JP2009051013A - Mixing head equipped with pressure control mechanism - Google Patents

Mixing head equipped with pressure control mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2009051013A
JP2009051013A JP2007217125A JP2007217125A JP2009051013A JP 2009051013 A JP2009051013 A JP 2009051013A JP 2007217125 A JP2007217125 A JP 2007217125A JP 2007217125 A JP2007217125 A JP 2007217125A JP 2009051013 A JP2009051013 A JP 2009051013A
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Prior art keywords
mixing
mixing chamber
piston
chamber
pressure
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Inventor
Kazuhisa Nagata
和久 永田
Hideyuki Hanaoka
秀之 花岡
Sanshiro Suzue
三司郎 鈴江
Akira Motoki
昭 元木
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TOHO KIKAI KOGYO KK
Nisshinbo Holdings Inc
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TOHO KIKAI KOGYO KK
Nisshinbo Industries Inc
Nisshin Spinning Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2007217125A priority Critical patent/JP2009051013A/en
Publication of JP2009051013A publication Critical patent/JP2009051013A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/76—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head
    • B29B7/7663—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head the mixing head having an outlet tube with a reciprocating plunger, e.g. with the jets impinging in the tube
    • B29B7/7684—Parts; Accessories
    • B29B7/7689—Plunger constructions
    • B29B7/7694—Plunger constructions comprising recirculation channels; ducts formed in the plunger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/802—Constructions or methods for cleaning the mixing or kneading device
    • B29B7/803—Cleaning of mixers of the gun type, stream-impigement type, mixing heads
    • B29B7/805—Cleaning of the mixing conduit, module or chamber part

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mixing head equipped with a new pressure control mechanism which controls an inner pressure of a mixing chamber, prevents explosive discharge by gradually releasing the pressure, and increases the foaming magnification. <P>SOLUTION: The mixing head 1, employed for mixing and discharging two kinds of plastic form drug solutions A, B mixing a forming agent in a pressurized state, is equipped with an outflow passage 2 having a discharge port, a mixing chamber 5 for forming fill ports 5a, 5b for the drug solutions A, B which cross the outflow passage 2 and open it, an adjusting chamber 6 opposedly provided in the mixing chamber 5, a piston 7 which is stored in the mixing chamber 5 and reciprocates between the opening part to the opening position of the fill ports 5a, 5b, and a throttle piston 8 having a smaller diameter than the piston 7 which is stored in the adjusting chamber 6 and advances and retreats in the mixing chamber 5. The drug solutions A, B are cast from the fill ports 5a, 5b to the mixing chamber 5, and simultaneously and the pressure in the mixing chamber 5 is adjusted by inserting the throttle piston 8 in the mixing chamber 5 and adjusting the insertion amount to suppress the rapid expansion of the mixing liquid in discharging. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、発泡剤を混入した少なくとも２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液を加圧状態で混合吐出するミキシングヘッドに関し、混合室の内圧を制御して圧力を徐々に開放させることにより爆発的な吐出を防ぎ、発泡倍率を上げるようにした圧力制御機構を備えたミキシングヘッドに関する。   The present invention relates to a mixing head that mixes and discharges at least two types of plastic foam chemicals mixed with a foaming agent in a pressurized state, and prevents explosive discharge by controlling the internal pressure of the mixing chamber to gradually release the pressure. The present invention relates to a mixing head equipped with a pressure control mechanism that increases the expansion ratio.

プラスチックフォーム成形体は、建築分野，梱包輸送分野などにおいて広く用いられ、また、家具や事務用機器、各種機械類の補助材としても用いられている。特に、硬質ポリウレタンフォーム等の発泡成形体は、その優れた断熱性，緩衝性，成形性，接着性等により、住宅や冷蔵倉庫等の断熱材、建築・土木用の材料・構造材、家電製品の枠体等として広く活用されている。   Plastic molded articles are widely used in the construction field, packing transportation field, and the like, and are also used as auxiliary materials for furniture, office equipment, and various machines. In particular, foamed molded products such as rigid polyurethane foam have excellent heat insulating properties, buffer properties, moldability, adhesive properties, etc., and thus heat insulating materials for houses and cold storage, materials and structures for construction and civil engineering, and home appliances. It is widely used as a frame body.

従来より、硬質ポリウレタンフォームは、イソシアネート成分又はポリオール成分を原料とし高圧注入発泡装置又はスプレー発泡装置を用いて成形することが広く行われてきた。また、発泡剤としてオゾン層破壊係数（ＯＤＰ）を有するフロン類（ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＣＦＣ〕等）は近年全廃され、地球温暖化係数（ＧＷＰ）の大きい代替フロン類（ハイドロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＦＣ〕）もその使用量が規制されていることにより、水とイソシアネート成分の反応により得られる二酸化炭素の他にペンタン等の炭化水素類や液化二酸化炭素を発泡剤として用いることが提案されている。   Conventionally, a rigid polyurethane foam has been widely formed using an isocyanate component or a polyol component as a raw material and using a high pressure injection foaming device or a spray foaming device. In addition, chlorofluorocarbons (hydrochlorofluorocarbon [HCFC] etc.) having ozone layer depletion potential (ODP) as foaming agents have been completely abolished in recent years, and alternative chlorofluorocarbons (hydrofluorocarbon [HFC]) having a large global warming potential (GWP) are also available. By restricting the amount of use, it has been proposed to use hydrocarbons such as pentane and liquefied carbon dioxide as a blowing agent in addition to carbon dioxide obtained by the reaction of water and an isocyanate component.

このうち発泡剤としてペンタン等の炭化水素類を用いた発泡成形体と液化二酸化炭素を用いた発泡成形体を比較すると、それらの熱伝導率は発泡ガスの熱伝導率にほぼ比例し、ペンタン等の炭化水素類を用いた場合の発泡ガス、例えばシクロペンタンの熱伝導率は、炭酸ガスより小さく、ＨＦＣの熱伝導率と同等かＨＣＦＣの熱伝導率に近い。従って、発泡ガスの発泡成形体中におけるセル径（発泡成形体中における気泡を囲む樹脂膜・骨格の内径）、密度が同一の場合、熱伝導率の観点から見ればペンタン等の炭化水素類の方が発泡剤として二酸化炭素よりも優れている。
しかしながら、ペンタン等の炭化水素類を用いる場合は実用性の面で大きな問題を抱えている。即ち、炭化水素は危険な引火性物質であり安全対策上の設備投資が極めて高額となること、現場発泡分野では十分な安全対策が事実上不可能であるという問題があり、炭化水素発泡に移行することができない。 Of these, when comparing foam molded products using hydrocarbons such as pentane as foaming agents and foam molded products using liquefied carbon dioxide, their thermal conductivity is almost proportional to the thermal conductivity of the foaming gas, such as pentane. The thermal conductivity of foaming gas, for example, cyclopentane, when using the above hydrocarbons is smaller than that of carbon dioxide gas, and is similar to or close to that of HFC. Therefore, when the cell diameter (the inner diameter of the resin film / skeleton surrounding the bubbles in the foamed molded product) and the density of the foamed molded product of the foamed gas are the same, from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity, hydrocarbons such as pentane Is better than carbon dioxide as a blowing agent.
However, when hydrocarbons such as pentane are used, there is a big problem in terms of practicality. In other words, hydrocarbons are dangerous flammable substances, and there are problems that capital investment for safety measures is extremely expensive, and that sufficient safety measures are virtually impossible in the field foaming field. Can not do it.

