JP2009024249A - Electroplating apparatus and method for producing plating member - Google Patents

Electroplating apparatus and method for producing plating member Download PDF

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JP2009024249A
JP2009024249A JP2007191783A JP2007191783A JP2009024249A JP 2009024249 A JP2009024249 A JP 2009024249A JP 2007191783 A JP2007191783 A JP 2007191783A JP 2007191783 A JP2007191783 A JP 2007191783A JP 2009024249 A JP2009024249 A JP 2009024249A
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plating
plating solution
pressure
anode
cathode
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Yoshiji Ichihara
祥次 市原
Yoshiyasu Yamada
喜康 山田
Takahiro Furuhashi
貴洋 古橋
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Yamada KK
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Yamada KK
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electroplating apparatus capable of forming a uniform plating coat. <P>SOLUTION: The electroplating apparatus 100 includes a cathode installation section 12 for loading a cathode 11, an anode installation section 14 for loading an anode 13, a plating bath 20 for accommodating a plating liquid 21, a flowing section 30 for flowing the plating liquid 21, and a pressure regulating section 40 for holding the inside of the plating bath 20 at a specified pressure. The pressure regulating section 40 holds the inside of the bath 20 at the pressure the same as the vapor pressure Pb of the plating liquid 21, or holds at or higher than the vapor pressure Pb but not higher than (vapor pressure Pb+15 kPa). The anode 13 is set at the upstream side, and the cathode 11, at the downstream side; or the anode 13 and the cathode 11 are arranged in parallel to the flow of the plating liquid 21, performing an electroplating treatment while flowing the plating liquid 21. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、電気めっき装置等に関し、より詳しくは、減圧状態で電気めっきを行う電気めっき装置等に関する。   The present invention relates to an electroplating apparatus and the like, and more particularly to an electroplating apparatus and the like for performing electroplating in a reduced pressure state.

従来、電気めっきは、金属部材の代表的な電気化学的表面処理方法として知られている。電気めっきは、通常、被めっき部材である陰極とこれと対極する陽極と間に所定の電圧が印加され、これらの電極間を結ぶ電気力線に沿って金属イオンが流れ、めっき膜が形成される。また、めっき厚の均一性を高める方法として、所定の形状の孔を設けた遮蔽板を被めっき物と陽極との間に挿入することにより、被めっき物の電気力線の集中を防ぐ方法が報告されている(特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, electroplating is known as a typical electrochemical surface treatment method for metal members. In electroplating, a predetermined voltage is usually applied between a cathode, which is a member to be plated, and an anode opposite thereto, and metal ions flow along the lines of electric force connecting these electrodes to form a plating film. The In addition, as a method for improving the uniformity of plating thickness, there is a method for preventing concentration of electric lines of force of the object to be plated by inserting a shielding plate having a hole of a predetermined shape between the object to be plated and the anode. It has been reported (see Patent Document 1).

特開2003−034893号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-034893

ところで、一般に、電気めっきは、金属イオンの還元と並行して水の電気分解が進行する。このため、これにより発生する水素気泡が被めっき部材の表面に付着し、めっき膜にピンホールやピットを生じる問題がある。   By the way, in general, in electroplating, electrolysis of water proceeds in parallel with reduction of metal ions. For this reason, there is a problem that hydrogen bubbles generated thereby adhere to the surface of the member to be plated and cause pinholes and pits in the plating film.

本発明は、このような電気めっきにおける問題を解決するためになされたものである。即ち、本発明の目的は、均一なめっき膜が形成される電気めっき装置等を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve such problems in electroplating. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an electroplating apparatus or the like on which a uniform plating film is formed.

かくして本発明によれば、被めっき部材を装着する陰極設置部と、被めっき部材との間に電圧が印加される陽極を設ける陽極設置部と、陰極設置部及び陽極設置部を浸漬するめっき液を収容するめっき浴槽と、めっき液を流動させる流動部と、めっき浴槽内を、めっき液を用いてめっきを行う温度におけるめっき液の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持する圧力調整部と、を有することを特徴とする電気めっき装置が提供される。
本発明が適用される電気めっき装置における流動部は、陽極を上流側とし陰極を下流側としてめっき液を流動させることが好ましい。
また、圧力調整部は、めっき液を還流させる冷却部を備えることが好ましい。
さらに、圧力調整部は、めっき浴槽内の圧力をめっき液の蒸気圧Pbに保ち、めっき液を連続的に沸騰させることが好ましい。
また、圧力調整部は、めっき浴槽内の圧力をめっき液の蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との間で変動させ、めっき液を間歇的に沸騰させることが好ましい。
Thus, according to the present invention, the cathode installation part for mounting the member to be plated, the anode installation part for providing the anode to which a voltage is applied between the member to be plated, and the plating solution for immersing the cathode installation part and the anode installation part The plating bath for storing the plating solution, the flow part for flowing the plating solution, and the inside of the plating bath are maintained at a pressure equal to or higher than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution at a temperature at which plating is performed using the plating solution and equal to or lower than (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa). There is provided an electroplating apparatus characterized by having a pressure adjusting unit.
The flow part in the electroplating apparatus to which the present invention is applied preferably flows the plating solution with the anode on the upstream side and the cathode on the downstream side.
Moreover, it is preferable that a pressure adjustment part is equipped with the cooling part which recirculates plating solution.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the pressure adjusting unit keeps the pressure in the plating bath at the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and continuously boil the plating solution.
Moreover, it is preferable that a pressure adjustment part fluctuates the pressure in a plating bath between the vapor pressure Pb of a plating solution, and (vapor pressure Pb + 15kPa), and makes a plating solution boil intermittently.

