JP2008271793A - Meat- processed product, method for producing the same, and enzyme composition for meat-processed product production - Google Patents

Meat- processed product, method for producing the same, and enzyme composition for meat-processed product production Download PDF

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JP2008271793A
JP2008271793A JP2007115959A JP2007115959A JP2008271793A JP 2008271793 A JP2008271793 A JP 2008271793A JP 2007115959 A JP2007115959 A JP 2007115959A JP 2007115959 A JP2007115959 A JP 2007115959A JP 2008271793 A JP2008271793 A JP 2008271793A
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Sanzo Mano
三藏 真能
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a meat processed product having proper texture, without having to use food additives, and to provide a method for producing the meat-processed product. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the meat-processed product which has proper texture, without having to use food additives, comprises adding protein-degradation enzyme and fat-degradation enzyme, at the same time, in a meat-processed product production process so as to efficiently emulsify fat and obtain proper texture. Furthermore, the method comprises using protease for the protein-degradation enzyme and lipase for the fat-degradation enzyme, performing treatment with different mixing ratios, and examining emulsification efficiency of fat by palate feeling and shape retention. As a result of this, it is clarified that the meat-processed product which is obtained by adding to fat, protease and lipase at the ratio of protease/lipase of (0.06-0.67):(3.3-13.3) (u/g), has the most preferable texture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、効率的に脂肪が乳化された好ましい食感の肉加工品とその製造方法、及びその好ましい食感をもたらす肉加工品製造用の酵素組成物に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a processed meat product having a preferable texture in which fat is efficiently emulsified, a method for producing the same, and an enzyme composition for producing a processed meat product that provides the preferable texture.

肉加工品の原材料に含まれる脂肪は、食塩によって生じる肉の塩溶性タンパクの働きで、混練(ミキシング)や細切(カッティング)の工程で乳化され、それによって、肉加工品にソフト感を持たせながら歯切れの良い好ましい食感と旨みを付与する。肉加工品にとっての好ましい食感とは、肉加工品におけるハリ具合や、ヒトが食した際の旨味や肉汁感(ジューシー感)や、または肉加工品に力を加えた時の保形性の程度で認識することが出来る。   The fat contained in the raw material of processed meat products is emulsified in the process of kneading (mixing) and shredding (cutting) by the action of the salt-soluble protein of the meat produced by the salt, thereby making the processed meat products soft. It gives a good texture and umami with good crispness. The preferred texture for processed meat products is the firmness of processed meat products, the taste and juiciness of human foods, or the shape retention when power is applied to processed meat products. Can be recognized by degree.

しかしながら、ソーセージなどの肉加工品の製造においては、脂肪配合率を上げるに従って、肉中に添加した食塩によって生じる塩溶性タンパクだけでは十分に乳化できない脂肪が生じ、これが肉加工品を脂肪特有の歯切れの悪い不快な食感にしたり、脂肪の一部がラード状に分離したりして、商品価値をさげてしまう場合もある。   However, in the production of processed meat products such as sausages, as the fat content is increased, fat that cannot be sufficiently emulsified with only the salt-soluble protein produced by the salt added to the meat is produced, which makes the processed meat product crisp peculiar to fat. In some cases, the product value may be reduced due to an unpleasant texture or a part of fat separated into lard.

従来から、これらの欠点を防止する目的で、リン酸塩やカゼインナトリウムなどの食品添加物を使用したり、大豆タンパクや乳タンパクといった乳化性異種タンパクを配合したりして、過剰な脂肪の乳化を促すことにより、脂肪のラード状の分離を防止し食感や食味の改良を行ってきた(特許文献1)。   Conventionally, in order to prevent these disadvantages, excess fat is emulsified by using food additives such as phosphate and sodium caseinate, or by incorporating emulsifying heterogeneous proteins such as soy protein and milk protein. In order to prevent the lard-like separation of fat, the texture and taste have been improved (Patent Document 1).

特開平8−238073号公報JP-A-8-238073

しかしながら、JAS特級に相当する高級ソーセージ等は、リン酸塩を除く乳化性異種タンパクやカゼインナトリウムなどの使用が禁じられており、脂肪配合量を多くすると、好ましい食感の肉加工品を製造することが困難になる。
さらに、食肉加工品への添加物の使用は、生体への影響を懸念する風潮から消費者の要求にはそぐわない。
よって本発明は、リン酸塩や乳化性異種タンパクの使用に関わらず、酵素によって脂肪を乳化させた、好ましい食感を有する肉加工品とその製造方法、及びその好ましい食感をもたらす肉加工品製造用の酵素組成物の提供を目的とする。
However, high-grade sausages corresponding to JAS special grades are prohibited from using emulsifying heterogeneous proteins other than phosphate, sodium caseinate and the like, and if the fat content is increased, a processed meat product having a favorable texture is produced. It becomes difficult.
Furthermore, the use of additives in processed meat products does not meet consumer demands due to the trend of concern for impacts on living organisms.
Therefore, the present invention provides a meat processed product having a preferred texture, a fat-emulsified enzyme, a method for producing the same, and a processed meat product that provides the preferable texture, regardless of the use of phosphates and emulsifying heterogeneous proteins. An object is to provide an enzyme composition for production.

本発明者らは、上記の問題を解決するため、タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを同時に添加し、タンパク質分解酵素存在下で脂肪分解処理を行うことによって、従来技術と比較して格段に脂肪分解作用を増強させ、脂肪を乳化させ得ることを見いだし、本発明を案出するに至った。
すなわち、本発明のうち請求項1に記載された発明は、タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを添加することにより脂肪を乳化したことを特徴とする肉加工品である。
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors added a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme at the same time, and performed a lipolytic treatment in the presence of the proteolytic enzyme. It has been found that the decomposition action can be enhanced and fat can be emulsified, and the present invention has been devised.
That is, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention is a processed meat product characterized by emulsifying fat by adding a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme.

請求項2に記載された発明は、肉系食品素材にタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを添加することにより肉系食品素材中の脂肪を乳化することを特徴とする肉加工品の製造方法である。   The invention described in claim 2 is a method for producing a processed meat product, characterized by emulsifying fat in a meat-based food material by adding a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme to the meat-based food material. is there.

請求項3に記載された発明は、タンパク質分解酵素の添加量が、脂肪1gに対して0.06〜0.67ユニットであり、脂肪分解酵素の添加量が、脂肪1gに対して3.3〜13.3ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の肉加工品の製造方法である。
本発明に用いられたタンパク質分解酵素の1ユニット(u)の酵素活性度(消化力)は、天野法(たん白消化力試験法 天野法 第18版)に記載された規定を基にしており、脂肪分解酵素の1ユニット(u)の酵素活性度(消化力)は、天野法(脂肪消化力試験法 天野法 第9版)に記載された規定を基にしている。他の規定方法による消化力を有する酵素を用いる場合、それぞれの消化力試験法による活性度を比較して、添加量を調整して用いることが可能である。
In the invention described in claim 3, the amount of proteolytic enzyme added is 0.06 to 0.67 units per g of fat, and the amount of lipolytic enzyme added is 3.3 per g of fat. It is -13.3 units, The manufacturing method of the meat processed goods of Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The enzyme activity (digestion) of 1 unit (u) of the proteolytic enzyme used in the present invention is based on the provisions described in the Amano method (Protein digestion test method Amano method 18th edition). The enzyme activity (digestion power) of 1 unit (u) of lipolytic enzyme is based on the rules described in the Amano method (Fat digestion test method Amano method 9th edition). In the case of using an enzyme having digestibility according to another regulation method, it is possible to compare the activity according to each digestibility test method and adjust the amount added.

請求項4に記載された発明は、肉系食品素材が動物性脂肪、植物性油脂、肉類、魚介類からなる群より選択されるものである請求項2〜3のいずれかに記載の肉加工品の製造方法である。   The invention described in claim 4 is the meat processing according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the meat-based food material is selected from the group consisting of animal fats, vegetable fats and oils, meats, and seafood. Product manufacturing method.

請求項5に記載された発明は、リン酸塩を添加することを特徴とする請求項2〜4のいずれかに記載の肉加工品の製造方法である。   Invention of Claim 5 is a manufacturing method of the meat processed goods in any one of Claims 2-4 characterized by adding a phosphate.

請求項6に記載された発明は、タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを含有しており、
それらのタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素との混合比率が、消化力活性に換算した場合に、1ユニットのタンパク質分解酵素に対して脂肪分解酵素が5ユニット以上200ユニット未満となるように調整されていることを特徴とする肉加工品製造用の酵素組成物である。
The invention described in claim 6 contains a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme,
When the mixing ratio of these proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes is converted to digestive activity, it is adjusted so that the lipolytic enzyme is 5 units or more and less than 200 units with respect to 1 unit of proteolytic enzyme. It is an enzyme composition for manufacturing processed meat products.

請求項1に記載の肉加工品は、材料に添加するタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素の量が脂肪1gに対する消化力を基に調整されているので、安定した脂肪の乳化による好ましい食感を有している。   The meat processed product according to claim 1 has a favorable texture due to stable emulsification of fat since the amount of proteolytic enzyme and lipolytic enzyme added to the material is adjusted based on digestibility against 1 g of fat. is doing.

請求項2に記載の肉加工品の製造方法は、肉系食品素材をタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素の両方で同時に処理することにより、脂肪の分解を妨げていたタンパク質を消化し、それによって脂肪の分解を促進することを特徴とする。   The method for producing a processed meat product according to claim 2 digests a protein that has prevented fat decomposition by simultaneously treating a meat-based food material with both a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme. It is characterized by promoting the decomposition of.

