JP2009150954A - Toner for image formation - Google Patents

Toner for image formation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2009150954A
JP2009150954A JP2007326826A JP2007326826A JP2009150954A JP 2009150954 A JP2009150954 A JP 2009150954A JP 2007326826 A JP2007326826 A JP 2007326826A JP 2007326826 A JP2007326826 A JP 2007326826A JP 2009150954 A JP2009150954 A JP 2009150954A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
image forming
resin
toner base
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2007326826A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masayuki Ishii
雅之 石井
Takuya Seshimo
卓弥 瀬下
Yuji Yamashita
裕士 山下
Fuyuhiko Matsumoto
冬彦 松本
Masaki Yoshino
正樹 吉野
Tomoko Kino
知子 木野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP2007326826A priority Critical patent/JP2009150954A/en
Publication of JP2009150954A publication Critical patent/JP2009150954A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the performances of a toner by improving a rough part on a toner base particle surface produced inevitably by a manufacturing method, by smoothing the toner base particle surface with a resin which softens and plasticizes by mechanical shear; to substantially avoid the occurrence of the problem that performances as an electrophotographic toner are liable to deteriorated and it becomes difficult to expect a long lifetime in such a state that constituents, such as wax and pigment, to be included in the toner are exposed on a toner particle surface, by using a method by which a toner base particle surface is coated with a resin film; to reduce difference in charging property and difference in developing property among cyan, magenta, yellow and black toners by forming the resin film because charging property of a toner base depends largely on surface materials; and to improve performances against such phenomena that preservability deterioration due to materials, such as pigment, wax and dispersant, to be included in the toner and performance deterioration under environmental conditions, such as high temperature and high humidity/low temperature and low humidity. <P>SOLUTION: There is provided a toner for image formation comprising a toner base particle including at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent and an external additive, wherein the toner has a resin film part formed by resin powder into a film on at least a part on the toner base particle surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、画像形成用トナー、これを用いた画像形成方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming toner and an image forming method using the same.

従来より静電潜像現像用トナー用途として、数nm〜数十nmの微粒子外添剤が用いられており、特に近年では大粒径シリカに代表される大粒径粒子を添加剤として用いられ始めている。大粒径シリカに期待される機能要素は外部からの負荷、ストレスに対しその大粒径シリカが付着しているトナー母体粒子内部への添加剤埋没を防ぐことであり、外添剤の粒子径による観点からのみその機能性を語られることが多かった。例えば特許文献1の特開平7−28276号公報には、二成分系カラートナーに、最大体積分布粒径が50〜150nmの大粒径無機微粒子外添剤と、最大体積分布粒径が10〜50nmの小粒径無機微粒子外添剤を併用することが記載され、特許文献2の特開平9−319134号公報には、数平均粒径が0.05〜0.5μmの微粒子外添剤を用いたトナーによりトナー像転写効率を向上させることが記載され、特許文献3の特開平10−312089号公報には、シリコーンオイルで疎水化処理され一次粒子の平均粒径が30〜300nmの微粒子外添剤で、トナー粒子表面を被覆率30%以上被覆したフルカラートナーが記載され、特許文献4の特開平11−174727号公報には、外添剤としては数nm〜数十nmの微粒子が用いられており、外添剤微粒子の大部分は一次粒子として存在しているが、数個〜数百個の凝集体として存在するものがある点を改善するため、イソシアネートシラン化合物とシリコーンオイルとを含む表面処理剤で外添剤微粒子を処理して、粗大粒子の存在を回避することが記載されている。   Conventionally, fine particle external additives of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers have been used as electrostatic latent image developing toners, and in recent years, large particle diameters typified by large particle diameter silica have been used as additives. I'm starting. The functional element expected for the large particle size silica is to prevent the additive particles from being buried inside the toner base particles to which the large particle size silica adheres to external loads and stresses. The functionality was often told only from the viewpoint of. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-28276 of Patent Document 1 discloses a two-component color toner having a large particle size inorganic fine particle external additive having a maximum volume distribution particle size of 50 to 150 nm and a maximum volume distribution particle size of 10 to 10. It is described that an inorganic fine particle external additive having a small particle size of 50 nm is used in combination, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-319134 discloses a fine particle external additive having a number average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 μm. JP-A-10-312089 of JP-A-10-312089 describes that toner image transfer efficiency is improved by the used toner. A full color toner having a toner particle surface of 30% or more coated with an additive is described. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-174727 of Patent Document 4 uses fine particles of several nm to several tens of nm as external additives. In order to improve the fact that most of the external additive fine particles are present as primary particles but are present as several to several hundred aggregates, an isocyanate silane compound and a silicone oil are added. It is described that the external additive fine particles are treated with a surface treatment agent to avoid the presence of coarse particles.

上市されている球形大粒径粒子外添剤を用いたトナーを作製し、実機を模した試験装置にて外部より負荷を加えたところ、その球形大粒径シリカの形状的特徴から、外部負荷、ストレスに対しトナー粒子表面を転がり移動する現象が観察されており、大粒径シリカ添加量が少ない場合に、その傾向が特に顕著となり、添加剤のトナー粒子中への埋没を防止するという添加目的が必ずしも達成されていないことが我々の検討実験で判明した。
特にトナー母体の製造法により、トナー母体粒子表面に微細な凹凸が存在するトナーにおいては、それらの凹凸部、特に凹部に外添剤が移動、溜まりこみ、外添剤としての機能を発揮しないといった現象が我々の検討で観察された。
When a toner using a commercially available spherical large particle size external additive was prepared and a load was applied from the outside using a test apparatus that imitated an actual machine, the external load was determined by the shape characteristics of the spherical large particle size silica. In addition, the phenomenon of rolling and moving on the surface of the toner particles in response to stress has been observed, and this tendency becomes particularly significant when the amount of silica added to the large particle size is small, and the addition of preventing the additive from being embedded in the toner particles Our study showed that the objective was not always achieved.
In particular, in a toner in which fine irregularities exist on the surface of the toner base particles due to the method for producing the toner base, the external additive moves and accumulates in those irregularities, particularly the concaves, and the function as an external additive is not exhibited. The phenomenon was observed in our study.

このようなトナー粒子表面での転がり現象による粒子内部への埋没を防ぐために添加量を多くし、外部からの負荷を受ける粒子数を増やすことで転動現象に対しての効果を持たせるといったアプローチが考えられる。この方法では、確かに外部負荷に対して一定の効果を示すが、トナー粒子表面で外添剤粒子が転動する現象そのものを抑制しているわけではないため、現像器内のストレス、摺擦等により大粒径シリカがトナー粒子表面より脱離し遊離状態となる場合がある。これらの遊離外添剤は、感光体表面にトナーが現像される際にトナーと共に感光体に移行し、転写後も感光体表面にとどまり、クリーニングされずに感光体表面に付着することがしばしば認められる。これらの遊離外添剤が感光体表面に蓄積されると、コピー上の画質欠陥の原因(フィルミング、その他)となったり、感光体表面にキズをつけることがしばしば見られ、感光体の寿命を短くする原因となっている。   An approach to increase the amount added to prevent the embedding inside the particle due to the rolling phenomenon on the surface of the toner particle, and to increase the number of particles subjected to external load to have an effect on the rolling phenomenon Can be considered. Although this method certainly has a certain effect on the external load, it does not suppress the phenomenon of the external additive particles rolling on the toner particle surface, so that stress and rubbing in the developing device are not suppressed. In some cases, the silica having a large particle size may be detached from the surface of the toner particles and become free. It is often recognized that these free external additives migrate to the photoreceptor together with the toner when the toner is developed on the photoreceptor surface, remain on the photoreceptor surface after transfer, and adhere to the photoreceptor surface without being cleaned. It is done. When these free external additives accumulate on the surface of the photoconductor, they often cause image quality defects on the copy (filming, etc.) or scratch the photoconductor surface. Is a cause of shortening.

