JP2009166195A - Surface-coated cutting tool with hard coating layer for exhibiting excellent chipping resistance and abrasion resistance by high-speed intermittent cutting work - Google Patents
Surface-coated cutting tool with hard coating layer for exhibiting excellent chipping resistance and abrasion resistance by high-speed intermittent cutting work Download PDFInfo
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この発明は、特に鋼や鋳鉄などの、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工で、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を発揮する表面被覆背削工具(以下、被覆工具という)に関するものである。 This invention exhibits high chipping resistance and wear resistance with a hard coating layer, especially in high-speed interrupted cutting with high heat generation and impact load on the cutting edge, especially for steel and cast iron. The present invention relates to a surface-coated back cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool).
従来、炭化タングステン(以下、WCで示す)基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン(以下、TiCNで示す)基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に、
(a)下部層として、化学蒸着形成されたTiN層、TiCN層からなり、0.1〜1μmの平均層厚を有する第1密着層と、化学蒸着形成され、Zr含有量が0.3〜50質量%であり、かつ2.5〜15μmの平均層厚を有するTiとZrの炭窒化物(以下、従来TiZrCNで示す)層、
(b)中間層として、TiCO層、TiCNO層からなり、0.1〜1μmの平均層厚を有する第2密着層、
(c)上部層として、化学蒸着形成されたAl2O3層からなり、かつ1〜15μmの平均層厚を有する高温硬質層、
以上(a)〜(c)で構成された硬質被覆層を形成してなる被覆工具(以下、従来被覆工具という)が知られており、この被覆工具が、例えば各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの連続切削加工で、すぐれた膜密着性と耐摩耗性を有することが知られている。
(A) As a lower layer, a TiN layer formed by chemical vapor deposition, a TiCN layer, a first adhesion layer having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm, and chemical vapor deposition formed, and a Zr content of 0.3 to Ti and Zr carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as conventional TiZrCN) layer having an average layer thickness of 50 to 15% by mass and 2.5 to 15 μm,
(B) a second adhesion layer composed of a TiCO layer and a TiCNO layer as an intermediate layer and having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm;
(C) As a top layer, a high-temperature hard layer comprising an Al 2 O 3 layer formed by chemical vapor deposition and having an average layer thickness of 1 to 15 μm,
A coated tool (hereinafter referred to as a conventional coated tool) formed by forming a hard coating layer composed of the above (a) to (c) is known, and this coated tool is a continuous material such as various steels and cast irons. It is known that it has excellent film adhesion and wear resistance in cutting.
近年の切削加工装置の高性能化はめざましく、一方で切削加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、切削加工は一段と高速化の傾向にあるが、上記の従来被覆工具においては、被覆工具の下部層は所定の高温強度、また、同上部層は所定の高温硬さおよび耐熱性を具備することから、これを通常の切削加工条件で用いた場合には特段の問題は生じないが、特にこれを、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工に用いた場合には、従来被覆工具の下部層を構成する従来TiZrCN層の高温強度、耐熱性が不十分となるため、チッピング(微小欠け)、熱塑性変形、偏摩耗等を発生し易くなり、これらを原因として比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。 In recent years, the performance of cutting devices has been dramatically improved, while on the other hand, there are strong demands for labor saving and energy saving and further cost reduction for cutting, and along with this, cutting has been on the trend of higher speed. In conventional coated tools, the lower layer of the coated tool has a predetermined high-temperature strength, and the upper layer has a predetermined high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, so when this is used under normal cutting conditions Although no particular problem occurs, especially when this is used for high-speed intermittent cutting with high heat generation and impact load acting on the cutting edge, it constitutes the lower layer of the conventional coated tool Conventional high-temperature strength and heat resistance of TiZrCN layer is insufficient, so chipping (micro chipping), thermoplastic deformation, uneven wear, etc. are likely to occur. It is.
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、上記の従来被覆工具を構成する硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性の向上をはかるべく、従来TiZrCN層を構成する結晶粒の形態に着目して研究を行ったところ、TiZrCN層の結晶粒の結晶面の配向の仕方によって、TiZrCN層の特性が大きく影響を受けることを見出した。 Therefore, the present inventors, from the above viewpoint, in order to improve the chipping resistance and wear resistance of the hard coating layer constituting the conventional coated tool, the form of the crystal grains constituting the conventional TiZrCN layer As a result of the research, it was found that the characteristics of the TiZrCN layer are greatly influenced by the orientation of the crystal planes of the crystal grains of the TiZrCN layer.
即ち、TiZrCN層は、格子点にTi、Zr、炭素(C)、および窒素(N)からなる構成原子がそれぞれ存在するNaCl型面心立方晶の結晶構造を有しているが、本発明者等は、特に、TiZrCN層を構成する結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面、{110}面、{111}面相互が、特定の方向に対して、特定の比率で存在する場合に、TiZrCN層が、特にすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を備えるという知見を得た。 That is, the TiZrCN layer has a NaCl-type face-centered cubic crystal structure in which constituent atoms composed of Ti, Zr, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) are present at lattice points. In particular, when the {112} plane, {110} plane, and {111} plane, which are crystal planes of the crystal grains constituting the TiZrCN layer, are present in a specific ratio with respect to a specific direction, We have found that the TiZrCN layer has particularly excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance.
