JP2008282821A - Separator of fuel cell - Google Patents

Separator of fuel cell Download PDF

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JP2008282821A
JP2008282821A JP2008184442A JP2008184442A JP2008282821A JP 2008282821 A JP2008282821 A JP 2008282821A JP 2008184442 A JP2008184442 A JP 2008184442A JP 2008184442 A JP2008184442 A JP 2008184442A JP 2008282821 A JP2008282821 A JP 2008282821A
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inlet
gas
channel groove
flow
outlet
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JP5056637B2 (en
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Katsuzo Konakawa
勝蔵 粉川
Kazuhito Hado
一仁 羽藤
Hiroki Kusakabe
弘樹 日下部
Shinsuke Takeguchi
伸介 竹口
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Panasonic Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize improvement of durability and electricity conversion energy efficiency, and complete flooding prevention against deterioration of an electrolyte membrane and gas diffusion electrode, by preventing concentration of reactions at a groove part of entrance side flow passage relating to a separator of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. <P>SOLUTION: The flow passage groove 2 of the separator 1 has the entrance side flow passage groove part 13 positioned on the entrance side, the exit side flow passage groove part 14 positioned on the exit side, a confluent part 16, arranged in between the entrance side flow passage groove part 13 and the exit side flow passage groove part 14, and a bypass flow passage groove part 15 communicating with the entrance side of the exit side flow passage groove part 14, from the entrance side of the entrance side flow passage groove part 13 via the confluent part 16. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセパレータに関する。   The present invention relates to a separator for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

従来、この種の燃料電池は、イオン導電性が付与された固体高分子電解質膜の両面に触媒を担持したガス拡散電極を両面に重ね合わせて発電セルを構成している。そして、この発電セルは複数個を接続して所定の電圧を得る。このため、発電セル間にセパレータを介在させ発電セルを積層してスタック化する。そして、セパレータの両側にそれぞれ燃料ガス及び酸化ガスを供給してそれぞれのガス拡散電極に燃料ガス及び酸化ガスを供給すると、固体高分子膜でのイオン導電と各ガス拡散電極の電気化学反応が進行して一対のガス拡散電極間に電圧が発生し、集電電極の機能を持つ両端側の一対のセパレータを介して外部回路に給電する。この様な発電においては、供給ガスを出来るだけ均等にガス拡散電極の電極面に供給することがガス利用率を高め、発電効率と出力性能を良くする。   Conventionally, this type of fuel cell constitutes a power generation cell by superposing gas diffusion electrodes carrying a catalyst on both surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane to which ion conductivity is imparted. A plurality of power generation cells are connected to obtain a predetermined voltage. For this reason, a separator is interposed between the power generation cells, and the power generation cells are stacked to form a stack. When the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to both sides of the separator and the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to the respective gas diffusion electrodes, the ionic conduction in the solid polymer film and the electrochemical reaction of each gas diffusion electrode proceed. Thus, a voltage is generated between the pair of gas diffusion electrodes, and power is supplied to the external circuit through the pair of separators on both end sides having the function of current collecting electrodes. In such power generation, supplying the supply gas to the electrode surface of the gas diffusion electrode as evenly as possible increases the gas utilization rate and improves the power generation efficiency and output performance.

しかし、ガス拡散電極の全面に供給ガスが供給されるようにすると、セパレータとガス拡散電極との接触面積が無くなり、発生した電流の効率的な集電やガス拡散電極で発生する熱の除去が難しくなる。このため、セパレータとガス拡散電極の境界部分に、供給ガスの通流方向を規制する流路溝が設けられ、セパレータとガス拡散電極とをある割合に接触面積を保っている。セパレータ側に形成したこの流路溝部は、蛇行したサーペンタイン構成、あるいは複数本構成が特許文献１と特許文献２等に記載されている。   However, if the supply gas is supplied to the entire surface of the gas diffusion electrode, the contact area between the separator and the gas diffusion electrode is eliminated, and the generated current is efficiently collected and the heat generated in the gas diffusion electrode is removed. It becomes difficult. For this reason, a channel groove for regulating the flow direction of the supply gas is provided at the boundary between the separator and the gas diffusion electrode, and the contact area between the separator and the gas diffusion electrode is maintained at a certain ratio. This flow channel groove formed on the separator side has a serpentine serpentine configuration or a plurality of configurations described in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like.

そして、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池は、固体高分子電解質のイオン導電性を十分に発揮させて発電効率を高く維持するためには、供給するガスを加湿して供給ガス中の水蒸気濃度を高める必要があり、さらに、水素と酸素から水を生成する電気化学反応のエネルギーを電気量に変換するものであるため、カソード側において水が生成する。   In order to sufficiently maintain the power generation efficiency by fully exhibiting the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte, the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell increases the water vapor concentration in the supplied gas by humidifying the supplied gas. In addition, since the energy of an electrochemical reaction that generates water from hydrogen and oxygen is converted into an electric quantity, water is generated on the cathode side.

このため、供給ガスの流路溝には、反応上生成される水が下流側、特に出口側に多量に含有し、気液二相状態となってガス流路溝を塞いでしまい（この現象をフラッディングという）終には、ガス流れが停止して発電を停止する。このフラッディングを防止する技術の従来例としては、特許文献３に記載されたものが知られている。   For this reason, a large amount of water produced in the reaction is contained in the flow channel groove of the supply gas on the downstream side, particularly on the outlet side, and it becomes a gas-liquid two-phase state and closes the gas flow channel groove (this phenomenon). In the end, the gas flow stops and power generation stops. As a conventional example of the technique for preventing the flooding, a technique described in Patent Document 3 is known.

図６は従来の固体高分子電解質型燃料電池の酸化ガスセパレータを示す。セパレータ１の溝部材２は、ガス拡散電極に対応した方形状でガス不透過性と導電性をして構成される。入口マニホールド３から酸化ガスが流入され、流路溝材２の溝を経た酸化ガスを出口マニホールド４より導出する。燃料ガスのセパレータ１も酸化ガスの入口マニホールド３および出口マニホールド４と互違いの位置に形成された入口マニホールド５及び出力マニホールド６より燃料ガスの流入と導出が行われる。流路溝材２の溝は、入口マニホールド３に直接に連通した入口側流路溝７Ａと、上記出口マニホールド４に直接に連通した出口側流路溝８Ｂと、上記入口側流路溝７Ａ及び出口側流路溝８Ｂとを連通した中間流路溝９とから構成されている。入口側流路溝７Ａと出口側流路溝８Ｂとは格子状に形成され、中間流路溝９は、複数回折返した曲折形態に形成され、複数本の直線状に延びる独立流路群９Ａ〜９Ｅと、折返し部に形成された格子状溝１０Ａ〜１０Ｄとから構成されている。すなわち、入口側流路溝７Ａと出口側流路溝８Ｂは、縦横に整列して形成された孤立突起ａ以外の領域がガス流路溝であり、独立流路群９Ａ〜９Ｅは長延突起ｂ以外の領域がガス流路溝である。また、折返し部の格子状溝１０Ａ〜１０Ｄは、孤立突起ｃ以外の領域がガス流路溝である。   FIG. 6 shows an oxidant gas separator of a conventional solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The groove member 2 of the separator 1 has a rectangular shape corresponding to the gas diffusion electrode and is configured to be gas-impermeable and conductive. Oxidizing gas is introduced from the inlet manifold 3, and the oxidizing gas that has passed through the grooves of the channel groove material 2 is led out from the outlet manifold 4. The fuel gas separator 1 also flows in and out of the fuel gas from the inlet manifold 5 and the output manifold 6 formed at positions different from the inlet manifold 3 and outlet manifold 4 for the oxidizing gas. The groove of the flow channel member 2 includes an inlet-side flow channel 7A directly communicating with the inlet manifold 3, an outlet-side flow channel 8B directly communicating with the outlet manifold 4, the inlet-side flow channel 7A, It is comprised from the intermediate flow path groove 9 which connected the exit side flow path groove 8B. The inlet-side channel groove 7A and the outlet-side channel groove 8B are formed in a lattice shape, and the intermediate channel groove 9 is formed in a bent shape that is folded back multiple times, and a plurality of linear channel groups 9A that extend in a straight line shape. To 9E and lattice-like grooves 10A to 10D formed in the folded portion. That is, in the inlet-side channel groove 7A and the outlet-side channel groove 8B, a region other than the isolated projection a formed in vertical and horizontal directions is a gas channel groove, and the independent channel groups 9A to 9E are elongated projections b. The area other than is a gas flow path groove. Moreover, as for the grid | lattice-like groove | channels 10A-10D of a folding | turning part, area | regions other than the isolated protrusion c are gas flow path grooves.

