JP2009035806A - Trivalent chromium plating bath and method of preparing the same - Google Patents

Trivalent chromium plating bath and method of preparing the same Download PDF

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JP2009035806A
JP2009035806A JP2007242472A JP2007242472A JP2009035806A JP 2009035806 A JP2009035806 A JP 2009035806A JP 2007242472 A JP2007242472 A JP 2007242472A JP 2007242472 A JP2007242472 A JP 2007242472A JP 2009035806 A JP2009035806 A JP 2009035806A
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trivalent chromium
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chromium plating
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JP5322083B2 (en
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Junichi Katayama
順一 片山
Shingo Nagamine
伸吾 永峯
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Okuno Chemical Industries Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a trivalent chromium plating bath by which a plated film having a smooth surface, high corrosion resistance and satisfactory wear resistance is obtained with high productivity. <P>SOLUTION: The trivalent chromium plating bath contains following components (1)-(4), that are, (1) a trivalent chromium complex solution obtained by holding at least one kind of component selected from aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acids and the salts and an aqueous solution containing a trivalent chromium compound under heating , (2) a conductive salt, (3) a pH buffer agent and (4) at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from a group comprising compounds having SO<SB>2</SB>group and compounds having SO<SB>3</SB>group. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、3価クロム化合物を含むめっき浴及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a plating bath containing a trivalent chromium compound and a method for producing the same.

クロムめっきは装飾用および工業用として、各種の分野で利用されている。しかしながら、従来から主として用いられているクロムめっき浴は、クロム成分として有害な6価クロムを多量に含むものであり、毒性の少ないめっき液の開発が強く望まれている。   Chrome plating is used in various fields for decoration and industrial use. However, conventionally used chromium plating baths contain a large amount of harmful hexavalent chromium as a chromium component, and development of a plating solution with low toxicity is strongly desired.

6価クロムと比較して毒性の低い3価クロムを含むめっき浴としては、めっき厚の薄い装飾用については一部実用化が進んでおり、例えば、商標名:アレクラ3000(アルブライトアンドウイルソン社),商標名:エンバイロクロム(カニング社)、商標名:トリクロライト(ユージライト社),商標名:トライクロムプラス(アトテックジャパン)などのめっき浴が市販されている。   As a plating bath containing trivalent chromium, which is less toxic than hexavalent chromium, a part of the decorative bath with a thin plating thickness has been put into practical use. For example, trade name: Alekla 3000 (Albright and Wilson) ), Trade name: Envirochrome (Canning), trade name: Trichlorite (Eugelite), trade name: Trichrome Plus (Atotech Japan), etc. are commercially available.

しかしながら、従来の3価クロムめっき浴については、下記に示す各種の問題点がある(下記非特許文献1、2等参照)。
1)クロムめっきの膜厚1μm以上では平滑な表面が得られない。
2)耐食性が低いためにめっき後に6価のクロム酸溶液への浸漬処理が必要である。
3)皮膜硬度が低いため十分な耐磨耗性が得られない。
4)建浴直後では錯化剤とクロム塩の錯形成が十分でないことにより十分なつき回り性を得るためには長時間の弱電解処理が必要であり生産性が低下する。
表面技術 Vol.47, No.3, 245p (1996) 近畿アルミニウム表面処理研究会 平成18年度 秋季特別講演講演要旨集
However, the conventional trivalent chromium plating bath has various problems shown below (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).
1) A smooth surface cannot be obtained with a chromium plating film thickness of 1 μm or more.
2) Since the corrosion resistance is low, an immersion treatment in a hexavalent chromic acid solution is necessary after plating.
3) Since the film hardness is low, sufficient wear resistance cannot be obtained.
4) Immediately after the bathing, complex formation between the complexing agent and the chromium salt is not sufficient, so that it is necessary to carry out a weak electrolytic treatment for a long time in order to obtain sufficient throwing power, and productivity is lowered.
Surface Technology Vol.47, No.3, 245p (1996) Kinki Aluminum Surface Treatment Study Group Autumn 2006 Special Lecture Lecture Collection

本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その主な目的は、上記した従来の3価クロムめっき浴の問題点を解消して、工業用として有効に利用できる新規な3価クロムめっき浴を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and its main purpose is to eliminate the above-described problems of the conventional trivalent chromium plating bath and to be effectively used for industrial use. It is to provide a novel trivalent chromium plating bath.

本発明者は、上記した目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねてきた。その結果、3価クロム化合物と水溶性脂肪族カルボン酸又はその塩とを混合した後、加熱下に十分に熟成させて安定なクロム錯体溶液とし、その後、この液を伝導塩等のその他の成分と混合して得られる3価クロムめっき浴は、建浴直後においても良好なクロムめっき皮膜を形成でき、しかも形成されるクロムめっき皮膜は、良好な耐食性を有し、且つ厚付けも可能であり、高硬度のクロムめっき皮膜を形成しるものであることを見出し、ここに本発明を完成するに至った。   The present inventor has intensively studied to achieve the above-described object. As a result, after mixing the trivalent chromium compound and the water-soluble aliphatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, the mixture is sufficiently aged under heating to form a stable chromium complex solution, and then this solution is made into other components such as conductive salts. The trivalent chromium plating bath obtained by mixing with can form a good chromium plating film immediately after the building bath, and the formed chromium plating film has good corrosion resistance and can be thickened. The present inventors have found that a high-hardness chromium plating film is formed, and have completed the present invention.

即ち、本発明は、下記の3価クロムめっき浴及びその製造方法を提供するものである。
1. 下記(1)〜(4)の成分を含有することを特徴とする3価クロムめっき浴:
(1)水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を加熱下に保持して得られる3価クロムの錯体溶液、
(2)伝導性塩
(3)pH緩衝剤、並びに
(4)SO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物。
2. 3価クロムの錯体溶液が、水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を、40〜100℃の液温で30分以上保持して得られるものである上記項1に記載の3価クロムめっき浴。
3. 3価クロムの錯体溶液が、3価クロム化合物1モルに対して、水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分を0.1〜2モル添加して得られるものである上記項1又は2に記載の3価クロムめっき浴。
4. 水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を加熱下に保持して3価クロムの錯体溶液とした後、該錯体溶液、伝導性塩、pH緩衝剤、並びにSO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物を水に溶解することを特徴とする3価クロムめっき浴の調製方法。
5. 上記項1〜3のいずれかに記載の3価クロムめっき浴を用いて形成されたクロムめっき皮膜を有する物品。
That is, this invention provides the following trivalent chromium plating bath and its manufacturing method.
1. A trivalent chromium plating bath containing the following components (1) to (4):
(1) A trivalent chromium complex solution obtained by holding an aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound under heating,
(2) Conductive salt (3) pH buffer and (4) at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having an SO 2 group and a compound having an SO 3 group.
2. The complex solution of trivalent chromium holds an aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound at a liquid temperature of 40 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes or more. Item 3. The trivalent chromium plating bath according to Item 1, which is obtained in the above manner.
3. A trivalent chromium complex solution is obtained by adding 0.1 to 2 mol of at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof to 1 mol of a trivalent chromium compound. Item 3. The trivalent chromium plating bath according to Item 1 or 2, wherein
4). An aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound is maintained under heating to form a complex solution of trivalent chromium, and then the complex solution, conductivity A method for preparing a trivalent chromium plating bath, comprising dissolving at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a salt, a pH buffer, a compound having an SO 2 group and a compound having an SO 3 group in water .
5). An article having a chromium plating film formed using the trivalent chromium plating bath according to any one of Items 1 to 3.

以下の本発明の3価クロムめっき浴について詳細に説明する。   The following trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention will be described in detail.

3価クロム錯体溶液
本発明では、まず、3価クロム化合物を含む安定な錯体溶液を調製し、これを用いてめっき浴を建浴する。
Trivalent Chromium Complex Solution In the present invention, first, a stable complex solution containing a trivalent chromium compound is prepared, and a plating bath is constructed using this.

3価クロム化合物を含む錯体溶液は、水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分(以下、「カルボン酸類」ということがある)と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を加熱下に保持することによって得ることができる。通常は、カルボン酸類を溶解した水溶液中に3価クロム化合物を添加し、加熱下に一定時間保持することによって得ることができる。   The complex solution containing a trivalent chromium compound comprises an aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “carboxylic acids”) and a trivalent chromium compound. It can be obtained by holding under heating. Usually, it can be obtained by adding a trivalent chromium compound to an aqueous solution in which carboxylic acids are dissolved and holding the mixture for a certain period of time under heating.

水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸の種類については特に限定的ではなく、所定の濃度の水溶液とすることが可能なカルボン酸であればよい。例えば、ギ酸、酢酸等の脂肪族物モノカルボン酸;シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸等の脂肪族ジカルボン酸;グルコン酸などの脂肪族ヒドロキシモノカルボン酸:リンゴ酸等の脂肪族ヒドロキシジカルボン酸;クエン酸等の脂肪族ヒドロキシトリカルボン酸などを用いることができる。   The type of the aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid is not particularly limited as long as it is a carboxylic acid that can be an aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration. For example, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid and succinic acid; aliphatic hydroxymonocarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid: aliphatic hydroxydicarboxylic acids such as malic acid; Aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acids such as citric acid can be used.

水溶性脂肪族カルボン酸の塩としては、上記した各種カルボン酸の水溶性塩であればよく、例えば、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩、アンモニウム塩等を用いることができる。   The salt of the water-soluble aliphatic carboxylic acid may be any of the above-described water-soluble salts of various carboxylic acids. For example, alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and magnesium salt An ammonium salt or the like can be used.

上記したカルボン酸類は、一種単独又は二種以上混合して用いることができる。   The above carboxylic acids can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

3価クロム化合物としては、水溶性の3価クロム化合物であればよく、例えば、硫酸クロム、塩基性硫酸クロムなどを用いることができる。3価クロム化合物も一種単独又は二種以上混合して用いることができる。   As the trivalent chromium compound, any water-soluble trivalent chromium compound may be used. For example, chromium sulfate, basic chromium sulfate and the like can be used. A trivalent chromium compound can also be used individually by 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.

3価クロム化合物とカルボン酸類を溶解する順序は任意であり、カルボン酸類を水に溶解させた後、3価クロム化合物を添加する方法、3価クロム化合物を水に溶解させた後、カルボン酸類を添加する方法、カルボン酸類と3価クロム化合物を同時に水に溶解させる方法などの任意の方法を適用できる。この際、液温は、40〜100℃程度であることが好ましく、50〜90℃程度であることがより好ましい。   The order in which the trivalent chromium compound and the carboxylic acid are dissolved is arbitrary. A method of adding the trivalent chromium compound after dissolving the carboxylic acid in water, and then dissolving the trivalent chromium compound in water, Arbitrary methods, such as the method of adding and the method of dissolving carboxylic acid and a trivalent chromium compound in water simultaneously, are applicable. At this time, the liquid temperature is preferably about 40 to 100 ° C, and more preferably about 50 to 90 ° C.

3価クロム化合物を含む錯体溶液は、通常、3価クロムめっき浴を建浴する際に希釈して用いられる。このため、該錯体溶液中の3価クロム化合物の濃度については、特に限定的ではないが、例えば,クロム濃度として30〜150g/L程度とすることが好ましく,50〜100g/L程度とすることがより好ましい。   The complex solution containing a trivalent chromium compound is usually used after being diluted when a trivalent chromium plating bath is constructed. For this reason, the concentration of the trivalent chromium compound in the complex solution is not particularly limited. For example, the chromium concentration is preferably about 30 to 150 g / L, and preferably about 50 to 100 g / L. Is more preferable.

カルボン酸類の添加量については、上記3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液に添加した場合に安定な錯体を形成できる量であればよく、例えば、3価クロム化合物1モルに対してカルボン酸類を0.1〜2モル程度用いることが好ましく、0.3〜1モル程度用いることがより好ましい。   The amount of the carboxylic acid added may be an amount that can form a stable complex when added to the aqueous solution containing the trivalent chromium compound. For example, 0.1 mol of the carboxylic acid is added to 1 mol of the trivalent chromium compound. It is preferable to use about ˜2 mol, and more preferably about 0.3 to 1 mol.

尚、3価クロムを含む錯体溶液中におけるカルボン酸類の濃度については、特に限定的ではないが、例えば、10〜200g/L程度とすることが好ましく、20〜100g/L程度とすることがより好ましい。   The concentration of the carboxylic acids in the complex solution containing trivalent chromium is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 to 200 g / L, and more preferably about 20 to 100 g / L. preferable.

次いで、カルボン酸類と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を40〜100℃程度、好ましくは50〜90℃程度の温度範囲に保持することによって3価クロム化合物を含む錯体溶液を得ることができる。この温度範囲に保持する時間は、通常、30分程度以上とすることが好ましく、1時間程度以上とすることがより好ましく、2時間程度以上とすることが更に好ましい。具体的には、加熱温度が低い程長時間保持することが好ましく、例えば、40℃程度の加熱温度では5時間程度以上保持することが好ましく、80℃程度の加熱温度では3時間以上保持することが好ましい。これにより、3価クロムを含む安定な錯体溶液を得ることができる。   Next, a complex solution containing a trivalent chromium compound can be obtained by maintaining an aqueous solution containing a carboxylic acid and a trivalent chromium compound in a temperature range of about 40 to 100 ° C., preferably about 50 to 90 ° C. The time maintained in this temperature range is usually preferably about 30 minutes or more, more preferably about 1 hour or more, and further preferably about 2 hours or more. Specifically, it is preferable to hold for a longer time as the heating temperature is lower. For example, it is preferable to hold for about 5 hours or more at a heating temperature of about 40 ° C. Is preferred. Thereby, a stable complex solution containing trivalent chromium can be obtained.

3価クロムめっき浴
本発明の3価クロムめっき浴は、上記した方法で調製した3価クロムを含む錯体溶液、伝導性塩、pH緩衝剤、並びにSO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物を含有する水溶液からなるものである。
Trivalent chromium plating bath The trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention has a complex solution containing trivalent chromium, a conductive salt, a pH buffer, a compound having an SO 2 group, and an SO 3 group prepared by the method described above. It consists of an aqueous solution containing at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of compounds.

上記した成分の内で、伝導性塩としては、例えば、硫酸カリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸アンモニウム等の硫酸塩、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属塩化物などを用いることができる。これらの伝導性塩は一種単独又は二種以上混合して用いることができる。   Among the above-described components, as the conductive salt, for example, sulfates such as potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate, alkali metal chlorides such as potassium chloride, and sodium chloride can be used. These conductive salts can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

伝導性塩の濃度については特に限定されないが、濃度が低い場合には浴電圧が上昇して電解中に浴温が上昇するため一定温度に保持するために電解槽を冷却する必要が生じる。また,伝導性塩濃度が高い場合には浴電圧は低下するが建浴時に溶解させることが困難であり、しかも、めっき作業を中止してめっき浴の温度が低下した場合には、沈殿などが生成することになる。これらの点から伝導性塩の濃度は、50〜200g/L程度とすることが好ましく、100〜150g/L程度とすることがより好ましい。   The concentration of the conductive salt is not particularly limited, but when the concentration is low, the bath voltage rises and the bath temperature rises during electrolysis, so that it is necessary to cool the electrolytic cell in order to maintain a constant temperature. In addition, when the conductive salt concentration is high, the bath voltage decreases, but it is difficult to dissolve at the time of bathing, and when the plating operation is stopped and the temperature of the plating bath decreases, precipitation or the like may occur. Will be generated. From these points, the concentration of the conductive salt is preferably about 50 to 200 g / L, and more preferably about 100 to 150 g / L.

pH緩衝剤としては、ホウ酸、ホウ酸ナトリウムなどを使用することができる。pH緩衝剤濃度が低い場合には陰極反応界面でのpH上昇が起こり,クロムの水酸化物などが生成するため良好なクロムめっき皮膜が得られない。このことから,良好なクロムめっき皮膜を得るためには、pH緩衝剤の濃度は70〜120g/L程度とすることが好ましく、80〜100g/L程度とすることがより好ましい。   As the pH buffering agent, boric acid, sodium borate and the like can be used. When the pH buffer concentration is low, the pH rises at the cathode reaction interface, and chromium hydroxide and the like are produced, so that a good chromium plating film cannot be obtained. From this, in order to obtain a good chromium plating film, the concentration of the pH buffering agent is preferably about 70 to 120 g / L, and more preferably about 80 to 100 g / L.

SO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物は、形成されるクロム皮膜を緻密で良好な外観とするために有効な成分である。 At least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having an SO 2 group and a compound having an SO 3 group is an effective component for making the formed chromium film dense and good in appearance.

これらの内でSO2基を有する化合物としては、サッカリン、サッカリンナトリウム等を例示でき、SO3基を有する化合物としは、スルホベンズアルデヒド、ベンゼンスルホン酸、トルエンスルホン酸、これらの塩等を例示できる。これらの含イオウ化合物は、一種単独又は二種以上混合して用いることが出来る。 Of these, examples of the compound having an SO 2 group include saccharin and sodium saccharin, and examples of the compound having an SO 3 group include sulfobenzaldehyde, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, and salts thereof. These sulfur-containing compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

含イオウ化合物の濃度については、特に限定されないが、通常、1〜10g/L程度とすることが好ましく、2〜7g/L程度とすることがより好ましい。   Although it does not specifically limit about the density | concentration of a sulfur-containing compound, Usually, it is preferable to set it as about 1-10 g / L, and it is more preferable to set it as about 2-7 g / L.

本発明の3価クロムめっき浴は、上記した3価クロム化合物を含む錯体溶液、伝導性塩、pH緩衝剤、及び含イオウ化合物を水に溶解したものであり、各成分を溶解する順序は任意である。   The trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention is obtained by dissolving the above-described complex solution containing a trivalent chromium compound, a conductive salt, a pH buffering agent, and a sulfur-containing compound in water, and the order of dissolving each component is arbitrary. It is.

本発明の3価クロムめっき浴中のクロム濃度については、特に限定はされないが、クロム濃度が低い場合には低電流密度領域へのつき回り性が良好となるが,製膜速度は低くなり、逆にクロム濃度が高い場合にはつき回り性は低下するが製膜速度が増加する。この点を考慮して、クロム濃度を決めればよいが、通常、適度なつき回り性と製膜速度を両立して、工業的に使用に適したものとするためには、クロム濃度としては3〜30g/L程度が好ましく、5〜15g/L程度がより好ましい。   The chromium concentration in the trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when the chromium concentration is low, the throwing power to the low current density region is good, but the film forming speed is low, Conversely, when the chromium concentration is high, the throwing power decreases but the film forming speed increases. In consideration of this point, the chromium concentration may be determined. Usually, in order to achieve both appropriate throwing power and film forming speed and be suitable for industrial use, the chromium concentration is 3 to 3. About 30 g / L is preferable, and about 5 to 15 g / L is more preferable.

上記した各成分を用いて建浴した3価クロムめっき液のpHは、使用する錯化剤の種類により多少の変動があるが、通常、pH2〜4程度の範囲内とすることが好ましい。   The pH of the trivalent chromium plating solution bathed using the above-described components varies somewhat depending on the type of complexing agent used, but is usually preferably within the range of about pH 2-4.

本発明の3価クロムめっき液によれば、めっき作業時の浴温が低い場合にはつき回り性は向上するが製膜速度は低下する傾向があり、逆に浴温が高い場合には,製膜速度は向上するが低電流密度領域へのつき回り性は低下する傾向がある。この点を考慮して適切な浴温を決めればよいが、通常、工業的に使用する際の浴温としては、30〜60℃程度の温度範囲が好ましい。   According to the trivalent chromium plating solution of the present invention, when the bath temperature at the time of plating is low, the throwing power is improved, but the film-forming speed tends to decrease, and conversely, when the bath temperature is high, Although the film forming speed is improved, the throwing power to the low current density region tends to be lowered. An appropriate bath temperature may be determined in consideration of this point, but generally, a temperature range of about 30 to 60 ° C. is preferable as a bath temperature for industrial use.

めっき時に使用する陽極としては、特に限定的ではなく、通常は、Ti−Pt電極などの公知の不溶性陽極を用いることができる。特に、Ir−Ta複合酸化物薄膜で被覆したTi電極を用いる場合には、6価クロムの生成を抑制できる点で有利である。   The anode used at the time of plating is not particularly limited, and usually a known insoluble anode such as a Ti—Pt electrode can be used. In particular, when a Ti electrode covered with an Ir—Ta composite oxide thin film is used, it is advantageous in that generation of hexavalent chromium can be suppressed.

本発明の3価クロムめっき浴によれば、広い電流密度範囲において良好な外観を有するクロムめっき皮膜を得ることができ、例えば、1〜20 A/dm2程度の陰極電流密度範囲において良好な外観のクロムめっき皮膜を形成できる。 According to the trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention, a chromium plating film having a good appearance in a wide current density range can be obtained, for example, a good appearance in a cathode current density range of about 1 to 20 A / dm 2. The chrome plating film can be formed.

クロムめっき皮膜を有する物品
本発明の3価クロムめっき浴は、例えば、工業用クロムめっき、装飾クロムめっき等の各種の用途に用いることができる。
Articles having a chromium plating film The trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention can be used for various applications such as industrial chromium plating and decorative chromium plating.

工業用クロムめっきは、クロムめっき皮膜の高硬度,耐摩耗性,耐食性,密着性,離型性等の特性を利用して各種の産業分野に利用されており、例えば、金型などの作製に用いられている。工業用クロムめっきでは、被めっき物としては、例えば、鉄鋼,ステンレス鋼,黄銅,亜鉛ダイカストなどの金属素材が主として用いられている。   Industrial chrome plating is used in various industrial fields by utilizing the high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, adhesion, releasability, etc. of the chrome plating film. For example, for the production of molds, etc. It is used. In industrial chrome plating, for example, a metal material such as steel, stainless steel, brass, or zinc die casting is mainly used as an object to be plated.

また,装飾用クロムめっきは,主としてニッケルめっきの保護層として用いられており、クロムめっき皮膜の硬度と特有の色調が活用されている。装飾用クロムめっきは、例えば、自動車関係に広く用いられており、被めっき物としては、上記した金属素材の他に、ABS,PC/ABS,PC,ナイロンなどの各種の機能性プラスチック材料が用いられている。   In addition, decorative chromium plating is mainly used as a protective layer for nickel plating, and the hardness and specific color tone of the chromium plating film are utilized. Decorative chrome plating is widely used for automobiles, for example, and various functional plastic materials such as ABS, PC / ABS, PC, and nylon are used in addition to the metal materials described above. It has been.

これらの各種素材にクロムめっき皮膜を形成する場合には、金属素材に対しては、本発明の3価クロムめっき浴を用いてクロムめっき皮膜を直接形成することが可能である。また、外観、耐食性などの向上を目的として、銅めっき、ニッケルめっき等を行った後、クロムめっきを行うこともある。   When forming a chromium plating film on these various materials, it is possible to directly form a chromium plating film on a metal material using the trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention. Further, for the purpose of improving the appearance and corrosion resistance, chromium plating may be performed after copper plating, nickel plating, or the like.

プラスチック素材に対してクロムめっき皮膜を形成するためには、常法に従って、エッチング、触媒付与などの工程を経た後、無電解ニッケルめっき、無電解銅めっき等によって導電性皮膜を形成し、更に、電気銅めっき、電気ニッケルめっき等を行い、その後、クロムめっき皮膜を形成することが一般的であるが、この工程の限定されるものではない。装飾を目的としてクロムめっき皮膜を形成する場合には、通常、0.1〜0.5μm程度の比較的薄い膜厚のクロムめっき皮膜を形成することが多い。   In order to form a chromium plating film on a plastic material, after conducting steps such as etching and catalyst application according to a conventional method, a conductive film is formed by electroless nickel plating, electroless copper plating, etc. It is common to perform electrolytic copper plating, electrolytic nickel plating, etc., and then form a chromium plating film, but this step is not limited. When a chrome plating film is formed for the purpose of decoration, a chrome plating film having a relatively thin film thickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 μm is usually formed in many cases.

本発明の3価クロムめっき浴によれば、下記に示す顕著な効果が奏される。
(1)建浴直後においても良好なクロムめっき皮膜を形成できる。このため、長時間の電解処理が不要となり、作業効率が大きく向上する。
(2)低電流密度領域での付き回り性に優れ、広い電流密度範囲において良好なクロムめっき皮膜を形成できる。
(3)めっき時間に応じてめっき皮膜が成長するので、1μmを上回る厚付けが可能である。
(4)高い皮膜硬度を有するクロムめっき皮膜を得ることができる。
(5)クロム酸浸漬処理を行わない場合にも良好な耐食性を有するクロムめっき皮膜を形成できる。
According to the trivalent chromium plating bath of the present invention, the following remarkable effects are exhibited.
(1) A good chromium plating film can be formed immediately after the bath. This eliminates the need for long-term electrolytic treatment and greatly improves work efficiency.
(2) It has excellent throwing power in a low current density region and can form a good chromium plating film in a wide current density range.
(3) Since the plating film grows according to the plating time, it is possible to apply a thickness exceeding 1 μm.
(4) A chromium plating film having a high film hardness can be obtained.
(5) Even when chromic acid immersion treatment is not performed, a chromium plating film having good corrosion resistance can be formed.

以下、製造例及び実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to production examples and examples.

製造例1
純水400mlにクエン酸38g/L(0.2mol/L)を加え十分に溶解させた後、浴温を60℃まで上昇させ、40%硫酸クロム水溶液500ml/L(Cr=52g/L,1.0mol/L)を加え攪拌して完全に溶解させた。
Production Example 1
After adding 38 g / L (0.2 mol / L) of citric acid to 400 ml of pure water and sufficiently dissolving it, the bath temperature is raised to 60 ° C., and a 40% chromium sulfate aqueous solution 500 ml / L (Cr = 52 g / L, 1.0 mol / L) was added and stirred until completely dissolved.

その後,浴温を60℃に保持した状態で8時間加熱を継続した。8時間経過後に加熱を中止し、室温まで冷却して、3価クロム錯体を含む溶液を得た。これをクロム錯体液Aとする。   Thereafter, heating was continued for 8 hours while maintaining the bath temperature at 60 ° C. Heating was stopped after 8 hours, and the solution was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing a trivalent chromium complex. This is designated as chromium complex liquid A.

製造例2
純水400mlに酢酸を60g/L(1.0mol/L)を加え、十分に溶解させた後、浴温を80℃まで上昇させ、40%硫酸クロム水溶液を500ml/L(Cr=52g/L,1.0mol/L)を加え、攪拌して完全に溶解させた。
Production Example 2
After adding acetic acid (60 g / L (1.0 mol / L)) to 400 ml of pure water and dissolving it sufficiently, the bath temperature is raised to 80 ° C., and 40% chromium sulfate aqueous solution is added to 500 ml / L (Cr = 52 g / L). , 1.0 mol / L) was added and stirred until completely dissolved.

その後、浴温を80℃に保持した状態で5時間加熱を継続した。5時間経過後に加熱を中止し、室温まで冷却して、3価クロム錯体を含む溶液を得た。これをクロム錯体液Bとする。   Thereafter, heating was continued for 5 hours while maintaining the bath temperature at 80 ° C. After 5 hours, heating was stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing a trivalent chromium complex. This is designated as chromium complex solution B.

製造例3
純水500mlにリンゴ酸を90g/L(0.65mol/L)を加え、十分に溶解させた後、浴温を80℃まで上昇させ、塩基性硫酸クロム400g/L(Cr=64g/L,1.23mol/L)を加えて溶解させた。
Production Example 3
After adding 90 g / L (0.65 mol / L) of malic acid to 500 ml of pure water and sufficiently dissolving it, the bath temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and 400 g / L of basic chromium sulfate (Cr = 64 g / L, 1 .23 mol / L) was added and dissolved.

その後、浴温を80℃に保持した状態で7時間加熱を継続した。その後加熱を中止し、室温まで冷却して、3価クロム錯体を含む溶液を得た。これをクロム錯体液Cとする。   Thereafter, heating was continued for 7 hours while maintaining the bath temperature at 80 ° C. Thereafter, the heating was stopped and the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing a trivalent chromium complex. This is designated as chromium complex solution C.

製造例4
純水500mlにシュウ酸を90g/L(1.0mol/L)を加え、十分に溶解させた後、浴温を80℃まで上昇させた後、塩基性硫酸クロム400g/L(Cr=64g/L,1.23mol/L)を加え溶解させた。
Production Example 4
After adding 90 g / L (1.0 mol / L) of oxalic acid to 500 ml of pure water and sufficiently dissolving it, the bath temperature was raised to 80 ° C. and then 400 g / L of basic chromium sulfate (Cr = 64 g / L). L, 1.23 mol / L) was added and dissolved.

その後、浴温を80℃に保持した状態で5時間加熱を継続した。その後、加熱を中止し、室温まで冷却して、3価クロム錯体を含む溶液を得た。これをクロム錯体液Dとする。   Thereafter, heating was continued for 5 hours while maintaining the bath temperature at 80 ° C. Thereafter, heating was stopped and the solution was cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution containing a trivalent chromium complex. This is designated as chromium complex solution D.

実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜2
上記した方法で調製したクロム錯体液A〜Dを用いて、下記表1に示す各成分を水に溶解して3価クロムめっき浴を調製し、表中に示すpH値及び浴温でめっき試験を行った。
Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2
Using the chromium complex solutions A to D prepared by the above-described method, each component shown in Table 1 below is dissolved in water to prepare a trivalent chromium plating bath, and a plating test is performed at the pH value and bath temperature shown in the table. Went.

Figure 2009035806
Figure 2009035806

上記した各3価クロムめっき浴を用いて下記の方法でめっき試験を行った。結果を下記表2に示す。
(めっき試験方法)
1)ハルセル試験
建浴直後の各3価クロムめっき浴を用い、被めっき物として、真鍮板に光沢Niめっきを約3μm製膜したものを使用して、ハルセル試験を行った。ハルセル試験条件は、槽電流5A、めっき時間5分間とし、陽極としては、Ir−Ta複合酸化物薄膜で被覆したTi電極を用いた。
A plating test was performed by the following method using each of the above trivalent chromium plating baths. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
(Plating test method)
1) Hull cell test Using each trivalent chromium plating bath immediately after the building bath, a Hull cell test was performed using a product obtained by forming a bright Ni plating on a brass plate with a thickness of about 3 μm. The Hull cell test conditions were a cell current of 5 A and a plating time of 5 minutes, and a Ti electrode coated with an Ir—Ta composite oxide thin film was used as the anode.

クロムめっき後の被めっき物(ハルセル板)について、電流密度分布スケールを基準として、どの電流密度に相当する部分までめっきが析出しているかを判定して、つき回り性を評価した。その後、電解式膜厚計を使用しハルセル板の各電流密度における膜厚を測定した。下記表2には1次電流密度で10A/dm2に相当する部分の膜厚を記載する。 About the to-be-plated object (Hull cell board) after chromium plating, it was judged to which part the plating corresponding to the current density was deposited on the basis of the current density distribution scale, and the throwing power was evaluated. Then, the film thickness in each current density of a hull cell board was measured using the electrolytic film thickness meter. Table 2 below shows the film thickness of the portion corresponding to 10 A / dm 2 in terms of primary current density.

2)製膜時間と膜厚の関係
各3価クロムめっき浴を用い、電流密度7.5A/dm2の条件でNiめっき真鍮板にめっき時間を変化させてクロムめっき皮膜を析出させ、製膜時間と膜厚の関係を調べた。膜厚は析出重量と面積から算出した。
2) Relationship between film formation time and film thickness Using each trivalent chromium plating bath, changing the plating time to a Ni-plated brass plate under a current density of 7.5 A / dm 2 , depositing a chromium plating film, and forming the film The relationship between the film thickness and the film thickness was investigated. The film thickness was calculated from the precipitation weight and area.

3)ビッカース硬度測定
上記試験で厚膜化が可能であった被めっき物について、ビッカース硬度を測定した。
3) Vickers hardness measurement Vickers hardness was measured about the to-be-plated object which was able to be thickened by the said test.

4)耐食性評価
各3価クロムめっき浴を用いて、光沢Niめっきを行なった真鍮板に約0.1μmの3価クロムめっき皮膜を形成した。水洗後、クロム酸浸漬処理を行うことなく、塩水噴霧試験(JIS 2371)を行った。72時間後に装置から取り出し、水洗後に目視による観察で腐食の進行状態をめっき品全体に対する白さびが発生した面積の割合で評価した。
4) Evaluation of corrosion resistance Using each trivalent chromium plating bath, a trivalent chromium plating film of about 0.1 μm was formed on a brass plate plated with bright Ni. After washing with water, a salt spray test (JIS 2371) was conducted without chromic acid immersion treatment. After 72 hours, the product was taken out from the apparatus, and after rinsing with water, the progress of corrosion was evaluated by the ratio of the area where white rust was generated to the entire plated product.

Figure 2009035806
Figure 2009035806

以上の結果から次のことが明らかである。
(1)実施例1〜4の各3価クロムめっき浴は、建浴直後においも、ハルセル試験において良好なつき回り性を示し、1A/dm程度の低電流密度域まで良好なクロムめっき皮膜を形成できた。これに対して、3価クロム化合物とカルボン酸類を水に直接溶解して得た比較例1及び2のめっき浴では、建浴直後においては低電流密度領域へのつき回り性が十分でなく、ハルセル試験においては4A/dmに相当する部分にまでしかめっきが析出しなかった。
From the above results, the following is clear.
(1) Each of the trivalent chromium plating baths of Examples 1 to 4 shows good throwing power in the Hull cell test immediately after the building bath, and a good chromium plating film up to a low current density range of about 1 A / dm 2. I was able to form. On the other hand, in the plating baths of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 obtained by directly dissolving the trivalent chromium compound and the carboxylic acid in water, the throwing power to the low current density region is not sufficient immediately after the building bath, In the Hull cell test, plating was deposited only up to a portion corresponding to 4 A / dm 2 .

(2)実施例1〜4の各3価クロムめっき浴では、製膜時間とともに膜厚が増加し、5時間経過時点においても製膜時間と膜厚はほぼ直線関係を示し、製膜時間を延長することによって厚膜化が可能であった。また、厚膜化されたクロムめっき皮膜は、1000HV程度という高いビッカース硬度を示した。   (2) In each of the trivalent chromium plating baths of Examples 1 to 4, the film thickness increased with the film forming time, and the film forming time and the film thickness showed a substantially linear relationship even when 5 hours had elapsed. By extending the film thickness, it was possible to increase the film thickness. The thick chromium plating film showed a high Vickers hardness of about 1000 HV.

これに対して、比較例1及び2の3価クロムめっき浴では、製膜時間が60分間程度経過後に製膜速度が大幅に低下し、製膜時間を長くしてもクロムめっき皮膜は3μm程度までしか成長せず、厚膜化が出来なかった。   On the other hand, in the trivalent chromium plating baths of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the film forming speed is greatly reduced after about 60 minutes have elapsed, and the chromium plating film is about 3 μm even if the film forming time is increased. It was not possible to increase the film thickness.

(3)実施例1〜4の各3価クロムめっき浴から形成されたクロムめっき皮膜は、クロム酸浸漬処理を行わない場合にも良好な耐食性を示した。   (3) The chromium plating film formed from each trivalent chromium plating bath of Examples 1 to 4 exhibited good corrosion resistance even when the chromic acid immersion treatment was not performed.

Claims (5)

下記(1)〜(4)の成分を含有することを特徴とする3価クロムめっき浴:
(1)水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を加熱下に保持して得られる3価クロムの錯体溶液、
(2)伝導性塩
(3)pH緩衝剤、並びに
(4)SO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物。
A trivalent chromium plating bath containing the following components (1) to (4):
(1) A trivalent chromium complex solution obtained by holding an aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound under heating,
(2) Conductive salt (3) pH buffer and (4) at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having an SO 2 group and a compound having an SO 3 group.
3価クロムの錯体溶液が、水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を、40〜100℃の液温で30分 以上保持して得られるものである請求項1に記載の3価クロムめっき浴。 A complex solution of trivalent chromium holds an aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound at a liquid temperature of 40 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes or more. The trivalent chromium plating bath according to claim 1, which is obtained by 3価クロムの錯体溶液が、3価クロム化合物1モルに対して、水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分を0.1〜2モル添加して得られるものである請求項1又は2に記載の3価クロムめっき浴。 A trivalent chromium complex solution is obtained by adding 0.1 to 2 mol of at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aqueous aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof to 1 mol of a trivalent chromium compound. The trivalent chromium plating bath according to claim 1 or 2. 水溶液脂肪族カルボン酸及びその塩からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種の成分と3価クロム化合物を含む水溶液を加熱下に保持して3価クロムの錯体溶液とした後、該錯体溶液、伝導性塩、pH緩衝剤、並びにSO2基を有する化合物及びSO3基を有する化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の含イオウ化合物を水に溶解することを特徴とする3価クロムめっき浴の調製方法。 An aqueous solution containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt thereof and a trivalent chromium compound is maintained under heating to form a complex solution of trivalent chromium, and then the complex solution, conductivity A method for preparing a trivalent chromium plating bath, comprising dissolving at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a salt, a pH buffer, a compound having an SO 2 group and a compound having an SO 3 group in water . 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の3価クロムめっき浴を用いて形成されたクロムめっき皮膜を有する物品。 The article | item which has the chromium plating film formed using the trivalent chromium plating bath in any one of Claims 1-3.
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JP2010189673A (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Okuno Chem Ind Co Ltd Trivalent chromium plating bath
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WO2021084103A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Coventya S.P.A. Sulfate based, ammonium free trivalent chromium decorative plating process
EP3859053A1 (en) 2020-01-31 2021-08-04 COVENTYA S.p.A. Sulfate based, ammonium free trivalent chromium decorative plating process
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JP7327718B1 (en) 2022-04-08 2023-08-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
JP7327719B1 (en) 2022-04-08 2023-08-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
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WO2010026916A1 (en) 2008-09-05 2010-03-11 日本化学工業株式会社 Chromium(iii)-containing aqueous solution and process for production of same
JP2010189673A (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Okuno Chem Ind Co Ltd Trivalent chromium plating bath
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WO2015037391A1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-19 奥野製薬工業株式会社 Trivalent chromium plating bath
JPWO2015037391A1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2017-03-02 奥野製薬工業株式会社 Trivalent chromium plating bath
JP2017511844A (en) * 2014-03-07 2017-04-27 マクダーミッド アキューメン インコーポレーテッド Passivation of microdiscontinuous chromium deposited from trivalent electrolyte
US20220127740A1 (en) * 2019-05-02 2022-04-28 Universitaet Ulm Electrolyte for chromium deposition from cr(iii)-compounds
US11932958B2 (en) * 2019-05-02 2024-03-19 Universitaet Ulm Electrolyte for chromium deposition from Cr(III)-compounds
WO2021084103A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Coventya S.P.A. Sulfate based, ammonium free trivalent chromium decorative plating process
EP3859053A1 (en) 2020-01-31 2021-08-04 COVENTYA S.p.A. Sulfate based, ammonium free trivalent chromium decorative plating process
JP7327718B1 (en) 2022-04-08 2023-08-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
JP7327719B1 (en) 2022-04-08 2023-08-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof
WO2023195251A1 (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-12 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and method for producing same
WO2023195252A1 (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-12 Jfeスチール株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet and production method therefor

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