また、現像時に現像機からこぼれ落ちて複写機内を汚染するという問題もある。あるいは、現像剤中のキャリア表面に付着しキャリアとトナー間での電荷授受を阻害し、結果としてトナーの帯電を低下させる一要因となる。   Further, there is a problem that the image is spilled from the developing machine during development and contaminates the inside of the copying machine. Alternatively, it adheres to the surface of the carrier in the developer, impedes charge transfer between the carrier and the toner, and as a result, decreases the toner charge.

あるいは添加混合時に強いシェアをかけ、大粒径シリカを母体表面に固定することによるアプローチ(特許文献5:特開2001−066820号公報)が提案されているがトナー表面に微細な凹凸を存在させた重合トナー母体を用いた場合には、必ずしもこの手法は有効ではなく、強いシェアにより凹凸の凹部へ粒子が混合時に移動し、トナー母体表面上の機能しない部位に留まってしまう問題がある。
特許文献6の特開2007−156099号公報には、トナーの小粒径化要請が強まるなかで、外添剤のトナー粒子中への埋没によるトナーの流動性低下に対処し、かつ過剰外添剤のトナーからの遊離を防ぐため、小粒径トナーに対する疎水性外添剤の添加率と両粒子のサイズとの関係を、Sn+0.7ΣSn×Xn<St<Sm+0.9ΣSn×Xn(ここで、Smはトナー粒子の比表面積、Snは疎水性疎水性外添剤微粒子の比表面積、Xnは疎水性外添剤微粒子のトナー母体に対する添加率、nは外添剤の種類)の範囲とすることが記載されている。
Alternatively, an approach (Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-0666820) in which a large share is applied during addition and mixing and the large particle size silica is fixed to the base surface has been proposed. In the case of using a polymerized toner base, this method is not always effective, and there is a problem that particles move to the concave and convex recesses when mixed due to a strong shear and remain in a non-functional part on the surface of the toner base.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-156099 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-156099 deals with a decrease in toner fluidity due to the embedding of an external additive in the toner particles in response to an increasing demand for toner particle size reduction, and excessive external addition. In order to prevent the release of the agent from the toner, the relationship between the addition rate of the hydrophobic external additive to the small particle size toner and the size of both particles is expressed as Sn + 0.7ΣSn × Xn <St <Sm + 0.9ΣSn × Xn (where Sm is the specific surface area of the toner particles, Sn is the specific surface area of the hydrophobic hydrophobic external additive fine particles, Xn is the addition ratio of the hydrophobic external additive fine particles to the toner base, and n is the type of external additive). Is described.

特開平7−28276号公報JP-A-7-28276 特開平9−319134号公報JP-A-9-319134 特開平10−312089号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-312089 特開平11−174727号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-174727 特開2001−066820号公報JP 2001-0666820 A 特開2007−156099号公報JP 2007-156099 A

このような問題に対し、製造方法上生じるトナー母体粒子表面上の微細な凹凸部を、機械的シェアにより軟化し塑化する樹脂を用いてトナー母体粒子表面を滑らかにすることにより、改善し、トナーの性能を向上させようというのが本発明である。また、トナーに内包されるべきWAX、顔料といった構成成分がトナー粒子表面に露出しているような状態では、電子写真用トナーとしての性能が損なわれ易く、長期の寿命といったものが期待が難しくなる。しかし本発明による手法を用いることで、トナー母体粒子の表面が樹脂により被膜されるため、そのような問題を生じ難くなり、またトナー母体の帯電性も表面の物質による支配力が強いため膜化させることにより、シアン、マゼンタ、イエロー、ブラックの帯電性の違いを抑え、現像特性差の違いを抑えやすくなり、また、顔料、ワックス、分散剤といったトナーに内包されるべき物質による保存保管性の悪化、高温高湿/低温低湿といった環境条件下での性能低下といった現象に対しても性能の向上が達成できる。   For such problems, the fine irregularities on the surface of the toner base particles generated by the production method are improved by smoothing the surface of the toner base particles using a resin that is softened and plasticized by mechanical shear, The present invention is to improve the toner performance. In addition, in a state where components such as WAX and pigment to be included in the toner are exposed on the surface of the toner particles, the performance as an electrophotographic toner is likely to be impaired, and it is difficult to expect a long life. . However, by using the method according to the present invention, since the surface of the toner base particles is coated with a resin, it is difficult to cause such a problem, and the chargeability of the toner base is also strongly controlled by the surface material, so that the film is formed. This makes it possible to suppress differences in chargeability between cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, making it easier to suppress differences in development characteristics, and storage and storage by substances that should be included in the toner, such as pigments, waxes, and dispersants. Improvement in performance can be achieved even for phenomena such as deterioration and deterioration in performance under environmental conditions such as high temperature and high humidity / low temperature and low humidity.

前記課題を解決するための手段は、以下のとおりである。
(1)「少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤及び離型剤を含有するトナー母体粒子と外部添加剤とからなる画像形成用トナーにおいて、該トナー母体粒子表面上の少なくとも一部に、樹脂粉体を膜化してなる樹脂膜部分を有することを特徴とする画像形成用トナー」、
(2)「前記樹脂粉体は、ガラス転移温度が70℃以上のものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項に記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(3)「機械的作用力により樹脂粉体がトナー母体粒子表面上に膜化されたものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項又は前記第(2)項に記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(4)「前記膜化前後で、トナー母体粒子の比表面積が10%以上減少したものであることを特徴とする前記第(3)項に記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(5)「前記トナー母体が、活性水素基を有する化合物と反応可能な変性ポリエステル系樹脂からなるトナー結着樹脂材料を含むトナー組成分を、有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させ、次いで該溶解又は分散物を、樹脂微粒子を含む水系媒体中で分散させ、活性水素基を有する化合物と前記変性ポリエステル系樹脂を反応させ、得られた分散液から溶媒を除去して得られたものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(4)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(6)「前記トナー粒子母体が、溶融混練・粉砕法によって得られたものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(4)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(7)「前記外部添加剤として、2種以上の外部添加剤を含有することを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(6)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(8)「前記外部添加剤として、B.E.T比表面積が20〜300m/gの外部添加剤を少なくとも一種含有することを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(6)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(9)「前記外部添加剤が、シリカ、チタン化合物、アルミナ、酸化セリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグウネシウム、リン酸カルシウム、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子、シリカ含有樹脂微粒子、および窒素含有樹脂微粒子からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(6)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成トナー」、
(10)「前記チタン化合物が、湿式法で作製されたTiO(OH)2の一部もしくは全部を、シラン化合物またはシリコーンオイルと反応させて得られるチタン化合物であることを特徴とする前記第(9)項に記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(11)「前記チタン化合物が、比重2.8〜3.6のチタン化合物であることを特徴とする前記第(9)項に記載の画像形成用トナー」、
(12)「前記第(1)項乃至第(11)項のいずれかに記載のトナーとキャリアとからなる二成分現像剤」、
(13)「前記第(1)項乃至第(11)項のいずれかに記載のトナーを用いる画像形成方法」、
(14)「感光体及び現像手段を含み、帯電手段、クリーニング手段より選ばれる少なくとも1つの手段を含んでいてもよい各手段を一体に支持し、画像形成装置本体と着脱自在であるプロセスカートリッジにおいて、該現像手段はトナーを保持し、、該トナーは、前記第(1)項乃至第(11)項のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナーであることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ」。
Means for solving the above-mentioned problems are as follows.
(1) “In an image forming toner comprising toner base particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive, resin powder is applied to at least a part of the surface of the toner base particles. An image forming toner characterized by having a resin film portion formed into a film ",
(2) "The image forming toner according to item (1), wherein the resin powder has a glass transition temperature of 70 ° C or higher",
(3) “For image formation according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the resin powder is formed into a film on the surface of the toner base particles by mechanical action force. toner",
(4) “Image forming toner according to item (3), wherein the specific surface area of the toner base particles is reduced by 10% or more before and after the film formation”,
(5) “Toner composition containing a toner binder resin material comprising a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with a compound having an active hydrogen group as the toner base is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, and then dissolved or dispersed. It is obtained by dispersing the dispersion in an aqueous medium containing resin fine particles, reacting the compound having active hydrogen groups with the modified polyester resin, and removing the solvent from the resulting dispersion. The image forming toner according to any one of (1) to (4),
(6) “Image forming toner according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the toner particle matrix is obtained by a melt-kneading / pulverizing method” ,
(7) “Image forming toner according to any one of items (1) to (6), wherein the external additive contains two or more external additives”;
(8) In any one of the above items (1) to (6), wherein the external additive contains at least one external additive having a BET specific surface area of 20 to 300 m 2 / g. Image forming toner ",
(9) “The external additive is selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium compound, alumina, cerium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, fluorine-containing resin particles, silica-containing resin particles, and nitrogen-containing resin particles. The image-forming toner according to any one of (1) to (6) above,
(10) “The titanium compound is a titanium compound obtained by reacting a part or all of TiO (OH) 2 prepared by a wet method with a silane compound or a silicone oil. The toner for forming an image according to item 9),
(11) “Image forming toner according to item (9), wherein the titanium compound is a titanium compound having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 3.6”,
(12) “Two-component developer comprising toner and carrier according to any one of items (1) to (11)”,
(13) "Image forming method using toner according to any one of items (1) to (11)",
(14) In a process cartridge that includes a photosensitive member and a developing unit, and that integrally supports each unit that may include at least one unit selected from a charging unit and a cleaning unit, and is detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus. The developing means holds toner, and the toner is the image forming toner according to any one of (1) to (11).