反応生成水によるフラッディングにより供給ガスの停滞を防止するため、過去より種々のガス流路溝が工夫され、ガス流路が格子状となるタイプと、入口から出口まで１本の流路とするタイプがあるが、格子状タイプは、フラッディングに達するような水溜まりは生じないが、全体に均一となるガス拡散性能、一部が閉塞するなど排水性能に劣る。また、１本流路タイプは、拡散性が良いが、流れ抵抗が増えてガス供給装置側の元圧を高くする必要を生じ補機動力が増加してシステム効率が低下する。   In order to prevent stagnation of the supply gas by flooding with reaction product water, various gas flow channel grooves have been devised from the past, and the gas flow channel has a lattice shape, and the type that has one flow channel from the inlet to the outlet However, the grid type does not cause a water pool to reach flooding, but is inferior in drainage performance such as uniform gas diffusion performance and partial blockage. In addition, the single channel type has good diffusibility, but the flow resistance increases, and it is necessary to increase the source pressure on the gas supply device side, resulting in an increase in auxiliary power and a decrease in system efficiency.

そして、特許文献３に記載されたものは、供給ガスの入口側流路溝部及び出口側流路溝部が縦横に整列して形成された孤立突起ａ以外の領域がガス流路溝であり格子状をなすため、電極へのガスの接触面積が広くなると共に、ガスが自由に移動でき、時間的に速く電極と接触する。従って、入口側流路溝部では供給ガスと電極との接触効率（面積的に広く及び時間的に速く接触）が高く入口側におけるガス拡散性の損失を回避し得る。また、出口側流路溝部では、入口側と同様のガス拡散性の損失を回避し、かつ流路断面積が広くなるため排水性を確保してフラッディングを防止することができると記述してある。
特公昭５０−８７７７号公報 特開平７−２６３００３号公報 特開平１０−１０６５９４号公報 In addition, what is described in Patent Document 3 is a gas channel groove in which a region other than the isolated protrusion a in which the inlet-side channel groove portion and the outlet-side channel groove portion of the supply gas are aligned vertically and horizontally is a lattice shape. Therefore, the contact area of the gas to the electrode is widened, the gas can move freely, and it contacts the electrode quickly in time. Therefore, in the inlet-side channel groove portion, the contact efficiency between the supply gas and the electrode (wide contact in area and fast in time) is high, and loss of gas diffusibility on the inlet side can be avoided. Further, it is described that in the outlet side channel groove portion, loss of gas diffusibility similar to that on the inlet side can be avoided, and since the channel cross-sectional area becomes wide, drainage can be secured and flooding can be prevented. .
Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-8777 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-263003 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-106594

しかしながらこの従来構成においては、入口側流路溝部ではガス拡散性を高め、この部分の反応を促進して全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めたため、入口側流路溝部での反応が集中し固体高分子電解質の膜やガス拡散電極の触媒層の劣化が進み耐久性に課題が残った。また、出口側流路溝部では、流路断面積が広くして排水性を確保してフラッディングを防止してあるが、流路断面積が広いためガスの流れが偏在し一様でなく、流速の遅い部分では生成水が流路溝の一部を閉塞した状態を発生し、この部分にはガスが供給できなく完全にフラッディングを防止できなかった。   However, in this conventional configuration, the gas diffusibility is increased in the inlet-side channel groove part, and the reaction in this part is promoted to increase the overall electric conversion energy efficiency. The deterioration of the molecular electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer of the gas diffusion electrode has progressed, and there remains a problem in durability. In addition, in the outlet side channel groove, the channel cross-sectional area is wide to ensure drainage and prevent flooding, but because the channel cross-sectional area is wide, the gas flow is unevenly distributed and the flow rate is not uniform. In the slow part, the generated water closed a part of the channel groove, and gas could not be supplied to this part, and flooding could not be prevented completely.

本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するもので、入り口から出口に至る反応量を均一化させて耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高め、かつフラッディングを防止して信頼性を高めた燃料電池のセパレータを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and makes the reaction amount from the inlet to the outlet uniform, improves the durability reliability and the overall electric energy conversion efficiency, and prevents flooding to improve reliability. An object is to provide an improved fuel cell separator.

前記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の燃料電池のセパレータは、固体高分子電解質膜と、前記固体高分子電解質膜を挟持する一対のガス拡散電極と、前記一対のガス拡散電極のおのおのの反固体高分子電解質膜側の面に配置される燃料電池のセパレータであって、前記一対のガス拡散電極に燃料ガスと酸化ガスとをそれぞれ独立に供給するための一対のガスの入口と出口を連ねるガス流路溝を有し、前記燃料ガスの前記ガス流路溝と前記酸化ガスの前記ガス流路溝のうちの少なくとも一方は、前記入口側に位置する入口側流路溝部と、前記出口側に位置する出口側流路溝部と、前記入口側流路溝部と前記出口側流路溝部との間に配された合流部と、前記入口側流路溝部の入口側から前記出口側流路溝部の入口側に前記合流部を介して連通するバイパス流路溝部とを有すると共に、前記入口から供給されたガスの流れが、前記入口側流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れ、及び、前記バイパス流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れであるように構成したものである。   In order to solve the conventional problems, a fuel cell separator according to the present invention includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and each of the pair of gas diffusion electrodes. A separator for a fuel cell disposed on the surface of the anti-solid polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein a pair of gas inlets and outlets for independently supplying fuel gas and oxidizing gas to the pair of gas diffusion electrodes, respectively And at least one of the gas flow channel groove of the fuel gas and the gas flow channel groove of the oxidizing gas is an inlet-side flow channel portion located on the inlet side, An outlet-side channel groove located on the outlet side, a merged portion disposed between the inlet-side channel groove and the outlet-side channel groove, and the outlet-side flow from the inlet side of the inlet-side channel groove It is connected to the entrance side of the road groove through the junction. A flow path of the gas supplied from the inlet, the flow flowing through the inlet-side flow groove section, the merging section, the outlet-side flow path groove section, and the bypass flow-path groove section, It is comprised so that it may be the flow which flows with the said confluence | merging part and the said exit side flow-path groove part.

これによって、各々の入口側から入った燃料ガスおよび酸化ガスは、途中で水となり順次質量を減じながら出口側にいたる、そのため、入口側における燃料ガスおよび酸化ガスのガス量は、出口側に比較して大変多くなる。   As a result, the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas entering from each inlet side become water on the way to the outlet side while reducing the mass sequentially, so the amount of fuel gas and oxidizing gas on the inlet side is compared with the outlet side And so much.

