JP2009152112A - インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 - Google Patents
インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009152112A JP2009152112A JP2007330188A JP2007330188A JP2009152112A JP 2009152112 A JP2009152112 A JP 2009152112A JP 2007330188 A JP2007330188 A JP 2007330188A JP 2007330188 A JP2007330188 A JP 2007330188A JP 2009152112 A JP2009152112 A JP 2009152112A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst particles
- conductive
- polymer
- ink composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 406
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 156
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- -1 3,5-xylyl Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 18
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 14
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene red Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N(C(=O)C=1C2=C3C4=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=1)C(=O)C2=CC(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=C3C(C(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)=CC1=C2C(C(N(C=3C(=CC=CC=3C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=O)=O)=C1)=C2C4=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZSIDSMUTXFKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002145 thermally induced phase separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopteridin-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=N1 HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N MGK 264 Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(=O)N(CC(CC)CCCC)C1=O WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLHWLWIYZRIZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-(fluoromethoxy)propane Chemical compound FCOCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VLHWLWIYZRIZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYAMKYAPIQPWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-methoxypropane Chemical compound COCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZYAMKYAPIQPWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJRXHKBZNQULJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HJRXHKBZNQULJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZQYYQFIBDSTPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(O)(=O)=O IZQYYQFIBDSTPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BICXMUPOBHTRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;chloroethene;styrene Chemical compound ClC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C BICXMUPOBHTRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSQZJKGXDGNDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PSQZJKGXDGNDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVFXLZRISXUAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F LVFXLZRISXUAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QQQCWVDPMPFUGF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N alpinetin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC=3C=C(O)C=C(C=3C(=O)C2)OC)=CC=CC=C1 QQQCWVDPMPFUGF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015241 bacon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000541 cathodic arc deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004775 chlorodifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007265 chloromethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000469 dry deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8814—Temporary supports, e.g. decal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】非導電性担体及び非導電性担体の表面を被覆する導電性触媒材料の被膜を含んでなる触媒粒子と、イオン伝導性ポリマーとを含み、触媒粒子とイオン伝導性ポリマーとの体積比率が55:45〜90:10である、インク組成物を提供する。
【選択図】図4
Description
本発明で使用する非導電性担体は、任意の非導電性材料を含んでなる粒子である。非導電性担体に含まれる材料は、非導電性の、有機材料、無機材料、それらの混合物又はアロイなどであってよい。
本発明で使用する導電性触媒材料は、非導電性担体上に1層以上適用されて被膜を形成したときに、電子伝導性、機械的特性(非導電性担体を強化及び/又は保護する)及び所望の触媒特性を有する機能層となる材料である。
上述のように作製した触媒粒子を、その触媒粒子を支持する基材から剥離することにより、触媒粒子を単離して、自由流動性を有するバラバラの粉末状の触媒粒子を得ることができる。図1に、そのようにして得られた触媒粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を一例として示す。支持基材からの触媒粒子の剥離は、触媒粒子の機能及び形状を実質的に損なわない任意の方法を用いて行ってよく、そのいくつかとして、例えば以下に説明するような方法を挙げることができる。
本発明のインク組成物に用いられるイオン伝導性ポリマーは、本技術分野で知られている適当な任意のイオン伝導性ポリマーを含んでいてよく、これらの組み合わせを含んでもよい。イオン伝導性ポリマーは固体又はゲルであるのが好ましい。本発明に有用なイオン伝導性ポリマーとして、高分子電解質及びイオン交換樹脂のようなイオン伝導性材料が挙げられる。イオン伝導性ポリマーは、プロトン伝導性イオノマーであるのが好ましい。
