JP2009072818A - Welding arc control method - Google Patents

Welding arc control method Download PDF

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JP2009072818A
JP2009072818A JP2007245489A JP2007245489A JP2009072818A JP 2009072818 A JP2009072818 A JP 2009072818A JP 2007245489 A JP2007245489 A JP 2007245489A JP 2007245489 A JP2007245489 A JP 2007245489A JP 2009072818 A JP2009072818 A JP 2009072818A
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welding
current
arc
control
welding arc
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Takeshi Oe
武 大江
Yukio Horikiri
幸夫 堀切
Jun Wakaguri
絢 若栗
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Toshiba Plant Systems and Services Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a welding arc control method capable of performing the stable input heat control by the welding arc control, and securing the high welding quality. <P>SOLUTION: The external characteristic for controlling the welding arc is changed to the constant voltage characteristic or the constant current characteristic in pulse shape by the instruction from the outside, and the output current is changed according to the fluctuated arc voltage. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、溶接アーク制御方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a welding arc control method.

消耗電極を使用するガスシールドアーク溶接や、タングステンを電極に用い、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガスの雰囲気中で溶接するタングステンイナートガス溶接では、溶接アークの制御を溶接電流と溶接電圧による入熱を一定に維持することで溶融プールの形成を安定させることが必要である。   In gas shielded arc welding using consumable electrodes and tungsten inert gas welding using tungsten as an electrode and welding in an atmosphere of inert gas such as argon gas, the welding arc is controlled by constant heat input by welding current and welding voltage. It is necessary to stabilize the formation of the molten pool by maintaining the same.

一般的に、TIG溶接では、定電流制御が行われ、MIG/MAG溶接では定電圧制御が行われている。また、溶接アークの制御に関しては、手溶接の場合、オペレータの感覚に頼っているのが実情である。また、自動溶接においてはアーク電流制御Arc Current Contro1(以下ACC)による電流帰還やアーク電圧制御Arc Voltage Contro1(以下AVC)による電圧帰還でアーク長制御を行うものが知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
特開2002-254172号公報
In general, constant current control is performed in TIG welding, and constant voltage control is performed in MIG / MAG welding. Moreover, regarding the control of the welding arc, in the case of manual welding, the actual situation depends on the operator's feeling. In addition, in automatic welding, there is known one that performs arc length control by current feedback by arc current control Arc Current Contro1 (hereinafter referred to as ACC) and voltage feedback by arc voltage control Arc Voltage Contro1 (hereinafter referred to as AVC) (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
JP 2002-254172 A

溶接電源の制御による溶接アーク制御方法は、定電圧特性または垂下特性の外部特性(負荷電流と負荷電圧の関係)が用いられ、消耗電極を使用するガスシールドアーク溶接では、定電圧特性により制御される。これらの制御では溶接電流を増加させると溶接電圧が下がり、アーク長を抑制する作用(自己制御作用)が働くため、トーチと母材間の距離を調整するトーチ駆動装置が必要である。さらに上述の制御を行うため出力電流と出力電圧のサンプリング間隔と、トーチ駆動装置やワイヤ送給装置の駆動速度の制御感度設定を適切に設定しないと、トーチ駆動装置またはワイヤ送給装置の追従性が異なり溶接部の入熱量が安定しないことが課題であった。   The welding arc control method by controlling the welding power source uses constant voltage characteristics or external characteristics of the drooping characteristics (relationship between load current and load voltage), and in gas shielded arc welding using consumable electrodes, it is controlled by the constant voltage characteristics. The In these controls, when the welding current is increased, the welding voltage decreases, and the action of suppressing the arc length (self-control action) works. Therefore, a torch drive device that adjusts the distance between the torch and the base material is necessary. Furthermore, in order to perform the above-described control, if the output current and output voltage sampling interval and the control sensitivity setting of the drive speed of the torch drive device or wire feeding device are not properly set, the followability of the torch drive device or wire feed device However, the problem is that the heat input of the weld is not stable.

また、溶接品質を向上させるため行われる従来のパルス溶接では、電流を時間同期、ウィビング同期でパルス状に電流出力させている。この方式は強制パルスであり母材、ワイヤの状態による変化には追従できない。この結果、ワイヤの送給が安定せず溶接部の状態は乱れることになり、品質上好ましくない。   Further, in the conventional pulse welding performed to improve the welding quality, the current is output in pulses in time synchronization and weaving synchronization. This method is a forced pulse and cannot follow changes due to the condition of the base material and wire. As a result, the wire feeding is not stable, and the state of the welded portion is disturbed, which is not preferable in terms of quality.