次に、本発明によれば、めっき液中に浸漬した被めっき部材からなる陰極及び陽極を配置しためっき浴槽内を、めっき液を用いてめっきを行う温度におけるめっき液の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持し、めっき浴槽内において、陽極を上流側とし陰極を下流側としてめっき液を流動させ、陰極及び陽極間に電圧を印加し被めっき部材の表面にめっき膜を形成することを特徴とするめっき部材の製造方法が提供される。
ここで、本発明が適用されるめっき部材の製造方法では、めっき浴槽内において、流動するめっき液の流れに対して、陽極と陰極とを平行に配置することが好ましい。
また、めっき浴槽内の圧力をめっき液の蒸気圧Pbに保ち、連続的に沸騰させることが好ましい。
めっき浴槽内の圧力をめっき液の蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との間で変動させ、めっき液を間歇的に沸騰させることが好ましい。
めっき液を、被めっき部材の表面におけるめっき液のレイノルズ数が1000程度以上になるように流動させることが好ましい。
さらに、本発明が適用されるめっき部材の製造方法では、圧力保持操作によって気化しためっき液の溶媒を冷却装置によりめっき浴槽中に還流することが好ましい。
Next, according to the present invention, in the plating bath in which the cathode and the anode made of the member to be plated immersed in the plating solution are disposed, the plating solution has a vapor pressure Pb or higher at a temperature at which plating is performed using the plating solution, and (Vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) is maintained at a pressure of less than or equal to, in the plating bath, the plating solution is flowed with the anode on the upstream side and the cathode on the downstream side, and a voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode to form a plating film on the surface of the member to be plated A method for producing a plated member is provided.
Here, in the manufacturing method of the plating member to which this invention is applied, it is preferable to arrange | position an anode and a cathode in parallel with respect to the flow of the flowing plating solution in a plating bath.
Further, it is preferable to keep the pressure in the plating bath at the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and continuously boil.
It is preferable that the pressure in the plating bath is varied between the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) to cause the plating solution to boil intermittently.
The plating solution is preferably flowed so that the Reynolds number of the plating solution on the surface of the member to be plated is about 1000 or more.
Furthermore, in the manufacturing method of the plating member to which the present invention is applied, it is preferable that the solvent of the plating solution vaporized by the pressure holding operation is returned to the plating bath by the cooling device.

本発明によれば、めっき膜に生じるピンホールやピットが減少し、均一なめっき膜が形成される。   According to the present invention, pinholes and pits generated in the plating film are reduced, and a uniform plating film is formed.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態(実施の形態)について説明する。尚、本発明は、以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨の範囲内で種々変形して実施することができる。また、使用する図面は、本実施の形態を説明するために使用するものであり、実際の大きさを表すものではない。
図1は、本実施の形態が適用される電気めっき装置の一例を説明する図である。図1に示された電気めっき装置100は、被めっき部材からなる陰極11を装着する陰極設置部12と、陰極11との間に所定の電圧が印加される陽極13を設ける陽極設置部14と、陰極11及び陽極13を浸漬するめっき液21を収容するめっき浴槽20と、めっき液21を流動させる流動部30と、めっき浴槽20内を所定の圧力範囲にする圧力調整部40と、を備えている。
Hereinafter, the best mode (embodiment) for carrying out the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment, It can implement by changing variously within the range of the summary. Also, the drawings used are used to describe the present embodiment and do not represent the actual size.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an electroplating apparatus to which the present exemplary embodiment is applied. An electroplating apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a cathode installation portion 12 for mounting a cathode 11 made of a member to be plated, and an anode installation portion 14 for providing an anode 13 to which a predetermined voltage is applied between the cathode 11 and , A plating bath 20 containing a plating solution 21 for immersing the cathode 11 and the anode 13, a flow unit 30 for flowing the plating solution 21, and a pressure adjusting unit 40 for bringing the inside of the plating bath 20 into a predetermined pressure range. ing.

陰極11と陽極13とは、所定の電極間距離Lを隔てて配置されている。また、陰極11と陽極13との間に所定の電圧を印加する直流電源15と、直流電源15と陰極11及び陽極13とをそれぞれ接合する導線16,17が配置されている。
陽極13は、陰極11としての被めっき部材の表面にめっき膜を析出させようとする金属から構成されている。めっき膜として析出させる金属としては、例えば、Cu、Zn、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Ru、Rh、Pd、Au、Pb、W、Ir、Pt等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、Ni、Ag、Au、Pd、Cr、Cu、Sn、Znが好ましい。これらの金属は、それぞれ単独で、または、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
The cathode 11 and the anode 13 are arranged with a predetermined distance L between the electrodes. Further, a DC power source 15 for applying a predetermined voltage between the cathode 11 and the anode 13 and conductive wires 16 and 17 for joining the DC power source 15 to the cathode 11 and the anode 13 are arranged.
The anode 13 is made of a metal that is intended to deposit a plating film on the surface of a member to be plated as the cathode 11. Examples of the metal deposited as the plating film include Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Pb, W, Ir, and Pt. . Among these, Ni, Ag, Au, Pd, Cr, Cu, Sn, and Zn are preferable. These metals may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

尚、陽極13は、陰極11としての被めっき部材の表面にめっき膜を析出させようとする金属をペレット状にした複数個の金属粒子を、所定のアノードバスケットに収容したものを使用してもよい。   The anode 13 may be one in which a plurality of metal particles in the form of pellets made of metal to be deposited on the surface of the member to be plated as the cathode 11 are contained in a predetermined anode basket. Good.