より具体的に述べれば、以下のとおりである。
(a)上記従来被覆工具の硬質被覆層の下部層を構成する従来TiZrCN層は、通常の化学蒸着装置で、
反応ガス組成−体積%で、TiCl4:0.3〜2.5%、ZrCl4:0.3〜2.5%、CH3CN:0.6〜5%、N2:25〜45%、H2:残り、
反応雰囲気温度:750〜980℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:2.7〜13.3kPa、
の条件で蒸着することにより形成される。
しかし、上記従来TiZrCN層の形成条件を変更し、
反応ガス組成−体積%で、TiCl4:0.5〜5%、ZrCl4:4〜6%、CH3CN:4〜6%、N2:10〜30%、H2:残り、
の反応ガス雰囲気中で、
初期反応時(蒸着開始から30分間)には、
反応雰囲気温度:750〜850℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:2.5〜5kPa、
の比較的低温、低圧の雰囲気中で蒸着し、一方、
メイン反応時(蒸着開始から30分経過以降)には、
反応雰囲気温度:870〜1000℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:6〜15kPa、
の比較的高温、高圧の雰囲気中で蒸着し、
初期反応とメイン反応で反応雰囲気の温度と圧力を上記のように変化させてやると、
組成式:(Ti1−XZrX)CN(ただし、原子比で、X:0.3〜0.5)を満足し、かつ、縦長成長結晶組織を有するTiとZrの炭窒化物(以下、改質TiZrCNで示す)層が蒸着形成され、そして、この改質TiZrCN層は、上記従来TiZrCN層に比して、すぐれた高温強度とすぐれた耐熱性を示す。
(b)そして、上記改質TiZrCN層について、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線がなす傾斜角(図1(a),(b)に概略図を示す)、{110}面の法線がなす傾斜角(図2(a),(b)に概略図を示す)および{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角(図3(a),(b)に概略図を示す)を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうちで、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Aを測定し、また、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bを測定し、さらに、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cを測定したとき、総面積Aと総面積B、総面積Cの関係A/B、A/Cを求めると、A/B、A/Cの値はいずれも2〜8を示し、これは、改質TiZrCN層は、縦長成長結晶組織を有する{112}面配向のTiZrCN結晶粒中に、縦長成長結晶組織を有する{110}面配向のTiZrCN結晶粒および同じく縦長成長結晶組織を有する{111}面配向のTiZrCN結晶粒が存在する結晶組織構造を有することを示している。
なお、前記従来TiZrCN層については、結晶粒の{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積A、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bおよび{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cをそれぞれ測定し、総面積A、総面積B、総面積CからA/Bの値およびA/Cの値を求めたところ、少なくともいずれかは、2未満あるいは8を超えるものであった。
(c)したがって、硬質被覆層の下部層を密着性Ti化合物層と改質TiZrCN層、また、上部層をAl2O3層で構成した被覆工具は、これを、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工に用いた場合にも、改質TiZrCN層がすぐれた高温強度と耐熱性を備えるため、チッピング、欠損、剥離、熱塑性変形、偏摩耗等を生じることなく、長期の使用にわたって、すぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を示すようになる。
この発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたものであって、
「 炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に、
(a)下部層として、3〜20μmの合計平均層厚を有し、いずれも化学蒸着で形成された密着性Ti化合物層と改質Ti系炭窒化物(改質TiZrCN)層、
(b)上部層として、化学蒸着で形成された1〜15μmの平均層厚を有する酸化アルミニウム層、
上記(a)、(b)からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成した表面被覆切削工具において、
(c)上記下部層の密着性Ti化合物層は、0.5〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有するTiの炭化物層、窒化物層、炭窒化物層、炭酸化物層、および炭窒酸化物層のうちの1層または2層以上からなり、
(d)上記下部層の改質Ti系炭窒化物(改質TiZrCN)層は、2.5〜15μmの平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−XZrX)CN
で表した場合、0.3≦X≦0.5(但し、原子比)を満足し、かつ、縦長成長結晶組織を有するTiとZrの複合炭窒化物層からなり、
さらに、上記改質Ti系炭窒化物(改質TiZrCN)層は、
電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線、{110}面の法線および{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうちで、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Aと、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bと、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cを求めた場合、A/Bの値およびA/Cの値がいずれも2〜8である結晶配向性を示す改質Ti系炭窒化物(改質TiZrCN)層であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。」
に特徴を有するものである。
つぎに、この発明の被覆工具の硬質被覆層の構成層について、詳細に説明する。
(a)下部層の密着性Ti化合物層
Ti化合物層は、自体が高温強度を有し、これの存在によって硬質被覆層が高温強度を具備するようになるほか、工具基体と改質TiZrCN層のいずれに対しても強固に密着し、よって硬質被覆層の工具基体に対する密着性向上に寄与する作用をもつが、その合計平均層厚が3μm未満では、前記作用を十分に発揮させることができず、一方その合計平均層厚が20μmを越えると、高熱発生を伴う高速切削加工では熱塑性変形を起し易くなり、これが偏摩耗の原因となることから、その合計平均層厚を3〜20μmと定めた。
(b)下部層の改質Ti系炭窒化物(改質TiZrCN)層
下部層の密着性Ti化合物層の上に、
反応ガス組成−体積%で、TiCl4:0.5〜5%、ZrCl4:4〜6%、CH3CN:4〜6%、N2:10〜30%、H2:残り、
の反応ガス雰囲気中で、
初期反応時(蒸着開始から30分間)には、
反応雰囲気温度:750〜850℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:2.5〜5kPa、
の比較的低温、低圧の雰囲気中で蒸着し、一方、
メイン反応時(蒸着開始から30分経過以降)には、
反応雰囲気温度:870〜1000℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:6〜15kPa、
の比較的高温、高圧の雰囲気中で蒸着すると、
組成式:(Ti1−XZrX)CN
で表した場合、0.3≦X≦0.5(但し、原子比)を満足するZr成分を含有し、かつ、縦長成長結晶組織を有する改質TiZrCN層が蒸着形成される。
More specifically, it is as follows.