インク組成物における触媒粒子及びイオン伝導性ポリマーの含有量については、固形分として含まれる、触媒粒子及びイオン伝導性ポリマーの合計体積を基準として、触媒粒子の体積パーセントが約55体積%〜約90体積%の範囲(すなわち、触媒粒子の体積:イオン伝導性ポリマーの体積=約55:45〜約90:10)であるのが好ましく、約60体積%〜約85体積%の範囲(すなわち、触媒粒子の体積:イオン伝導性ポリマーの体積=約60:40〜約85:15)であるのがより好ましい。
上述のようにして得られたインク組成物を、例えば、固体高分子電解質膜のような高分子電解質膜(PEM)又は導電性材料を含むガス拡散層(GDL)に適用することによって、非導電性担体及び非導電性担体表面を被覆する導電性触媒材料を含む触媒粒子とイオン伝導性ポリマーとを有する電極触媒層を、これらの膜又は層の上に形成することができる。図2に、電極触媒層2(この図ではカソード側として示す)が表面に設けられたGDL1の横断面図を示し、図3に、電極触媒層2及び3(すなわちカソード及びアノード側の両方)が対向する2つの表面に設けられたPEM4の横断面図を示す。図3では、電極触媒層2及び3が、PEM4の対向する2つの表面に設けられているが、当然のことながら、使用するGDLとの組み合わせに応じて、電極触媒層2又は3をPEM4の一方の表面のみに形成してもよい。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒1gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)0.95gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)5.38gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)3gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒1gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)0.6gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)3.4gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)3gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒1gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)0.35gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)1.98gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)3gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒1gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)1.07gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)6.06gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)5gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒0.5gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)0.77gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)5.60gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)3gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
前記手順に従って得られたPt−ペリレン触媒2gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont製)0.2gと、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業製)2.65gと共に試薬びんに入れ、さらにジルコニア製ビーズ(0.8mm径)2gを入れて密封し、その試薬びんをペイントシェイカーで1時間振とうすることにより、触媒が分散されたインク組成物を調製した。
カーボン担持白金触媒(商品名:CAQ062705AB−Pt50%/C50%、エヌ・イー・ケムキャット製)1.98gを、イオン伝導性ポリマー(商品名:Nafion DE1021−10%水溶液、DuPont社製)8.88gと、純水8gとを用いた他は、例1と同様にインク組成物を調製した。
比較例3の触媒を、グラファイト化処理カーボン担持白金触媒(商品名:TEC10EA50E−Pt50%/C50%、田中貴金属工業製)に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にインク組成物を調製した。
固体高分子型燃料電池の単セルを用い、その単セルを73℃に温度調整し、アノード側に燃料ガスとして水素(露点72℃)を、流量400sccmで供給し、カソード側に酸化剤として空気(露点70℃)を、流量900sccmで供給しながら、電圧走査運転を電圧0.85V〜0.25Vの間で8時間行うことにより、固体高分子燃料電池のコンディショニングを行う。
コンディショニング手順における、最終電流密度(A/cm2)−電圧(V)曲線を、その単セルの初期出力特性とする。また、ポテンシオスタットをその単セルに接続し、セル温度を73℃として、アノード側に水素(露点80℃)、カソード側に窒素(露点80℃)をそれぞれ流量500sccmで供給して、サイクリックボルタモグラム(以降、CVと呼ぶ)を測定し、カソード電極触媒の電気化学表面積を算出する。
様々な運転条件、あるいは繰り返される燃料電池の起動停止において起こりうる、カソードが高電位にさらされる状態でのカソード電極触媒の耐久性を評価するために、高電圧(1.5V)保持試験を行う。燃料電池の単セルを80℃に温度調節し、アノード側に水素(露点80℃)、カソード側に窒素(露点80℃)をそれぞれ500sccmで供給し、ポテンシオスタットを接続して、電圧を1.5Vにして30分保持する。その後、セル温度を73℃に下げてCVを測定する。さらに、アノード側の水素ガスを、露点72℃、流量400sccmに設定し、カソード側を空気(露点70℃、流量900sccm)に切り替えて、0.85V〜0.25Vの間で電圧走査運転を行う。
1’ アノードガス拡散層
2 カソード電極触媒層
3 アノード電極触媒層
4 高分子電解質膜(PEM)
Claims (22)
- 固形分として、非導電性担体及び前記非導電性担体表面を被覆する導電性触媒材料を含む触媒粒子と、イオン伝導性ポリマーとを含み、前記触媒粒子と前記イオン伝導性ポリマーとの体積比率が55:45〜90:10である、インク組成物。
- 前記非導電性担体がウィスカー状である、請求項1に記載のインク組成物。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーがフッ素系イオン伝導性ポリマーであり、前記触媒粒子と前記イオン伝導性ポリマーとの質量比率が90:10〜98:2である、請求項1に記載のインク組成物。
- 前記非導電性担体の、ウィスカー断面の平均直径が100nm以下であり、ウィスカーの平均アスペクト比が3以上である、請求項2に記載のインク組成物。
- 前記導電性触媒材料が、Au、Ag、Pt、Os、Ir、Pd、Ru、Rh、Sc、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zr、Bi、Pd、In、Sb、Sn、Zn、Al、W、Re、Ta及びMoからなる群から選択される1以上の金属、又はこれらの合金を含む、請求項1に記載のインク組成物。
- (i)基材上に、非導電性担体及び前記非導電性担体の表面を被覆する導電性触媒材料を含む触媒粒子を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記触媒粒子を前記基材から剥離する工程と、
(iii)剥離した前記触媒粒子を、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む溶液中に分散する工程と
を有する、請求項1に記載のインク組成物を製造する方法。 - 前記触媒粒子を形成する工程(i)が、
前記基材上にウィスカー状の前記非導電性担体を形成する工程と、
前記基材上に形成された前記非導電性担体の表面を、物理気相堆積法又は化学気相堆積法により前記導電性触媒材料で被覆する工程と
を有する、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記剥離する工程(ii)が、
前記触媒粒子が形成された前記基材に高分子膜を熱圧着して前記触媒粒子を前記高分子膜上に転写し、その後、前記高分子膜を膨潤させるが溶解しない液体中に前記触媒粒子が転写された高分子膜を浸すことによって、前記触媒粒子を前記液体中に遊離させることを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記剥離する工程(ii)が、
前記基材上に形成された前記触媒粒子を、固体状態の第1の材料の表面に形成した液体状態の第2の材料の薄膜中に貫入させ、前記第2の材料を固化して前記触媒粒子を前記第2の材料の固化薄膜により把持し、前記基材のみを剥離することにより前記触媒粒子を前記固化薄膜に転写し、その後に前記固化薄膜を液化して前記触媒粒子を液体状態の前記第2の材料中に遊離させることを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 非導電性担体及び前記非導電性担体表面を被覆する導電性触媒材料を含む触媒粒子とイオン伝導性ポリマーとを有する電極触媒層であって、