一方、水とイソシアネート成分の反応により得られる二酸化炭素のみによる発泡、即ち、完全水発泡は、断熱性能が劣ることによりエネルギー使用量の低減効果が薄れること、接着対象物との接着力の低下、現場発泡での施工性が悪いというような問題があった。   On the other hand, foaming only with carbon dioxide obtained by the reaction of water and an isocyanate component, that is, complete water foaming, the effect of reducing the amount of energy used is diminished due to inferior heat insulation performance, a decrease in adhesive strength with the object to be bonded, There was a problem such as poor workability in the field foaming.

そのため、最近では液化二酸化炭素などを用いた発泡成形体についての研究と開発が主に行われている。例えば、特許文献１〜特許文献４などにおいて、発泡剤として亜臨界流体、超臨界流体又は液体状態の二酸化炭素を使用した発泡成形体の発明が提案されている。   For this reason, research and development on foamed molded articles using liquefied carbon dioxide and the like have been mainly conducted recently. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 4 propose an invention of a foam molded article using subcritical fluid, supercritical fluid or liquid carbon dioxide as a foaming agent.

しかし、発泡剤として二酸化炭素を用いた場合は、上記の通り、炭化水素類やＨＦＣ，ＨＣＦＣを用いた場合と比較して発泡成形体の熱伝導率が大きくなってしまうことから、この問題を解決する必要がある。そのためには、発泡泡成形体中の発泡セル（気泡）の微細化を図ると共に、プラスチックフォーム原料中の二酸化炭素成分の増量を図り、更に成形体中に発泡セルが均等に拡散されるのが望ましい。上述した特許文献１に提案されている発明などにおいてもセル径の微細化を企図しているが、実際には、十分に制御された形でそこまでの微細化ができないのが現状である。   However, when carbon dioxide is used as the foaming agent, as described above, the thermal conductivity of the foamed molded product becomes larger than when hydrocarbons, HFC, or HCFC is used. It needs to be solved. For this purpose, the foamed cells (bubbles) in the foamed foam are miniaturized, the carbon dioxide component in the plastic foam raw material is increased, and the foamed cells are evenly diffused in the molded body. desirable. The invention proposed in Patent Document 1 described above also attempts to reduce the cell diameter. However, in reality, it is impossible to achieve such a reduction in a sufficiently controlled manner.

そこで、本出願の出願人の一人により、発泡剤として超臨界，亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素を使用したプラスチックフォーム等の発泡成形体の製造方法とそのための装置に関し、特に、発泡成形体中の発泡セルの微細化と、プラスチックフォーム原料中の二酸化炭素成分の増量を図ることにより、熱伝導率が小さく低密度のマイクロセルフォームを製造する方法とそのための製造装置を開発し、既に特許出願している（特願２００６−１５４９４２）。   Accordingly, one of the applicants of the present application relates to a method for producing a foamed molded product such as plastic foam using supercritical and subcritical carbon dioxide as a foaming agent and an apparatus therefor, in particular, foaming in the foamed molded product. By developing finer cells and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in plastic foam materials, we developed a method for manufacturing low-density microcell foam with low thermal conductivity and a manufacturing apparatus therefor, and have already applied for a patent. (Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-154942).

本出願の出願人の一人による上記特許出願に係る発明は、熱伝導率が小さく低密度のマイクロセルフォームを製造するための方法，装置として極めて優れているが、この目的を達成するためには別の観点からの取り組みも可能であることが分かってきた。即ち、発泡剤として低沸点ガスを含んだ原料成分をミキシングヘッドから混合吐出する際に、従来のヘッド構造では、低沸点ガスの原料成分からの揮発による爆発的な吐出により、発泡倍率が低下しセル径の制御ができないという問題があり、この問題を解決するためにミキシングヘッドを、爆発的な吐出が生じない構造に改良するという観点からの取り組みが可能であることが分かった。なお、このヘッド構造の改良は、発泡剤として超臨界，亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素を使用する場合のほか、その他の低沸点ガスを使用する場合についても適用され得るものである。
以下、ミキシングヘッドについて、従来の技術を含めその特徴について検討する。 The invention according to the above-mentioned patent application by one of the applicants of the present application is extremely excellent as a method and apparatus for producing a low-density microcell foam with low thermal conductivity, but in order to achieve this object It has been found that an approach from another point of view is possible. That is, when a raw material component containing a low boiling point gas as a foaming agent is mixed and discharged from the mixing head, the expansion ratio is reduced due to explosive discharge due to volatilization from the raw material component of the low boiling point gas in the conventional head structure. It has been found that there is a problem that the cell diameter cannot be controlled, and in order to solve this problem, it is possible to work from the viewpoint of improving the mixing head to a structure that does not cause explosive discharge. The improvement of the head structure can be applied not only when supercritical and subcritical carbon dioxide is used as a foaming agent, but also when other low-boiling gas is used.
The characteristics of the mixing head, including the conventional technology, will be discussed below.

低沸点ガスや液化炭酸ガスが発泡剤としてポリウレタン発泡に使用されている主な用途は、スラブフォームのように機械撹拌し、連続で吐出するものが主流である（特許文献５，特許文献６，特許文献７等参照）。これら特許文献５〜７には、フォーム材料の混合時に圧力を保持し、発泡時に圧力を徐々に開放する必要があることが開示されている。   The main application in which low boiling point gas or liquefied carbon dioxide gas is used for polyurethane foaming as a foaming agent is the mainstream one that is mechanically stirred and continuously discharged like a slab foam (Patent Document 5, Patent Document 6, (See Patent Document 7). These Patent Documents 5 to 7 disclose that it is necessary to maintain the pressure when mixing the foam material and gradually release the pressure when foaming.

特許文献５〜７で提案されている発明では、吐出後にヘッドの洗浄が必要となり、断続ショットには向かないという問題があった。   In the inventions proposed in Patent Documents 5 to 7, there is a problem that the head needs to be cleaned after ejection and is not suitable for intermittent shots.

断続ショットに向くヘッドとしては、通常のＬ型ヘッドや機械洗浄方式のヘッド、例えば、特許文献８〜１１等で提案されているような二次撹拌と整流を目的にした絞り機構を備えたヘッドがある。   As a head suitable for intermittent shots, a normal L-type head or a machine-cleaning head, for example, a head provided with a throttling mechanism for secondary stirring and rectification as proposed in Patent Documents 8 to 11 and the like There is.

しかし、特許文献８〜１１等で提案されているヘッドでは、ミキシングチャンバー（混合室）の内圧を制御する構造にはなっていない。これは通常の発泡では、混合室内の圧力が上がると混合室内の乱流が抑えられてしまい、混合が悪くなってしまうためであり、また、無理に内圧を上げようとすると絞り制御以降で圧力が急激に開放されるため飛散を伴った吐出となって発泡倍率が上がらないという問題があるからである。   However, the heads proposed in Patent Documents 8 to 11 do not have a structure for controlling the internal pressure of the mixing chamber (mixing chamber). This is because in normal foaming, if the pressure in the mixing chamber increases, the turbulent flow in the mixing chamber is suppressed, resulting in poor mixing, and if the internal pressure is forced to increase, the pressure after the throttle control is increased. This is because there is a problem that the foaming ratio does not increase because the discharge is suddenly released and the discharge is accompanied by scattering.