以下の詳細且つ具体的な説明より明らかなように、本発明により、トナー母体に、一定条件を満たす樹脂微粒子を添加混合して、その表面に対し、該樹脂を膜化することにより、保存性とクリーニング性と画像品質、耐久性を両立させた静電潜像現像用トナーの作製が可能となる。   As will be apparent from the following detailed and specific description, according to the present invention, resin fine particles satisfying a certain condition are added to and mixed with a toner base, and the resin is formed into a film on the surface, thereby preserving stability. In addition, it is possible to produce a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image having both cleaning properties, image quality, and durability.

以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
本発明における、トナー母体粒子表面への樹脂粉末(微粒子)の膜化は、トナー母体粒子の性質、樹脂粉末(微粒子)材料の性質(特に、両粒子材料の硬度やTg等の熱的性質、親和性や相溶性等)、混合条件等にもよるので、一概に云えないが、トナー母体粒子としては、一般的に45〜55℃前後のTgを有し個数平均粒径が3.8〜8.0μmの範囲にあるもの、特にポリエステル系樹脂を主体にしたものであることが好ましい。被膜化する樹脂と、トナー母体樹脂間のTgが近くなると、あまり好ましい結果が得られない場合があり、また膜化した材料はトナー最表面に存在することから保存安定、トナーとしての使用された際の摺擦などを考えると、単に膜化性だけを考えて低Tgのものを使用する訳にはいかない。
本発明におけるトナーは、粉砕法によるものであっても、また、重合法によるものであってもよい。
そして、このポリエステル系トナー結着樹脂は、重合法によるものであるときは、例えば、活性水素基を有する化合物と、活性水素基と反応可能な変性ポリエステル系樹脂からなるトナー結着樹脂材料を含むトナー組成分を、有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させ、次いで該溶解又は分散物を、樹脂微粒子を含む水系媒体中で液滴状に分散させつつ/又は分散後に、活性水素基を有する化合物と前記変性ポリエステル系樹脂を反応させ、得られた分散液から溶媒を除去して得られたものであることが好ましい。
また、粉砕法によるときは、少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤及び離型剤を、溶融混練し、粉砕・分級して得られたものであることが好ましい。
The present invention will be specifically described below.
In the present invention, film formation of the resin powder (fine particles) on the surface of the toner base particles is performed by properties of the toner base particles, properties of the resin powder (fine particles) (particularly thermal properties such as hardness and Tg of both particle materials, The toner base particles generally have a Tg of about 45 to 55 ° C. and a number average particle size of 3.8 to 3.8. It is preferable that the resin is in the range of 8.0 μm, particularly a polyester resin. When the Tg between the resin to form a film and the toner base resin is close, there may be cases where a favorable result may not be obtained, and since the filmed material exists on the outermost surface of the toner, it is storage stable and used as a toner. Considering the rubbing at the time, it is not possible to use a low Tg material simply considering the film-forming property.
The toner in the present invention may be a pulverization method or a polymerization method.
When this polyester-based toner binder resin is based on a polymerization method, for example, it includes a toner binder resin material composed of a compound having an active hydrogen group and a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with the active hydrogen group. The toner composition is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, and then the dissolved or dispersed material is dispersed in the form of droplets in an aqueous medium containing resin fine particles and / or after dispersion, the compound having an active hydrogen group and the above-mentioned It is preferably obtained by reacting a modified polyester resin and removing the solvent from the obtained dispersion.
Further, when the pulverization method is used, it is preferable to obtain at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent by melt-kneading, pulverizing and classifying.

また、膜化される樹脂微粒子としては、一般的に70℃〜120℃のTgを有し、真比重0.8〜2.0g/cmの範囲にあるものが好ましい。外添剤として、2種以上の外部添加剤を含有することができ、かつ好ましい。うち少なくとも一種は、B.E.T比表面積が20〜300m/gの外部添加剤であることが、流動性付与、帯電性付与という観点から、更に好ましい。被膜化する樹脂と、トナー母体樹脂間のTgが近くなると、あまり好ましい結果が得られない場合があり、また膜化した材料はトナー最表面に存在することから保存安定、トナーとしての使用された際の摺擦などを考えると、単に膜化性だけを考えて低Tgのものを使用する訳にはいかない。
このような外添剤としては、シリカ、チタン化合物、アルミナ、酸化セリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグウネシウム、リン酸カルシウム、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子、シリカ含有樹脂微粒子、および窒素含有樹脂微粒子からなる群から選ばれたものが挙げられる。
そして、前記チタン化合物としては、湿式法で作製されたTiO(OH)2の一部もしくは全部を、シラン化合物またはシリコーンオイルと反応させて得られるチタン化合物が好ましい。
このようなチタン化合物例としては、比重2.8〜3.6のチタン化合物が好ましく挙げられる。
トナー母体粒子に対する樹脂微粒子の混合割合は重量比で0.5〜3.0wt%の範囲であることが好ましい。
In addition, the resin fine particles to be formed into a film preferably have a Tg of 70 ° C. to 120 ° C. and a true specific gravity of 0.8 to 2.0 g / cm 3 . As the external additive, two or more kinds of external additives can be contained and are preferable. Of these, at least one is preferably an external additive having a BET specific surface area of 20 to 300 m 2 / g from the viewpoint of imparting fluidity and imparting chargeability. When the Tg between the resin to form a film and the toner base resin is close, there may be cases where a favorable result may not be obtained, and since the filmed material exists on the outermost surface of the toner, it is storage stable and used as a toner. Considering the rubbing at the time, it is not possible to use the one having a low Tg simply considering the film-forming property.
Such external additives are selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium compounds, alumina, cerium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, fluorine-containing resin fine particles, silica-containing resin fine particles, and nitrogen-containing resin fine particles. Is mentioned.
And as said titanium compound, the titanium compound obtained by making a part or all of TiO (OH) 2 produced with the wet method react with a silane compound or silicone oil is preferable.
As an example of such a titanium compound, a titanium compound having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 3.6 is preferable.
The mixing ratio of the resin fine particles to the toner base particles is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 wt% by weight.