前記触媒粒子が前記触媒層中に略均一に分散され、隣接し合う各前記触媒粒子の前記導電性触媒材料の層が相互に接している、電極触媒層。 - 前記非導電性担体がウィスカー状である、請求項10に記載の電極触媒層。
- 前記触媒粒子と前記イオン伝導性ポリマーとの体積比率が55:45〜90:10である、請求項10に記載の電極触媒層。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーがフッ素系イオン伝導性ポリマーであり、前記触媒粒子と前記イオン伝導性ポリマーとの質量比率が90:10〜98:2である、請求項12に記載の電極触媒層。
- 前記非導電性担体の、ウィスカー断面の平均直径が100nm以下であり、ウィスカーの平均アスペクト比が3以上である、請求項11に記載の電極触媒層。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載のインク組成物をガス拡散層の1つの表面に適用する工程と、
前記インク組成物を乾燥して、前記ガス拡散層の前記表面に電極触媒層を形成する工程とを有する、電極触媒層の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載のインク組成物を、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む高分子電解質膜の少なくとも1つの表面に適用する工程と、
前記インク組成物を乾燥して、前記高分子電解質膜の前記少なくとも1つの表面に電極触媒層を形成する工程とを有する、電極触媒層の製造方法。 - 請求項10〜14のいずれか1つに記載の電極触媒層が表面に形成された、ガス拡散層。
- 請求項10〜14のいずれか1つに記載の電極触媒層が、少なくとも1つの表面に形成された、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む高分子電解質膜。
- 請求項17に記載のガス拡散層を含み、前記電極触媒層が少なくともカソード電極側に含まれる、膜電極接合体。
- 請求項18に記載の高分子電解質膜を含み、前記電極触媒層が少なくともカソード電極側に含まれる、膜電極接合体。
- 請求項19に記載の膜電極接合体を複数積層して形成された、固体高分子型燃料電池スタック。
- 請求項20に記載の膜電極接合体を複数積層して形成された、固体高分子型燃料電池スタック。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007330188A JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 |
PCT/US2008/087398 WO2009082666A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Electrode catalyst dispersion and ink composition |
US12/808,742 US20110262828A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Electrode catalyst dispersion and ink composition |
CN2008801266626A CN101946360A (zh) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | 电极催化剂分散体和油墨组合物 |
EP08864214.5A EP2235779B1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Electrode catalyst dispersion and ink composition |
EP20169042.7A EP3709410A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Electrode catalyst dispersion and ink composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007330188A JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009152112A true JP2009152112A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
JP2009152112A5 JP2009152112A5 (ja) | 2011-01-13 |
JP5196988B2 JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=40343619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007330188A Active JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110262828A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2235779B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5196988B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101946360A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009082666A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011077991A1 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 昭和電工株式会社 | インク、該インクを用いて形成される燃料電池用触媒層およびその用途 |
WO2013073330A1 (ja) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 燃料電池用集電板及びその製造方法 |
JP2015096325A (ja) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-05-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 薄層転写用シート、電極触媒層付薄層転写用シート、薄層転写用シートの製造方法、および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
JPWO2020218293A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
JP2021507998A (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-02-25 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 電解装置用の分散触媒含有アノード組成物 |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011087842A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell electrode with nanostructured catalyst and dispersed catalyst sublayer |
GB2478981B (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2012-02-15 | Univ Southampton | Fuel cell, catalyst and methods |
WO2017176306A1 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-12 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Catalyst layers and electrolyzers |
US8796170B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-08-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Layered catalyst |
US8906575B2 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2014-12-09 | Los Alamos National Security, Llc | Minimizing electrode contamination in an electrochemical cell |
US9865885B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2018-01-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Manufacturing method of catalyst ink, manufacturing method of fuel cell, and fuel cell |