本発明は上述した課題を解決するためになされたものであり、溶接アーク制御により安定した入熱制御を可能とし、高い溶接品質の溶接アーク制御方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a welding arc control method with high welding quality that enables stable heat input control by welding arc control.

本願発明の一態様によれば、溶接アークを制御する外部特性を外部からの指示でパルス状に可変させ、変動するアーク電圧に応じて出力電流を変化させることを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。これにより、溶接入熱を一定に保ち、溶け込みを安定させることができる。   According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a welding arc control method characterized in that an external characteristic for controlling a welding arc is changed in a pulse shape by an instruction from the outside, and an output current is changed in accordance with a fluctuating arc voltage. Provided. Thereby, welding heat input can be kept constant and penetration can be stabilized.

また、本願発明の一態様によれば、前記出力電流を低周波パルスに設定し、ピーク電流及び/又はベース電流で外部特性の制御を行わしめることを特徴とする請求項1記載の溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, the output current is set to a low frequency pulse, and external characteristics are controlled by a peak current and / or a base current. A method is provided.

また、本願発明の一態様によれば、自己制御作用を利用したアーク長のパルス出力制御による溶接アーク制御方法であって、溶接方法、母材に応じて、外部特性の傾斜基準点と傾斜角度を設定することで前記パルス出力制御の発生基準点と応答性を制御することを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a welding arc control method based on pulse output control of arc length utilizing self-control action, wherein an inclination reference point and an inclination angle of external characteristics according to a welding method and a base material. The welding arc control method is characterized by controlling the generation reference point and the responsiveness of the pulse output control by setting.

また、本願発明の一態様によれば、開先内でウィビング動作を行うと開先内の両端開先部とセンター部とで高さが異なる部位において、前記開先内でウィビングに同期したパルス電流を印加し、前記開先を一定に溶融させることを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, when a wobbling operation is performed in the groove, the pulse synchronized with the weaving in the groove at a portion where the height is different between the both ends groove portion and the center portion in the groove. A welding arc control method is provided, wherein an electric current is applied to melt the groove constantly.

また、本願発明の一態様によれば、アークスタート後、ワイヤを引き上げ、ワイヤの送給を開始して、定電圧下で出力電流を変化させる第1の制御、定電流下で出力電圧を変化させる第2の制御を交互に繰り返すことを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, after the arc start, the wire is pulled up, the feeding of the wire is started, the first control for changing the output current under a constant voltage, the output voltage is changed under a constant current There is provided a welding arc control method characterized by alternately repeating the second control.

これにより、スタートミスの減少と入熱量を一定にするために、アーク長を維持することで適正な溶融を促すことができる。   Thereby, in order to reduce the start mistake and make the heat input constant, proper melting can be promoted by maintaining the arc length.

また、本願発明の一態様によれば、トーチ高さが変化した場合に出力電流がパルス出力となり、所望のトーチ高さからずれたことを示す情報を、オペレータに提示することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, when the torch height changes, the output current becomes a pulse output, and information indicating that the torch height deviates from the desired torch height is presented to the operator. Item 6. A welding arc control method according to any one of Items 1 to 5.

本発明によれば、安定した入熱制御が可能で、高い溶接品質が確保できる溶接アーク制御方法が提供される。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stable heat input control is possible and the welding arc control method which can ensure high welding quality is provided.

以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る溶接アーク制御方法について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, a welding arc control method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

溶接作業においては、設計で指示された溶込み形状や,ビード幅,脚長を実現するためには,溶接電流を最初に決めて,これを溶接電源側で設定する。溶接機側では,この溶接電流にほぼ見合ったワイヤ送給速度で,安定アークと安定溶融が続行されるよう瞬時々の電流波形を制御している。   In welding work, in order to realize the penetration shape, bead width, and leg length specified in the design, the welding current is first determined and set on the welding power source side. On the welder side, the current waveform is controlled instantaneously so that stable arcing and stable melting are continued at a wire feed speed almost commensurate with the welding current.

一般的に、マグ・ミグ溶接は、定電圧特性電源で行われ,細径ワイヤと組み合せての自己制御作用で,溶接アーク長が一定に保たれている。しかし、瞬時々のアーク電圧実測値(動特性)では、アーク電圧波形が一定電圧ではない。実際に起きているアーク現象では,アークの発生,溶滴の離脱促進,アークの停止が繰り返されるので、アーク長の一定化制御は、溶接電源からの出力波形制御(電流、電圧双方の制御)で行わせている。例えば、100Aあたり2〜3V垂下しているのが溶接電源でいう定電圧静特性となる。   In general, MAG / MIG welding is performed with a constant voltage characteristic power source, and the welding arc length is kept constant by a self-control action in combination with a thin wire. However, in the instantaneous arc voltage actual measurement value (dynamic characteristic), the arc voltage waveform is not a constant voltage. In the actual arc phenomenon, arc generation, droplet detachment promotion, and arc stop are repeated, so the arc length is controlled by controlling the output waveform from the welding power source (control of both current and voltage). It is done in. For example, a constant voltage static characteristic of a welding power source is drooping by 2 to 3 V per 100 A.

ティグ溶接法では,定電流特性を含んだ垂下特性の溶接電源が使われる。多少アークの長さが変化しても溶接電流の変動が少ない。すなわち、アーク電流が一定になるようにトーチ高さを制御するアーク電圧制御が好適である。   TIG welding uses a drooping welding power source that includes constant current characteristics. Even if the arc length changes to some extent, there is little fluctuation in the welding current. That is, arc voltage control for controlling the torch height so that the arc current is constant is suitable.

溶接電流をピーク電流とベース電流とで周期的に変化させる、例えば数Hz以下の低周波パルス電流を用いると、ピーク電流で深く溶け込んだ溶融池がベース時間中に一部凝固するので、溶融金属の垂れが防止できる。   When the welding current is periodically changed between the peak current and the base current, for example, a low frequency pulse current of several Hz or less is used, the molten pool deeply melted at the peak current partially solidifies during the base time. Can prevent dripping.

ミグ溶接、マグ溶接では、ピーク電流のピンチ効果により溶滴の規則的な強制移行が実現できるので、アークが安定する。   In MIG welding and MAG welding, regular forced transfer of droplets can be realized by the pinch effect of peak current, so that the arc is stabilized.

図1に示すように、本発明の実施の形態では、溶接アークを制御するため、定電流もしくは定電圧の外部特性を外部からの指示でパルス状に可変させる。外部からの指示は、溶接電源に備えたスイッチの切り替え、あるいは溶接機用の制御装置を介したパラメータ制御によって行える。   As shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to control a welding arc, an external characteristic of a constant current or a constant voltage is varied in a pulse shape by an instruction from the outside. The instruction from the outside can be performed by switching a switch provided in the welding power source or by parameter control via a control device for the welding machine.

図1(a)において、横軸は溶接電流を、縦軸は溶接電圧を示している。図1(b)は、指示電流値の変化に伴う、指示電圧値の状態およびアーク長の状態を示すものである。   In FIG. 1 (a), the horizontal axis represents the welding current, and the vertical axis represents the welding voltage. FIG. 1B shows the state of the command voltage value and the state of the arc length accompanying the change of the command current value.

外部特性のON/OFFを切り替え、溶接電流を指示電流値よりも低くする制御を行う。このとき、溶接電圧は、指示電圧値よりも高く維持される。このとき、アーク長は、指示電圧値よりも長くなっている。すなわち、かかる制御においては、トーチ1の高さが変化しても溶接電流は一定となっている。溶接電流、溶接電圧がそれぞれ指示電流値、指示電圧値であるときには、外部特性のON/OFFの切り替えが行われても、溶接電流、溶接電圧はパルス状に変化せず、したがって、トーチ1の高さ、すなわち、アーク長は変わらない。   Control is performed to switch ON / OFF of the external characteristics and to lower the welding current below the indicated current value. At this time, the welding voltage is maintained higher than the instruction voltage value. At this time, the arc length is longer than the instruction voltage value. That is, in this control, the welding current is constant even if the height of the torch 1 changes. When the welding current and the welding voltage are the indicated current value and the indicated voltage value, respectively, the welding current and the welding voltage do not change in a pulse shape even when the external characteristics are switched ON / OFF. The height, that is, the arc length does not change.

次に、外部特性のON/OFFを切り替え、溶接電流を指示電流値よりも高くする制御を行う。このとき、溶接電圧は、指示電圧値よりも低く維持される。このとき、アーク長は、指示電圧値のときよりも短くなることがわかる。   Next, ON / OFF of the external characteristic is switched, and control is performed to make the welding current higher than the indicated current value. At this time, the welding voltage is maintained lower than the instruction voltage value. At this time, it can be seen that the arc length is shorter than that at the indicated voltage value.

外部特性のパルス状制御により、溶接アーク長により出力電流が可変するが、定電流特性時の出力電流は電圧が低い場合は高くなり、電圧が高い場合は低くなっている。   Although the output current varies depending on the welding arc length by the pulsed control of the external characteristic, the output current at the constant current characteristic is high when the voltage is low, and is low when the voltage is high.