前記入口側から前記出口側に連通するバイパス流路溝部を構成したことにより、入口側流路に入るガス量の一部は入口側流路部を通らずに直接出口側流路に流れる。そのため、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計できるため拡散電極へのガス拡散を小さくでき、入口側部での過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。   By configuring the bypass channel groove that communicates from the inlet side to the outlet side, part of the gas amount entering the inlet side channel flows directly to the outlet side channel without passing through the inlet side channel. Therefore, the gas flow velocity at the inlet portion where the flow rate is high can be designed to be small, so that gas diffusion to the diffusion electrode can be reduced, excessive reaction promotion at the inlet side portion can be reduced, and the flow rate of the supply gas is the highest and the flow resistance is the highest. Since the flow velocity of the large inlet-side channel portion is small, it is possible to reduce the overall loss resistance.

また、入口側と出口側の流速が近似でき電流密度の均一化と流れの損失抵抗の低減できる流路を構成できるものである。特に、負荷に合わせて、供給するガス流量を変化した場合も、この均一性が維持でき、耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   Further, it is possible to construct a flow path that can approximate the flow velocity on the inlet side and the outlet side, make the current density uniform, and reduce the flow loss resistance. In particular, even when the gas flow to be supplied is changed in accordance with the load, this uniformity can be maintained, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

そして、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。   And since the flow velocity of gas can be designed large in an exit side channel groove part, the produced | generated water generated inside can be discharged | emitted outside by the dynamic pressure of gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water.

本発明によれば、流量の多い入口側部での過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。また、流量の少ない出口部でのガスの流速を大きく設計できるため反応促進を増大でき、反応量を均一化させて電流密度を一定とし耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。そして、負荷に合わせてこの均一性が維持でき、耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce excessive reaction acceleration at the inlet side where the flow rate is large, and to reduce the overall loss resistance. In addition, since the gas flow rate at the outlet with a small flow rate can be designed to be large, the acceleration of the reaction can be increased, the reaction amount is made uniform, the current density is constant, the durability reliability is improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency is increased. Can do. This uniformity can be maintained according to the load, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased. Moreover, since the gas flow velocity can be designed to be large at the outlet side channel groove portion, the generated water generated inside can be discharged to the outside by the dynamic pressure of the gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water.

請求項１記載の発明は、固体高分子電解質膜と、前記固体高分子電解質膜を挟持する一対のガス拡散電極と、前記一対のガス拡散電極のおのおのの反固体高分子電解質膜側の面に配置される燃料電池のセパレータであって、前記一対のガス拡散電極に燃料ガスと酸化ガスとをそれぞれ独立に供給するための一対のガスの入口と出口を連ねるガス流路溝を有し、前記燃料ガスの前記ガス流路溝と前記酸化ガスの前記ガス流路溝のうちの少なくとも一方は、前記入口側に位置する入口側流路溝部と、前記出口側に位置する出口側流路溝部と、前記入口側流路溝部と前記出口側流路溝部との間に配された合流部と、前記入口側流路溝部の入口側から前記出口側流路溝部の入口側に前記合流部を介して連通するバイパス流路溝部とを有すると共に、前記入口から供給されたガスの流れが、前記入口側流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れ、及び、前記バイパス流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れであるように構成したものである。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a surface on the anti-solid polymer electrolyte membrane side of each of the pair of gas diffusion electrodes. A separator for a fuel cell to be disposed, comprising a gas flow channel groove connecting a pair of gas inlets and outlets for independently supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas to the pair of gas diffusion electrodes, At least one of the gas flow channel groove for fuel gas and the gas flow channel groove for the oxidant gas includes an inlet-side flow channel portion located on the inlet side, and an outlet-side flow channel portion located on the outlet side. A junction portion disposed between the inlet-side channel groove portion and the outlet-side channel groove portion, and an inlet side of the inlet-side channel groove portion from the inlet side of the outlet-side channel groove portion via the junction portion. And a bypass channel groove that communicates with the The flow of the gas supplied from the inlet flows with the inlet-side channel groove, the merging portion, and the outlet-side channel groove, and the bypass channel groove, the merging portion, and the outlet-side channel groove. It is configured to be a flowing flow.

これによって、前記入口側から前記出口側に連通するバイパス流路溝部を構成したことにより、入口側流路に入るガス量の一部は入口側流路部を通らずに直接出口側流路に流れる。そのため、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計できるため拡散電極へのガス拡散を小さくでき、入口側部での過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。   As a result, the bypass channel groove portion communicating from the inlet side to the outlet side is configured, so that a part of the gas amount entering the inlet side channel directly enters the outlet side channel without passing through the inlet side channel portion. Flowing. Therefore, the gas flow velocity at the inlet portion where the flow rate is high can be designed to be small, so that gas diffusion to the diffusion electrode can be reduced, excessive reaction promotion at the inlet side portion can be reduced, and the flow rate of the supply gas is the highest and the flow resistance is the highest. Since the flow velocity of the large inlet-side channel portion is small, it is possible to reduce the overall loss resistance.

また、入口側と出口側の流速が近似でき電流密度の均一化と流れの損失抵抗の低減できる流路を構成できるものである。特に、負荷に合わせて、供給するガス流量を変化した場合も、この均一性が維持でき、耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   Further, it is possible to construct a flow path that can approximate the flow velocity on the inlet side and the outlet side, make the current density uniform, and reduce the flow loss resistance. In particular, even when the gas flow to be supplied is changed in accordance with the load, this uniformity can be maintained, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

そして、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。そして、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。   And since the flow velocity of gas can be designed large in an exit side channel groove part, the produced | generated water generated inside can be discharged | emitted outside by the dynamic pressure of gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water. And since the flow rate of the inlet-side channel section with the largest supply gas flow rate and the largest flow resistance is small, the overall loss resistance can be reduced, so the power of the blower can be small and the power of the auxiliary machine is reduced. And the efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

さらに、入口側流路溝部の入口側から出口側流路溝部の入口側にバイパス流路溝部を連通して構成したことにより、流量の最も多い入口側流路溝部の入口側でのガスの流速を小さく設計しガス拡散電極へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、発電のためには必ず流す必要のある出口側流路溝部の入口側から全部のガスを流すことにより設計どおりの電気化学反応が可能となる。このため、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   Furthermore, the bypass flow channel groove is connected from the inlet side of the inlet side flow channel portion to the inlet side of the outlet side flow channel portion, so that the gas flow velocity at the inlet side of the inlet flow channel groove portion with the highest flow rate is obtained. Designed to reduce the gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode, while allowing all the gas to flow from the inlet side of the outlet channel groove, which must flow for power generation, the electrochemical reaction as designed is possible. It becomes. For this reason, the current density can be made small and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

請求項２記載の発明は、特に請求項１の燃料電池のセパレータにおける前記合流部の流路断面積を前記パイパス流路構造部の流路断面積よりも大きく構成したものである。   The invention described in claim 2 is constructed such that the flow passage cross-sectional area of the junction portion in the separator of the fuel cell of claim 1 is made larger than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the bypass flow passage structure portion.

請求項３記載の発明は、特に請求項１〜２の燃料電池のセパレータに関し、供給ガスの出口側流路溝部の流路断面積は、入口側流路溝部とバイパス流路溝部の和の流路断面積より小さく構成してあるため、流量の少ない出口側部でのガスの流速を大きく設計できるためガス拡散電極へのガス拡散を大きくでき、出口側部での反応促進を増大できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る反応量を均一化させて各部分の電流密度を一定となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   The invention according to claim 3 particularly relates to the separator of the fuel cell according to claims 1 to 2, wherein the flow path cross-sectional area of the outlet side flow channel groove of the supply gas is the sum of the inlet side flow channel groove and the bypass flow channel groove. Since it is configured to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the road, the gas flow rate at the outlet side with a small flow rate can be designed large, so that the gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode can be increased, and the reaction promotion at the outlet side can be increased. For this reason, the amount of reaction from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas is made uniform, the current density of each part becomes constant, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

請求項４記載の発明は、特に請求項１〜３の燃料電池のセパレータを入口側流路溝部は少なくとも複数の流路で構成し、前記入口側流路溝部の少なくとも一部を合流後出口側流路溝部に連通したことにより、入口側流路溝部の流路パターンが同じでも、入口側流路溝部は出口側流路溝部に対して単位流路当りのガス拡散電極の面積を大幅に増加できるため、電流密度が小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができ、流路の設計自由度が向上し、加工も容易で安価となる。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in particular, the separator of the fuel cell according to any one of the first to third aspects is configured such that the inlet-side channel groove portion includes at least a plurality of channels, and at least a part of the inlet-side channel groove portion is the outlet side after joining. By communicating with the channel groove, the inlet side channel groove greatly increases the area of the gas diffusion electrode per unit channel compared to the outlet side channel groove even if the channel pattern of the inlet side channel groove is the same. Therefore, the current density is small and uniform, the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased, the flow path design freedom is improved, and the processing is easy and inexpensive.

請求項５記載の発明は、特に請求項１〜４の燃料電池のセパレータを少なくとも一部のバイパス流路溝部をガス拡散電極と隔離して構成したことにより、このバイパス流路溝部では、反応を生じることがなく、入口流路部と出口流路部で全ての反応を行う。このため、バイパス流路溝部の冷却や電流密度を考慮する必要がなく、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができ、流路の設計自由度が向上し、加工も容易で安価となる。   In the invention according to claim 5, the separator of the fuel cell according to claims 1 to 4 is configured by separating at least a part of the bypass passage groove portion from the gas diffusion electrode. No reaction occurs, and all reactions are performed in the inlet channel portion and the outlet channel portion. For this reason, there is no need to consider the cooling of the bypass channel groove and the current density, the current density can be made small and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be improved, and the degree of freedom in designing the channel is increased. Improved, easy to process and inexpensive.

請求項６記載の発明は、特に請求項１〜５の燃料電池のセパレータを入口側流路溝部の流路断面積を出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きく構成してある。   In the invention described in claim 6, in particular, the separator of the fuel cell according to claims 1 to 5 is configured such that the channel cross-sectional area of the inlet-side channel groove is larger than the channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove.

これによって、供給ガスの流量の多い入口側流路溝部でのガスの流速をより小さく設計できるため拡散電極へのガス拡散をさらに小さくでき、過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。また、供給ガスの出口側流路溝部の流路断面積入口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも小さく構成してあるため、流量の少ない出口部でのガスの流速をさらに大きく設計できるため拡散電極へのガス拡散を大きくでき、出口側部での反応促進を増大できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る反応量をさらに均一化させて各部分の電流密度が一定となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   As a result, the gas flow rate in the inlet-side channel groove portion where the flow rate of the supply gas is large can be designed to be smaller, so that the gas diffusion to the diffusion electrode can be further reduced, the excessive reaction promotion can be reduced, and the supply gas flow rate is the highest. Since the flow velocity of the inlet-side flow path portion, which has a large flow resistance, is small, it is possible to reduce the overall loss resistance. In addition, since the flow passage cross-sectional area of the supply gas outlet-side flow groove portion is configured to be smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the inlet-side flow groove portion, the gas flow velocity at the outlet portion with a low flow rate can be designed to be larger. Gas diffusion to the diffusion electrode can be increased, and reaction promotion at the outlet side can be increased. For this reason, the reaction amount from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas is made more uniform, the current density of each part becomes constant, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

さらに、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速をさらに大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。そして、供給ガス流量全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。   Further, since the gas flow velocity can be designed to be larger at the outlet-side channel groove portion, the generated water generated inside can be discharged to the outside by the dynamic pressure of the gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water. And since it becomes possible to make small the loss resistance of the whole supply gas flow volume, the motive power of an air blower is also small, the motive power of an auxiliary machine can be reduced and the efficiency of the whole system can be improved.

請求項７記載の発明は、特に請求項６の燃料電池のセパレータを入口側流路溝部の溝幅を出口側流路溝部の溝幅より大きく構成して、前記入口側流路溝部の流路断面積は前記出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きくしたことにより、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計し拡散電極へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、かつ、流路幅を拡大して広い拡散電極で反応することが可能となる。このため、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、セパレータはカーボン、または金属の薄板をプレス、射出成型等によりセパレータの一部の流路溝幅を大きく加工することは容易である。   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the separator of the fuel cell according to the sixth aspect of the invention is configured such that the groove width of the inlet-side flow groove portion is larger than the groove width of the outlet-side flow groove portion. By making the cross-sectional area larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the outlet-side flow channel groove portion, the gas flow rate at the inlet portion where the flow rate is large is designed to be small and gas diffusion to the diffusion electrode is reduced, and the flow channel It becomes possible to react with a wide diffusion electrode by expanding the width. For this reason, the current density can be made small and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased. In addition, it is easy to process a part of the channel groove width of the separator to be large by pressing, injection molding, or the like on a carbon or metal thin plate.

請求項８記載の発明は、特に請求項６の燃料電池のセパレータを入口側流路溝部の溝深さを出口側流路溝部の溝深さより大きく構成して、前記入口側流路溝部の流路断面積は前記出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きくし、流路を大幅に大きくすることが可能であり、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計し拡散電極へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、かつ、流路に対抗して主に反応する拡散電極面積を供給ガスの入口から出口に至るまで均一な面積とでき、各部分の電流密度を一定とし耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、セパレータはカーボン、または金属の薄板をプレス、射出成型等によりセパレータの一部の流路溝深さを大きく加工することは容易である。   According to an eighth aspect of the invention, in particular, the separator of the fuel cell according to the sixth aspect is configured such that the groove depth of the inlet-side flow groove portion is larger than the groove depth of the outlet-side flow groove portion. The channel cross-sectional area is larger than the channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove part, and the channel can be greatly increased. The diffusion electrode area that reacts mainly against the flow path can be made uniform from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas, and the current density of each part is constant and the durability is reliable. And the overall electric energy conversion efficiency can be improved. In addition, it is easy to process a part of the channel groove depth of the separator to be large by pressing, injection molding, or the like on a carbon or metal thin plate.

請求項９記載の発明は、特に請求項６〜８の燃料電池のセパレータを入口側流路溝部または出口側流路溝部の少なくとも一方の流路断面積を順次小さく構成したことにより、反応により減少するガス流量に応じて流路断面積を順次小さくして、流量の多い入口部から流量の最も少ない出口部まで、ガスの流速を一定に設計できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る反応量を均一化させて各部分の電流密度を一定とし耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   The invention according to claim 9 is reduced by reaction, particularly by configuring the separator of the fuel cell according to claims 6 to 8 with the flow passage cross-sectional area of at least one of the inlet-side flow passage groove portion and the outlet-side flow passage groove portion being successively reduced. The flow rate of the gas can be designed to be constant from the inlet portion with a high flow rate to the outlet portion with the lowest flow rate by sequentially reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow path according to the gas flow rate. For this reason, the reaction amount from the inlet of the supply gas to the outlet can be made uniform, the current density of each portion can be made constant, the durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