JP6131944B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-23 | 2017-05-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
US9153822B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2015-10-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Nano-structured thin film catalyst |
JP5807654B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-11-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用の触媒インクの製造方法、燃料電池用の触媒層の製造方法、燃料電池用の膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
US10119932B2 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electrochemical gas sensor |
KR101637711B1 (ko) | 2014-10-30 | 2016-07-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지의 고분자 전해질막-전극 접합체용 전극의 분리방법과 그 장치 |
US10727496B2 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2020-07-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel cell oxidation reduction reaction catalyst |
CN107394239B (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2023-07-07 | 李兴祥 | 燃料电池膜电极制备方法及制备设备 |
CN111373584A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-07-03 | 里兰斯坦福初级大学理事会 | 用于质子交换膜燃料电池的催化剂载体上的超薄电化学催化剂 |
KR102230982B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-26 | 2021-03-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 촉매층의 제조방법, 촉매층 및 이를 포함하는 막-전극 접합체 및 연료전지 |
WO2019212926A1 (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2019-11-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Platinum-coated polyimide particles and articles thereof |
US11479871B2 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2022-10-25 | The Board of Trastees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Electrochemical cells and cathodes for the production of concentrated product streams from the reduction of CO and/or CO2 |
US20210260989A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2021-08-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrogen fueling system |
EP3899100B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2023-01-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water electrolyzers |
JP7088117B2 (ja) | 2019-04-09 | 2022-06-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
CN113629264B (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-03-03 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池用催化剂浆料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116914068B (zh) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-11-24 | 常州纳科诺尔精密轧制设备有限公司 | 一种极片热辊压机构及其使用方法 |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63107548A (ja) * | 1986-08-25 | 1988-05-12 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニユフアクチユアリング カンパニ− | 有機微細構造体の表面層を有する物品およびその製造方法 |
JPH0790111A (ja) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-04-04 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 高分子固体電解質組成物 |
JP2002246033A (ja) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-30 | Toshiba Corp | 電極、電極用組成物、それを用いた燃料電池、および電極の製造方法 |
JP2003109602A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高分子電解質形燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2003123769A (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極 |
JP2003151564A (ja) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-23 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極 |
JP2006066209A (ja) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-09 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 直接メタノール型燃料電池 |
JP2007005136A (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-01-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池用担持触媒および燃料電池 |
JP2008523565A (ja) * | 2004-12-09 | 2008-07-03 | ナノシス・インク. | 燃料電池用のナノワイヤベースの膜電極接合体 |
WO2009001560A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | Panasonic Corporation | 燃料電池、膜-電極接合体、及び膜-触媒層接合体 |
JP2009524567A (ja) * | 2005-11-21 | 2009-07-02 | ナノシス・インコーポレイテッド | 炭素を含むナノワイヤ構造 |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4539256A (en) | 1982-09-09 | 1985-09-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Microporous sheet material, method of making and articles made therewith |
US5039561A (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1991-08-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for preparing an article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures |
US4726989A (en) | 1986-12-11 | 1988-02-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Microporous materials incorporating a nucleating agent and methods for making same |