本実施の形態において使用されるめっき液21は、通常、溶媒に、前述した被めっき部材の表面にめっき膜として析出させる1種又は2種類以上の金属の塩、有機物、ホウ酸等の緩衝剤、リン酸等の酸またはアルカリ物質等の各種物質を溶解させたものが用いられる。
溶媒は、一般的には水が用いられる。さらに水に、例えば、メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール類;エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等の環状カーボネート類;ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等の直鎖状カーボネート類等を混合したものを用いても良い。
The plating solution 21 used in the present embodiment is usually a solvent, and a buffering agent such as one or two or more kinds of metal salts, organic substances, boric acid and the like deposited on the surface of the member to be plated as a plating film. A solution in which various substances such as an acid such as phosphoric acid or an alkaline substance are dissolved is used.
As the solvent, water is generally used. Further, for example, water mixed with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and linear carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate may be used. good.

金属の塩としては、析出させる金属、合金、酸化物の種類等を考慮して適宜選択する。電気化学的に析出させることができる金属としては、例えば、Cu、Zn、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Ru、Rh、Pd、Au、Pb、W、Ir、Pt等が挙げられる。また、有機物としては、例えば、ポリアクリル酸等の陰イオン系電解質;ポリエチレンイミン等の陽イオン系電解質;サッカリン(1,2−ベンゾイソチアゾール−3(2H)−オン1,1−ジオキシド)(10mg/L)、2−ブチン1,4−ジオール(5mg/L)等の添加剤等が挙げられる。   The metal salt is appropriately selected in consideration of the type of metal, alloy, oxide, etc. to be precipitated. Examples of metals that can be electrochemically deposited include Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Pb, W, Ir, and Pt. Etc. Examples of the organic substance include an anionic electrolyte such as polyacrylic acid; a cationic electrolyte such as polyethyleneimine; saccharin (1,2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one 1,1-dioxide) ( 10 mg / L) and additives such as 2-butyne 1,4-diol (5 mg / L).

尚、めっき液21には、電解質溶液の安定化等を目的として一種又はそれ以上の物質を含むことができる。具体的には、めっき膜として析出させる金属のイオンと錯塩を形成する物質、電解質溶液の導電性を向上させるためのその他の塩、電解質溶液の安定剤、緩衝材等が挙げられる。   The plating solution 21 can contain one or more substances for the purpose of stabilizing the electrolyte solution. Specific examples include substances that form complex salts with metal ions to be deposited as plating films, other salts for improving the conductivity of the electrolyte solution, electrolyte solution stabilizers, buffer materials, and the like.

本実施の形態において、めっき液21の主成分の具体例は、以下の通りである。
例えば、銅を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(結晶硫酸銅及び硫酸)、(ホウフッ化銅及びホウフッ酸)、(シアン化銅及びシアン化ソーダ)、(ピロリン酸銅、ピロリン酸カリウム及びアンモニア水);ニッケルを析出させる場合の主成分としては、(硫酸ニッケル、塩化アンモニウム及びホウ酸)、(硫酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル及びホウ酸)、(スルファミン酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル及びホウ酸);クロムを析出させる場合の主成分としては、(クロム酸及び硫酸)、(クロム酸、酢酸バリウム及び酢酸亜鉛);亜鉛を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(硫酸亜鉛、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、ホウ酸及びデキストリン)、(酸化亜鉛、シアン化ソーダ及び苛性ソーダ)、(酸化亜鉛及び苛性ソーダ)等が挙げられる。
In the present embodiment, specific examples of the main components of the plating solution 21 are as follows.
For example, the main components for depositing copper include (crystalline copper sulfate and sulfuric acid), (copper borofluoride and borofluoric acid), (copper cyanide and sodium cyanide), (copper pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate and ammonia). The main components in the case of depositing nickel are (nickel sulfate, ammonium chloride and boric acid), (nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and boric acid), (nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride and boric acid); The main components in the case of precipitation are (chromic acid and sulfuric acid), (chromic acid, barium acetate and zinc acetate); the main components in the case of precipitation of zinc are (zinc sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, boric acid and Dextrin), (zinc oxide, sodium cyanide and caustic soda), (zinc oxide and caustic soda), etc. .

カドミウムを析出させる場合の主成分としては、(酸化カドミウム、シアン化ソーダ、ゼラチン及びデキストリン);スズを析出させる場合の主成分としては、(硫酸第一スズ、硫酸、クレゾールスルホン酸、β−ナフトール及びゼラチン)、(スズ酸カリ及び遊離苛性カリ);銀を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(シアン化銀及びシアン化カリ);金を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(金、シアン化カリ、炭酸カリ及びリン酸水素カリ);白金を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(塩化白金酸、第二リン酸アンモニウム及び第二リン酸ソーダ)、(塩化白金酸及び酢酸塩);ロジウムを析出させる場合の主成分としては、(濃硫酸及びロジウム)、(リン酸及びリン酸ロジウム)等が挙げられる。   The main components in the case of precipitating cadmium are (cadmium oxide, sodium cyanide, gelatin and dextrin); And gelatin), (potassium stannate and free caustic potash); as main components for depositing silver (silver cyanide and potassium cyanide); as main components for depositing gold (gold, cyanide) Potassium, potassium carbonate and potassium hydrogen phosphate); the main components for depositing platinum are (chloroplatinic acid, dibasic ammonium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate), (chloroplatinic acid and acetate); rhodium Examples of the main component in the case of precipitation of (concentrated sulfuric acid and rhodium), (phosphoric acid and rhodium phosphate), and the like.

ルテニウムを析出させる場合の主成分としては、ルテニウム錯体;黄銅を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(シアン化第一銅、シアン化亜鉛、シアン化ナトリウム、及び炭酸ナトリウム);スズ鉛合金を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(スズ、鉛、遊離ホウフッ酸及びペプトン)、(スズ、鉛、遊離ホウフッ化水素酸及びペプトン);鉄ニッケル合金を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(スルファミン酸ニッケル、スルファミン酸第一鉄及び酢酸ナトリウム);コバルト燐を析出させる場合の主成分としては、(塩化コバルト、亜リン酸及びリン酸)等が挙げられる。   The main component for depositing ruthenium is a ruthenium complex; the main component for depositing brass is (cuprous cyanide, zinc cyanide, sodium cyanide and sodium carbonate); As main components in the case of making the nickel-nickel alloy precipitated, (tin, lead, free borofluoric acid and peptone), (tin, lead, free borohydrofluoric acid and peptone); Nickel, ferrous sulfamate and sodium acetate); Examples of the main component in the case of depositing cobalt phosphorus include (cobalt chloride, phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid).

めっき浴槽20は、めっき液21に侵食されない材料で形成された密閉型の容器である。めっき浴槽20の少なくとも内側の表面は、めっき液21に侵食されない材料で形成することが好ましい。
流動部30は、循環ポンプ31と、めっき浴槽20の上部に設けた排出口22と循環ポンプ31とを接合する循環配管32と、めっき浴槽20の下部に設けた供給口23と循環ポンプ31とを接合する供給配管33とを備えている。尚、図示しないが、さらに、沸騰状態でめっき液21を流動させる場合には、循環ポンプ31に加えて撹拌羽根を設置することが好ましい。
The plating bath 20 is a hermetic container formed of a material that is not eroded by the plating solution 21. At least the inner surface of the plating bath 20 is preferably formed of a material that is not eroded by the plating solution 21.
The flow unit 30 includes a circulation pump 31, a circulation pipe 32 that joins the discharge port 22 provided in the upper part of the plating bath 20 and the circulation pump 31, a supply port 23 provided in the lower part of the plating bath 20, and the circulation pump 31. And a supply pipe 33 for joining the two. Although not shown, when the plating solution 21 is made to flow in a boiling state, it is preferable to install a stirring blade in addition to the circulation pump 31.

圧力調整部40は、めっき浴槽20内を所定の圧力範囲にするための減圧ポンプ41と、圧力保持操作により蒸発するめっき液21の溶媒を冷却し、めっき浴槽20内に還流させる冷却部としてのコンデンサ42とを備えている。コンデンサ42は、配管42aによりめっき浴槽20内の気相部と接合され、配管42bにより減圧ポンプ41と接合されている。また、コンデンサ42は、所定の冷却材(Win,Wout)により冷却されている。   The pressure adjusting unit 40 is a decompression pump 41 for bringing the inside of the plating bath 20 into a predetermined pressure range, and a cooling unit that cools the solvent of the plating solution 21 evaporated by the pressure holding operation and recirculates it into the plating bath 20. And a capacitor 42. The capacitor 42 is joined to the gas phase portion in the plating bath 20 by a pipe 42a, and joined to the decompression pump 41 by a pipe 42b. Further, the capacitor 42 is cooled by a predetermined coolant (Win, Wout).

次に、圧力調整部40は、めっき浴槽20内の気相部の圧力を示す圧力メータ43と、めっき浴槽20内に窒素(N2)等の不活性ガスを供給するための不活性ガス供給装置44と、不活性ガス供給装置44から供給される窒素(N2)等の供給量を調整するために、圧力メータ43によって検出された所定の圧力に基づいて作動する圧力調節弁45とを備えている。不活性ガス供給装置44及び圧力調節弁45は、不活性ガス供給管46によりめっき浴槽20内の気相部と接合されている。尚、図示しないが、必要に応じて、温度制御のための温度センサ、ヒータを設けてもよい。   Next, the pressure adjusting unit 40 includes a pressure meter 43 that indicates the pressure of the gas phase in the plating bath 20, and an inert gas supply device for supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen (N 2) into the plating bath 20. 44 and a pressure control valve 45 that operates based on a predetermined pressure detected by the pressure meter 43 in order to adjust the supply amount of nitrogen (N 2) or the like supplied from the inert gas supply device 44. Yes. The inert gas supply device 44 and the pressure control valve 45 are joined to the gas phase portion in the plating bath 20 by an inert gas supply pipe 46. Although not shown, a temperature sensor and a heater for temperature control may be provided as necessary.