膜化のための両者の混合攪拌は、回転式の混合機で25m/sec〜40m/sec程度の周速度で、10min〜40min時間混合処理することにより簡単確実に達成することができる。膜化前後で、トナー母体粒子の比表面積がどの程度減少したかにより、膜化を確実に確認することができる。膜化前後で、トナー母体粒子の比表面積が10%以上減少することが好ましい。   The mixing and stirring of the two for film formation can be easily and reliably achieved by carrying out the mixing treatment for 10 min to 40 min at a peripheral speed of about 25 m / sec to 40 m / sec with a rotary mixer. The film formation can be confirmed reliably depending on how much the specific surface area of the toner base particles has decreased before and after the film formation. It is preferable that the specific surface area of the toner base particles is reduced by 10% or more before and after film formation.

以下、実施例を用いて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。なお、本発明の形態はこれに限定されるものではない。また部および%は重量基準である。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. Parts and% are based on weight.

[現像剤の作製]
先ず、本実施例に用いられるトナー、キャリア、これらより成る2成分現像剤について説明する。
実施例に使用するトナーは以下に説明する工法により作製した。
[Production of developer]
First, the toner, carrier, and two-component developer composed of these used in this embodiment will be described.
The toner used in the examples was prepared by the method described below.

〜有機微粒子エマルションの合成〜
撹拌棒および温度計をセットした反応容器に、水683部、メタクリル酸エチレンオキサイド付加物硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩(エレミノールRS−30、三洋化成工業製)11部、スチレン83部、メタクリル酸83部、アクリル酸ブチル110部、過硫酸アンモニウム1部を仕込み、400回転/分で15分間撹拌したところ、白色の乳濁液が得られた。加熱して、系内温度75℃まで昇温し5時間反応させた。さらに、1%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液30部加え、75℃で5時間熟成してビニル系樹脂(スチレン−メタクリル酸−アクリル酸ブチル−メタクリル酸エチレンオキサイド付加物硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩の共重合体)の水性分散液[微粒子分散液1]を得た。[微粒子分散液1]をLA−920で測定した重量平均粒径は、105nmであった。[微粒子分散液1]の一部を乾燥して樹脂分を単離した。該樹脂分のTgは59℃であり、重量平均分子量は15万であった。
~ Synthesis of organic fine particle emulsion ~
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 683 parts of water, 11 parts of sodium salt of ethylene oxide methacrylate adduct sulfate (Eleminol RS-30, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries), 83 parts of styrene, 83 parts of methacrylic acid, When 110 parts of butyl acrylate and 1 part of ammonium persulfate were added and stirred at 400 rpm for 15 minutes, a white emulsion was obtained. The system was heated to raise the system temperature to 75 ° C. and reacted for 5 hours. Further, 30 parts of a 1% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was aged at 75 ° C. for 5 hours, and an aqueous vinyl resin (a copolymer of styrene-methacrylic acid-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid ethylene oxide adduct sulfate sodium salt). A dispersion [fine particle dispersion 1] was obtained. The weight average particle diameter of the [fine particle dispersion 1] measured by LA-920 was 105 nm. A portion of [Fine Particle Dispersion 1] was dried to isolate the resin component. The resin content had a Tg of 59 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight of 150,000.

〜水相の調整〜
水990部、[微粒子分散液1]83部、ドデシルジフェニルエーテルジスルホン酸ナトリウムの48.5%水溶液(エレミノールMON−7):三洋化成工業製)37部、酢酸エチル90部を混合撹拌し、乳白色の液体を得た。これを[水相1]とする。
-Adjustment of aqueous phase-
990 parts of water, 83 parts of [fine particle dispersion 1], 37 parts of a 48.5% aqueous solution of dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (Eleminol MON-7): manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. and 90 parts of ethyl acetate were mixed and stirred. A liquid was obtained. This is designated as [Aqueous Phase 1].

〜低分子ポリエステルの合成〜
冷却管、撹拌機および窒素導入管の付いた反応容器中に、ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド2モル付加物229部、ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド3モル付加物529部、テレフタル酸208部、アジピン酸46部およびジブチルチンオキサイド2部を入れ、常圧で230℃で8時間反応し、さらに10〜15mmHgの減圧で5時聞反応した後、反応容器に無水トリメリット酸44部を入れ、180℃、常圧で2時間反応し、[低分子ポリエステル1]を得た。[低分子ポリエステル1〕は、数平均分子量2500、重量平均分子量6700、Tg43℃、酸価25であった。
~ Synthesis of low molecular weight polyester ~
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, stirrer and nitrogen inlet tube, 229 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 529 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 3-mole adduct, 208 parts terephthalic acid, 46 parts adipic acid and dibutyl Add 2 parts of tin oxide, react for 8 hours at 230 ° C. under normal pressure, and further react for 5 hours under reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg. The mixture was reacted for 2 hours to obtain [Low molecular weight polyester 1]. [Low molecular polyester 1] had a number average molecular weight of 2500, a weight average molecular weight of 6700, a Tg of 43 ° C., and an acid value of 25.

〜中間体ポリエステルおよびプレポリマーの合成〜
冷却管、撹拌機および窒索導入管の付いた反応容器中に、ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド2モル付加物682部、ビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド2モル付加物81部、テレフタル酸283部、無水トリメリット酸22部およびジブチルチンオキサイド2部を入れ、常圧で230℃で8時間反応し、さらに10〜15mmHgの減圧で5時間反応した[中間体ポリエステル1]を得た。[中間体ポリエステル1]は、数平均分子量2100、重量平均分子量9500、Tg55℃、酸価0.5、水酸基価51であった。
次に、冷却管、撹拌機および窒素導入管の付いた反応容器中に、[中間体ポリエステル1]410部、イソホロンジイソシアネート89部、酢酸エチル500部を入れ100℃で5時間反応し、[プレポリマー1]を得た。[プレポリマー1]の遊離イソシアネート重量%は、1.53%であった。
~ Synthesis of intermediate polyester and prepolymer ~
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling pipe, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction pipe, 682 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 81 parts of bisphenol A propylene oxide 2-mole adduct, 283 parts of terephthalic acid, trimellitic anhydride 22 And 2 parts of dibutyltin oxide were added, reacted at 230 ° C. for 8 hours at normal pressure, and further reacted for 5 hours at a reduced pressure of 10 to 15 mmHg to obtain [Intermediate Polyester 1]. [Intermediate Polyester 1] had a number average molecular weight of 2,100, a weight average molecular weight of 9,500, Tg of 55 ° C., an acid value of 0.5, and a hydroxyl value of 51.
Next, 410 parts of [Intermediate polyester 1], 89 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and 500 parts of ethyl acetate are placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling pipe, a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction pipe, and reacted at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. Polymer 1] was obtained. [Prepolymer 1] had a free isocyanate weight% of 1.53%.

〜ケチミンの合成〜
撹拌棒および温度計をセットした反応容器に、イソホロンジアミン170部とメチルエチルケトン75部を仕込み、50℃で5時間反応を行い、[ケチミン化合物1]を得た。[ケチミン化合物1]のアミン価は418であった。
~ Synthesis of ketimine ~
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 170 parts of isophoronediamine and 75 parts of methyl ethyl ketone were charged and reacted at 50 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain [ketimine compound 1]. The amine value of [ketimine compound 1] was 418.

〜マスターバッチの合成〜
水35部、フタロシアニン顔料(東洋インキ、FG7351)40部、 ポリエステル樹脂(三洋化成製、RS801)60部をヘンシェルミキサー(三井鉱山社製)で混合し、混合物を2本ロールを用いて150℃で30分混練後、圧延冷却しパルペライザーで粉砕、[マスターバッチ1]を得た。
~ Master batch synthesis ~
35 parts of water, 40 parts of phthalocyanine pigment (Toyo Ink, FG7351), 60 parts of a polyester resin (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei, RS801) are mixed with a Henschel mixer (manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), and the mixture is used at 150 ° C. using two rolls. After kneading for 30 minutes, it was rolled and cooled, and pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain [Masterbatch 1].