(A) The conventional TiZrCN layer constituting the lower layer of the hard coating layer of the conventional coated tool is a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus,
Reaction gas composition - by volume%, TiCl 4: 0.3~2.5%, ZrCl 4: 0.3~2.5%, CH 3 CN: 0.6~5%, N 2: 25~45% , H 2 : remaining,
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 750-980 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 2.7 to 13.3 kPa,
It forms by vapor-depositing on the conditions of these.
However, the formation conditions of the conventional TiZrCN layer are changed,
Reaction gas composition - by volume%, TiCl 4: 0.5~5%, ZrCl 4: 4~6%, CH 3 CN: 4~6%, N 2: 10~30%, H 2: remainder,
In the reaction gas atmosphere of
During the initial reaction (30 minutes from the start of deposition)
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 750-850 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 2.5-5 kPa,
Vapor deposition in a relatively low temperature, low pressure atmosphere,
During the main reaction (after 30 minutes from the start of deposition)
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 870-1000 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 6-15 kPa,
Vapor deposition in a relatively high temperature and high pressure atmosphere
When the temperature and pressure of the reaction atmosphere are changed as described above in the initial reaction and the main reaction,
Compositional formula: (Ti 1-X Zr X ) CN (wherein the atomic ratio is X: 0.3 to 0.5) and a vertically grown crystal structure of Ti and Zr (hereinafter referred to as “carbonitride”). The modified TiZrCN layer is formed by vapor deposition, and the modified TiZrCN layer exhibits superior high-temperature strength and superior heat resistance compared to the conventional TiZrCN layer.
(B) The modified TiZrCN layer is irradiated with an electron beam on each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing in the measurement range of the surface polished surface using a field emission scanning electron microscope, An inclination angle (schematic diagrams shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B) formed by a normal line of the {112} plane which is a crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to a normal line of the polished surface, The inclination angle formed by the normal line (a schematic view is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) and the inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {111} plane (a schematic view is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B) And the total area A of crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle for the {112} plane is within the range of an inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface among the measured inclination angles. And the measured inclination angle with respect to the {110} plane is an inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface-polished surface. The total area B of the crystal grains in the surroundings is measured, and further, the measured tilt angle of the {111} plane is within the range of tilt angles of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface. When the total area C was measured, the relationship between the total area A and the total area B, the total area C, A / B and A / C, the values of A / B and A / C both show 2 to 8, This is because the modified TiZrCN layer has a {110} -oriented TiZrCN crystal grain having a vertically grown crystal structure and a vertically elongated crystal structure in a {112} -oriented TiZrCN crystal grain having a vertically grown crystal structure. It shows that a {111} -oriented TiZrCN crystal grain has a crystal structure.
For the conventional TiZrCN layer, the total area A of crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle with respect to the {112} plane of the crystal grains is within the range of an inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface. , The measured tilt angle for the {110} plane and the measured tilt angle for the {111} plane and the total area B of the crystal grains whose tilt angle is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface The total area C of the crystal grains within the range of the inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the polished surface is measured, and the value of A / B from the total area A, the total area B, and the total area C When A / C values were determined, at least one of them was less than 2 or more than 8.
(C) Therefore, a coated tool in which the lower layer of the hard coating layer is composed of an adhesive Ti compound layer and a modified TiZrCN layer, and the upper layer is composed of an Al 2 O 3 layer is accompanied by high heat generation, and Even when used for high-speed interrupted cutting where impact load is applied to the cutting edge, the modified TiZrCN layer has excellent high-temperature strength and heat resistance, so chipping, chipping, peeling, thermoplastic deformation, uneven wear, etc. In this way, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance over a long period of use.
This invention has been made based on the above findings,
"On the surface of the tool base made of tungsten carbide base cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride base cermet,
(A) As a lower layer, an adhesive Ti compound layer and a modified Ti carbonitride (modified TiZrCN) layer each having a total average layer thickness of 3 to 20 μm and formed by chemical vapor deposition,
(B) As an upper layer, an aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of 1 to 15 μm formed by chemical vapor deposition,
In the surface-coated cutting tool in which the hard coating layer composed of the above (a) and (b) is formed by vapor deposition,
(C) The adhesive Ti compound layer of the lower layer is a Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer, and carbonitride oxide layer having a total average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm. Consisting of one or more layers of
(D) The modified Ti-based carbonitride (modified TiZrCN) layer of the lower layer has an average layer thickness of 2.5 to 15 μm, and
Composition formula: (Ti 1-X Zr X ) CN
Represented by: a composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Zr that satisfies 0.3 ≦ X ≦ 0.5 (provided that the atomic ratio) and has a vertically grown crystal structure,
Furthermore, the modified Ti carbonitride (modified TiZrCN) layer is
Using a field emission scanning electron microscope, each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the surface polished surface is irradiated with an electron beam, and the crystal grain is normal to the surface polished surface. Of the {112} plane, the {110} plane normal, and the {111} plane normal that are the crystal planes of the crystal plane, and among the measured tilt angles, The total inclination A of crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle is in the range of the inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface, and the measured inclination angle with respect to the {110} plane is the method of the surface polished surface The total area B of the crystal grains in the range of the tilt angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the line, and the measured tilt angle with respect to the {111} plane is the tilt of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface When the total area C of the crystal grains in the corner range is obtained, the values of A / B and A / C Surface-coated cutting tool, characterized in that also a modified Ti-based carbonitride showing the crystal orientation is 2-8 (modified TiZrCN) layer Re. "
It has the characteristics.
Next, the constituent layers of the hard coating layer of the coated tool of the present invention will be described in detail.