また、流路内を流れるガスは２Ｈ２＋Ｏ２→２Ｈ２Ｏの反応によりガス流量は、順次減少する。流路断面積を順次小さく構成したことにより、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。そして、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できるため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することができ、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。 In addition, the gas flow rate of the gas flowing in the flow path decreases sequentially due to the reaction of 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O. Since the flow passage cross-sectional area is sequentially reduced, the flow rate of the inlet side flow passage portion with the largest supply gas flow rate and the large flow resistance is small, so that the overall loss resistance can be reduced. Since the flow rate of the gas can be designed to be large at the outlet side channel groove portion, the generated water generated inside can be discharged to the outside by the dynamic pressure of the gas, so that the flooding that blocks the channel with water can be prevented. Since the flow rate of the inlet-side flow path section with the largest supply gas flow rate and the largest flow resistance is small, the overall loss resistance can be reduced, so the power of the blower can be small and the power of the auxiliary equipment can be reduced. The efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

以下、本発明の燃料電池のセパレータの実施の形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of a separator of a fuel cell of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（実施の形態１）
図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータの全体構成図、図２は燃料電池全体の断面図を示す。図２において、固体高分子型の燃料電池は、イオン伝導性が付与された固体高分子電解質の膜１１の両面に触媒を担持したガス拡散電極１２を両面に重ね合わせて発電セルを構成している。そして、この発電セルは複数個を接続して所定の電圧を得る。このため、発電セル間にセパレータ１を介在させ発電セルを積層してスタック化する。そして、セパレータの両側にそれぞれ燃料ガス及び酸化ガスを供給してそれぞれのガス拡散電極１２に燃料ガス及び酸化ガスを供給すると、固体高分子膜１１でのイオン導電と各ガス拡散電極の電気化学反応が進行して一対のガス拡散電極１２間に電圧が発生し、集電電極の機能を持つ両端側の一対のセパレータ１を介して外部回路（図示せず）に給電する。この様な発電においては、供給ガスを出来るだけ均等にガス拡散電極１２の電極面に供給することがガス利用率を高め、発電効率と出力性能を良くする。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel cell separator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the entire fuel cell. In FIG. 2, a solid polymer fuel cell has a power generation cell in which gas diffusion electrodes 12 carrying a catalyst are superimposed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 11 imparted with ion conductivity. Yes. A plurality of power generation cells are connected to obtain a predetermined voltage. For this reason, the separator 1 is interposed between the power generation cells, and the power generation cells are stacked to form a stack. When the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to both sides of the separator and the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied to the respective gas diffusion electrodes 12, the ionic conduction in the solid polymer film 11 and the electrochemical reaction of each gas diffusion electrode. As a result, a voltage is generated between the pair of gas diffusion electrodes 12, and power is supplied to an external circuit (not shown) through the pair of separators 1 at both ends having the function of current collecting electrodes. In such power generation, supplying the supply gas as evenly as possible to the electrode surface of the gas diffusion electrode 12 increases the gas utilization rate and improves the power generation efficiency and the output performance.

図１に示すセパレータ１は、セパレータ１の流路溝２は、ガス拡散電極１２に対応した形状としガス不透過性と導電性有するカーボン、表面処理をした金属を用いて構成する。入口マニホールド３から燃料または酸化ガスが流入され、流路溝２の溝を経た前記ガスを出口マニホールド４より流出する。他方酸化ガスまたは燃料ガスのセパレータ１はこのセパレータ１の背面側に同様の流れる構成を設け入口マニホールド５及び出力マニホールド６よりガスの流入と導出が行われる。これにより、固体高分子電解質の膜１１を挟持する一対のガス拡散電極１２のおのおのの面に燃料ガスと酸化ガスをそれぞれの入口側から出口側に導く流路溝２を形成したセパレータ１を構成している。   In the separator 1 shown in FIG. 1, the flow channel 2 of the separator 1 has a shape corresponding to the gas diffusion electrode 12, and is configured using gas impervious and conductive carbon, and surface-treated metal. Fuel or oxidizing gas is introduced from the inlet manifold 3 and flows out from the outlet manifold 4 through the groove of the flow path groove 2. On the other hand, the oxidizing gas or fuel gas separator 1 is provided with a similar flow structure on the back side of the separator 1, and gas is introduced and led out from the inlet manifold 5 and the output manifold 6. As a result, the separator 1 in which the flow channel 2 for guiding the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas from the respective inlet side to the outlet side is formed on each surface of the pair of gas diffusion electrodes 12 sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 11 is formed. is doing.

そして、流路溝材２の溝は、入口側の入口マニホールド３に直接に連通した入口側流路溝部１３と出口マニホールド４に直接に連通した出口側流路溝部１４と、入口側流路溝部１３から出口側流路溝部１４に連通するバイパス流路溝部１５を構成してある。入口側流路溝部１３は、複数の溝で構成し入口マニホールド３に直接に連通し蛇行しなからバイパス流路溝部１５との合流部１６に至る。出口側流路溝部１４も、複数の溝で構成し合流部１６に連通し蛇行しなから出口マニホールド４に至る。バイパス流路溝部１５は、複数の溝で構成し入口マニホールド３に直接に連通し出口側流路溝部１４との合流部１６に至る。   The groove of the flow channel member 2 includes an inlet-side flow groove 13 that communicates directly with the inlet-side inlet manifold 3, an outlet-side flow groove 14 that communicates directly with the outlet manifold 4, and an inlet-side flow groove. A bypass flow channel groove 15 communicating with the outlet side flow channel groove 14 from 13 is formed. The inlet-side channel groove portion 13 is constituted by a plurality of grooves and does not directly communicate with the inlet manifold 3 and does not meander to reach the junction 16 with the bypass channel groove portion 15. The outlet-side channel groove portion 14 is also constituted by a plurality of grooves, communicates with the merging portion 16 and does not meander to reach the outlet manifold 4. The bypass flow channel groove portion 15 is constituted by a plurality of grooves, communicates directly with the inlet manifold 3, and reaches the junction 16 with the outlet side flow channel groove portion 14.

以上のように構成された燃料電池のセパレータについて、以下その動作、作用を説明する。   About the separator of the fuel cell comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below.

まず、入口マニホールド３から入口側流路溝部１３に入った燃料ガスおよび酸化ガスは、途中の入口側流路溝部１３と出口側流路溝部１４を流れる時、ガス拡散電極に拡散して電気化学反応を行い、燃料ガスは消費され、酸化ガスは水となり順次質量を減じながら出口側流路溝部１４に至り排出される。そのため、入口側における燃料ガスおよび酸化ガスのガス量は、出口側に比較して大変多くなる。   First, when the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas that have entered the inlet-side channel groove 13 from the inlet manifold 3 flow in the middle of the inlet-side channel groove 13 and the outlet-side channel groove 14, they diffuse into the gas diffusion electrode and are electrochemical. The reaction is performed, the fuel gas is consumed, and the oxidizing gas becomes water, and reaches the outlet side channel groove portion 14 while being gradually reduced in mass and discharged. Therefore, the amount of fuel gas and oxidizing gas on the inlet side is much larger than that on the outlet side.