〜油相の作成〜
撹拌棒および温度計をセットした容器に、[低分子ポリエステル1]378部、カルナバWAX11O部、CCA(サリチル酸金属錯体E−84:オリエント化学工業)22部、酢酸エチル947部を仕込み、撹拌下80℃に昇温し、80℃のまま5時間保持した後、1時問で30℃に冷却した。次いで容器に[マスターバッチ1]500部、酢酸エチル500部を仕込み、1時間混合し[原料溶解液1]を得た。
[原料溶解液1]1324部を容器に移し、ビーズミル(ウルトラビスコミル、アイメックス社製)を用いて、送液速度1kg/hr、ディスク周速度6m/秒、0.5mmジルコニアビーズを80体積%充填、3パスの条件で、カーボンブラック、WAXの分散を行った。次いで、[低分子ポリエステル1]の65%酢酸エチル溶液1324部加え、上記条件のビーズミルで1パスし、[顔料・WAX分散液1]を得た。[顔料・WAX分散液1]の固形分濃度(130℃、30分)は50%であった。
~ Creation of oil phase ~
In a container equipped with a stir bar and a thermometer, 378 parts of [Low molecular weight polyester 1], Carnauba WAX11O part, 22 parts of CCA (salicylic acid metal complex E-84: Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.), 947 parts of ethyl acetate were charged and stirred under 80 parts. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., kept at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, and then cooled to 30 ° C. over 1 hour. Next, 500 parts of [Masterbatch 1] and 500 parts of ethyl acetate were placed in a container and mixed for 1 hour to obtain [Raw material solution 1].
[Raw material solution 1] 1324 parts are transferred to a container, and using a bead mill (Ultra Visco Mill, manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.), a liquid feeding speed of 1 kg / hr, a disk peripheral speed of 6 m / sec, and 0.5 mm zirconia beads are 80 vol% Carbon black and WAX were dispersed under conditions of filling and 3 passes. Next, 1324 parts of a 65% ethyl acetate solution of [low molecular weight polyester 1] was added, followed by one pass with a bead mill under the above conditions to obtain [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1]. The solid content concentration of [Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] (130 ° C., 30 minutes) was 50%.

〜乳化〜
[顔料・WAX分散液1]648部、[プレポリマー1]を154部、[ケチミン化合物1]6.6部を容器に入れ、TKホモミキサー(特殊機化製)で5,000rpmで1分間混合した後、容器に[水相1]1200部を加え、TKホモミキサーで、回転数13,000rpmで20分間混合し[乳化スラリー1]を得た。
~ Emulsification ~
[Pigment / WAX Dispersion 1] 648 parts, [Prepolymer 1] 154 parts, [Ketimine Compound 1] 6.6 parts in a container, and TK homomixer (made by Tokushu Kika) at 5,000 rpm for 1 minute After mixing, 1200 parts of [Aqueous phase 1] was added to the container, and mixed with a TK homomixer at 13,000 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain [Emulsion slurry 1].

〜形状制御〜
イオン交換水、活性剤、増粘剤を適宜な割合で容器に入れて攪拌した水溶液に、[乳化スラリー1]を混合し、TKホモミキサー(特殊機化製)で2,000rpmで1時間混合し[形状制御スラリー1]を得た。
~ Shape control ~
[Emulsified slurry 1] is mixed in an aqueous solution in which ion-exchanged water, activator, and thickener are put in a container at an appropriate ratio and stirred, and mixed at 2,000 rpm for 1 hour with a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika). [Shape control slurry 1] was obtained.

〜脱溶剤〜
撹拌機および温度計をセットした容器に、[形状制御スラリー1]を投入し、30℃で8時間脱溶剤した後、45℃で4時間熟成を行い、[分散スラリー1]を得た。
~ Solvent removal ~
[Shape control slurry 1] was put into a container equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and after removing the solvent at 30 ° C. for 8 hours, aging was carried out at 45 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain [Dispersion slurry 1].

〜洗浄⇒乾燥〜
[分散スラリー1]100部を減圧濾過した後、
(1):濾過ケーキにイオン交換水100部を加え、TKホモミキサーで混合(回転数12,000rpmで10分間)した後濾過した。
(2):(1)の濾過ケーキに10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液100部を加え、TKホモミキサーで混合(回転数12,000rpmで30分間)した後、減圧濾過した。
(3):(2)の濾過ケーキに10%塩酸100部を加え、TKホモミキサーで混合(回転数12,000rpmで10分間)した後濾過した。
(4):(3)の濾過ケーキにイオン交換水300部を加え、TKホモミキサーで混合(回転数12,000rpmで10分間)した後濾過する操作を2回行い[濾過ケーキ1]を得た。
[濾過ケーキ1]を循風乾燥機にて45℃で48時間乾燥し、目開き75μmメッシュで篩い、最終的な[トナー母体粒子A]を得た。
~ Washing⇒Drying ~
[Dispersion Slurry 1] After filtering 100 parts under reduced pressure,
(1): 100 parts of ion-exchanged water was added to the filter cake, mixed with a TK homomixer (rotation speed: 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes), and then filtered.
(2): 100 parts of a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to the filter cake of (1), mixed with a TK homomixer (30 minutes at 12,000 rpm), and then filtered under reduced pressure.
(3): 100 parts of 10% hydrochloric acid was added to the filter cake of (2), mixed with a TK homomixer (rotation speed: 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes), and then filtered.
(4): Add 300 parts of ion-exchanged water to the filter cake of (3), mix with a TK homomixer (10 minutes at 12,000 rpm) and then filter twice to obtain [Filter cake 1]. It was.
[Filtration cake 1] was dried at 45 ° C. for 48 hours in a circulating drier, and sieved with a mesh having a mesh size of 75 μm to obtain final [toner base particles A].

以下の実施例及び比較例では、下記(A)〜(F)のいずれかの樹脂粉体(真比重=1,2)を使用した。
(A)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体A:Tg96℃、粒径0.15μm、140℃における溶融粘度12.0×10Pa・sec
(B)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体B:Tg85℃、粒径0.20μm、140℃における溶融粘度11.5×10Pa・sec
(C)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体C:Tg77℃、粒径0.15μm、140℃における溶融粘度7.8×10Pa・sec
(D)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体D:Tg65℃、粒径0.15μm、140℃における溶融粘度7.2×10Pa・sec
(E)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体E:Tg50℃、粒径0.15μm、140℃における溶融粘度5.8×10Pa・sec
(F)MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体F:Tg128℃、粒径0.15μm、140℃における溶融粘度15.2×10Pa・sec
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, any one of the following resin powders (A) to (F) (true specific gravity = 1, 2) was used.
(A) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder A: Tg 96 ° C., particle size 0.15 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 12.0 × 10 5 Pa · sec
(B) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder B: Tg 85 ° C., particle size 0.20 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 11.5 × 10 5 Pa · sec
(C) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder C: Tg 77 ° C., particle size 0.15 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 7.8 × 10 5 Pa · sec
(D) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder D: Tg 65 ° C., particle size 0.15 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 7.2 × 10 5 Pa · sec
(E) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder E: Tg 50 ° C., particle size 0.15 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 5.8 × 10 5 Pa · sec
(F) MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder F: Tg 128 ° C., particle size 0.15 μm, melt viscosity at 140 ° C. 15.2 × 10 5 Pa · sec

一方、本実施例、比較例に使用するキャリアは、フェライトコア材2500部に対し、シリコン樹脂溶液(信越化学社製)200部、カーボンブラック(キャボット社製)3部をトルエン中にて溶解分散させたコート液を流動層式スプレー法にて塗布し、コア材表面を被覆した後、300℃の電気炉で2時間焼成しシリコン樹脂コートキャリアを得た。なお、キャリア粒径については、粒径分布が比較的シャープで平均粒径が30〜60μmのもの使用するのが好ましく、本実施例、比較例においてもこれを使用した。   On the other hand, for the carrier used in this example and comparative example, 200 parts of a silicone resin solution (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical) and 3 parts of carbon black (manufactured by Cabot) are dissolved and dispersed in 2500 parts of a ferrite core material. The coated liquid was applied by a fluidized bed spray method to coat the surface of the core material, and then baked in an electric furnace at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a silicon resin coated carrier. As for the carrier particle size, it is preferable to use a carrier having a relatively sharp particle size distribution and an average particle size of 30 to 60 [mu] m, and this was also used in the present examples and comparative examples.