(A) Adhesive Ti compound layer of lower layer The Ti compound layer itself has high-temperature strength, and the presence of this makes the hard coating layer have high-temperature strength. In addition, the tool substrate and the modified TiZrCN layer It adheres firmly to both, and thus has the effect of contributing to improved adhesion of the hard coating layer to the tool substrate. However, if the total average layer thickness is less than 3 μm, the above effect cannot be fully exhibited. On the other hand, if the total average layer thickness exceeds 20 μm, high-speed cutting with high heat generation tends to cause thermoplastic deformation, which causes uneven wear. Therefore, the total average layer thickness is set to 3 to 20 μm. It was.
(B) Modified Ti-based carbonitride (modified TiZrCN) layer in the lower layer On the adhesive Ti compound layer in the lower layer,
Reaction gas composition - by volume%, TiCl 4: 0.5~5%, ZrCl 4: 4~6%, CH 3 CN: 4~6%, N 2: 10~30%, H 2: remainder,
In the reaction gas atmosphere of
During the initial reaction (30 minutes from the start of deposition)
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 750-850 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 2.5-5 kPa,
Vapor deposition in a relatively low temperature, low pressure atmosphere,
During the main reaction (after 30 minutes from the start of deposition)
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 870-1000 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 6-15 kPa,
When deposited in a relatively high temperature and high pressure atmosphere,
Composition formula: (Ti 1-X Zr X ) CN
In this case, a modified TiZrCN layer containing a Zr component satisfying 0.3 ≦ X ≦ 0.5 (however, the atomic ratio) and having a vertically grown crystal structure is formed by vapor deposition.
そして、上記改質TiZrCN層について、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、前記改質TiZrCN層の表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面、{110}面および{111}面の各法線がなす傾斜角を測定した場合、前記測定傾斜角のうちで、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をA、また、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をB、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をCとした場合、A/Bの値及びA/Cの値はそれぞれ2〜8である結晶配向が形成される。 For the modified TiZrCN layer, using a field emission scanning electron microscope, each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the surface polished surface of the modified TiZrCN layer is irradiated with an electron beam. When the inclination angle formed by the normal lines of the {112} plane, {110} plane, and {111} plane that are crystal planes of the crystal grains is measured with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface, Of the angles, the total area of crystal grains in which the measured tilt angle with respect to the {112} plane is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface-polished surface is A, and {110} B is the total area of crystal grains whose measured tilt angle is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface, and the measured tilt angle for the {111} plane is the surface polished Within an inclination angle range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface If the total area of crystal grains was C that, values of and A / C of A / B is the crystal orientation is 2 to 8, respectively are formed.
そして、改質TiZrCN層は、A/B、A/Cの値がそれぞれ2〜8である結晶配向を示す縦長成長結晶組織を有することにより、従来TiZrCN層に比して改質TiZrCN層の高温強度および耐熱性が一段と向上するため、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工において、チッピング、熱塑性変形、偏摩耗等を発生することもなくすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を発揮する。
なお、上記A/B、A/Cの値を求めるための手順は、具体的には以下のとおりである。
まず、上記改質TiZrCN層の表面を研磨面とした状態で、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡の鏡筒内にセットし、前記研磨面に70度の入射角度で15kVの加速電圧の電子線を1nAの照射電流で、前記表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に照射して、電子後方散乱回折像装置を用い、30×50μmの領域を0.1μm/stepの間隔で走査し、まず、改質TiZrCN層であると認識したピクセル数δをカウントし、次に、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数αをカウントし、A=K×α/δ×100の式(但し、K=改質TiZrCN層の総面積/測定範囲内に存在する改質TiZrCN層の面積)から、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Aの値を算出する。
また、総面積Bについては、改質TiZrCN層であると認識したピクセル数δをカウントし、次に、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{110}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数βをカウントし、B=K×β/δ×100の式(但し、K=改質TiZrCN層の総面積/測定範囲内に存在する改質TiZrCN層の面積)から、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bの値を算出する。
The modified TiZrCN layer has a vertically grown crystal structure showing a crystal orientation in which the values of A / B and A / C are 2 to 8, respectively, so that the modified TiZrCN layer has a higher temperature than the conventional TiZrCN layer. Since the strength and heat resistance are further improved, high-temperature intermittent cutting with high heat generation and impact load on the cutting edge is excellent without causing chipping, thermoplastic deformation, uneven wear, etc. Demonstrates chipping resistance and wear resistance.
The procedure for obtaining the values of A / B and A / C is specifically as follows.
First, in the state where the surface of the modified TiZrCN layer is a polished surface, it is set in a lens barrel of a field emission scanning electron microscope, and an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV is applied to the polished surface at an incident angle of 70 degrees to 1 nA. Irradiation is performed individually to crystal grains having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the polished surface, and an electron backscatter diffraction image apparatus is used to form a 30 × 50 μm region at 0.1 μm / step. First, the number of pixels δ recognized as a modified TiZrCN layer is counted, and then the {112} plane that is the crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to the normal line of the polished surface Is measured, and the number of pixels α recognized as a crystal particle having a value in the range of 0 to 10 degrees out of the measured inclination angles is counted, and A = K × α / δ × 100 formula (where K = total surface of the modified TiZrCN layer) Crystal grains having a measured inclination angle with respect to the {112} plane within a range of an inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface-polished surface from / the area of the modified TiZrCN layer existing within the measurement range) The value of the total area A is calculated.