US4867881A (en) | 1987-09-14 | 1989-09-19 | Minnesota Minning And Manufacturing Company | Orientied microporous film |
US5176786A (en) | 1988-07-13 | 1993-01-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Organic thin film controlled molecular epitaxy |
US5120594A (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1992-06-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microporous polyolefin shaped articles with patterned surface areas of different porosity |
US5336558A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1994-08-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Composite article comprising oriented microstructures |
US5260360A (en) | 1991-10-18 | 1993-11-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Oil, water and sweat repellent microporous membrane materials |
US5338430A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1994-08-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nanostructured electrode membranes |
JP3525944B2 (ja) | 1994-01-28 | 2004-05-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極・膜接合体の製造方法 |
JPH09257687A (ja) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-10-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池の貴金属触媒の反応比表面積と利用率測定法および固体高分子型燃料電池用電極の触媒層 |
US5879828A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Membrane electrode assembly |
US5879827A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making |
US6136412A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2000-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microtextured catalyst transfer substrate |
US6238534B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-05-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hybrid membrane electrode assembly |
US6482763B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-11-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Suboxide fuel cell catalyst for enhanced reformate tolerance |
JP2001302527A (ja) | 2000-04-19 | 2001-10-31 | Masashi Fujii | 冷感剤l−メンチルグリセリルエ−テルまたはl−メントールの1種以上を肥満インジケーターとして配合し、セイヨウエビラハギエキスまたはセイヨウトチノキエキスの1種以上とミルク由来の不活性化サイトカイン様物質を活性化してなる有効成分を配合した塗布部位限局性痩身を目的とする皮膚外用剤 |
US6624328B1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Preparation of perfluorinated vinyl ethers having a sulfonyl fluoride end-group |
US7348088B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2008-03-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolyte membrane |
US7419741B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2008-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell cathode catalyst |
WO2006078281A2 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-07-27 | Nanosys, Inc. | Systems and methods for harvesting and integrating nanowires |
US7939218B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2011-05-10 | Nanosys, Inc. | Nanowire structures comprising carbon |
US20060144791A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Debe Mark K | Platinum recovery from nanostructured fuel cell catalyst |
JP4992207B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-19 | 2012-08-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 複合多孔質膜、複合多孔質膜の製造方法、固体高分子電解質膜、及び燃料電池 |
US20080020923A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-01-24 | Debe Mark K | Multilayered nanostructured films |
US7622217B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2009-11-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell nanocatalyst |
JP2009522197A (ja) * | 2005-12-29 | 2009-06-11 | ナノシス・インコーポレイテッド | パターン形成された基板上のナノワイヤの配向した成長のための方法 |
US7633231B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2009-12-15 | Cold Plasma Medical Technologies, Inc. | Harmonic cold plasma device and associated methods |
-
2007
- 2007-12-21 JP JP2007330188A patent/JP5196988B2/ja active Active
-
2008
- 2008-12-18 EP EP08864214.5A patent/EP2235779B1/en active Active
- 2008-12-18 EP EP20169042.7A patent/EP3709410A1/en active Pending
- 2008-12-18 CN CN2008801266626A patent/CN101946360A/zh active Pending
- 2008-12-18 WO PCT/US2008/087398 patent/WO2009082666A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-18 US US12/808,742 patent/US20110262828A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63107548A (ja) * | 1986-08-25 | 1988-05-12 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニユフアクチユアリング カンパニ− | 有機微細構造体の表面層を有する物品およびその製造方法 |