特に、特許文献１０で提案されている高圧混合装置では、絞りピストンが混合室内に挿入されるが、混合液の流れの方向を変えると同時に整流することを目的としており、混合室の内圧を保持，制御するための構成にはなっていない。また、低沸点ガスを含んだ混合液の圧力を徐々に大気圧へ戻す目的のものでもない。
特開２００２−４７３２６号公報 特開２００４−１０７３７６号公報 特開２００３−８２０５０号公報 特開２００２−２８３４２０号公報 特許第３２０１４１５号公報 特許第３３３２３１３号公報 特許第３６０７２９６号公報 特開昭５７−１０５３２５号公報 特開昭５４−１６３９５２号公報 特開平１−２６４８０７号公報 特許第２８３２５０４号公報 In particular, in the high-pressure mixing device proposed in Patent Document 10, the throttle piston is inserted into the mixing chamber, but the purpose is to rectify at the same time as changing the direction of the flow of the mixed liquid, and the internal pressure of the mixing chamber is maintained. , It is not configured to control. Further, it is not intended to gradually return the pressure of the liquid mixture containing the low boiling point gas to atmospheric pressure.
JP 2002-47326 A JP 2004-107376 A JP 2003-82050 A JP 2002-283420 A Japanese Patent No. 3201415 Japanese Patent No. 3332313 Japanese Patent No. 3607296 JP-A-57-105325 JP 54-163952 A JP-A-1-264807 Japanese Patent No. 2832504

本発明は、従来のプラスチックフォーム薬液を加圧状態で混合吐出するミキシングヘッドは、上述したような改良の余地があることに鑑み、ミキシングヘッドにおける混合室の内圧を制御し、圧力を徐々に開放させることにより爆発的な吐出を防ぎ、発泡倍率を上げるようにした新たな圧力制御機構を備えたミキシングヘッドを提供することを、その課題とするものである。   In view of the above-described room for improvement in a mixing head that mixes and discharges a plastic foam chemical solution in a pressurized state, the present invention controls the internal pressure of the mixing chamber in the mixing head and gradually releases the pressure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a mixing head equipped with a new pressure control mechanism that prevents explosive discharge and increases the expansion ratio.

上記課題を解決することを目的としてなされた本発明の構成は、発泡剤を混入した少なくとも２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液を加圧状態で混合吐出するミキシングヘッドにおいて、吐出口を有する流出通路と、該流出通路に交叉して開口し内壁に前記薬液の注入口を形成した混合室と、前記流出通路を挟んで前記混合室に対設した調節室と、該混合室に収挿され前記開口部から前記注入口の開放位置までの間を往復動する注入ピストンと、該調節室に収挿され前記混合室内に進退する前記注入ピストンより径が小さい絞りピストンを備え、前記薬液が前記注入口から混合室内へ注入されると同時に前記絞りピストンを、そのストロークを制御しつつ混合室に挿入しその挿入率を調節することにより、前記混合室内の圧力を調節すると共に吐出時における混合液の急激な膨張を抑えるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。   The configuration of the present invention made for the purpose of solving the above-described problem is that, in a mixing head for mixing and discharging at least two kinds of plastic foam chemicals mixed with a foaming agent in a pressurized state, an outflow passage having a discharge port, A mixing chamber that is opened to intersect the outflow passage and has an injection port for the chemical solution formed on the inner wall thereof, a control chamber that is provided opposite to the mixing chamber with the outflow passage interposed therebetween, and is inserted into the mixing chamber from the opening. An injection piston that reciprocates between the injection port and an opening position of the injection port; and a throttle piston that is inserted into the adjustment chamber and has a smaller diameter than the injection piston that moves forward and backward in the mixing chamber. At the same time as being injected into the chamber, the throttle piston is inserted into the mixing chamber while its stroke is controlled, and the insertion rate is adjusted, thereby adjusting the pressure in the mixing chamber and discharging it. It is characterized in that it has to suppress the rapid expansion of the mixture at.

本発明は、上記構成において、流出通路に交叉する混合室の開口位置から吐出口まで往復動するクリーニングピストンを収挿した構成にすることもできる。   In the above configuration, the present invention may be configured such that a cleaning piston that reciprocates from the opening position of the mixing chamber intersecting the outflow passage to the discharge port is inserted.

また、本発明は、上記構成において、絞りピストンの断面積を注入ピストンの断面積の７０％以上９８％未満に形成した構成、更に、絞りピストンの混合室への挿入率を混合室のストローク深さの５％以上８０％未満にした構成にするのが好ましい。   Further, according to the present invention, in the above configuration, the cross-sectional area of the throttle piston is formed to be 70% or more and less than 98% of the cross-sectional area of the injection piston, and the insertion rate of the throttle piston into the mixing chamber is set to the stroke depth of the mixing chamber. It is preferable to make the composition 5% or more and less than 80%.

次に、本発明は、上記構成において、混合室内の圧力は、絞りピストンの断面積、及び、絞りピストンの混合室への挿入率を調節することにより０．５ＭＰａ以上２ＭＰａ以下に保持するのが望ましい。また、絞りピストンのストローク制御は、少なくとも１種のプラスチックフォーム薬液の圧力に基づきアクチュエータにより自動で行う構成にしてもよい。   Next, according to the present invention, in the above configuration, the pressure in the mixing chamber is maintained at 0.5 MPa or more and 2 MPa or less by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the throttle piston and the insertion rate of the throttle piston into the mixing chamber. desirable. The stroke control of the throttle piston may be automatically performed by an actuator based on the pressure of at least one plastic foam chemical.

また、発泡剤は、二酸化炭素、窒素、ＨＦＣ、ＨＦＥ(ハイドロフルオロエーテル)等の低沸点ガス又は、二酸化炭素と他の低沸点ガスの混合ガスを使用することができる。又、水とイソシアネートの反応により生成する二酸化炭素も使用する事ができる。なお、発泡剤の混入は、混合室に注入する前のプラスチックフォーム薬液に対して行うことができ、また、当該混合室の内部で行うこともできる。   The blowing agent may be a low boiling point gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, HFC, HFE (hydrofluoroether), or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and another low boiling point gas. Carbon dioxide produced by the reaction of water and isocyanate can also be used. In addition, mixing of a foaming agent can be performed with respect to the plastic foam chemical | medical solution before inject | pouring into a mixing chamber, and can also be performed inside the said mixing chamber.

更に、発明は、上記構成において、低沸点ガスの供給切替機構を備えた構成にしてもよく、また、吐出混合液の圧力保持及び液流の調節は、流出通路の吐出口が位置するヘッド先端に着脱可能に取付けたアタッチメントにより行う構成にしてもよい。   Furthermore, the invention may be configured to include a low-boiling point gas supply switching mechanism in the above-described configuration, and the pressure of the discharge mixed liquid and the adjustment of the liquid flow are adjusted at the head end where the discharge port of the outflow passage is located. It is also possible to adopt a configuration that uses an attachment that is detachably attached to the device.

本発明のミキシングヘッドによれば、混合室内の圧力の保持と同時に、プラスチックフォーム薬液を狭い領域を急速膨張させつつ通過させることにより、混合度を上げながら緩やかな圧力の開放が同時に達成される。その結果、従来のミキシングヘッドで問題とされていた混合液の爆発的な吐出による発泡ガスの放出を防ぐことができ、フォームの発泡倍率を上げて均一なセル径のプラスチックフォームを得ることができるという従来にない格別の効果を奏することができる。   According to the mixing head of the present invention, at the same time as maintaining the pressure in the mixing chamber, the plastic foam chemical liquid is allowed to pass through a narrow region while rapidly expanding, thereby simultaneously releasing a gentle pressure while increasing the degree of mixing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the release of foaming gas due to explosive discharge of the mixed liquid, which has been a problem with conventional mixing heads, and to increase the foaming ratio of the foam to obtain a plastic foam with a uniform cell diameter. An unprecedented effect can be achieved.