For the total area B, the number of pixels δ recognized as a modified TiZrCN layer is counted, and then the {110} plane that is the crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface Is measured, and the number of pixels β recognized as crystal grains having a value in the range of 0 to 10 degrees among the measured tilt angles is counted, and B = K × β / δ × From the equation of 100 (where K = total area of the modified TiZrCN layer / area of the modified TiZrCN layer existing within the measurement range), the measured inclination angle for the {110} plane is relative to the normal of the surface polished surface Then, the value of the total area B of the crystal grains in the range of the inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees is calculated.
同様にして、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数γをカウントし、B=K×γ/δ×100の式(但し、K=改質TiZrCN層の総面積/測定範囲内に存在する改質TiZrCN層の面積)から、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cの値を算出する。
上記のとおり算出した総面積A、B、Cの値から、A/BおよびA/Cの値をそれぞれ求めることができる。
Similarly, the inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {111} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, is measured, and among the measured inclination angles, the value is recognized as a crystal grain in the range of 0 to 10 degrees. {111} from the formula B = K × γ / δ × 100 (where K = total area of the modified TiZrCN layer / area of the modified TiZrCN layer existing within the measurement range) The value of the total area C of the crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle with respect to the surface is in the range of the inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface is calculated.
The values of A / B and A / C can be obtained from the values of the total areas A, B, and C calculated as described above.
改質TiZrCN層に含有されるZr成分について、その含有割合X(X=Zr/(Ti+Zr))の値(但し、原子比)が、0.3未満では、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡による測定で、改質TiZrCN層に占める総面積BおよびCの面積割合が小さくなり、一方、総面積Aの面積割合は60〜80%であるから、その結果、総面積比A/BおよびA/Cの値は8を超えてしまい、改質TiZrCN層の耐熱塑性変形性、耐偏摩耗性および耐摩耗性ともに不十分となる。 Regarding the Zr component contained in the modified TiZrCN layer, when the content ratio X (X = Zr / (Ti + Zr)) (however, the atomic ratio) is less than 0.3, it can be measured by a field emission scanning electron microscope. The area ratio of the total area B and C in the modified TiZrCN layer is reduced, while the area ratio of the total area A is 60 to 80%. As a result, the total area ratio A / B and A / C The value exceeds 8, and the heat-resistant plastic deformation property, uneven wear resistance, and wear resistance of the modified TiZrCN layer are insufficient.
また、Zr成分の含有割合Xが、0.5を超えると、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡による測定で、改質TiZrCN層に占める総面積Aの面積割合が60%未満となり、一方、総面積BまたはCの面積割合が30%以上であるから、その結果、総面積比A/BおよびA/Cの値が2未満となってしまい、所望の高温強度が得られなくなるので、Zrの含有割合を、0.3〜0.5に、また、総面積の比の値A/B、A/Cをそれぞれ、2〜8に定めた。
また、改質TiZrCN層の平均層厚が2.5μm未満では所望のすぐれた高温強度、耐熱性を発揮することができず、一方その平均層厚が15μmを越えると、偏摩耗の原因となる熱塑性変形が発生し易くなり、摩耗が促進されるようになることから、その平均層厚を2.5〜15μmと定めた。
(c)Al2O3層(上部層)
Al2O3層は、すぐれた高温硬さと耐熱性を有し、硬質被覆層の耐摩耗性向上に寄与するが、その平均層厚が1μm未満では、硬質被覆層に十分な耐摩耗性を発揮せしめることができず、一方その平均層厚が15μmを越えて厚くなりすぎると、チッピングが発生し易くなることから、その平均層厚を1〜15μmと定めた。
On the other hand, when the content ratio X of the Zr component exceeds 0.5, the area ratio of the total area A in the modified TiZrCN layer is less than 60% as measured by a field emission scanning electron microscope. Or, since the area ratio of C is 30% or more, the total area ratios A / B and A / C are less than 2, and the desired high-temperature strength cannot be obtained. Was set to 0.3 to 0.5, and ratio values A / B and A / C of the total area were set to 2 to 8, respectively.
In addition, if the average layer thickness of the modified TiZrCN layer is less than 2.5 μm, the desired excellent high-temperature strength and heat resistance cannot be exhibited. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 15 μm, it causes uneven wear. Since the thermoplastic deformation easily occurs and the wear is promoted, the average layer thickness is set to 2.5 to 15 μm.
(C) Al 2 O 3 layer (upper layer)
The Al 2 O 3 layer has excellent high-temperature hardness and heat resistance, and contributes to improving the wear resistance of the hard coating layer. However, if the average layer thickness is less than 1 μm, the hard coating layer has sufficient wear resistance. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 15 μm and becomes too thick, chipping tends to occur. Therefore, the average layer thickness is set to 1 to 15 μm.
なお、切削工具の使用前後の識別を目的として、黄金色の色調を有するTiN層を、必要に応じて蒸着形成してもよいが、この場合の平均層厚は0.1〜1μmでよく、これは0.1μm未満では、十分な識別効果が得られず、一方前記TiN層による前記識別効果は1μmまでの平均層厚で十分であるという理由からである。 In addition, for the purpose of identification before and after the use of the cutting tool, a TiN layer having a golden color tone may be vapor-deposited as necessary, but the average layer thickness in this case may be 0.1 to 1 μm, This is because if the thickness is less than 0.1 μm, a sufficient discrimination effect cannot be obtained, while the discrimination effect by the TiN layer is sufficient with an average layer thickness of up to 1 μm.