[実施例1]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Aを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合して膜化した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS(ヘキサメチルジシラザン)処理された大粒径シリカ粒子(BET表面積=25m/g)の0.5部、平均粒径が15nmの、イソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン(BET表面積=110m/g)0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ(BET表面積=200m/g)の1.0部、非ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーA]の作製を完了した。
[Example 1]
After 100 parts of [Mother toner particles A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder A are added and mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s to form a film. , 0.5 parts of HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) treated large particle size silica particles (BET surface area = 25 m 2 / g) with an average particle size of 92 nm, isobutyl treated hydrophobic with an average particle size of 15 nm 2 /G)0.8 parts of titanium oxide (BET surface area = 110m, 1.0 parts of a mean particle diameter 12nm hexamethyldisilazane treated hydrophobic silica (BET surface area = 200m 2 / g), the non-Henschel mixer The peripheral speed of the stirring blade was mixed at 20 m / s, and coarse powder and aggregates were removed using a 38-micron mesh mesh to complete the production of [Toner A].

[実施例2]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Bを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合して膜化した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS処理された大粒径シリカ粒子0.5部、平均粒径が15nmのイソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーB]の作製を完了した。
[Example 2]
After adding 100 parts of [toner base particle A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder B and mixing with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s to form a film. , 0.5 parts of HMDS-treated large particle diameter silica particles having an average particle diameter of 92 nm, 0.8 parts of isobutyl-treated hydrophobic titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 15 nm, and hexamethyldisilazane treatment having an average particle diameter of 12 nm 1.0 part of the hydrophobic silica was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s, and coarse particles and aggregates were removed using a 38 micron mesh. The production was completed.

[実施例3]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Cを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合して膜化した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS処理された大粒径シリカ粒子0.5部、平均粒径が15nmのイソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーC]の作製を完了した。
[Example 3]
After adding 100 parts of [toner base particle A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder C, the mixture was formed into a film by mixing with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s. , 0.5 parts of HMDS-treated large particle diameter silica particles having an average particle diameter of 92 nm, 0.8 parts of isobutyl-treated hydrophobic titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 15 nm, and hexamethyldisilazane treatment having an average particle diameter of 12 nm 1.0 part of the hydrophobic silica was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of a stirring blade of 20 m / s, and coarse powder and aggregates were removed using a 38-micron mesh. The production was completed.

[実施例4]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Dを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合して膜化した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS処理された大粒径シリカ粒子0.5部、平均粒径が15nmのイソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーD]の作製を完了した。
[Example 4]
After 100 parts of [Toner Base Particles A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA Copolymer Resin Powder D are added and mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s to form a film. , 0.5 parts of HMDS-treated large particle diameter silica particles having an average particle diameter of 92 nm, 0.8 parts of isobutyl-treated hydrophobic titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 15 nm, and hexamethyldisilazane treatment having an average particle diameter of 12 nm 1.0 part of the hydrophobic silica was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s, and coarse powder and aggregates were removed using a 38-micron mesh. The production was completed.

[比較例1]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Eを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合して膜化した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS処理された大粒径シリカ粒子0.5部、平均粒径が15nmのイソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーE]の作製を完了した。
[Comparative Example 1]
After adding 100 parts of [toner base particle A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder E and mixing with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s to form a film. , 0.5 parts of HMDS-treated large particle diameter silica particles having an average particle diameter of 92 nm, 0.8 parts of isobutyl-treated hydrophobic titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 15 nm, and hexamethyldisilazane treatment having an average particle diameter of 12 nm 1.0 part of the hydrophobic silica was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s, and coarse particles and aggregates were removed using a 38 micron mesh. The production was completed.

[比較例2]
[トナー母体粒子A]を100部に、MMA−BMA共重合体樹脂粉体Fを1.0部添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合した後、平均粒径が92nmのHMDS処理された大粒径シリカ粒子0.5部、平均粒径が15nmのイソブチル処理された疎水性酸化チタン0.8部、平均粒子径12nmのヘキサメチルジシラザン処理された疎水性シリカ1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーにて攪拌翼の周速が20m/sで混合、38ミクロンの目開きのメッシュを使用して粗大粉、凝集体を除去し[トナーF]の作製を完了した。
[Comparative Example 2]
After adding 100 parts of [toner base particle A] and 1.0 part of MMA-BMA copolymer resin powder F and mixing with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s, the average particle diameter Is 0.5 parts of HMDS-treated large particle size silica particles of 92 nm, 0.8 parts of isobutyl-treated hydrophobic titanium oxide having an average particle size of 15 nm, and hexamethyldisilazane-treated hydrophobic material having an average particle size of 12 nm 1.0 part of silica was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of the stirring blade of 20 m / s, and coarse powder and aggregates were removed using a 38-micron mesh, completing the production of [Toner F]. .

[画像形成装置]
実施例及び比較例で用いた画像形成装置の形態について説明する。
像担持体である感光体ドラムの周囲に近接、あるいは接触して、感光体ドラム上に一様な電荷を帯電させる帯電ローラ、感光体ドラム上に静電潜像を形成するための露光手段である露光装置、静電潜像を顕像化してトナ−像とする現像装置、トナー像を転写紙に転写する転写ベルト、感光体ドラム上の残留トナーを除去するクリーニング装置、感光体ドラム上の残電荷を除電する除電ランプ、帯電ローラ印加電圧及び現像のトナー濃度を制御するための光センサが配置されている。また、この現像装置にはトナー補給装置よりトナー補給口を介して実施例または比較例のトナーが補給される。作像動作は次のように行われる。感光体ドラムは反時計回転方向に回転する。感光体ドラムは除電光により除電され、表面電位が0〜−150Vの基準電位に平均化される。次に帯電ローラにより帯電され、表面電位が−1000V前後となる。次に露光装置で露光され、光が照射された部分(画像部)は表面電位が0〜−200Vとなる。現像装置によりスリーブ上のトナーが上記画像部分に付着する。トナー像が作られた感光体ドラムは回転移動し、給紙部より用紙先端部画像先端部とが転写ベルトで一致するようなタイミングで転写紙が送られ、転写ベルトで感光体ドラム表面のトナー像が転写紙に転写される。その後転写紙は定着部へ送られ、熱と圧力によりトナーが転写紙に融着されてコピーとして排出される。感光体ドラム上に残った残留トナーはクリーニング装置中のクリーニングブレードにより掻き落とされ、その後、感光体ドラムは除電光により残留電荷が除電されてトナーの無い初期状態となり、再び次の作像工程へ移る。
[Image forming apparatus]
The form of the image forming apparatus used in Examples and Comparative Examples will be described.
A charging roller for charging a uniform charge on the photosensitive drum in proximity to or in contact with the periphery of the photosensitive drum as an image bearing member, and an exposure means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum. A developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image into a toner image, a transfer belt that transfers a toner image onto transfer paper, a cleaning device that removes residual toner on the photosensitive drum, and a photosensitive drum A neutralizing lamp for neutralizing residual charges, a photosensor for controlling the charging roller applied voltage and developing toner density are arranged. In addition, the toner of the embodiment or the comparative example is supplied to the developing device from the toner supply device through the toner supply port. The image forming operation is performed as follows. The photosensitive drum rotates counterclockwise. The photosensitive drum is neutralized by neutralizing light, and the surface potential is averaged to a reference potential of 0 to -150V. Next, it is charged by the charging roller, and the surface potential becomes around -1000V. Next, the surface potential of the portion (image portion) that is exposed by the exposure apparatus and irradiated with light is 0 to −200V. The toner on the sleeve adheres to the image portion by the developing device. The photosensitive drum on which the toner image is formed rotates and moves, and the transfer paper is fed from the paper supply unit at a timing such that the front end of the image coincides with the front end of the image on the transfer belt. The image is transferred to transfer paper. Thereafter, the transfer sheet is sent to the fixing unit, and the toner is fused to the transfer sheet by heat and pressure and discharged as a copy. Residual toner remaining on the photosensitive drum is scraped off by a cleaning blade in the cleaning device, and then the residual charge is neutralized by the neutralizing light in the photosensitive drum to be in an initial state without toner, and again to the next image forming process. Move.