また、本発明のミキシングヘッドによれば、絞りピストンのストロークを外部から簡単に調節することができるので、混合液に吐出量や発泡ガス量に応じた混合室の内圧調整を容易に行うことができる。更に、本発明のミキシングヘッドは、各ピストンが吐出後の残液を押し出すために洗浄不要になる。   Further, according to the mixing head of the present invention, the stroke of the throttle piston can be easily adjusted from the outside, so that it is possible to easily adjust the internal pressure of the mixing chamber according to the discharge amount and the amount of foam gas in the mixed liquid. it can. Furthermore, the mixing head of the present invention eliminates the need for cleaning because each piston pushes out the remaining liquid after discharge.

次に、本発明の実施の形態例を図に拠り説明する。図１は、薬液循環中の本発明ミキシングヘッドの一例の内部構造を示す正断面図、図２は、図１に示したミキシングヘッドを底面側から見た要部拡大断面図、図３は、混合液吐出中の本発明ミキシングヘッドの一例の内部構造を示す正断面図、図４は、図３に示したミキシングヘッドを底面側から見た要部拡大断面図、図５は、図３に示したミキシングヘッドにおける混合室の要部拡大正断面図、図６は、図５のＸ−Ｘ矢視線断面図、図７は、ミキシングヘッドにおいて二酸化炭素の混入させる装置の断面図、図８は、図７の装置において二酸化炭素混入状態をしめす断面図、図９は、ヘッド先端に装着したホース状アタッチメントの一部切截断面図、図10は、ヘッド先端に装着したＬ型管状アタッチメントの断面図、図11は、フリー発泡密度を示すグラフ図、図12は、混合室の内圧と絞りピストンの挿入量の関係を示すグラフ図、図13は、絞りピストンの挿入量とフォームの密度の関係を示すグラフ図、図14は、フォームの型における金型フリー密度（金型の最小充填発泡ポリウレタン質量をその金型容積で割った密度）を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図、図15は、フォームの熱伝導率を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図、図16は、フォームのセル径，金型フリー密度，熱伝導率を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図である。   Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing an internal structure of an example of the mixing head of the present invention during circulation of a chemical solution, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part when the mixing head shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from the bottom side, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a front sectional view showing an internal structure of an example of the mixing head of the present invention during discharge of a mixed liquid, FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the mixing head shown in FIG. 3 viewed from the bottom side, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line XX of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an apparatus for mixing carbon dioxide in the mixing head, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a carbon dioxide mixed state in the apparatus of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a partially cut-away cross-sectional view of a hose attachment attached to the head tip, and FIG. 10 is a cross-section of an L-shaped tubular attachment attached to the head tip. Fig. 11 shows free foam density FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the internal pressure of the mixing chamber and the amount of insertion of the throttle piston, FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of insertion of the throttle piston and the density of the foam, and FIG. Fig. 15 is a graph comparing the mold free density (the density obtained by dividing the minimum filled foam polyurethane mass of the mold by the mold volume) with the conventional head, and Fig. 15 shows the thermal conductivity of the foam with the conventional head. FIG. 16 is a graph comparing foam cell diameter, mold free density, and thermal conductivity with a conventional head.

図において、１は、本発明の一例のミキシングヘッド、２は、ミキシングヘッド１における２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂの混合液を吐出する流出通路、2aはこの流出通路２の吐出口、３は、２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂを注入する混合室側のシリンダ、3aはこのシリンダ３の位置検知センサー、４は、調節室側のシリンダ、4aはこのシリンダ４の位置検知センサーである。なお、２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂとしては、代表例として硬質ポリウレタンフォームを製造するためのイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分の薬液が挙げられるが、ウレタン原料に限らず、エポキシ樹脂，フェノール樹脂，メトン樹脂などのフォームを製造するための２液が混合し反応する薬液原料であればいずれも使用することができる。また、本発明は、図示しないが２液以上の薬液が混合してフォームを製造する場合にも適用することができる。   In the figure, 1 is a mixing head of an example of the present invention, 2 is an outflow passage for discharging a mixture of two types of plastic foam chemicals A and B in the mixing head 1, 2a is an outlet of the outflow passage 2, 3 Is a cylinder on the mixing chamber side for injecting two types of plastic foam chemicals A and B, 3a is a position detection sensor for the cylinder 3, 4 is a cylinder on the adjustment chamber side, and 4a is a position detection sensor for the cylinder 4. . As the two types of plastic foam chemicals A and B, representative examples include a chemical solution of an isocyanate component and a polyol component for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, but not limited to urethane raw materials, epoxy resin, phenol resin, methone Any chemical raw material can be used as long as the two liquids for producing a foam such as a resin are mixed and reacted. In addition, the present invention can also be applied to the case where a foam is manufactured by mixing two or more liquid chemicals although not shown.

５は、混合室側シリンダ３における混合室で、流出通路２に交叉して開口している。5aは、混合室５の内壁に設けたプラスチックフォーム薬液Ａを注入する注入口、5bは、同じく注入口5aと対向させて設けたプラスチックフォーム薬液Ｂを注入する混合室５の内壁に設けた注入口である。また、5cは、注入口5a側の混合室５の壁に設けたＡ液循環路、5dは、同じく注入口5b側の混合室５の壁に設けたＢ液循環路で、これら循環路5c，5dは、後述するように上記の薬液Ａ，Ｂを混合吐出しないとき、薬液Ａ，Ｂをそれぞれ原料薬液供給側に戻すためのものである。   Reference numeral 5 denotes a mixing chamber in the mixing chamber side cylinder 3, which crosses and opens to the outflow passage 2. 5a is an inlet for injecting a plastic foam chemical A provided on the inner wall of the mixing chamber 5, and 5b is a note provided on the inner wall of the mixing chamber 5 for injecting a plastic foam chemical B similarly provided facing the inlet 5a. It is the entrance. Further, 5c is a liquid A circulation path provided on the wall of the mixing chamber 5 on the inlet 5a side, and 5d is a liquid B circulation path similarly provided on the wall of the mixing chamber 5 on the inlet 5b side. , 5d is for returning the chemicals A and B to the raw chemical supply side when the chemicals A and B are not mixed and discharged as described later.

６は、流出通路２を挟んで混合室５に対設した調節室側シリンダ４における調節室、７は、混合室５に収挿された注入ピストン、８は、調節室６に収挿された注入ピストン７より径が小さい絞りピストン、９は、この絞りピストン８のストローク長さを調節するための調節ナットである。   6 is an adjustment chamber in the adjustment chamber side cylinder 4 provided to the mixing chamber 5 with the outflow passage 2 interposed therebetween, 7 is an injection piston inserted into the mixing chamber 5, and 8 is inserted into the adjustment chamber 6. A throttle piston 9 having a smaller diameter than the injection piston 7 is an adjustment nut for adjusting the stroke length of the throttle piston 8.

注入ピストン７は、混合室５内を、その先端7aが開口ｋの位置から注入口5a，5bを開放する位置、具体的には、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂが、混合室５内に注入される位置までの間を往復動するようになっている。7bは、混合室側シリンダ３に収挿されている注入ピストン７の駆動板である。また、7cは、注入ピストン７の長さ方向の側壁に凹設した注入口5a側のＡ液循環溝、7dは、同じく注入ピストン７の長さ方向の側壁に凹設した注入口5b側のＢ液循環溝である。なお、注入ピストン７の往復動は、ここでは油圧により駆動しているが、電動モータなどにより駆動するようにしてもよい。   The injection piston 7 is injected into the mixing chamber 5 at a position where the tip 7a opens the injection ports 5a and 5b from the position of the opening k, specifically, the plastic foam chemicals A and B are injected into the mixing chamber 5. It is designed to reciprocate between the two positions. Reference numeral 7 b denotes a drive plate for the injection piston 7 which is inserted into the mixing chamber side cylinder 3. Further, 7c is an A liquid circulation groove on the side of the injection port 5a that is recessed in the side wall in the length direction of the injection piston 7, and 7d is the side of the injection port 5b that is also recessed in the side wall in the length direction of the injection piston 7. B liquid circulation groove. The reciprocation of the injection piston 7 is driven by hydraulic pressure here, but may be driven by an electric motor or the like.

10は、流出通路２に接続するクリーニングシリンダ、10aは、クリーニングシリンダ10の位置検知センサー、11は、流出通路２に収挿されたクリーニングピストン、11aは、このピストン11の先端、11bは、クリーニングシリンダ10に収挿されているクリーニングピストン11の駆動板である。クリーニングピストン11は、その先端11aが交叉する混合室５の開口ｋが開放された位置から吐出口2aまで往復動する。クリーニングピストン11の往復動は、注入ピストン７と同様に油圧駆動のほか、電動モータなどにより駆動するようにしてもよい。なお、各シリンダに設けている位置検知センサーは、それぞれのシリンダのピストンの位置を確認し、注入ピストン７、絞りピストン８、クリーニングピストン11が干渉しないようにするために用いる。   10 is a cleaning cylinder connected to the outflow passage 2, 10a is a position detection sensor for the cleaning cylinder 10, 11 is a cleaning piston inserted in the outflow passage 2, 11a is a tip of the piston 11, and 11b is a cleaning cylinder. This is a drive plate for the cleaning piston 11 inserted in the cylinder 10. The cleaning piston 11 reciprocates from the position where the opening k of the mixing chamber 5 where the tip 11a intersects to the discharge port 2a. The reciprocating motion of the cleaning piston 11 may be driven by an electric motor or the like in addition to the hydraulic drive similarly to the injection piston 7. The position detection sensor provided in each cylinder is used to confirm the position of the piston of each cylinder so that the injection piston 7, the throttle piston 8, and the cleaning piston 11 do not interfere with each other.

次に、図５，図６により、絞りピストン８の混合室５への挿入について説明する。絞りピストン８は注入ピストン７より小径であるが、詳細には、注入ピストンの断面積の７０％以上９８％未満、好ましくは、８０〜９０％の断面積にする。絞りピストン８の断面積が９８％未満より大きいと混合室５の内圧が大きくなりすぎ、混合状態が悪くなってしまう。他方、７０％より小さいと内圧が小さくなりすぎ、急激に圧力が開放されてしまうので飛散を伴う爆発的な吐出となり、発泡ガスが放出されて発泡倍率を上げることができない。   Next, the insertion of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. Although the throttle piston 8 has a smaller diameter than the injection piston 7, in detail, it is 70% or more and less than 98%, preferably 80 to 90% of the cross-sectional area of the injection piston. If the cross-sectional area of the throttle piston 8 is larger than 98%, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 becomes excessively large, and the mixing state is deteriorated. On the other hand, if the pressure is less than 70%, the internal pressure becomes too small and the pressure is suddenly released, so explosive discharge with scattering occurs, and the foaming gas is released, so that the expansion ratio cannot be increased.

混合室５の内圧は、注入ピストン７の断面積に対する絞りピストン８の断面積の割合のほか、本発明では、絞りピストン８の混合室５への挿入長さによる挿入率によっても調節する。本発明では、クリーニングピストン11を引上げ、その先端11aを開口ｋの少し上に位置づけた後、薬液Ａ，Ｂが注入口5a，5bから混合室５内へ注入されると同時に絞りピストン８を、そのストロークを制御しつつ混合室５に挿入する。ここで絞りピストン８の混合室５への挿入率は、絞りピストン８の先端8aが混合室５の開口ｋの位置にあるときを０％、混合室５の開口ｋから注入ピストン７のストロークの最大深さをＤ、開口ｋから挿入した絞りピストン８の先端8aまでの距離をｄとすると、Ｄ／ｄ×１００（％）で求めることができる。本発明では、この絞りピストン８の混合室への挿入率は、混合室５のストローク深さの５％以上８０％未満、好ましくは２０〜５０％で制御している。８０％以上であると混合室５の内圧が大きくなりすぎ、混合状態が悪くなってしまう。他方、５％未満であると内圧が小さくなり、急激に圧力が開放されて飛散を伴う爆発的な吐出となって発泡ガスが放出されてしまい発泡倍率を上げることができない。絞りピストン８の混合室５への挿入率は、絞りピストン８の調節ナット９により絞りピストン８のストローク長さを調節して行う。   The internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 is adjusted not only by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the throttle piston 8 to the cross-sectional area of the injection piston 7 but also by the insertion rate depending on the insertion length of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber 5 in the present invention. In the present invention, after the cleaning piston 11 is pulled up and its tip 11a is positioned slightly above the opening k, the chemicals A and B are injected into the mixing chamber 5 from the injection ports 5a and 5b, and at the same time, the throttle piston 8 is The stroke is inserted into the mixing chamber 5 while being controlled. Here, the insertion rate of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber 5 is 0% when the tip 8a of the throttle piston 8 is at the position of the opening k of the mixing chamber 5, and the stroke of the injection piston 7 from the opening k of the mixing chamber 5 is as follows. If the maximum depth is D and the distance from the opening k to the tip 8a of the throttle piston 8 inserted is d, it can be obtained by D / d × 100 (%). In the present invention, the insertion rate of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber is controlled to be not less than 5% and less than 80%, preferably 20 to 50% of the stroke depth of the mixing chamber 5. If it is 80% or more, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 becomes too large, and the mixed state becomes worse. On the other hand, if it is less than 5%, the internal pressure becomes small, the pressure is suddenly released and explosive discharge accompanied with scattering occurs, and the foaming gas is released, so that the foaming ratio cannot be increased. The insertion rate of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber 5 is performed by adjusting the stroke length of the throttle piston 8 with the adjusting nut 9 of the throttle piston 8.

本発明では、混合室５の内圧は、上述したように絞りピストン８の断面積、及び、絞りピストン８の混合室５への挿入率を調節することにより０．５ＭＰａ以上２ＭＰａ以下に保持するようにしている。本発明は、この範囲内で混合室５の内圧を保持すると共に、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａと薬液Ｂが混合室５で混合し絞りピストン８の外周面と混合室５の内壁面の狭い領域を急速膨張しながら通過するので、混合度を上げながら緩やかな圧力の開放が同時に達成される。   In the present invention, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 is maintained at 0.5 MPa or more and 2 MPa or less by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the throttle piston 8 and the insertion rate of the throttle piston 8 into the mixing chamber 5 as described above. I have to. In the present invention, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 is maintained within this range, and the plastic foam chemical liquid A and the chemical liquid B are mixed in the mixing chamber 5 so that the narrow area between the outer peripheral surface of the throttle piston 8 and the inner wall surface of the mixing chamber 5 is rapidly increased. Since it passes while expanding, a gentle pressure release is simultaneously achieved while increasing the degree of mixing.