この発明の被覆工具は、硬質被覆層の下部層のうちの1層を構成する改質TiZrCN層がすぐれた高温強度とすぐれた耐熱性を有することから、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工に用いた場合でも、すぐれた耐チッピング性およびすぐれた耐摩耗性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものである。 In the coated tool of the present invention, since the modified TiZrCN layer constituting one of the lower layers of the hard coating layer has excellent high temperature strength and excellent heat resistance, it is accompanied by high heat generation, and the cutting blade On the other hand, even when used for high-speed intermittent cutting where an impact load is applied, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance, and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
つぎに、この発明の被覆工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。 Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜3μmの平均粒径を有するWC粉末、TiC粉末、ZrC粉末、VC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、Cr3C2粉末、TiN粉末、TaN粉末、およびCo粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表1に示される配合組成に配合し、さらにワックスを加えてアセトン中で36時間ボールミル混合し、減圧乾燥した後、98MPaの圧力で所定形状の圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を5Paの真空中、1370〜1470℃の範囲内の所定の温度に1時間保持の条件で真空焼結し、焼結後、切刃部にR:0.07mmのホーニング加工を施すことによりISO・CNMG120408に規定するスローアウエイチップ形状をもったWC基超硬合金製の工具基体A〜Fをそれぞれ製造した。 WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr 3 C 2 powder, TiN powder, TaN powder, and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 3 μm as raw material powder These raw material powders were blended into the blending composition shown in Table 1, and then added with wax, ball milled in acetone for 36 hours, dried under reduced pressure, and then formed into a compact with a predetermined shape at a pressure of 98 MPa. The green compact was press-molded and vacuum sintered in a vacuum of 5 Pa at a predetermined temperature within a range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. for 1 hour. After sintering, the cutting edge portion had R: 0.07 mm. The tool bases A to F made of a WC-based cemented carbide having a throwaway tip shape defined in ISO · CNMG120408 were manufactured by performing the honing process.
また、原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜2μmの平均粒径を有するTiCN(質量比で、TiC/TiN=50/50)粉末、Mo2C粉末、ZrC粉末、NbC粉末、TaC粉末、WC粉末、Co粉末、およびNi粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を、表2に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで36時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、98MPaの圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を1.3kPaの窒素雰囲気中、温度:1540℃に1時間保持の条件で焼結し、焼結後、切刃部分にR:0.07mmのホーニング加工を施すことによりISO規格・CNMG120408のチップ形状をもったTiCN基サーメット製の工具基体a〜fを形成した。
つぎに、これらの工具基体A〜Fおよび工具基体a〜fの表面に、通常の化学蒸着装置を用い、硬質被覆層の下部層として、密着性Ti化合物層および改質TiZrCN層からなる下部層を表3に示される条件で、表4に示される組み合わせおよび目標層厚で蒸着形成し、ついで同じく表3に示される条件にて、上部層としてのAl2O3層を同じく表4に示される組み合わせで、かつ目標層厚で蒸着形成することにより本発明被覆工具1〜13をそれぞれ製造した。
比較の目的で、工具基体に密着性Ti化合物層を蒸着形成した後、従来TiZrCN層を表3に示される条件で、表5に示される組み合わせおよび目標層厚で蒸着形成し、さらに上部層としてのAl2O3層を、表3に示される条件で、かつ同じく表5に示される目標層厚で蒸着形成することにより比較被覆工具1〜13をそれぞれ製造した。
上記の本発明被覆工具1〜13の改質TiZrCN層は縦長成長結晶組織を有するのに対して、従来被覆工具1〜13の従来TiZrCN層は、粒状結晶組織を有しており、そして、それぞれについて、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、前記各TiZrCN層の表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線、{110}面の法線および{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうちで、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をA、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をB、また、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積をCとして、総面積A、総面積B、総面積C相互の比の値、即ち、A/Bの値およびA/Cの値、を求めた。上記A/Bの値およびA/Cの値を表4、5にそれぞれ示す。
なお、上記A/B、A/Cの値は、既に述べたように、以下の手順で算出した。
Further, as raw material powders, TiCN (mass ratio, TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, Mo 2 C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, TaC powder, WC, all having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. Prepare powder, Co powder, and Ni powder, blend these raw material powders into the composition shown in Table 2, wet-mix for 36 hours with a ball mill, dry, and press-mold into green compact at 98 MPa pressure The green compact is sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 1.3 kPa at a temperature of 1540 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, the cutting edge portion is subjected to a honing process of R: 0.07 mm. Tool bases a to f made of TiCN base cermet having a chip shape of ISO standard / CNMG120408 were formed.
Next, a lower layer composed of an adhesive Ti compound layer and a modified TiZrCN layer is used as the lower layer of the hard coating layer on the surfaces of the tool bases A to F and the tool bases a to f using a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus. Are deposited by the combinations and target layer thicknesses shown in Table 4 under the conditions shown in Table 3, and the Al 2 O 3 layer as the upper layer is also shown in Table 4 under the same conditions shown in Table 3. The coated tools 1 to 13 according to the present invention were manufactured by vapor deposition with a target layer thickness.
For the purpose of comparison, after depositing an adhesive Ti compound layer on the tool base, a conventional TiZrCN layer is deposited by the combination shown in Table 5 and the target layer thickness under the conditions shown in Table 3, and further as an upper layer Comparative coating tools 1 to 13 were manufactured by vapor-depositing the Al 2 O 3 layers under the conditions shown in Table 3 and with the target layer thicknesses shown in Table 5, respectively.
The above-described modified TiZrCN layers of the inventive coated tools 1 to 13 have a vertically grown crystal structure, whereas the conventional TiZrCN layers of the conventional coated tools 1 to 13 have a granular crystal structure, and A field emission scanning electron microscope is used to irradiate each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the surface polished surface of each TiZrCN layer with an electron beam, thereby normal to the surface polished surface. In contrast, the inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {112} plane, the normal line of the {110} plane, and the normal line of the {111} plane, which are crystal planes of the crystal grains, is measured. , The total area of crystal grains in which the measured tilt angle with respect to the {112} plane is in the range of tilt angles of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the polished surface is A, and the measured tilt angle with respect to the {110} plane 0 to 1 with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface The total area of crystal grains in the range of the tilt angle of B is B, and the measured tilt angle for the {111} plane is in the range of the tilt angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface The total area of a certain crystal grain is defined as C, and the total area A, the total area B, and the ratio of the total area C to each other, that is, the values of A / B and A / C, were obtained. The values of A / B and A / C are shown in Tables 4 and 5, respectively.