JPH0790111A (ja) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-04-04 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 高分子固体電解質組成物 |
JP2002246033A (ja) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-30 | Toshiba Corp | 電極、電極用組成物、それを用いた燃料電池、および電極の製造方法 |
JP2003109602A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高分子電解質形燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2003123769A (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極 |
JP2003151564A (ja) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-23 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極 |
JP2006066209A (ja) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-09 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 直接メタノール型燃料電池 |
JP2008523565A (ja) * | 2004-12-09 | 2008-07-03 | ナノシス・インク. | 燃料電池用のナノワイヤベースの膜電極接合体 |
JP2007005136A (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-01-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池用担持触媒および燃料電池 |
JP2009524567A (ja) * | 2005-11-21 | 2009-07-02 | ナノシス・インコーポレイテッド | 炭素を含むナノワイヤ構造 |
WO2009001560A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | Panasonic Corporation | 燃料電池、膜-電極接合体、及び膜-触媒層接合体 |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011077991A1 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 昭和電工株式会社 | インク、該インクを用いて形成される燃料電池用触媒層およびその用途 |
WO2013073330A1 (ja) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 燃料電池用集電板及びその製造方法 |
JP2015096325A (ja) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-05-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 薄層転写用シート、電極触媒層付薄層転写用シート、薄層転写用シートの製造方法、および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
JP2021507998A (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-02-25 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 電解装置用の分散触媒含有アノード組成物 |
JP7398375B2 (ja) | 2017-12-22 | 2023-12-14 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 電解装置用の分散触媒含有アノード組成物 |
JPWO2020218293A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
WO2020218293A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物 |
JP7329804B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-08-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物 |
US11785845B2 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-10-10 | Fujifilm Corporation | Composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110262828A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
EP2235779B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3709410A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
WO2009082666A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
JP5196988B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
EP2235779A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
CN101946360A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5196988B2 (ja) | インク組成物、その製造方法、そのインク組成物を用いて形成した電極触媒層及びこれらの用途 | |
JP5841121B2 (ja) | 多層ナノ構造フィルム | |
JP5426166B2 (ja) | 膜電極接合体の電流密度の均一性を高める触媒層 | |
JP5107925B2 (ja) | 連続螺旋転位成長によるナノ構造の層の生成 | |
JP5564755B2 (ja) | 電解質膜およびこれを用いた膜電極接合体 | |
CN111527633B (zh) | 催化剂、其制备方法、包含所述催化剂的电极、膜-电极组件和燃料电池 | |
US9325023B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing membrane-electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cell and membrane-electrode assembly manufactured thereby | |
JP6126130B2 (ja) | 電気化学電池電極 | |
TW201600546A (zh) | 基材薄膜、觸媒轉印片、膜電極複合體之製造方法及被覆觸媒層之電解質膜之製造方法 | |
JP5353437B2 (ja) | 膜電極接合体の製造方法、燃料電池の製造方法 | |
JP4642656B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用電極およびこれを用いた燃料電池 | |
CN110088960B (zh) | 膜电极组件和固体聚合物燃料电池 | |
JP5402662B2 (ja) | 膜電極接合体及び膜電極接合体の製造方法 | |
US11560632B2 (en) | Membrane, membrane electrode assembly, and water electrolyzer including the same | |
WO2007078771A2 (en) | Fuel cell gas diffusion articles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101124 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20101124 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20121018 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121106 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121212 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130108 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130205 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160215 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5196988 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |