JP2008500171A - 燃料電池触媒のための貴金属成分および炭素を有する酸化物またはオキシ水酸化物を含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体 - Google Patents
燃料電池触媒のための貴金属成分および炭素を有する酸化物またはオキシ水酸化物を含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XQMTUIZTZJXUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethoxy silicate Chemical group CCOO[Si](OOCC)(OOCC)OOCC XQMTUIZTZJXUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
- C01G55/002—Compounds containing, besides ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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Abstract
Description
{[(Pt)a(Ru)b(M)1−(a+b)]1−d[(Tin yZrxSi1−x−y)(O1−eOH2e)z]d}q[C]r
(式中、nが3〜4であり、xが0〜1であり、yが0〜1であり、x+y>0、z=[4(x+(1−x−y))+n(y)]/2、aが0.01〜1であり、b=0〜0.99であり、dが0.05〜0.95であり、eが0〜1であり、Mが、Ni、Co、Fe、W、およびMoから選択される促進剤元素であり、Cが該少なくとも1つの導電性成分であり、qが約5重量%〜約90重量%であり、rが1−qである。好ましくは、aが0.5であり、bが0.5であり、xが0〜0.5であり、yが0〜0.5であり、dが0.5であり、eが0〜1であり、qが40重量%である)で表される。
a)少なくとも1つの貴金属含有化合物を含んでなる第1の溶液と混合金属オキシ水酸化物と溶媒とを含んでなる第2の溶液とを配合して混合物を形成する工程と、
b)少なくとも1つの導電性成分を含んでなる第3の溶液を該混合物に添加する工程と、
c)該混合物を重合して無機ゲルを形成する工程と
を含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体を製造するための方法を提供することである。
a)第1の電極と、
b)第2の電極と、
c)該第1および第2の電極の間に挟まれた固体ポリマー電解質膜と
を含んでなる膜電極組立体を提供することであり、チタンシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、ジルコニウムシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる母材中に分散されてその全体にわたって分布された少なくとも1つの貴金属と少なくとも1つの導電性成分とを含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体が、該第1の電極と該固体ポリマー電解質膜との間の境界面に配置される。
不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で、3.0957gの四塩化白金(PtCl4、マサチューセッツ州、ウォード・ヒルのアルファ・エイサー(Alfa Aesar,Ward Hill,Mass.))に2.033gの塩化ルテニウム水和物(RuCl3×H2O、Ru含量=45.6重量%、ミズーリ州、セントルイスのシグマ・アルドリッチ(Sigma−Aldrich,St.Louis,Mo.))および800mLのパンクチリアスエタノール(punctilious ethanol)を配合した。第2の溶液を調製するために、3.1224gチタンn−ブトキシド(シグマ・アルドリッチ)に1.911gのテトラエチルオルトシリケート(シグマ・アルドリッチ)および50mLのパンクチリアスエタノールを配合した。不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で、撹拌しながら第2の溶液を第1の溶液に添加した。6gのヴァルカン(登録商標)XC72R(ジョージア州、アルファレッタのキャボット・コーポレーション(Cabot Corp.,Alpharetta,Ga.)のカーボンブラック)を約10秒後に添加した。
NaBH4中で触媒粉末を還元する代わりに粉末を1時間120℃までの流動H2中で還元したことを除いて、実施例1に記載されたのと同じ手順を用いた。
実施例2に記載された手順と同様な手順を用いた。4.077gのPtCl4(アルファ・エイサー)に、不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で2.6765gのRuCl3×H2O(Ru含量=45.6重量%、シグマ・アルドリッチ)および600mLのパンクチリアスエタノールを配合した。1.028gのチタンn−ブトキシド(シグマ・アルドリッチ)、0.629gのテトラエチルオルトシリケート(シグマ・アルドリッチ)および100mLのパンクチリアスエタノールを含有する第2の溶液を調製した。不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で、第2の溶液を第1の溶液に添加し、その直後に6gのヴァルカン(登録商標)XC72R(キャボット・コーポレーション(Cabot Corp.))を混合した。0.4535gのH2Oをこの混合物に添加して縮合および重合反応を開始した。
実施例2に記載された手順と同様な手順を用いた。2.816gのPtCl4(アルファ・エイサー)に不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で1.8492gのRuCl3×H2O(Ru含量=45.6重量%、シグマ・アルドリッチ)および600mLのパンクチリアスエタノールを混合した。第2の溶液を調製するために、1.4684gのジルコニウムn−プロポキシド(エタノール中に70重量%、アルファ・エイサー)、1.7388gのテトラエチルオルトシリケート(シグマ・アルドリッチ)、および20mLのパンクチリアスエタノールを混合した。第2の溶液を不活性雰囲気ドライボックス中で第1の溶液に添加した。その直後に、6gのヴァルカン(登録商標)XC72R(キャボット・コーポレーション)を溶液に添加し、その約5分後、1.2gのH2Oを混合物に添加して加水分解および縮合反応を開始した。後続のすべての手順は、実施例2に記載された手順と同じである。
電気化学データ:ピーク酸化電流
Claims (37)
- チタンシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、ジルコニウムシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる母材中に分散されてその全体にわたって分布された少なくとも1つの貴金属と少なくとも1つの導電性成分とを含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- 少なくとも1つの貴金属が白金、ルテニウム、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる請求項1に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- 式
{[(Pt)a(Ru)b(M)1−(a+b)]1−d[(Tin yZrxSi1−x−y)(O1−eOH2e)z]d}q[C]r
(式中、nが3〜4であり、
xが0〜1であり、
yが0〜1であり、
x+y>0、
z=[4(x+(1−x−y))+n(y)]/2、
aが0.01〜1であり、
b=0〜0.99であり、
dが0.05〜0.95であり、
eが0〜1であり、
Mが、Ni、Co、Fe、W、およびMoから選択される促進剤元素であり、