入口マニホールド３から入るガス量の一部は入口側流路部１３を流れ、残りのガスは入口側流路部１３を通らずにバイパス流路溝部１５を通って合流部１６に流れ、この合流部１６で入口側流路部１３を流れたガスとバイパス流路溝部１５を流れたガスが合流し、出口側流路溝部１４から出口マニホールド４に至り排出する。このため、流量の多い入口部の入口側流路部１３でのガスの流速を小さく設計できる。ガスのガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散はガスの流速が早くなると増加する。このため、ガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を小さくでき、入口側の入口側流路部１３での過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路溝部１３の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。また、供給ガスの出口側流路溝部１４の流路断面積は、入口側流路溝部１３とバイパス流路溝部１５の和の流路断面積よりも小さく構成できるため、（最適値は０．５〜０．７）流量の少ない出口部の出口側流路溝部１４でのガスの流速を入口側と同じほど大きく設計できるためガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を大きくでき、出口側の出口側流路溝部１４での電気化学反応促進を増大できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る電気化学反応量を均一化させて各部分の電流密度を一定となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   A part of the amount of gas entering from the inlet manifold 3 flows through the inlet-side channel portion 13, and the remaining gas flows through the bypass channel groove portion 15 to the merging portion 16 without passing through the inlet-side channel portion 13. The gas that has flowed through the inlet-side flow path portion 13 and the gas that has flowed through the bypass flow-path groove portion 15 merge at the section 16 and are discharged from the outlet-side flow path groove portion 14 to the outlet manifold 4. For this reason, the flow velocity of the gas in the inlet side flow path part 13 of an inlet part with much flow volume can be designed small. Gas diffusion into the gas diffusion electrode 12 increases as the gas flow rate increases. For this reason, gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 can be reduced, excessive reaction acceleration in the inlet-side flow passage portion 13 on the inlet side can be reduced, and the inlet-side flow passage groove portion having the largest supply gas flow rate and the large flow resistance. Since the flow rate of 13 is small, it is possible to reduce the overall loss resistance. Further, the flow passage cross-sectional area of the supply gas outlet-side flow groove portion 14 can be configured to be smaller than the sum of the flow-port cross-sectional areas of the inlet-side flow passage groove portion 13 and the bypass flow passage groove portion 15 (the optimum value is 0. 5 to 0.7) Since the flow velocity of the gas in the outlet-side channel groove 14 of the outlet portion with a small flow rate can be designed to be as large as the inlet side, gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 can be increased, and the outlet side on the outlet side The promotion of the electrochemical reaction in the flow channel groove 14 can be increased. For this reason, the amount of electrochemical reaction from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas is made uniform, the current density of each part becomes constant, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

また、発電する電気量は、実使用実態に合わせて増減コントロールする必要がある。そのため、負荷に応じて燃料ガスおよび酸化ガスのガス量を増減して調整する必要がある。入口側の入口側流路溝部１３と出口側の出口側流路溝部１４の流速が近似でき電流密度の均一化と流れの損失抵抗の低減できる流路を構成できるものであり、特に、負荷に合わせて供給するガス流量を変化した場合も、この均一性は維持できるため、耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   In addition, the amount of electricity to be generated needs to be controlled to increase or decrease according to the actual usage. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust by increasing / decreasing the amount of fuel gas and oxidizing gas according to the load. The flow rate of the inlet-side channel groove 13 on the inlet side and the outlet-side channel groove 14 on the outlet side can be approximated, and a channel that can equalize the current density and reduce the loss resistance of the flow can be configured. Even when the gas flow rate to be supplied is changed, the uniformity can be maintained, so that the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be improved.

そして、出口側流路溝部１４では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となり、良好な運転範囲が拡大し安定性が向上する。   And in the exit side channel groove part 14, since the flow velocity of gas can be designed large, the produced | generated water generated inside can be discharged | emitted outside by the dynamic pressure of gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water, and an excellent operating range is expanded and stability is improved.

そして、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。   And since the flow rate of the inlet-side channel section with the largest supply gas flow rate and the largest flow resistance is small, the overall loss resistance can be reduced, so the power of the blower can be small and the power of the auxiliary machine is reduced. And the efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

また、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３の入口側である入口マニホールド３から出口側流路溝部１４の入口側である合流部１６にバイパス流路溝部１５をそれぞれ連通して構成したことにより、流量の最も多い入口側流路溝部１３の入口側でのガスの流速を最も小さく設計しガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、発電のためには必ず流す必要のある出口側流路溝部１４の入口側から全部のガスが流すことができ設計どおりの電気化学反応が可能となる。このため、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。   In addition, by configuring the separator 1 by connecting the bypass channel groove portion 15 from the inlet manifold 3 which is the inlet side of the inlet side channel groove portion 13 to the merging portion 16 which is the inlet side of the outlet side channel groove portion 14, respectively. An outlet-side channel that must be flowed for power generation while designing the smallest gas flow velocity on the inlet side of the inlet-side channel groove 13 having the highest flow rate to reduce gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12. All the gas can flow from the inlet side of the groove part 14, and the electrochemical reaction as designed becomes possible. For this reason, the current density can be made small and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased.

（実施の形態２）
図３は、本発明の第２の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータの全体構成を示す。実施の形態１と異なるところは、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３は６流路１３ａ〜ｆの複数で構成し、入口側流路溝部１３の流路１３ａ〜ｆを合流部１６ａ１６ｂ１６ｃでおのおの合流して後、出口側流路溝部１４の流路１４ａ〜ｃに連通してある。このことにより、入口側流路溝部１３の流路パターンが同じでも、入口側流路溝部１３は出口側流路溝部１４に対して単位流路当りのガス拡散電極の面積を大幅に増加できる。このため、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができ、流路の設計自由度が向上し、加工も容易で安価となる。また、電気変換エネルギー効率が高いことは、セパレータを小さくできコンパクト化が可能となる。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 shows the overall configuration of the separator of the fuel cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that the separator 1 is composed of a plurality of six flow paths 13a to f, and the flow paths 13a to f of the inlet flow path groove 13 are merged at the merge sections 16a16b16c. Then, it communicates with the channels 14a to 14c of the outlet side channel groove portion 14. As a result, even if the flow path pattern of the inlet-side flow groove 13 is the same, the inlet-side flow groove 13 can greatly increase the area of the gas diffusion electrode per unit flow with respect to the outlet-side flow groove 14. For this reason, the current density can be made small and uniform, the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be improved, the design freedom of the flow path is improved, and the processing is easy and inexpensive. In addition, the high efficiency of electrical conversion energy enables the separator to be made smaller and more compact.

（参考例）
図４は、参考例における燃料電池のセパレータの全体構成を示す。実施の形態２と異なるところは、燃料電池のセパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３の合流箇所を１６ｄ、１６ｅの２箇所と複数に構成してある。入口側流路溝部１３、出口側流路溝部１４のそれぞれの出口側のガス量は電気化学反応により入口側減少する。そのため、合流箇所１６ｄ、１６ｅを複数として、順次流速を調整したことにより、電流密度と電気化学反応により減少するガス流れの損失抵抗の分布に応じで最適な流路を構成できるものである。合流箇所は数を増やすほど性能は向上する。 (Reference example)
FIG. 4 shows the overall configuration of the separator of the fuel cell in the reference example. A difference from the second embodiment is that the separator 1 of the fuel cell is configured to have a plurality of joining locations of the inlet-side flow channel groove 13 such as 16d and 16e. The amount of gas on the outlet side of each of the inlet side channel groove portion 13 and the outlet side channel groove portion 14 decreases on the inlet side due to an electrochemical reaction. For this reason, by adjusting the flow rate sequentially by using a plurality of joining points 16d and 16e, an optimal flow path can be configured according to the current density and the distribution of loss resistance of the gas flow that decreases due to the electrochemical reaction. The performance increases as the number of merge points increases.