The values of A / B and A / C were calculated according to the following procedure as described above.
まず、上記改質TiZrCN層の表面を研磨面とした状態で、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡の鏡筒内にセットし、前記研磨面に70度の入射角度で15kVの加速電圧の電子線を1nAの照射電流で、前記表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に照射して、電子後方散乱回折像装置を用い、30×50μmの領域を0.1μm/stepの間隔で走査し、まず、改質TiZrCN層であると認識したピクセル数δをカウントし、次に、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数αをカウントし、また、表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{110}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数βをカウントし、さらに、表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、この測定傾斜角のうちで、その値が0〜10度の範囲にある結晶粒子と認識したピクセル数γをカウントし、A=K×α/δ×100、B=K×β/δ×100およびC=K×γ/δ×100の式(但し、いずれも、K=改質TiZrCN層の総面積/測定範囲内に存在する改質TiZrCN層の面積)から、総面積A、総面積B、総面積Cの値をそれぞれ求め、総面積A、総面積B、総面積Cから、A/Bの値、A/Cの値を算出した。
表4、5にそれぞれ示される通り、本発明被覆工具の改質TiZrCN層について、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用いて求めた{112}面についての測定傾斜角が表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Aと、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bと、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cとから求めたA/Bの値およびA/Cの値は、それぞれ2〜8であるのに対して、比較被覆工具の従来TiZrCN層では、前記面積比A/Bの値およびA/Cの値は、少なくともそのいずれかが、2未満あるいは8を超えるものであった。
さらに、上記の本発明被覆工具1〜13および比較被覆工具1〜13について、これの硬質被覆層の構成層を電子線マイクロアナライザー(EPMA)およびオージェ分光分析装置を用いて観察(層の縦断面を観察)したところ、前者および後者とも目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を有する密着性Ti化合物層、改質TiZrCN層、従来TiZrCN層、さらにAl2O3層からなることが確認された。また、これらの被覆工具の硬質被覆層の構成層の厚さを、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定(同じく縦断面測定)したところ、いずれも目標層厚と実質的に同じ平均層厚(5点測定の平均値)を示した。
First, in the state where the surface of the modified TiZrCN layer is a polished surface, it is set in a lens barrel of a field emission scanning electron microscope, and an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV is applied to the polished surface at an incident angle of 70 degrees to 1 nA. Irradiation is performed individually to crystal grains having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the polished surface, and an electron backscatter diffraction image apparatus is used to form a 30 × 50 μm region at 0.1 μm / step. First, the number of pixels δ recognized as a modified TiZrCN layer is counted, and then the {112} plane that is the crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to the normal line of the polished surface The inclination angle formed by the normal line is measured, and the number α of pixels recognized as crystal grains having a value in the range of 0 to 10 degrees is counted from the measured inclination angle, and the normal line of the surface polished surface is counted. On the other hand, {1 10} surface normal is measured, and the number of pixels β recognized as crystal grains having a value in the range of 0 to 10 degrees out of the measured tilt angles is counted. The inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {111} plane which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain is measured with respect to the normal line, and a crystal whose value is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees is measured. The number of pixels γ recognized as particles is counted, and A = K × α / δ × 100, B = K × β / δ × 100, and C = K × γ / δ × 100 (where K = The total area A, the total area B, and the total area C are calculated from the total area of the modified TiZrCN layer / the area of the modified TiZrCN layer existing within the measurement range), and the total area A, total area B, and total area are obtained. The value of A / B and the value of A / C were calculated from C.
As shown in Tables 4 and 5, with respect to the modified TiZrCN layer of the coated tool of the present invention, the measured inclination angle with respect to the {112} plane obtained by using a field emission scanning electron microscope is relative to the normal line of the surface polished surface. The total area A of the crystal grains in the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the measured inclination angle of the {110} plane is in the range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface And the total area C of crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle with respect to the {111} plane is within a range of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface, The values of A / B and A / C obtained from the above are 2 to 8 respectively, whereas in the conventional TiZrCN layer of the comparative coated tool, the values of the area ratio A / B and the value of A / C Is at least one of which is less than 2 or greater than 8. .
Further, for the above-described coated tools 1 to 13 and comparative coated tools 1 to 13 described above, the constituent layers of the hard coating layer were observed using an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA) and an Auger spectroscopic analyzer (longitudinal section of the layer). As a result, it was confirmed that the former and the latter consisted of an adhesive Ti compound layer, a modified TiZrCN layer, a conventional TiZrCN layer, and an Al 2 O 3 layer having substantially the same composition as the target composition. Moreover, when the thickness of the constituent layer of the hard coating layer of these coated tools was measured using a scanning electron microscope (similarly longitudinal section measurement), the average layer thickness (5 The average value of point measurement) was shown.