[評価項目]
上記画像形成装置において、実施例、比較例のトナー、および現像剤を用いて以下の項目を評価した。
[Evaluation item]
In the above image forming apparatus, the following items were evaluated using the toners and developers of Examples and Comparative Examples.

1)クリーニング性
クリーニング性は、温度/湿度=10℃/15%の試験室において、Ricoh製画像形成装置にて5000枚の通紙を行い、その後、白紙画像を通紙中に停止させ、クリーニング工程を通過した感光体上の転写残トナーをスコッチテープ(住友スリーエム(株)製)で白紙に移し、それをマクベス反射濃度計RD514型で測定し、ブランクとの差が0.01未満でクリーニング性良好なものを○、0.010〜0.02でクリーニング性良好ではないが許容なものを△、0.02を超えるものでクリーニング性不良なものを×として定量評価した。
1) Cleanability Cleanability is measured by passing 5000 sheets of paper through a Ricoh image forming apparatus in a test room where temperature / humidity = 10 ° C./15%, and then stopping the blank image through the paper. The transfer residual toner on the photoconductor passed through the process is transferred to a white paper with a scotch tape (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), measured with a Macbeth reflection densitometer RD514, and cleaned with a difference of less than 0.01 from the blank. Quantitative evaluation was made by ◯ indicating that the property was good, 0.010 to 0.02 and not being good cleaning property but Δ being acceptable, and × being exceeding 0.02 and poor cleaning property.

2)画像品質
画像品質は通紙後画像の画質品質劣化(具体的には転写不良、地汚れ画像発生)を総合的に判断した。転写不良は、Ricoh製画像形成装置にて5000枚の通紙を行い、その後黒ベタ画像を通紙させて、その画像の転写不良レベルを目視でランク付けして判断した。また、地肌汚れ画像については、Ricoh製画像形成装置にて5000枚の通紙を行い、その後、白紙画像を現像中に停止させ、現像後の感光体上の現像剤をテープ転写し、未転写のテープの画像濃度との差をスペクトロデンシトメーター(X−Rite社製)により測定して定量評価し、その差が0.30未満のものを○、0.30以上のものを×とした。これら2つを総合して画像品質が良好なものを○、画像品質良好ではないが許容なものを△、画像品質不良なものを×として評価した。
2) Image quality Image quality was comprehensively determined as image quality degradation (specifically, transfer failure and background image generation) of the image after passing paper. The transfer failure was judged by passing 5000 sheets through a Ricoh image forming apparatus and then passing a black solid image and visually ranking the transfer failure level of the image. As for the background stain image, 5000 sheets are passed through the Ricoh image forming apparatus, and then the blank image is stopped during the development, and the developer on the developed photoreceptor is tape-transferred and untransferred. The difference between the image density of the tape and the image density was measured with a spectrodensitometer (manufactured by X-Rite), and quantitative evaluation was made. . These two were evaluated as good when the image quality was good, ◯ when the image quality was not good but acceptable, and x when the image quality was poor.

3)耐ストレス耐久性
トナー 10g、キャリア(パウダーテック社製、TEFV23) 20gを50mlのスクリューバイアル中に入れ、ロッキングミル(セイワ技研社製)で振動数はMAXで60分間、振盪させる。この後キャリアとトナーを38μmの目開きの篩いにより分離して、ストレスを与えたトナーを得、トナーに残留している残留大粒径粒子(92nm径、HMDS処理シリカ)をSEMにて観察、ストレス印可前後の違いを観察した。
添加剤の埋没、凹部への移動が少ない 極めて良好:○
添加剤の埋没多少、凹部への移動も多少見られる:△、
添加剤埋没、あるいは凹部へほとんど移動:×
3) Stress resistance durability 10 g of toner and 20 g of carrier (manufactured by Powdertech, TEFV23) are placed in a 50 ml screw vial and shaken with a rocking mill (manufactured by Seiwa Giken) for 60 minutes at a maximum frequency. Thereafter, the carrier and the toner are separated by a sieve having an opening of 38 μm to obtain a stressed toner, and the residual large particle size particles (92 nm diameter, HMDS-treated silica) remaining in the toner are observed with an SEM. The difference between before and after the stress application was observed.
Addition of additives and movement to recesses are very low: ○
Some of the additive was buried, and some movement to the recess was seen: Δ,
Additive buried or almost moved to recess: ×

4)比表面積評価
島津製作所製、BET比表面積測定装置、TriStarを用いて比表面積測定を実施。膜化樹脂による表面層構築を行なっていない母体トナーの比表面積に対する減少割合を100分率で求めた。
20%以上:表面滑性良好、○
10%−19%:許容、△
10%以下:改善性不良、×
4) Specific surface area evaluation Specific surface area was measured using Shimadzu Corporation's BET specific surface area measuring device and TriStar. The reduction ratio with respect to the specific surface area of the base toner that was not subjected to surface layer construction with a film-forming resin was determined at 100 minutes.
20% or more: good surface lubricity, ○
10% -19%: acceptable, △
10% or less: poor improvement, ×

5)保存保管性評価
30mlのスクリューバイアル瓶に10gトナーを投入し、2秒間に1回の割合で1cmの高低差のタッピングを100回(200秒)実施。その後密栓し50℃の環境で24時間保管、24℃保管2時間を1セットとして3セット実施。その後、得られたサンプルに対し、日科エンジニアリング社製 針入度試験器を用い、試験器の測定針をスクリューバイアル中のトナー最上面に接するように架台の高さを調整する。その時のダイヤルゲージの目盛りを読み取り測定値(a)とし、測定針の留め金具を押し、針をトナー中に自由落下させその時のダイヤルゲージの目盛りを読み取り、測定値(b)とする。こうして得られた測定値(b)と(a)の差を針入度として得た。
針入度:貫通〜30、保存性極めて良好:○
29〜15、保存性許容:△
14〜0、保存性不良:×
5) Storage and storage evaluation 10 g of toner was put into a 30 ml screw vial, and tapping with a height difference of 1 cm was performed 100 times (200 seconds) at a rate of once every 2 seconds. After that, it was sealed and stored in an environment of 50 ° C for 24 hours, and 3 sets were carried out with 24 hours at 2 ° C as one set. Then, the height of the gantry is adjusted so that the measurement needle of the tester is in contact with the uppermost surface of the toner in the screw vial, using a needle penetration tester manufactured by Nikka Engineering Co., Ltd. The dial gauge graduation at that time is read as a measured value (a), the measuring needle clamp is pressed, the needle is allowed to fall freely into the toner, and the dial gauge graduation at that time is read to obtain the measured value (b). The difference between the measured values (b) and (a) thus obtained was obtained as the penetration.
Penetration: penetration to 30, very good storage stability: ○
29-15, storage stability tolerance: △
14 to 0, poor storage stability: ×