（実施の形態３）
図５は、本発明の第３の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータの全体構成を示す。実施の形態１と異なるところは、燃料電池のセパレータ１のバイパス流路部１５を流れる燃料ガスまたは酸化ガスを拡散させるガス拡散電極１２と離し隔離して構成してある。具体的には、ガス拡散電極１２は、入口側流路溝部１３、出口側流路溝部１４と、合流箇所１５である流路部２に対向して構成し、バイパス流路部１５はパッキン部材１７で片面を閉塞してある。このため、バイパス流路部１５では、ガス拡散せず電気化学反応を生じることがない。そのため、バイパス流路部１５の冷却や電流密度分布の均一化を考慮する必要がなく、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができ、流路の設計自由度が向上し、加工も容易で安価となる。 (Embodiment 3)
FIG. 5 shows the overall configuration of the fuel cell separator according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that it is separated from the gas diffusion electrode 12 for diffusing the fuel gas or the oxidizing gas flowing through the bypass flow path portion 15 of the separator 1 of the fuel cell. Specifically, the gas diffusion electrode 12 is configured to face the inlet side channel groove portion 13, the outlet side channel groove portion 14, and the channel portion 2 that is the junction 15, and the bypass channel portion 15 is a packing member. 17 is closed on one side. For this reason, in the bypass flow path part 15, gas diffusion does not occur and an electrochemical reaction does not occur. Therefore, there is no need to consider cooling of the bypass flow path section 15 or equalization of the current density distribution, the current density can be made smaller and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased. Design flexibility is improved, machining is easy and inexpensive.

また、セパレータ１のガスが流れる溝形状の断面積を順次小さくしてフラッディングを防止する方法は、特許第３２７２９８０号公報や特開平６−２６７５６４号公報に記載があるが、本発明の構成を加えることにより、電流密度の均一化とフラッディング抑制に対して効果がある。実施の形態１〜３において、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３の流路断面積を出口側流路溝部１４の流路断面積よりも大きく構成することによって、供給ガスの流量の多い入口側流路溝部１３でのガスの流速をより小さく設計できるためガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散をさらに小さくでき、過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部１３の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。また、供給ガスの出口側流路溝部１４の流路断面積を入口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも小さく構成してあるため、流量の少ない出口部でのガスの流速をさらに大きく設計できるためガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を大きくでき、出口側部での反応促進を増大できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る反応量をさらに均一化させて各部分の電流密度を一定となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。そして、出口側流路溝部１４では、ガスの流速をさらに大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。そして、供給ガス流量全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。   Further, a method for preventing the flooding by sequentially reducing the cross-sectional area of the groove shape through which the gas of the separator 1 flows is described in Japanese Patent No. 3272980 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-267564, but the configuration of the present invention is added. As a result, the current density is uniform and flooding is suppressed. In the first to third embodiments, the separator 1 is configured such that the flow passage cross-sectional area of the inlet-side flow groove portion 13 is larger than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the outlet-side flow passage groove portion 14, thereby increasing the supply gas flow rate. Since the flow velocity of the gas in the channel groove portion 13 can be designed to be smaller, gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 can be further reduced, excessive reaction promotion can be reduced, and the supply gas flow rate is the highest and the inlet side flow having the large flow resistance Since the flow velocity of the path portion 13 is small, the overall loss resistance can be reduced. In addition, since the flow passage cross-sectional area of the supply gas outlet-side flow groove portion 14 is smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of the inlet-side flow groove portion, the gas flow rate at the outlet portion with a small flow rate is designed to be larger. Therefore, the gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 can be increased, and the reaction promotion at the outlet side can be increased. For this reason, the amount of reaction from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas is made more uniform, the current density of each part becomes constant, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased. And in the exit side channel groove part 14, since the flow velocity of gas can be designed still larger, the produced | generated water generated inside can be discharged | emitted outside by the dynamic pressure of gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water. And since it becomes possible to make small the loss resistance of the whole supply gas flow volume, the motive power of an air blower is also small, the motive power of an auxiliary machine can be reduced and the efficiency of the whole system can be improved.

さらに、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３は出口側流路溝部１４より溝幅を大きく構成して、入口側流路溝部１３の流路断面積は出口側流路溝部１４の流路断面積よりも大きくしたことにより、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計しガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、かつ、流路幅を拡大して広い拡散電極で反応することが可能となる。このため、電流密度を小さく均一となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、セパレータ１はカーボン、または金属の薄板をプレス、射出成型等によりセパレータの一部の流路溝幅を大きく加工することは容易である。   Furthermore, the separator 1 is configured such that the inlet-side channel groove 13 has a larger groove width than the outlet-side channel groove 14, and the channel cross-sectional area of the inlet-side channel groove 13 is equal to the channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove 14. The gas flow rate at the inlet with a large flow rate is designed to be small so that gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 is reduced and the flow path width is widened to react with a wide diffusion electrode. Is possible. For this reason, the current density can be made small and uniform, durability reliability can be improved, and the overall electric conversion energy efficiency can be increased. Moreover, it is easy to process a part of the separator 1 with a large channel groove width by pressing, injection molding, or the like on a separator 1 made of carbon or metal.

また、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３は出口側流路溝部１４の溝深さを大きく構成して、入口側流路溝部１３の流路断面積は出口側流路溝部１４の流路断面積よりも大きくし、流路を大幅に大きくすることが可能であり、流量の多い入口部でのガスの流速を小さく設計しガス拡散電極１２へのガス拡散を小さくしながら、かつ、流路に対抗して主に反応する拡散電極面積を供給ガスの入口から出口に至るまで均一な面積とでき、各部分の電流密度を一定とし耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、セパレータはカーボン、または金属の薄板をプレス、射出成型等によりセパレータの一部の流路溝深さを大きく加工することは容易である。   Further, the separator 1 is configured such that the inlet-side flow groove 13 has a larger groove depth of the outlet-side flow groove 14, and the flow-sectional cross-sectional area of the inlet-side flow groove 13 is less than that of the outlet-side flow groove 14. The area can be made larger than the area and the flow path can be greatly increased. The flow speed of the gas at the inlet portion where the flow rate is large is designed to be small so that the gas diffusion to the gas diffusion electrode 12 is reduced. The diffusion electrode area that reacts mainly against the gas can be made uniform from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas, the current density of each part is constant, the durability reliability is improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency is increased. Can do. In addition, it is easy to process a part of the channel groove depth of the separator to be large by pressing, injection molding, or the like on a carbon or metal thin plate.

そして、セパレータ１を入口側流路溝部１３または出口側流路溝部１４の少なくとも一方の流路断面積を順次小さく構成したことにより、反応により減少するガス流量に応じて流路断面積を順次小さくして、流量の多い入口部から流量の最も少ない出口部まで、ガスの流速を一定に設計できる。このため、供給ガスの入口から出口に至る反応量を均一化させて各部分の電流密度を一定となり耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。そして、流路内を流れるガスは２Ｈ２＋Ｏ２→２Ｈ２Ｏの反応によりガス流量は、順次減少する。流路断面積を順次小さく構成したことにより、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部１３の流速が小さいことにより全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。そして、出口側流路溝部１４では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できるため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することができ、供給ガス流量が最も多く流れ抵抗が大きい入口側流路部１３の流速が小さいため全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となるため、送風機の動力も小さくて済み、補機の動力が低減できシステム全体の効率が向上できる。 The separator 1 is configured so that at least one of the inlet-side channel groove portion 13 and the outlet-side channel groove portion 14 has a channel cross-sectional area that is sequentially reduced, so that the channel cross-sectional area is sequentially reduced according to the gas flow rate that is reduced by the reaction. Thus, the gas flow rate can be designed to be constant from the inlet portion with a high flow rate to the outlet portion with the lowest flow rate. For this reason, the amount of reaction from the inlet to the outlet of the supply gas is made uniform, the current density of each part becomes constant, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased. Then, the gas flow rate of the gas flowing in the flow path decreases sequentially due to the reaction of 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O. Since the flow passage cross-sectional area is sequentially reduced, the overall loss resistance can be reduced because the flow rate of the inlet-side flow passage portion 13 having the largest supply gas flow rate and the large flow resistance is small. In the outlet-side channel groove portion 14, the flow rate of the gas can be designed to be large, so that the generated water generated inside can be discharged to the outside by the dynamic pressure of the gas, thereby preventing flooding where the channel is blocked by water. In addition, since the flow rate of the inlet-side flow passage portion 13 having the largest supply gas flow rate and the largest flow resistance is small, the overall loss resistance can be reduced. Therefore, the power of the blower can be small, and the power of the auxiliary device is reduced. And the efficiency of the entire system can be improved.