次に、本発明ミキシングヘッド１は、断続ショットが可能で、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂを混合吐出させないときは、図１，図２に示したように、絞りピストン８を後退させて調節室６内に引込むと共に、注入ピストン７をその先端7aを開口ｋまで前進させ、その状態で、クリーニングピストン11を押下げる。この状態では、注入口5aからの薬液Ａは、注入ピストン７のＡ液循環溝7cと混合室５の内壁の間を通り、Ａ液循環路5cを経て原料薬液供給側に戻され循環する。また、注入口5bからの薬液Ｂは、注入ピストン７のＢ液循環溝7dと混合室５の内壁の間を通り、Ｂ液循環路5dを経て原料薬液供給側に戻され循環する。   Next, the mixing head 1 of the present invention can perform intermittent shots, and when the plastic foam chemicals A and B are not mixed and discharged, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. While being drawn in, the tip 7a of the injection piston 7 is advanced to the opening k, and the cleaning piston 11 is pushed down in this state. In this state, the chemical liquid A from the injection port 5a passes between the A liquid circulation groove 7c of the injection piston 7 and the inner wall of the mixing chamber 5, and returns to the raw chemical liquid supply side via the A liquid circulation path 5c and circulates. Further, the chemical solution B from the injection port 5b passes between the B solution circulation groove 7d of the injection piston 7 and the inner wall of the mixing chamber 5 and returns to the raw material solution supply side through the B solution circulation path 5d and circulates.

絞りピストン８のストローク制御は、本実施例では上述したように調節ナット９をミキシングヘッド１の外部から回転させることにより行っているが、このストローク制御を、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂのいずれかの圧力又は薬液Ａ，Ｂの両方の圧力を検出し、その検出した値に基づきアクチュエータにより自動的に行うようにしてもよい。例えば、絞りピストン８を油圧駆動する場合は、アクチュエータにより比例電磁式制御弁を駆動して行うことができ、また、絞りピストン８を電動モータにより駆動する場合は、アクチュエータによりサーボモータ等位置制御することにより行うことができる（ともに図示せず）。   In this embodiment, the stroke control of the throttle piston 8 is performed by rotating the adjustment nut 9 from the outside of the mixing head 1 as described above. This stroke control is performed by either one of the plastic foam chemicals A and B. The pressure or both pressures of the chemicals A and B may be detected and automatically performed by an actuator based on the detected value. For example, when the throttle piston 8 is hydraulically driven, the proportional electromagnetic control valve can be driven by an actuator, and when the throttle piston 8 is driven by an electric motor, the position of the servo motor or the like is controlled by the actuator. (Both not shown).

本発明では、発泡剤として二酸化炭素を使用するのが好ましいが、他の低沸点ガス、二酸化炭素と他の低沸点ガスの混合ガスを発泡剤として使用することもできる。他の低沸点ガスとしては、窒素等の不活性ガス、ペンタン等の炭化水素類、ハイドロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＦＣ〕，ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＣＦＣ〕、ハイドロフルオロエーテル〔ＨＦＥ〕などが挙げられる。勿論、発泡剤として超臨界及び／又は亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素を使用することもできる。また、水とイソシアネートの反応により生成する二酸化炭素を併せて使用する事もできる。超臨界及び／又は亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素を使用する場合は、ポリウレタンフォーム薬液の混合液（ポリオール成分薬液とイソシアネート成分薬液の混合液）に対し0.3wt％以上混入するのが望ましい。これらの発泡ガスは、通常は、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂの原料タンクからそれぞれ原料供給ラインを経てミキシングヘッド１に至るまでの間に薬液Ａ，Ｂの少なくともいずれか一方に混入されるが、ミキシングヘッド１において発泡ガスを混入するようにしてもよい。   In the present invention, carbon dioxide is preferably used as the foaming agent, but other low-boiling gas, or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and another low-boiling gas can also be used as the foaming agent. Examples of other low boiling point gases include inert gases such as nitrogen, hydrocarbons such as pentane, hydrofluorocarbon [HFC], hydrochlorofluorocarbon [HCFC], and hydrofluoroether [HFE]. Of course, carbon dioxide in a supercritical and / or subcritical state can also be used as the blowing agent. Carbon dioxide produced by the reaction of water and isocyanate can also be used together. When carbon dioxide in a supercritical and / or subcritical state is used, it is desirable to mix 0.3 wt% or more with respect to a mixed liquid of polyurethane foam chemical (mixture of polyol component chemical and isocyanate component chemical). These foaming gases are usually mixed into at least one of the chemical liquids A and B from the plastic foam chemical liquid A and B raw material tanks through the raw material supply line to the mixing head 1. A foaming gas may be mixed in the head 1.

ここでは図７，図８により、ミキシングヘッド１においてプラスチックフォーム薬液Ａに二酸化炭素を混入させる例について説明する。図７，図８において、12は、低沸点ガスの供給切替装置、13は、この装置12内のガス供給室14に収挿された切替ピストン、15は、この切替ピストン13のガス供給室14に対し二酸化炭素を供給するガス供給装置である。図７は、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂを循環させている状態を示し、この状態では、切替ピストン13は前進させられていて二酸化炭素はガス供給室14に供給されないため、二酸化炭素を混入しない状態で薬液Ａを循環させることができる。図８は、プラスチックフォーム薬液Ａ，Ｂを混合吐出させている状態を示し、この状態では、切替ピストン13は後進させられていて二酸化炭素はガス供給室14に供給され薬液Ａに混入された状態で薬液Ｂと混合し吐出される。   Here, an example in which carbon dioxide is mixed into the plastic foam chemical liquid A in the mixing head 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, reference numeral 12 denotes a low-boiling-point gas supply switching device, 13 denotes a switching piston inserted in a gas supply chamber 14 in the device 12, and 15 denotes a gas supply chamber 14 of the switching piston 13. It is a gas supply apparatus which supplies a carbon dioxide with respect to. FIG. 7 shows a state in which the plastic foam chemicals A and B are circulated. In this state, the switching piston 13 is advanced and carbon dioxide is not supplied to the gas supply chamber 14, so that carbon dioxide is not mixed. The chemical solution A can be circulated. FIG. 8 shows a state in which the plastic foam chemicals A and B are mixed and discharged. In this state, the switching piston 13 is moved backward, and carbon dioxide is supplied to the gas supply chamber 14 and mixed into the chemical A. Then, it is mixed with the chemical B and discharged.

次に、本発明のミキシングヘッド１では、絞りピストン８の断面積，ストロークの調節により混合室５の内圧を調節することができ、流出通路２の吐出口2aからの混合液の吐出圧力をも制御することができるが、本発明では、吐出口2aが位置するヘッド先端に図９に示したようなホース状のアタッチメント16、或は、図10に示したようなＬ型管状のアタッチメント17を取付け、これらのアタッチメント16，17により吐出混合液の圧力を保持し、また、吐出混合液の液流の調節をすることもできる。17aは、アタッチメント17の調節ネジである。18，19は、それぞれアタッチメント16，17のヘッド先端への止具である。なお、アタッチメント16，17は、プラスチック，金属管等で形成され、成型品の形状，寸法に合せて長さを0〜３ｍ程度に調節する。   Next, in the mixing head 1 of the present invention, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the cross-sectional area and stroke of the throttle piston 8, and the discharge pressure of the mixed liquid from the discharge port 2a of the outflow passage 2 can be adjusted. In the present invention, a hose-like attachment 16 as shown in FIG. 9 or an L-shaped tubular attachment 17 as shown in FIG. 10 is provided at the head end where the discharge port 2a is located. The pressure of the discharged mixed liquid can be maintained by the attachments 16 and 17 and the flow of the discharged mixed liquid can be adjusted. 17 a is an adjustment screw of the attachment 17. Reference numerals 18 and 19 denote stoppers to the head tips of the attachments 16 and 17, respectively. The attachments 16 and 17 are made of plastic, metal pipes, etc., and the length is adjusted to about 0 to 3 m according to the shape and size of the molded product.

本発明の一例のミキシングヘッド１は上述した通りであるが、本発明のミキシングヘッドはこれに限られるものではない。   Although the mixing head 1 of an example of the present invention is as described above, the mixing head of the present invention is not limited to this.