Figure 2009150954
Figure 2009150954

Claims (14)

少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤及び離型剤を含有するトナー母体粒子と外部添加剤とからなる画像形成用トナーにおいて、該トナー母体粒子表面上の少なくとも一部に、樹脂粉体を膜化してなる樹脂膜部分を有することを特徴とする画像形成用トナー。   In an image forming toner comprising toner base particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a release agent, and an external additive, a resin powder is formed on at least a part of the surface of the toner base particles. An image forming toner comprising a resin film portion. 前記樹脂粉体は、ガラス転移温度が70℃以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成用トナー。   The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the resin powder has a glass transition temperature of 70 ° C. or higher. 機械的作用力により樹脂粉体がトナー母体粒子表面上に膜化されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成用トナー。   3. The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the resin powder is formed into a film on the surface of the toner base particles by a mechanical action force. 前記膜化前後で、トナー母体粒子の比表面積が10%以上減少したものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の画像形成用トナー。   4. The image forming toner according to claim 3, wherein the specific surface area of the toner base particles is reduced by 10% or more before and after the film formation. 前記トナー母体が、活性水素基を有する化合物と反応可能な変性ポリエステル系樹脂からなるトナー結着樹脂材料を含むトナー組成分を、有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させ、次いで該溶解又は分散物を、樹脂微粒子を含む水系媒体中で分散させ、活性水素基を有する化合物と前記変性ポリエステル系樹脂を反応させ、得られた分散液から溶媒を除去して得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー。   A toner composition containing a toner binder resin material composed of a modified polyester resin capable of reacting with a compound having an active hydrogen group as the toner base is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, and then the dissolved or dispersed material is It is obtained by dispersing in an aqueous medium containing resin fine particles, reacting a compound having an active hydrogen group with the modified polyester resin, and removing the solvent from the obtained dispersion. Item 5. The image forming toner according to any one of Items 1 to 4. 前記トナー母体が、溶融混練・粉砕法によって得られたものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー。   5. The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner base is obtained by a melt kneading / pulverizing method. 前記外部添加剤として、2種以上の外部添加剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー。   The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the external additive contains two or more external additives. 前記外部添加剤として、B.E.T比表面積が20〜300m/gの外部添加剤を少なくとも一種含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナー。 The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the external additive contains at least one external additive having a BET specific surface area of 20 to 300 m 2 / g. 前記外部添加剤が、シリカ、チタン化合物、アルミナ、酸化セリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグウネシウム、リン酸カルシウム、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子、シリカ含有樹脂微粒子、および窒素含有樹脂微粒子からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の画像形成トナー。   The external additive is selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium compound, alumina, cerium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, fluorine-containing resin fine particles, silica-containing resin fine particles, and nitrogen-containing resin fine particles. The image forming toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner is image forming toner. 前記チタン化合物が、湿式法で作製されたTiO(OH)2の一部もしくは全部を、シラン化合物またはシリコーンオイルと反応させて得られるチタン化合物であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の画像形成用トナー。 The image according to claim 9, wherein the titanium compound is a titanium compound obtained by reacting a part or all of TiO (OH) 2 prepared by a wet method with a silane compound or silicone oil. Toner for forming. 前記チタン化合物が、比重2.8〜3.6のチタン化合物であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の画像形成用トナー。   The image forming toner according to claim 9, wherein the titanium compound is a titanium compound having a specific gravity of 2.8 to 3.6. 請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載のトナーとキャリアとからなる二成分現像剤。   A two-component developer comprising the toner according to claim 1 and a carrier. 請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載のトナーを用いる画像形成方法。   An image forming method using the toner according to claim 1. 感光体及び現像手段を含み、帯電手段、クリーニング手段より選ばれる少なくとも1つの手段を含んでいてもよい各手段を一体に支持し、画像形成装置本体と着脱自在であるプロセスカートリッジにおいて、該現像手段はトナーを保持し、該トナーは、請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の画像形成用トナーであることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。   In a process cartridge that includes a photosensitive member and a developing unit, and that supports each unit that may include at least one unit selected from a charging unit and a cleaning unit, and is detachable from the image forming apparatus main body, the developing unit A process cartridge characterized by holding toner, and the toner is the image forming toner according to claim 1.
JP2007326826A 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Toner for image formation Pending JP2009150954A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007326826A JP2009150954A (en) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Toner for image formation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007326826A JP2009150954A (en) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Toner for image formation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2009150954A true JP2009150954A (en) 2009-07-09

Family

ID=40920174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2007326826A Pending JP2009150954A (en) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Toner for image formation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2009150954A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012063602A (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-29 Kyocera Mita Corp Positively chargeable dry toner for electrophotography
US8557497B2 (en) 2009-12-09 2013-10-15 Ricoh Company, Limited Method of manufacturing toner and toner

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01185650A (en) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-25 Minolta Camera Co Ltd Toner for developing electrostatic charge image and production thereof
JPH10123822A (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-05-15 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Developing method
JPH10293420A (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-11-04 Sharp Corp Electrophotographic toner and its production
JP2005234410A (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-09-02 Ricoh Co Ltd Dry toner and image forming apparatus using the toner
JP2007071965A (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-22 Ricoh Co Ltd Electrostatic charge image developing toner, method for manufacturing the same, image forming apparatus using the same, its container, process cartridge filled therewith

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01185650A (en) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-25 Minolta Camera Co Ltd Toner for developing electrostatic charge image and production thereof
JPH10123822A (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-05-15 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Developing method
JPH10293420A (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-11-04 Sharp Corp Electrophotographic toner and its production
JP2005234410A (en) * 2004-02-23 2005-09-02 Ricoh Co Ltd Dry toner and image forming apparatus using the toner
JP2007071965A (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-22 Ricoh Co Ltd Electrostatic charge image developing toner, method for manufacturing the same, image forming apparatus using the same, its container, process cartridge filled therewith

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8557497B2 (en) 2009-12-09 2013-10-15 Ricoh Company, Limited Method of manufacturing toner and toner
JP2012063602A (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-29 Kyocera Mita Corp Positively chargeable dry toner for electrophotography

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4054494B2 (en) Toner for electrostatic latent image development
JP5979593B2 (en) Developing device and image forming apparatus
JP5888030B2 (en) Toner, developer, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
KR101790387B1 (en) Electrostatic image developing toner, image forming apparatus, image forming method, and process cartridge
JP2013224975A (en) Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner, image forming method and apparatus using the same, and process cartridge
JP6520471B2 (en) Toner, developer, developer containing unit and image forming apparatus
JP2007206171A (en) Full-color image forming apparatus
JP2014085551A (en) Electrophotographic toner, developer, toner storage container, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
JP6569218B2 (en) Layered inorganic mineral, toner, and image forming apparatus
JP2006251220A (en) Negatively charged toner
JP2001194823A (en) Toner for full color electrophotography, developer for full color electrophotography and image forming method
JP2013064826A (en) Electrostatic charge image developing toner, image formation device and process cartridge
JP2008107679A (en) Toner
JP4864475B2 (en) Electrostatic latent image developing toner, image forming method, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
JP3916223B2 (en) Toner, method for producing the same, and image forming method
JP4873734B2 (en) Toner and method for producing the same
JP2011133518A (en) Electrophotographic toner
KR20100089335A (en) Toner for electrophotographic and process for preparing the same
JP2009015212A (en) Toner
JP2009150954A (en) Toner for image formation
JP2017125892A (en) Toner, toner storage unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
JP3705036B2 (en) Dry developer for developing electrostatic image and method for developing electrostatic image
JP4310146B2 (en) toner
JP4769607B2 (en) Toner, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
JP4500120B2 (en) Image forming method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20101108

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20120605

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20120629

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20120824

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20121018

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20121213

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20130502