つぎに、上記の各種の被覆サーメット工具をいずれも工具鋼製バイトの先端部に固定治具にてネジ止めした状態で、本発明被覆工具1〜13および比較被覆工具1〜13について、
被削材:JIS・SCM440の長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度: 450 m/min、
切り込み: 1.5 mm、
送り: 0.23 mm/rev、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件Aという)でのクロムモリブデン鋼の湿式高速断続切削試験、
被削材:JIS・S45Cの長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度: 450 m/min、
切り込み: 1.5 mm、
送り: 0.25 mm/rev、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件Bという)での炭素鋼の湿式高速断続切削試験、
被削材:JIS・FCD450の長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒、
切削速度: 470 m/min、
切り込み: 1.5 mm、
送り: 0.28 mm/rev、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件(切削条件Cという)での球状黒鉛鋳鉄の湿式高速断続切削試験、
いずれの切削試験(水溶性切削油使用)でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。この測定結果を表6に示した。
Next, with the various coated cermet tools described above, the present coated tool 1 to 13 and the comparative coated tools 1 to 13 in a state where all the above-mentioned coated cermet tools are screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig.
Work material: JIS · SCM440 lengthwise equidistant 4 vertical grooved round bar,
Cutting speed: 450 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm,
Feed: 0.23 mm / rev,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Wet high-speed intermittent cutting test of chromium molybdenum steel under the conditions (cutting condition A)
Work material: JIS · S45C lengthwise equal 4 round grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 450 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm,
Feed: 0.25 mm / rev,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Wet high-speed intermittent cutting test of carbon steel under the above conditions (referred to as cutting condition B),
Work material: JIS / FCD450 lengthwise equidistant round bars with 4 vertical grooves,
Cutting speed: 470 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm,
Feed: 0.28 mm / rev,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
Wet high-speed intermittent cutting test of spheroidal graphite cast iron under the above conditions (referred to as cutting condition C),
In any cutting test (using water-soluble cutting oil), the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 6.
上述のように、この発明の被覆工具は、各種鋼や鋳鉄などの通常の条件での連続切削や断続切削は勿論のこと、特に高い熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して衝撃的負荷が作用する高速断続切削加工でも、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性とすぐれた耐摩耗性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものであるから、切削装置の高性能化並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。
As described above, the coated tool of the present invention is not only continuous cutting and interrupted cutting under normal conditions such as various steels and cast irons, but also involves particularly high heat generation and has an impact load on the cutting edge. Even in high-speed interrupted cutting where the working force is applied, the hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance, and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time. It can fully satisfy the labor-saving and energy-saving of cutting and cost reduction.
Claims (1)
(a)下部層として、3〜20μmの合計平均層厚を有し、いずれも化学蒸着で形成された密着性Ti化合物層と改質Ti系炭窒化物層、
(b)上部層として、化学蒸着で形成された1〜15μmの平均層厚を有する酸化アルミニウム層、
上記(a)、(b)からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成した表面被覆切削工具において、
(c)上記下部層の密着性Ti化合物層は、0.5〜5μmの合計平均層厚を有するTiの炭化物層、窒化物層、炭窒化物層、炭酸化物層、および炭窒酸化物層のうちの1層または2層以上からなり、
(d)上記下部層の改質Ti系炭窒化物層は、2.5〜15μmの平均層厚を有し、かつ、
組成式:(Ti1−XZrX)CN
で表した場合、0.3≦X≦0.5(但し、原子比)を満足し、かつ、縦長成長結晶組織を有するTiとZrの複合炭窒化物層からなり、
さらに、上記改質Ti系炭窒化物層は、
電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡を用い、表面研磨面の測定範囲内に存在する立方晶結晶格子を有する結晶粒個々に電子線を照射して、前記表面研磨面の法線に対して、前記結晶粒の結晶面である{112}面の法線、{110}面の法線および{111}面の法線がなす傾斜角を測定し、前記測定傾斜角のうちで、{112}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Aと、{110}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Bと、{111}面についての測定傾斜角が前記表面研磨面の法線に対して0〜10度の傾斜角の範囲内にある結晶粒子の総面積Cを求めた場合、A/Bの値およびA/Cの値がいずれも2〜8である結晶配向性を示す改質Ti系炭窒化物層であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。 On the surface of the tool base composed of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride based cermet,
(A) As a lower layer, an adhesive Ti compound layer and a modified Ti carbonitride layer that have a total average layer thickness of 3 to 20 μm, both formed by chemical vapor deposition,
(B) As an upper layer, an aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of 1 to 15 μm formed by chemical vapor deposition,
In the surface-coated cutting tool in which the hard coating layer composed of the above (a) and (b) is formed by vapor deposition,
(C) The adhesive Ti compound layer of the lower layer is a Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer, and carbonitride oxide layer having a total average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm. Consisting of one or more layers of
(D) The modified Ti-based carbonitride layer of the lower layer has an average layer thickness of 2.5 to 15 μm, and
Composition formula: (Ti 1-X Zr X ) CN
Represented by: a composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Zr that satisfies 0.3 ≦ X ≦ 0.5 (provided that the atomic ratio) and has a vertically grown crystal structure,
Furthermore, the modified Ti carbonitride layer is
Using a field emission scanning electron microscope, each crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice existing within the measurement range of the surface polished surface is irradiated with an electron beam, and the crystal grain is normal to the surface polished surface. Of the {112} plane, the {110} plane normal, and the {111} plane normal that are the crystal planes of the crystal plane, and among the measured tilt angles, The total inclination A of crystal grains in which the measured inclination angle is in the range of the inclination angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal line of the surface polished surface, and the measured inclination angle with respect to the {110} plane is the method of the surface polished surface The total area B of the crystal grains in the range of the tilt angle of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the line, and the measured tilt angle with respect to the {111} plane is the tilt of 0 to 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface polished surface When the total area C of the crystal grains in the corner range is obtained, the values of A / B and A / C Surface-coated cutting tool, which is a modified Ti-based carbonitride layer also shows the crystal orientation is 2-8 Re.
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