次に、原料としてポリウレタンフォーム薬液（ポリオール成分薬液とイソシアネート成分薬液）を使用し、本発明のミキシングヘッド１と通常のＬ型ヘッドによりポリウレタンフォームを製造したときに製造されたポリウレタンフォームのセル径，密度，熱伝導率などについての実証データを下記の表１〜表４に示すと共に、それぞれ図11〜図16のグラフ図により示す。本発明のミキシングヘッドにおける絞りピストンの断面積は、注入ピストンの断面積の８３％にして実験を行った。また、本実験では、混合室の全長を１５ｍｍにし、絞りピストンの先端が混合室の開口から何ｍｍ挿入したかを「挿入量（ｍｍ）」とし、混合室の全長を１５ｍｍに対する挿入割合を「挿入率（％）」で表示している（下記の表２，表３参照）。なお、通常のＬ型ヘッドには、東邦機械製MS-215Ｌ型（アジャスター調整タイプ）を使用した。   Next, a polyurethane foam chemical solution (polyol component chemical solution and isocyanate component chemical solution) is used as a raw material, and the cell diameter of the polyurethane foam produced when the polyurethane foam is produced by the mixing head 1 of the present invention and a normal L-type head, Demonstration data on density, thermal conductivity, and the like are shown in Tables 1 to 4 below, and are shown in the graphs of FIGS. The experiment was conducted by setting the sectional area of the throttle piston in the mixing head of the present invention to 83% of the sectional area of the injection piston. Further, in this experiment, the total length of the mixing chamber was set to 15 mm, the number of mm from which the tip of the throttle piston was inserted from the opening of the mixing chamber was set as “insertion amount (mm)”, and the insertion ratio with respect to the total length of the mixing chamber was 15 mm. Insertion rate (%) ”(see Tables 2 and 3 below). As a normal L-type head, MS-215L type (adjuster adjustment type) manufactured by Toho Machine was used.

下記の表１〜表４において、表１は，フリー発泡密度を、表２は、混合室の内圧と絞りピストンの挿入率（％）（及び挿入量（ｍｍ））の関係を、表３は、絞りピストンの挿入率（％）（及び挿入量（ｍｍ））とフォームの密度の関係を、表４は、フォームのセル径，金型フリー密度，熱伝導率の従来のヘッドとの比較を示している。
なお、金型フリー密度は、内側寸法２００ｍｍ×４０ｍｍ×１０００ｍｍの金型の１０００ｍｍｍ方向を開放して発泡した場合のポリウレタンフォーム密度である。フリー発泡密度は、内径２２５ｍｍ×２８３０ｍｍのプラスチック製円筒容器に高さ（２８３０ｍｍ）方向がフリーな状態で成型したポリウレタンフォームの表層を含まない芯部分で測定した密度である。この金型フリー密度、フリー発泡密度ともに、ＪＩＳ Ａ ９５１１に従って測定した。 In Tables 1 to 4 below, Table 1 shows the free foaming density, Table 2 shows the relationship between the internal pressure of the mixing chamber and the insertion rate (%) (and insertion amount (mm)) of the throttle piston, and Table 3 shows Table 4 shows the relationship between the insertion ratio (%) of the throttle piston (and the insertion amount (mm)) and the density of the foam, and Table 4 compares the foam cell diameter, mold free density, and thermal conductivity with the conventional head. Show.
The mold free density is a polyurethane foam density when foaming is performed by opening a 1000 mm mm direction of a mold having an inner dimension of 200 mm × 40 mm × 1000 mm. The free foaming density is a density measured at a core portion not including a surface layer of polyurethane foam molded in a state where the height (2830 mm) direction is free in a plastic cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 225 mm × 2830 mm. Both the mold free density and free foaming density were measured according to JIS A 9511.

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表１から通常のＬ型ヘッドと比較して本発明のミキシングヘッドではＣＯ2混合量が多い１％以上でもポリウレタンフォームのフリー発泡密度が小さくなり、効率的に二酸化炭素（ＣＯ2）が発泡に活用されている事が分かる。
表２から、本発明のミキシングヘッドでは、絞りピストンの混合室に対する挿入量により、混合室の内圧を制御できることが分かる。
表３から、本発明のミキシングヘッドでは、ＣＯ2混合量が１．５％の場合には挿入率（挿入量）が０〜２０％までは大きくなるに従いポリウレタンフォームのフリー発泡密度が小さくなり、挿入率（挿入量）が２０〜４６．７％では、ポリウレタンフォームのフリー発泡密度がほぼ一定になり、効率的に二酸化炭素（ＣＯ2）が発泡に活用されている事が分かる。
表４から、本発明のミキシングヘッドを使用した場合は、従来の通常のＬ型ヘッドを使用した場合と比較してセル径が略等しいときでも金型フリー密度を低下させることができることが分かる。これにより本発明のミキシングヘッドを使用した場合は、従来の通常のＬ型ヘッドを使用した場合よりも発泡倍率が向上し、熱伝導率を下げることができる。 Table 1 from the free foam density of the polyurethane foam even 1% or more greater CO 2 mixed amount is small at the mixing head compared to the present invention with the conventional L-type head, efficiently in carbon dioxide (CO 2) is foamed You can see that it is being used.
From Table 2, it can be seen that in the mixing head of the present invention, the internal pressure of the mixing chamber can be controlled by the amount of insertion of the throttle piston into the mixing chamber.
From Table 3, in the mixing head of the present invention, when the CO 2 mixing amount is 1.5%, the free foaming density of the polyurethane foam decreases as the insertion rate (insertion amount) increases from 0 to 20%. in the insertion rate (insertion amount) of from 20 to 46.7%, free foaming density of the polyurethane foam is substantially constant, it is found that efficient carbon dioxide (CO 2) is utilized to foam.
From Table 4, it can be seen that when the mixing head of the present invention is used, the mold free density can be reduced even when the cell diameter is substantially equal as compared with the case of using the conventional ordinary L-type head. As a result, when the mixing head of the present invention is used, the expansion ratio can be improved and the thermal conductivity can be lowered as compared with the case where the conventional ordinary L-type head is used.

本発明ミキシングヘッドによれば、発泡剤を混入した少なくとも２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液を加圧状態で混合吐出する場合、通常のＬ型ヘッドと比較し、絞りピストンのストロークを調節して混合室の内圧を制御し、圧力を徐々に開放させることができるので、爆発的な吐出を防ぎ発泡倍率を上げることができ、その結果、プラスチックフォームの熱伝導率を低下させることができる。また、本発明ミキシングヘッドは、ポリウレタン樹脂，エポキシ樹脂，フェノール樹脂，メトン樹脂などのフォームを製造するための少なくとも２液が混合し反応する薬液原料であればいずれも使用することができる。更に、本発明では、発泡剤として二酸化炭素のほか、ペンタン等の炭化水素類、ハイドロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＦＣ〕，ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン〔ＨＣＦＣ〕などを使用することができ、超臨界及び／又は亜臨界状態の二酸化炭素も使用することができる。   According to the mixing head of the present invention, when at least two kinds of plastic foam chemicals mixed with a foaming agent are mixed and discharged in a pressurized state, the stroke of the squeezing piston is adjusted in comparison with a normal L-type head. Since the internal pressure can be controlled and the pressure can be gradually released, explosive discharge can be prevented and the expansion ratio can be increased. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the plastic foam can be lowered. In addition, the mixing head of the present invention can be used as long as it is a chemical raw material in which at least two liquids for producing foams such as polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, and methone resin are mixed and reacted. Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons such as pentane, hydrofluorocarbon [HFC], hydrochlorofluorocarbon [HCFC] and the like can be used as the foaming agent, and the supercritical and / or subcritical state can be used. Carbon dioxide can also be used.