本発明の燃料電池のセパレータは、流量の多い入口側部での過大な反応促進を低減できると共に、全体の損失抵抗を小さくすることが可能となる。また、流量の少ない出口部でのガスの流速を大きく設計できるため反応促進を増大でき、反応量を均一化させて電流密度を一定とし耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。そして、負荷に合わせてこの均一性が維持でき、耐久信頼性の向上と全体の電気変換エネルギー効率を高めることができる。また、出口側流路溝部では、ガスの流速を大きく設計できるため、内部で発生した生成水をガスの動圧により外部に排出できる。このため、流路が水により閉塞するフラッディングを防止することが可能となる。そのため、高効率で信頼性の高い燃料電池に適用できる。   The separator of the fuel cell of the present invention can reduce excessive reaction acceleration at the inlet side where the flow rate is large, and can reduce the overall loss resistance. In addition, since the gas flow rate at the outlet with a small flow rate can be designed to be large, the acceleration of the reaction can be increased, the reaction amount is made uniform, the current density is constant, the durability reliability is improved, and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency is increased. Can do. This uniformity can be maintained according to the load, and the durability reliability can be improved and the overall electrical conversion energy efficiency can be increased. Moreover, since the gas flow velocity can be designed to be large at the outlet side channel groove portion, the generated water generated inside can be discharged to the outside by the dynamic pressure of the gas. For this reason, it becomes possible to prevent flooding in which the flow path is blocked by water. Therefore, it can be applied to a highly efficient and highly reliable fuel cell.

本発明の第１の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータを示す全体構成図1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a separator of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第１の実施の形態における燃料電池全体の断面図Sectional drawing of the whole fuel cell in the 1st Embodiment of this invention 本発明の第２の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータを示す全体構成図The whole block diagram which shows the separator of the fuel cell in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 参考例における燃料電池のセパレータを示す全体構成図Overall configuration diagram showing a separator of a fuel cell in a reference example 本発明の第３の実施の形態における燃料電池のセパレータを示す全体構成図The whole block diagram which shows the separator of the fuel cell in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 従来の燃料電池のセパレータを示す全体構成図Overall configuration diagram showing a conventional fuel cell separator

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ セパレータ
２ 流路溝
３ 入口マニホールド
４ 出口マニホールド
１３ 入口側流路溝部
１４ 出口側流路溝部
１５ バスパス流路溝部
１６ 合流部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Separator 2 Channel groove 3 Inlet manifold 4 Outlet manifold 13 Inlet side channel groove 14 Outlet side channel groove 15 Bus-pass channel groove 16 Junction

Claims (9)

固体高分子電解質膜と、前記固体高分子電解質膜を挟持する一対のガス拡散電極と、前記一対のガス拡散電極のおのおのの反固体高分子電解質膜側の面に配置される燃料電池のセパレータであって、
前記一対のガス拡散電極に燃料ガスと酸化ガスとをそれぞれ独立に供給するための一対のガスの入口と出口を連ねるガス流路溝を有しており、
前記燃料ガスの前記ガス流路溝と前記酸化ガスの前記ガス流路溝のうちの少なくとも一方は、前記入口側に位置する入口側流路溝部と、前記出口側に位置する出口側流路溝部と、前記入口側流路溝部と前記出口側流路溝部との間に配された合流部と、前記入口側流路溝部の入口側から前記出口側流路溝部の入口側に前記合流部を介して連通するバイパス流路溝部とを有すると共に、
前記入口から供給されたガスの流れが、前記入口側流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れ、及び、前記バイパス流路溝部、前記合流部、前記出口側流路溝部と流れる流れであることを特徴とする燃料電池のセパレータ。 A solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a fuel cell separator disposed on the surface of each of the pair of gas diffusion electrodes on the anti-solid polymer electrolyte membrane side There,
A gas channel groove that connects a pair of gas inlets and outlets for independently supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas to the pair of gas diffusion electrodes,
At least one of the gas flow channel groove for the fuel gas and the gas flow channel groove for the oxidant gas includes an inlet side flow channel portion located on the inlet side and an outlet side flow channel portion located on the outlet side. A merging portion disposed between the inlet-side channel groove and the outlet-side channel groove, and the merging portion from the inlet side of the inlet-side channel groove to the inlet side of the outlet-side channel groove And having a bypass channel groove part communicating through
The flow of the gas supplied from the inlet flows with the inlet-side channel groove, the merging portion, and the outlet-side channel groove, and the bypass channel groove, the merging portion, and the outlet-side channel groove. A fuel cell separator characterized by a flowing flow. 前記合流部の流路断面積は前記パイパス流路構部の流路断面積よりも大きく構成したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   2. The fuel cell separator according to claim 1, wherein a flow path cross-sectional area of the merging portion is larger than a flow path cross-sectional area of the bypass flow path structure. 出口側流路溝部の流路断面積を入口側流路溝部とバイパス流路溝部の和の流路断面積より小さくしたことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   3. The fuel cell separator according to claim 1, wherein a channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove is made smaller than a total channel cross-sectional area of the inlet-side channel groove and the bypass channel groove. 入口側流路溝部は少なくとも複数の流路で構成し、前記入口側流路溝部の少なくとも一部を合流後出口側流路溝部に連通したことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   The inlet side channel groove part is constituted by at least a plurality of channels, and at least a part of the inlet side channel groove part is communicated with the outlet side channel groove part after joining. A fuel cell separator according to Item. 少なくとも一部のバイパス流路溝部をガス拡散電極と隔離して構成したことを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   The separator for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a part of the bypass flow channel groove is separated from the gas diffusion electrode. 入口側流路溝部の流路断面積は出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きく構成したことを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   6. The fuel cell separator according to claim 1, wherein a flow passage cross-sectional area of the inlet-side flow groove portion is configured to be larger than a flow passage cross-sectional area of the outlet-side flow groove portion. 入口側流路溝部は溝幅を出口側流路溝部の溝幅より大きく構成して、前記入口側流路溝部の流路断面積は前記出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする請求項６記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   The inlet-side channel groove portion has a groove width larger than the groove width of the outlet-side channel groove portion, and the channel cross-sectional area of the inlet-side channel groove portion is larger than the channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove portion. The fuel cell separator according to claim 6. 入口側流路溝部は溝深さを出口側流路溝部の溝深さより大きく構成して、前記入口側流路溝部の流路断面積は前記出口側流路溝部の流路断面積よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする請求項６記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   The inlet-side channel groove portion has a groove depth larger than the groove depth of the outlet-side channel groove portion, and the channel cross-sectional area of the inlet-side channel groove portion is larger than the channel cross-sectional area of the outlet-side channel groove portion. The fuel cell separator according to claim 6. 入口側流路溝部または出口側流路溝部の少なくとも一方の流路断面積を順次小さく構成したことを特徴とする請求項６〜８のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池のセパレータ。   9. The fuel cell separator according to claim 6, wherein at least one of the inlet-side channel groove portion and the outlet-side channel groove portion has a channel cross-sectional area that is sequentially reduced.
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JP2023506427A (en) * 2020-05-18 2023-02-16 アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト bipolar plate

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JP2023506427A (en) * 2020-05-18 2023-02-16 アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト bipolar plate
JP7348402B2 (en) 2020-05-18 2023-09-20 アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト bipolar plate

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