本実施の形態によれば、アーク電圧が変動した場合に出力電流が任意に変化するので溶接入熱を一定に保ち、溶け込みを安定させることができる。   According to the present embodiment, since the output current arbitrarily changes when the arc voltage fluctuates, the welding heat input can be kept constant and the penetration can be stabilized.

また、トーチ1を手に持って溶接を行うとアーク現象でオペレータヘ高さの違いを教示することができる。   Further, when welding is performed with the torch 1 held in hand, the difference in height can be taught to the operator by an arc phenomenon.

次に、本発明の実施形態に係る溶接アーク制御方法の実施例を図2、図3を用いて説明する。図2は外部特性の傾斜角度を変化させた場合のグラフである。図3は傾斜基準電圧を変化させた場合のグラフである。   Next, an example of the welding arc control method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a graph when the inclination angle of the external characteristic is changed. FIG. 3 is a graph when the ramp reference voltage is changed.

上述した自己制御作用を利用したアーク長のパルス出力制御方法において、図2に示す傾斜角度と図3に示す電圧基準点を任意設定する。このことにより、パルスの発生基準点と応答性を制御することができ、溶接方法や溶接母材により適正な自己制御作用及びパルス出力を行える。   In the arc length pulse output control method using the self-control action described above, the inclination angle shown in FIG. 2 and the voltage reference point shown in FIG. 3 are arbitrarily set. As a result, the pulse generation reference point and responsiveness can be controlled, and an appropriate self-control action and pulse output can be performed by the welding method and the welding base material.

次に、本発明の実施形態に係る溶接アーク制御方法は、溶接開先を形成した突合せ溶接及び隅肉溶接へ適用することができる。   Next, the welding arc control method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to butt welding and fillet welding in which a welding groove is formed.

図4に示すものは、突合せ溶接の場合、図5に示すものは、隅肉溶接の場合である。   4 shows a case of butt welding, and FIG. 5 shows a case of fillet welding.

図4(b)はアーク発生点が開先中心にある場合、図4(a)、図4(c)はウィビングで開先側にアークが発生する場合である。トーチが開先中央にある時の電圧を基準電圧Vとするとトーチが開先の左右に位置する時の電圧V'はV>V'である。   FIG. 4B shows the case where the arc generation point is at the groove center, and FIGS. 4A and 4C show the case where the arc is generated on the groove side by the weaving. Assuming that the voltage when the torch is in the center of the groove is the reference voltage V, the voltage V ′ when the torch is positioned on the left and right of the groove is V> V ′.

したがって、トーチが開先の左右に位置する時の電流は、指示電流値よりも大きな値となる。このとき溶接速度が一定と仮定すると入熱は一定となる。   Therefore, the current when the torch is positioned on the left and right sides of the groove is larger than the command current value. At this time, assuming that the welding speed is constant, the heat input is constant.

同様に、図5(b)はアーク発生点が隅肉中心にある場合、図5(a)、図5(c)はウィビングで隅肉のコーナー側にアークが発生する場合である。トーチが隅肉中央にある時の電圧を基準電圧Vとするとトーチが隅肉のコーナー側に位置する時の電圧V'はV>V'である。   Similarly, FIG. 5B shows the case where the arc generation point is at the center of the fillet, and FIGS. 5A and 5C show the case where the arc is generated on the corner side of the fillet by the wobbling. Assuming that the voltage when the torch is in the center of the fillet is the reference voltage V, the voltage V ′ when the torch is located on the corner side of the fillet is V> V ′.

したがって、トーチが隅肉のコーナー側に位置する時の電流は、指示電流値よりも大きな値となる。このとき溶接速度が一定と仮定すると入熱は一定となる。   Therefore, the current when the torch is positioned on the corner side of the fillet becomes a value larger than the instruction current value. At this time, assuming that the welding speed is constant, the heat input is constant.

次に、本発明の実施形態に係る溶接アーク制御方法は、溶接開始時に適用することもできる。   Next, the welding arc control method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied at the start of welding.

図6に示すように、短絡検出後に定電流の状態でワイヤヘ電流を印加し、引き上げることでワイヤと母材間でアークを発生させる。従来はここでワイヤ送給するが遅れるとワイヤが溶融しすぎ、過剰に送給すればワイヤが短絡してアークを維持できない。   As shown in FIG. 6, an arc is generated between the wire and the base material by applying a current to the wire in a constant current state after the short circuit is detected and pulling it up. Conventionally, the wire is fed here, but if the wire is delayed, the wire is melted too much. If the wire is fed excessively, the wire is short-circuited and the arc cannot be maintained.

本実施形態では、定電流と定電圧をパルス状に切り替えることで定電流制御のソフトなタッチスタートと定電圧のアーク長自己制御の利点を組み合わせることでスタートミスの減少と入熱を一定に、且つアークを維持することで適正な溶融を促すことができる。上述のように、本実施形態によれば、安定した入熱制御が図られる。   In this embodiment, by switching the constant current and constant voltage in a pulse form, combining the soft touch start of constant current control and the advantage of arc length self-control of constant voltage, the reduction of start mistake and heat input are made constant, In addition, proper melting can be promoted by maintaining the arc. As described above, according to the present embodiment, stable heat input control is achieved.

本発明は上記した実施の形態に限定されることなく、特許請求の範囲に記載した発明の範囲内で、種々の変形が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に含まれるものであることはいうまでもない。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

本発明の実施の形態に係る溶接アーク制御方法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the welding arc control method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 外部特性の傾斜角度を変化させた場合のグラフである。It is a graph at the time of changing the inclination-angle of an external characteristic. 傾斜基準電圧を変化させた場合のグラフである。It is a graph at the time of changing inclination reference voltage. 突合せ溶接における制御を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control in butt welding. 隅肉溶接における制御を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control in fillet welding. 溶接開始時の制御を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the control at the time of a welding start.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1・・・トーチ、2・・・ワイヤ。 1 ... torch, 2 ... wire.

Claims (6)

溶接アークを制御する外部特性を外部からの指示でパルス状に可変させ、変動するアーク電圧に応じて出力電流を変化させることを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法。   A welding arc control method characterized in that an external characteristic for controlling a welding arc is varied in a pulse shape by an instruction from the outside, and an output current is changed in accordance with a varying arc voltage. 前記出力電流を低周波パルスに設定し、ピーク電流及び/又はベース電流で外部特性の制御を行わしめることを特徴とする請求項1記載の溶接アーク制御方法。   2. The welding arc control method according to claim 1, wherein the output current is set to a low frequency pulse, and external characteristics are controlled by a peak current and / or a base current. 自己制御作用を利用したアーク長のパルス出力制御による溶接アーク制御方法であって、溶接方法、母材に応じて、外部特性の傾斜基準点と傾斜角度を設定することで前記パルス出力制御の発生基準点と応答性を制御することを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法。   A welding arc control method by pulse output control of arc length using self-control action, wherein the pulse output control is generated by setting an inclination reference point and an inclination angle of external characteristics according to the welding method and the base material. A welding arc control method characterized by controlling a reference point and responsiveness. 開先内でウィビング動作を行うと開先内の両端開先部とセンター部とで高さが異なる部位において、前記開先内でウィビングに同期したパルス電流を印加し、前記開先を一定に溶融させることを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法。   When a wobbling operation is performed in the groove, a pulse current synchronized with the weaving is applied in the groove at a portion where the height is different between the both-end groove portion and the center portion in the groove, and the groove is made constant. A welding arc control method characterized by melting. アークスタート後、ワイヤを引き上げ、ワイヤの送給を開始して、定電圧下で出力電流を変化させる第1の制御、定電流下で出力電圧を変化させる第2の制御を交互に繰り返すことを特徴とする溶接アーク制御方法。   After the arc start, the wire is pulled up, the wire feeding is started, and the first control for changing the output current under a constant voltage and the second control for changing the output voltage under a constant current are repeated alternately. A method of controlling a welding arc. トーチ高さが変化した場合に出力電流がパルス出力となり、所望のトーチ高さからずれたことを示す情報を、オペレータに提示することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の溶接アーク制御方法。   6. The information according to claim 1, wherein when the torch height changes, the output current becomes a pulse output, and information indicating that the torch height deviates from a desired torch height is presented to the operator. Welding arc control method.
JP2007245489A 2007-09-21 2007-09-21 Welding arc control method Pending JP2009072818A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2786254C1 (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-12-19 Фарит Ринатович Хабибуллин Method for welding, surfacing or cutting using a robotic arm

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5662674A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-28 Daihen Corp Pulse arc welding method
JPH08267238A (en) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-15 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for controlling output of power source for consumable electrode gas shielded pulsed arc welding

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5662674A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-28 Daihen Corp Pulse arc welding method
JPH08267238A (en) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-15 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for controlling output of power source for consumable electrode gas shielded pulsed arc welding

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2786254C1 (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-12-19 Фарит Ринатович Хабибуллин Method for welding, surfacing or cutting using a robotic arm

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