薬液循環中の本発明ミキシングヘッドの一例の内部構造を示す正断面図。The front sectional view showing the internal structure of an example of the mixing head of the present invention during the circulation of the chemical liquid. 図１に示したミキシングヘッドを底面側から見た要部拡大断面図。The principal part expanded sectional view which looked at the mixing head shown in FIG. 1 from the bottom face side. 混合液吐出中の本発明ミキシングヘッドの一例の内部構造を示す正断面図。FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing an internal structure of an example of the mixing head of the present invention during discharge of a mixed liquid. 図３に示したミキシングヘッドを底面側から見た要部拡大断面図。The principal part expanded sectional view which looked at the mixing head shown in FIG. 3 from the bottom face side. 図３に示したミキシングヘッドにおける混合室の要部拡大正断面図。The principal part expansion front sectional view of the mixing chamber in the mixing head shown in FIG. 図５のＸ−Ｘ矢視線断面図。FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 5. ミキシングヘッドにおいて二酸化炭素の混入させる装置の断面図。Sectional drawing of the apparatus which mixes in a carbon dioxide in a mixing head. 図７の装置において二酸化炭素混入状態をしめす断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the carbon dioxide mixing state in the apparatus of FIG. ヘッド先端に装着したホース状アタッチメントの一部切截断面図。A partially cut-away cross-sectional view of a hose attachment attached to the tip of a head. ヘッド先端に装着したＬ型管状アタッチメントの断面図。Sectional drawing of the L-shaped tubular attachment with which the head tip was mounted | worn. フリー発泡密度を示すグラフ図。The graph which shows free foaming density. 混合室の内圧と絞りピストンの挿入量の関係を示すグラフ図。The graph which shows the relationship between the internal pressure of a mixing chamber, and the insertion amount of a throttle piston. 絞りピストンの挿入量とフォームの密度の関係を示すグラフ図。The graph which shows the relationship between the insertion amount of an aperture piston, and the density of a foam. フォームの金型フリー密度を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図。The graph which compared the mold free density of foam with the conventional head. フォームの熱伝導率を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図。The graph which compared the thermal conductivity of foam with the conventional head. フォームのセル径，金型フリー密度，熱伝導率を従来のヘッドと比較したグラフ図。The graph which compared the cell diameter of a foam, mold free density, and thermal conductivity with the conventional head.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ミキシングヘッド
２ 流出通路
2a 吐出口
３ 混合室側シリンダ
４ 調節室側シリンダ
５ 混合室
5a，5b 注入口
６ 調節室
７ 注入ピストン
８ 絞りピストン
９ 調節ナット
10 クリーニングシリンダ
11 クリーニングピストン
12 低沸点ガスの供給切替装置
13 切替ピストン
14 ガス供給室
15 ガス供給装置
16，17 アタッチメント
18，19 止具
20 パッキン
Ａ，Ｂ プラスチックフォーム薬液
ｋ 開口 1 Mixing head 2 Outflow passage
2a Discharge port 3 Mixing chamber side cylinder 4 Control chamber side cylinder 5 Mixing chamber
5a, 5b Inlet 6 Adjustment chamber 7 Injection piston 8 Throttle piston 9 Adjustment nut
10 Cleaning cylinder
11 Cleaning piston
12 Low boiling point gas supply switching device
13 Switching piston
14 Gas supply room
15 Gas supply device
16, 17 attachment
18, 19 Stopper
20 Packing A, B Plastic foam chemical k Opening

Claims (10)

発泡剤を混入した少なくとも２種のプラスチックフォーム薬液を加圧状態で混合吐出するミキシングヘッドにおいて、
吐出口を有する流出通路と、該流出通路に交叉して開口し内壁に前記薬液の注入口を形成した混合室と、前記流出通路を挟んで前記混合室に対設した調節室と、該混合室に収挿され前記開口部から前記注入口の開放位置までの間を往復動する注入ピストンと、該調節室に収挿され前記混合室内に進退する前記注入ピストンより径が小さい絞りピストンを備え、
前記薬液が前記注入口から混合室内へ注入されると同時に前記絞りピストンを、そのストロークを制御しつつ混合室に挿入しその挿入率を調節することにより、前記混合室内の圧力を調節すると共に吐出時における混合液の急激な膨張を抑えるようにしたことを特徴とする圧力制御機構を備えたミキシングヘッド。 In a mixing head that mixes and discharges at least two types of plastic foam chemicals mixed with a foaming agent under pressure,
An outflow passage having a discharge port; a mixing chamber that is opened to intersect the outflow passage and has an injection port for the chemical solution formed on an inner wall; a control chamber that faces the mixing chamber across the outflow passage; An injection piston that is inserted into a chamber and reciprocates between the opening and the opening of the injection port, and a throttle piston that is inserted into the adjustment chamber and moves back and forth into the mixing chamber and has a smaller diameter than the injection piston. ,
The chemical solution is injected into the mixing chamber from the injection port, and at the same time, the throttle piston is inserted into the mixing chamber while controlling its stroke, and the insertion rate is adjusted, thereby adjusting the pressure in the mixing chamber and discharging. A mixing head provided with a pressure control mechanism characterized by suppressing rapid expansion of the liquid mixture at the time. 流出通路には、交叉する混合室の開口位置から吐出口まで往復動するクリーニングピストンを収挿した請求項１のミキシングヘッド。   2. The mixing head according to claim 1, wherein a cleaning piston that reciprocates from the opening position of the crossing mixing chamber to the discharge port is inserted in the outflow passage. 絞りピストンの断面積は、注入ピストンの断面積の７０％以上９８％未満に形成した請求項１又は２のミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cross-sectional area of the throttle piston is 70% or more and less than 98% of a cross-sectional area of the injection piston. 絞りピストンの混合室への挿入率は、混合室のストローク深さの５％以上８０％未満である請求項１〜３のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an insertion ratio of the throttle piston into the mixing chamber is 5% or more and less than 80% of a stroke depth of the mixing chamber. 混合室内の圧力は、絞りピストンの断面積、及び、絞りピストンの混合室への挿入率を調節することにより０．５ＭＰａ以上２ＭＰａ以下に保持する請求項１〜４のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressure in the mixing chamber is maintained at 0.5 MPa or more and 2 MPa or less by adjusting a sectional area of the throttle piston and an insertion rate of the throttle piston into the mixing chamber. 絞りピストンのストローク制御は、少なくとも１種のプラスチックフォーム薬液の圧力に基づきアクチュエータにより自動で行う請求項１〜５のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   6. The mixing head according to claim 1, wherein the stroke control of the throttle piston is automatically performed by an actuator based on the pressure of at least one plastic foam chemical. 発泡剤は、二酸化炭素、又は、二酸化炭素と他の低沸点ガスの混合ガスである請求項１〜６のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the foaming agent is carbon dioxide or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and another low-boiling gas. 発泡剤の混入は、混合室に注入する前のプラスチックフォーム薬液に対し行うか、又は、当該混合室の内部で行う請求項１〜７のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein mixing of the foaming agent is performed on the plastic foam chemical before being injected into the mixing chamber or inside the mixing chamber. 低沸点ガスの供給切替機構を備えた請求項１〜８のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to claim 1, further comprising a low-boiling point gas supply switching mechanism. 吐出混合液の圧力保持及び液流の調節は、流出通路の吐出口が位置するヘッド先端に着脱可能に取付けたアタッチメントにより行う請求項１〜９のいずれかのミキシングヘッド。   The mixing head according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pressure holding of the discharged mixed liquid and the adjustment of the liquid flow are performed by an attachment removably attached to a head end where the discharge port of the outflow passage is located.
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