次に、電気めっき装置100の作用について説明する。
本実施の形態では、めっき浴槽20内は、圧力調整部40により、めっき液21を用いてめっきを行う温度におけるめっき液21の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持される。
Next, the operation of the electroplating apparatus 100 will be described.
In the present embodiment, the inside of the plating bath 20 is held at a pressure not lower than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 and not higher than (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) at the temperature at which plating is performed using the plating solution 21 by the pressure adjusting unit 40. The

さらに、本実施の形態では、めっき浴槽20内の圧力を圧力調整部40により減圧し、めっき液21を沸騰させた状態で、もしくは間歇的に沸騰させた状態と沸騰していない減圧状態を往復させながら電気めっき処理が行われることが好ましい。
このとき、めっき浴槽20内の圧力は、圧力メータ43によって検出される。即ち、めっき浴槽20内部が、電気めっき処理が行われる温度におけるめっき液21の蒸気圧Pbより高くする際には圧力調節弁45を開き、不活性ガス供給装置44から窒素(N2)等を供給する。これにより、めっき浴槽20内は、めっき液21の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持される。
尚、減圧ポンプ41の減圧操作によって気化しためっき液21の溶媒は、冷却装置であるコンデンサ42により冷却され、めっき浴槽20に還流される。また、めっき浴槽20内の気相部は減圧ポンプ41により外気(VENT)に排出される。
Further, in the present embodiment, the pressure in the plating bath 20 is reduced by the pressure adjusting unit 40, and the plating solution 21 is boiled or intermittently boiled and the boiled reduced pressure state is reciprocated. It is preferable that the electroplating process be performed while the operation is performed.
At this time, the pressure in the plating bath 20 is detected by the pressure meter 43. That is, when the inside of the plating bath 20 is made higher than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 at the temperature at which the electroplating process is performed, the pressure control valve 45 is opened and nitrogen (N2) or the like is supplied from the inert gas supply device 44. To do. As a result, the inside of the plating bath 20 is maintained at a pressure not lower than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 and not higher than (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa).
Note that the solvent of the plating solution 21 evaporated by the pressure reducing operation of the pressure reducing pump 41 is cooled by the condenser 42 which is a cooling device, and is returned to the plating bath 20. Further, the gas phase portion in the plating bath 20 is discharged to the outside air (VENT) by the decompression pump 41.

次に、本実施の形態では、めっき浴槽20のめっき液21は、流動部30により、陽極13を上流側とし陰極11を下流側として流動する。図1に示すように、めっき浴槽20のめっき液21は、めっき浴槽20の上部に設けた排出口22からめっき浴槽20のめっき液21を循環ポンプ31に導かれ、次に、めっき浴槽20の下部に設けた供給口23からめっき浴槽20内に導かれる。このとき、めっき浴槽20内では、陽極13を上流側とし陰極11を下流側とし、めっき浴槽20の底部から上部に向けて、図1中の矢印の方向にめっき液21が流動する。さらに、めっき液21は、めっき浴槽20の上部に設けた排出口22から循環配管32、循環ポンプ31及び供給配管33を経て、再びめっき浴槽20の下部に設けた供給口23からめっき浴槽20内に循環供給される。   Next, in the present embodiment, the plating solution 21 in the plating bath 20 flows by the fluid part 30 with the anode 13 as the upstream side and the cathode 11 as the downstream side. As shown in FIG. 1, the plating solution 21 in the plating bath 20 is guided to the circulation pump 31 from the discharge port 22 provided in the upper portion of the plating bath 20. It is introduced into the plating bath 20 from a supply port 23 provided in the lower part. At this time, in the plating bath 20, the anode 13 is the upstream side and the cathode 11 is the downstream side, and the plating solution 21 flows in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1 from the bottom to the top of the plating bath 20. Furthermore, the plating solution 21 passes from the discharge port 22 provided at the upper part of the plating bath 20 through the circulation pipe 32, the circulation pump 31 and the supply pipe 33, and again from the supply port 23 provided at the lower part of the plating bath 20 to the inside of the plating bath 20. Circulated and supplied.

このとき、めっき液21は、被めっき部材である陰極11の表面においてレイノルズ数が1000程度以上になるように流動させることが好ましい。
ここで、レイノルズ数は、被めっき部材である陰極11と陽極13との電極間距離L(m)、速度U(m/s)、密度ρ(kg/m)、粘性率η(Pa・s)、動粘性率ν=η/ρ(m/s)から作られる無次元の数Rであり、以下の式で表される。
R=(ρLU/η)=(LU/ν)
本実施の形態においては、特に被めっき部材である陰極11を陽極13の下流に配置した場合、レイノルズ数が過度に小さい場合には、陰極11と陽極13との電極間においてめっき液21が層流となり、陰極11の表面側への新たなめっき液の供給が不足する傾向がある。そのため、陰極11から離れた位置を流れるめっき液21は、電気めっき処理に寄与しなくなり、陰極11の陽極13から遠い部分のめっき膜の厚みが薄くなるので好ましくない。
At this time, the plating solution 21 is preferably flowed so that the Reynolds number is about 1000 or more on the surface of the cathode 11 which is a member to be plated.
Here, the Reynolds number is the distance L (m) between the cathode 11 and the anode 13 which are members to be plated, the speed U (m / s), the density ρ (kg / m 3 ), the viscosity η (Pa · s) is a dimensionless number R created from the kinematic viscosity ν = η / ρ (m 2 / s), and is expressed by the following equation.
R = (ρLU / η) = (LU / ν)
In the present embodiment, in particular, when the cathode 11 as the member to be plated is disposed downstream of the anode 13, the plating solution 21 is layered between the electrodes of the cathode 11 and the anode 13 when the Reynolds number is excessively small. There is a tendency that supply of new plating solution to the surface side of the cathode 11 is insufficient. Therefore, the plating solution 21 flowing away from the cathode 11 does not contribute to the electroplating process, and the thickness of the plating film in the portion far from the anode 13 of the cathode 11 becomes thin.

続いて、被めっき部材である陰極11と、めっき浴槽20内で流動するめっき液21の上流側に配置された陽極13とに、直流電源15により所定の電圧を印加し、被めっき部材である陰極11の表面にめっき膜を形成する。
本実施の形態において、電気めっきの条件は、電気めっきを行う金属の種類により適宜選択され、特に限定されない。例えば、ニッケルめっきの場合、通常、使用するめっき液21中のニッケル塩の濃度は、260g/l〜490g/l、好ましくは、300g/l〜400g/lである。また、めっき液21のpHは、通常、1.5〜5.0、好ましくは、3.0〜4.8である。
尚、電気めっき処理中は、陰極設置部12に取り付けた陰極11を、所定の回転数で回転させることが好ましい。
Subsequently, a predetermined voltage is applied to the cathode 11 which is a member to be plated and the anode 13 disposed on the upstream side of the plating solution 21 flowing in the plating bath 20 by the DC power source 15, and the member to be plated. A plating film is formed on the surface of the cathode 11.
In the present embodiment, the conditions for electroplating are appropriately selected depending on the type of metal to be electroplated, and are not particularly limited. For example, in the case of nickel plating, the concentration of the nickel salt in the plating solution 21 to be used is generally 260 g / l to 490 g / l, preferably 300 g / l to 400 g / l. Moreover, pH of the plating solution 21 is 1.5-5.0 normally, Preferably, it is 3.0-4.8.
During the electroplating process, it is preferable to rotate the cathode 11 attached to the cathode installation portion 12 at a predetermined rotational speed.

以上、詳述したように、本実施の形態が適用される電気めっき装置100によれば、めっき浴槽20内の圧力をめっき液21の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持した状態で電気めっき処理を行うことにより、被めっき部材表面に、ピンホールやピットが減少した均一なめっき膜が形成される。この場合、めっき浴槽20内の圧力をめっき液21蒸気圧をPbに保ち、めっき液21の沸騰状態において電気めっき処理を行うことが好ましい。さらに、めっき浴槽20内の圧力をめっき液21の蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との範囲内に保ち、めっき液21を間歇的に沸騰させながら電気めっき処理を行うことが好ましい。   As described above, according to the electroplating apparatus 100 to which the present embodiment is applied, the pressure in the plating bath 20 is set to a pressure equal to or higher than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 and equal to or lower than (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa). By performing the electroplating process in the held state, a uniform plating film with reduced pinholes and pits is formed on the surface of the member to be plated. In this case, it is preferable to perform the electroplating process while the plating solution 21 is in a boiling state while keeping the pressure in the plating bath 20 at the vapor pressure of the plating solution 21 and Pb. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform the electroplating treatment while keeping the pressure in the plating bath 20 within the range of the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 and (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) and boiling the plating solution 21 intermittently.

以下、実施例に基づき本実施の形態についてさらに詳述する。但し、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
(1)めっき液の調製
水1リットルに、硫酸ニッケル240g、塩化ニッケル45g、ホウ酸30g、光沢剤(奥野製薬工業株式会社製:アクナNCF−MU)2mlを溶解し、pH4〜pH5のめっき液を調製した。また、めっき液の温度は50℃に保った。
Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in more detail based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(1) Preparation of plating solution In 1 liter of water, 240 g of nickel sulfate, 45 g of nickel chloride, 30 g of boric acid, and 2 ml of brightener (Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd .: Acuna NCF-MU) are dissolved, and a plating solution having a pH of 4 to 5 is dissolved. Was prepared. The temperature of the plating solution was kept at 50 ° C.

(2)電気めっき処理
陽極として幅2cm×長さ2cmのニッケル板を用い、陰極(被めっき部材)として幅3.4cm×長さ5cmの真鍮板を用いる。
真鍮板の表面での電流密度が2A/dmとなるようにニッケル板と真鍮板とに電圧を加え、総電荷量175クーロンとなるまで電気めっき処理を行い、厚さ7μmのニッケルめっき膜を形成した。
(2) Electroplating treatment A nickel plate having a width of 2 cm and a length of 2 cm is used as the anode, and a brass plate having a width of 3.4 cm and a length of 5 cm is used as the cathode (member to be plated).
A voltage was applied to the nickel plate and the brass plate so that the current density on the surface of the brass plate was 2 A / dm 2, and electroplating was performed until the total charge amount reached 175 coulombs, and a nickel plating film with a thickness of 7 μm was formed. Formed.

(実施例1〜3、比較例1〜2)
図1に示す電気めっき装置100を用いて、予め被めっき部材として調製した真鍮板の電気めっき処理を行う。
めっき浴槽20内に温度50℃のめっき液21を1リットルを満たす。次に、めっき液21の温度を50℃に保ち、流動部30によりめっき液21を陽極13を上流側とし陰極11を下流側として流動させる。このとき、各実験毎に陰極11の表面においてレイノルズ数が約500、1000、1500程度になるように流動させる。
次に、圧力調整部40により、めっき浴槽20内の圧力を、表1に示す5種類の圧力にそれぞれ保持し、各圧力に保持した状態で電気めっき処理を行う。
尚、表1中、圧力は、Pb(9.3kPa)、Pb+5.7kPa(15kPa)、Pb+14.7kPa(24kPa)である。また、Pb(9.3kPa)において、めっき液21は沸騰する。
さらに、比較のため、めっき浴槽20内の圧力をPb+30.7kPa(40kPa)および常圧(101.3kPa)とした条件で電気めっき処理を行う。
(Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2)
Using the electroplating apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1, the electroplating process of the brass plate previously prepared as a to-be-plated member is performed.
1 liter of plating solution 21 having a temperature of 50 ° C. is filled in the plating bath 20. Next, the temperature of the plating solution 21 is kept at 50 ° C., and the plating solution 21 is caused to flow with the anode 13 on the upstream side and the cathode 11 on the downstream side by the flow section 30. At this time, the flow is performed so that the Reynolds number is about 500, 1000, or 1500 on the surface of the cathode 11 for each experiment.
Next, the pressure adjusting unit 40 holds the pressure in the plating bath 20 at the five types of pressure shown in Table 1, and performs electroplating in a state where the pressure is held at each pressure.
In Table 1, the pressures are Pb (9.3 kPa), Pb + 5.7 kPa (15 kPa), and Pb + 14.7 kPa (24 kPa). Further, the plating solution 21 boils at Pb (9.3 kPa).
Furthermore, for comparison, electroplating is performed under the conditions where the pressure in the plating bath 20 is Pb + 30.7 kPa (40 kPa) and normal pressure (101.3 kPa).

電気めっき処理後、めっき膜が形成された真鍮板を塩酸蒸気中に置き、1時間後に取り出して充分に水洗し乾燥した。次に、真鍮板の下部に横3cm×縦2cmの領域を設定し、実体顕微鏡を用いてこの中にあるピンホールの数を数えた。ピンホールの大きさは数μmから20μm程度であった。尚、ピンホールは、めっき膜に生じた真鍮板まで達している孔であり、めっき膜上の微細な窪み(ピット)と区別される。表1に、ピンホールの個数を示す。   After the electroplating treatment, the brass plate on which the plating film was formed was placed in hydrochloric acid vapor, taken out after 1 hour, sufficiently washed with water and dried. Next, an area of 3 cm wide × 2 cm long was set at the bottom of the brass plate, and the number of pinholes therein was counted using a stereomicroscope. The size of the pinhole was about several μm to 20 μm. The pinhole is a hole reaching the brass plate generated in the plating film, and is distinguished from a fine depression (pit) on the plating film. Table 1 shows the number of pinholes.

Figure 2009024249
Figure 2009024249

表1に示す結果から、めっき液21を陽極13を上流側とし陰極11を下流側として流動させ、めっき浴槽20内の圧力をめっき液21の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持した状態で電気めっき処理を行うことにより(実施例1〜3)、被めっき部材表面に、ピンホールが減少した均一なめっき膜が形成されることが分かる。   From the results shown in Table 1, the plating solution 21 is made to flow with the anode 13 as the upstream side and the cathode 11 as the downstream side, and the pressure in the plating bath 20 is not less than the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 and not more than (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa). It can be seen that by carrying out the electroplating process while maintaining the pressure (Examples 1 to 3), a uniform plating film with reduced pinholes is formed on the surface of the member to be plated.

また、めっき液21が沸騰している場合(実施例1:Pb(9.3kPa))は、めっき液21の流速が速くなくてもピンホールの個数が大幅に減少する。めっき浴槽20内の圧力が、蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との範囲内の場合(実施例2,3)は、めっき液21のレイノルズ数が約1000以上となるように流動させることにより、流速が遅い場合に比べてピンホールの個数が減少することが分かる。   When the plating solution 21 is boiling (Example 1: Pb (9.3 kPa)), the number of pinholes is greatly reduced even if the flow rate of the plating solution 21 is not fast. When the pressure in the plating bath 20 is within the range of the vapor pressure Pb and (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) (Examples 2 and 3), the plating solution 21 is made to flow so that the Reynolds number is about 1000 or more. It can be seen that the number of pinholes is reduced as compared with the case where the flow velocity is low.

これに対して、めっき浴槽20内の圧力が、蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との範囲より大きい場合(比較例1)は、ピンホールが大幅に増大し、特に、常圧で電気めっき処理した場合(比較例2)は、多数のピンホールが生じることが分かる。   On the other hand, when the pressure in the plating bath 20 is larger than the range between the vapor pressure Pb and (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) (Comparative Example 1), the pinhole is greatly increased, and in particular, electroplating at normal pressure. In the case of processing (Comparative Example 2), it can be seen that many pinholes are generated.

尚、めっき膜を肉眼で観察したところ、常圧で電気めっき処理した場合(比較例2)は、めっき膜の表面に針先でつついたようなピットが数十個観察された。これに対し、めっき液21の蒸気圧Pbと(蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との範囲内の場合(実施例1〜3)は、ピットが半減し、特に、沸騰状態で電気めっき処理を行った場合(実施例1)は、ピットは観察されなかった。   When the plating film was observed with the naked eye, when electroplating was performed at normal pressure (Comparative Example 2), several tens of pits were observed on the surface of the plating film with the needle tip. On the other hand, in the case where the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution 21 is within the range of (vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) (Examples 1 to 3), the number of pits is halved, particularly when the electroplating process is performed in a boiling state ( In Example 1), no pits were observed.

本実施の形態が適用される電気めっき装置の一例を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining an example of the electroplating apparatus with which this Embodiment is applied.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11…陰極、13…陽極、20…めっき浴槽、21…めっき液、30…流動部、40…圧力調整部、42…コンデンサ、100…電気めっき装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Cathode, 13 ... Anode, 20 ... Plating bath, 21 ... Plating solution, 30 ... Fluid part, 40 ... Pressure adjustment part, 42 ... Capacitor, 100 ... Electroplating apparatus

Claims (11)

被めっき部材を装着する陰極設置部と、
前記被めっき部材との間に電圧が印加される陽極を設ける陽極設置部と、
前記陰極設置部及び前記陽極設置部を浸漬するめっき液を収容するめっき浴槽と、
前記めっき液を流動させる流動部と、
前記めっき浴槽内を、前記めっき液を用いてめっきを行う温度における当該めっき液の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(当該蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持する圧力調整部と、を有する
ことを特徴とする電気めっき装置。
A cathode mounting portion for mounting a member to be plated;
An anode installation portion for providing an anode to which a voltage is applied between the member to be plated;
A plating bath containing a plating solution for immersing the cathode installation part and the anode installation part;
A fluidizing section for flowing the plating solution;
A pressure adjusting unit that holds the inside of the plating bath at a pressure equal to or higher than a vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution at a temperature at which plating is performed using the plating solution and equal to or lower than (the vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa). Electroplating equipment.
前記流動部は、前記陽極を上流側とし陰極を下流側として前記めっき液を流動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気めっき装置。   The electroplating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluidizing portion causes the plating solution to flow with the anode as an upstream side and a cathode as a downstream side. 前記圧力調整部は、前記めっき液を還流させる冷却部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気めっき装置。   The electroplating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure adjusting unit includes a cooling unit that refluxes the plating solution. 前記圧力調整部は、前記めっき浴槽内の前記圧力を前記めっき液の前記蒸気圧Pbに保ち、当該めっき液を連続的に沸騰させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気めっき装置。   The electroplating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure adjusting unit maintains the pressure in the plating bath at the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and continuously boiles the plating solution. 前記圧力調整部は、前記めっき浴槽内の前記圧力を前記めっき液の前記蒸気圧Pbと(当該蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との間で変動させ、当該めっき液を間歇的に沸騰させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気めっき装置。   The pressure adjusting unit varies the pressure in the plating bath between the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and (the vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa), and causes the plating solution to boil intermittently. The electroplating apparatus according to claim 1. めっき液中に浸漬した被めっき部材からなる陰極及び陽極を配置しためっき浴槽内を、当該めっき液を用いてめっきを行う温度における当該めっき液の蒸気圧Pb以上、且つ(当該蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)以下の圧力に保持し、
前記めっき浴槽内において、前記陽極を上流側とし前記陰極を下流側として前記めっき液を流動させ、
前記陰極及び前記陽極間に電圧を印加し前記被めっき部材の表面にめっき膜を形成する
ことを特徴とするめっき部材の製造方法。
Vapor pressure Pb or more of the plating solution at a temperature at which plating is performed using the plating solution in the plating bath in which the cathode and the anode made of the member to be plated immersed in the plating solution are disposed, and (the vapor pressure Pb + 15 kPa) or less. Holding at a pressure of
In the plating bath, the anode is the upstream side and the cathode is the downstream side to flow the plating solution,
A method for producing a plating member, comprising applying a voltage between the cathode and the anode to form a plating film on the surface of the member to be plated.
前記めっき浴槽内において、流動する前記めっき液の流れに対して、前記陽極と前記陰極とを平行に配置することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のめっき部材の製造方法。   The method for producing a plated member according to claim 6, wherein the anode and the cathode are arranged in parallel with the flow of the flowing plating solution in the plating bath. 前記めっき浴槽内の前記圧力を前記めっき液の前記蒸気圧Pbに保ち、連続的に沸騰させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のめっき部材の製造方法。   The method for producing a plated member according to claim 6, wherein the pressure in the plating bath is maintained at the vapor pressure Pb of the plating solution and continuously boiled. 前記めっき浴槽内の前記圧力を前記めっき液の前記蒸気圧Pbと(当該蒸気圧Pb+15kPa)との間で変動させ、当該めっき液を間歇的に沸騰させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のめっき部材の製造方法。   The said pressure in the said plating bath is fluctuate | varied between the said vapor | steam pressure Pb of the said plating solution, and (the said vapor | steam pressure Pb + 15kPa), The said plating solution is made to boil intermittently. Manufacturing method of plating member. 前記めっき液を、前記被めっき部材の表面における当該めっき液のレイノルズ数が1000程度以上になるように流動させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のめっき部材の製造方法。   The method for producing a plated member according to claim 6, wherein the plating solution is caused to flow so that the Reynolds number of the plating solution on the surface of the member to be plated is about 1000 or more. 圧力保持操作によって気化した前記めっき液の溶媒を冷却装置により前記めっき浴槽中に還流することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のめっき部材の製造方法。   The method for producing a plated member according to claim 6, wherein the solvent of the plating solution vaporized by the pressure holding operation is refluxed into the plating bath by a cooling device.
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