Cが少なくとも1つの導電性成分であり、
qが約5重量%〜約90重量%であり、
rが1−qである)で表される請求項2に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。 - aが0.5である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- bが0.5である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- xが0〜0.5である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- yが0〜0.5である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- dが0.5である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- qが40重量%である請求項3に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- 少なくとも1つの導電性成分が乱層炭素または黒鉛状炭素を含んでなる請求項1に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体。
- 請求項1に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体を含んでなる物品。
- 請求項1に記載のゾル−ゲル誘導複合体でコーティングされた支持体。
- a)少なくとも1つの貴金属含有化合物を含んでなる第1の溶液と金属アルコキシド、オルトシリケート、および溶媒を含んでなる第2の溶液とを配合して混合物を形成する工程と、
b)少なくとも1つの導電性成分を含んでなる第3の溶液を混合物に添加する工程と、
c)混合物を重合して無機ゲルを形成する工程と
を含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体を製造するための方法。 - 少なくとも1つの貴金属含有化合物が白金、ルテニウム、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの導電性成分が乱層炭素または黒鉛状炭素を含んでなる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 金属アルコキシドがチタンアルコキシドまたはジルコニウムアルコキシドを含んでなる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 金属アルコキシドが金属エトキシド、金属n−ブトキシド、金属イソプロポキシド、または金属n−プロポキシドである請求項13に記載の方法。
- 金属アルコキシドがチタンn−ブトキシドまたはジルコニウムn−プロポキシドである請求項17に記載の方法。
- オルトシリケートがテトラエチルオルトシリケートである請求項13に記載の方法。
- ゲル化剤が重合工程を促進する請求項13に記載の方法。
- ゲル化剤が水である請求項20に記載の方法。
- 水が、約0.1:1〜約10:1の範囲の水:金属アルコキシドのモル比で存在する請求項21に記載の方法。
- 重合工程の後に無機ゲルを乾燥させるさらなる工程を含んでなる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 乾燥工程が、無機ゲルを加熱するかまたは溶媒を無機ゲルから除去することによって行なわれる請求項23に記載の方法。
- 乾燥工程の後に無機ゲルをカ焼するさらなる工程を含んでなる請求項23に記載の方法。
- 溶媒がエタノールである請求項13に記載の方法。
- エタノールが約5:1〜約53:1の範囲のエタノール:金属アルコキシドのモル比で存在する請求項26に記載の方法。
- 混合物が約1〜約12の範囲のpHを有する請求項13に記載の方法。
- チャンバと、チャンバをアノード区画とカソード区画とに分離する膜とを含んでなる燃料電池であって、膜が、チタンシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、ジルコニウムシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる母材中に分散されてその全体にわたって分布された少なくとも1つの貴金属と少なくとも1つの導電性成分とを含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体を含んでなる触媒で少なくとも部分的にコーティングされる、燃料電池。
- 膜が、アノードチャンバに面する第1の表面とカソードチャンバに面する第2の表面とを含んでなり、触媒が、第1の表面上に少なくとも部分的にコーティングされる請求項29に記載の燃料電池。
- ダイレクトメタノール燃料電池である請求項29に記載の燃料電池。
- 少なくとも2つの燃料電池を含んでなり、少なくとも2つの燃料電池の少なくとも1つが請求項29に記載の燃料電池を含んでなる、燃料電池スタック。
- a)第1の電極と、
b)第2の電極と、
c)第1および第2の電極の間に挟まれた固体ポリマー電解質膜と
を含んでなる膜電極組立体であって、チタンシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、ジルコニウムシリコンゾル−ゲル誘導材料、またはそれらの混合物を含んでなる母材中に分散されてその全体にわたって分布された少なくとも1つの貴金属と少なくとも1つの導電性成分とを含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体が、第1の電極と固体ポリマー電解質膜との間の境界面に配置される、膜電極組立体。 - 第1の電極がアノードである請求項33に記載の膜電極組立体。
- ゾル−ゲル誘導複合体が、固体ポリマー電解質膜に面する第1の電極の表面、第1の電極に面する固体ポリマー電解質膜の表面、またはそれらの組合せの上にコーティングされる請求項33に記載の膜電極組立体。
- 少なくとも1つの貴金属と少なくとも1つの導電性成分とを含んでなるゾル−ゲル誘導複合体が、第2の電極と固体ポリマー電解質膜との間の境界面に配置される請求項33に記載の膜電極組立体。
- ゾル−ゲル誘導複合体が、固体ポリマー電解質膜に面する第1の電極の表面および固体ポリマー電解質に面する第2の電極の表面、固体ポリマー電解質膜の両方の表面、またはそれらの組合せの上にコーティングされる請求項36に記載の膜電極組立体。
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KR101265075B1 (ko) | 2011-05-13 | 2013-05-16 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 실리카 코팅을 이용한 연료전지용 합금촉매의 제조방법 |
JP7397309B2 (ja) | 2019-04-12 | 2023-12-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 合金触媒の製造方法及び合金触媒 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2005119828A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
DE112005001207T5 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
WO2005119828A3 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
US20080026275A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
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