前段に戻すことを特徴とする請求項１乃至３いずれか１項に記載のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   The exhaust gas supplied to the superheater, the evaporator, and the heater is returned to the front stage of the electrostatic precipitator provided downstream of the boiler through an auxiliary condenser. A mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to item 1. 前記蒸発器は流下液膜式蒸発器であることを特徴とする請求項１乃５いずれか１項に記載のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   6. The mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to claim 1, wherein the evaporator is a falling liquid film evaporator. 前記流下液膜蒸発器の伝熱管内に洗浄ボールを循環させることを特徴とする請求項６記載のリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電システム。   The mixed combustion power generation system of lignin and coal according to claim 6, wherein the cleaning ball is circulated in the heat transfer tube of the falling liquid film evaporator. 希釈リグニン水溶液を加熱するステップと、加熱された前記希釈リグニン水溶液を蒸発器により濃縮するステップと、前記蒸発器から排出された蒸気を過熱器で過熱するステップと、前記各ステップの熱源としてボイラーの排ガスを用いるステップと、前記濃縮された濃縮リグニン水溶液と石炭との混合物をボイラーで燃焼するステップと、前記過熱器及び前記ボイラーからの蒸気によってタービン群を駆動するステップと、を有することを特徴とするリグニンと石炭の混合燃焼発電方法。   A step of heating the diluted lignin aqueous solution, a step of concentrating the heated diluted lignin aqueous solution by an evaporator, a step of superheating steam discharged from the evaporator by a superheater, and a boiler as a heat source of each step A step of using exhaust gas, a step of burning a mixture of the concentrated concentrated lignin aqueous solution and coal in a boiler, and a step of driving a turbine group by steam from the superheater and the boiler, Lignin and coal mixed combustion power generation method.
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