請求項3に記載の肉加工品の製造方法は、材料に添加するタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素の量が、食材に含まれる脂肪1gに対する消化力を基に調整することが出来るので、食材を変えても安定して脂肪を乳化し、好ましい食感の肉加工品を製造することを特徴とする。   Since the amount of proteolytic enzyme and lipolytic enzyme added to the material can be adjusted based on the digestive power for 1 g of fat contained in the foodstuff, Even if it changes, fat is emulsified stably and the meat processed product of preferable texture is manufactured.

請求項4に記載の肉加工品の製造方法は、請求項2〜3に記載の発明において、タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素を同時に添加することにより、肉加工品の素材として、脂肪とタンパク質が混合している様々な生物種から選択可能なことを特徴とする。   The method for producing a processed meat product according to claim 4 is the invention according to claims 2 to 3, wherein fat and protein are added as a raw material of the processed meat product by simultaneously adding a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme. It is characterized in that it can be selected from various mixed species.

請求項5に記載の肉加工品の製造方法は、請求項2〜4に記載の発明において、タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素による脂肪の乳化に加え、リン酸塩を添加することによって、さらに材料の肉の結着性を高め好ましい食感をもたらすことを特徴とする。   The method for producing a processed meat product according to claim 5 is the material according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising adding a phosphate in addition to fat emulsification with a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme. It is characterized by improving the binding property of the meat and providing a favorable texture.

請求項6に記載の酵素製品は、脂肪に対して適量の酵素を同時に添加することが出来、使用者にとって使いやすいことを特徴とする。   The enzyme product according to claim 6 is characterized in that an appropriate amount of enzyme can be simultaneously added to fat and is easy for the user to use.

[作用]
ソーセージなどの肉加工品に使用する生の動物性脂肪粒は表面がタンパク質で覆われている。このタンパク質はリパーゼが脂肪に直接接触することを阻害するため、リパーゼを単独で生脂肪に接触させても脂肪分解は十分に進まない。適当な濃度のプロテアーゼとリパーゼとが共存すると、プロテアーゼが脂肪表面のタンパク質を分解することにより、リパーゼによる脂肪への接触を容易にする。表面がプロテアーゼの作用を受けた脂肪は、次にリパーゼによって分解され、脂肪表面にモノグリセライド、ジグリセライド、脂肪酸といった脂肪乳化性を持った分解成分を生成する。
肉加工品の製造過程において、脂肪のプロテアーゼとリパーゼの酵素処理を兼ねた塩漬終了後に、塩漬肉を混練(ミキシング)あるいは細切(カッティング)することによって、前記脂肪乳化性の分解成分から、安定した脂肪の乳化産物(エマルジョン)が形成される。このエマルジョンが、加熱工程での脂肪の分離を防ぎ、歯切れの良い食感をもたらす。
また、酵素反応による前記新たな乳化成分の出現は、短時間での必要十分な脂肪乳化を可能とするので、脂肪乳化の為の処理時間を短縮することが可能となり、肉粒に与えるダメージを大きく低減し、製品の肉食感を著しく改善することができる。
さらに、エマルジョンは軽い食感と適度な結着性を持つので、リン酸塩を使用しなくても、好ましい食感を持ったソーセージを製造することができる。
また、肉加工品の製造に使用するプロテアーゼとリパーゼは、肉加工品の加熱処理工程で失活するタイプの酵素を使用することによって、製品への表示の義務を生じないという利点もある。
[Action]
Raw animal fat grains used for processed meat products such as sausages are covered with protein. Since this protein inhibits lipase from coming into direct contact with fat, lipolysis does not proceed sufficiently even when lipase is brought into contact with raw fat alone. When an appropriate concentration of protease and lipase coexist, the protease degrades the protein on the fat surface, thereby facilitating contact of the lipase with fat. The fat whose surface has been subjected to the action of protease is then decomposed by lipase, and a decomposition component having fat emulsifying properties such as monoglyceride, diglyceride and fatty acid is generated on the fat surface.
In the manufacturing process of processed meat products, after the salting that has been combined with the enzyme treatment of fat protease and lipase, the cured meat is kneaded (mixed) or shredded (cut) to remove the fat emulsifiable degradation component. A stable fat emulsified product (emulsion) is formed. This emulsion prevents fat separation in the heating process and provides a crisp texture.
In addition, the appearance of the new emulsified component by the enzymatic reaction enables necessary and sufficient fat emulsification in a short time, so that the processing time for fat emulsification can be shortened and damage to the meat grains is reduced. This can greatly reduce the meat texture of the product.
Furthermore, since the emulsion has a light texture and moderate binding properties, a sausage having a favorable texture can be produced without using a phosphate.
In addition, proteases and lipases used in the production of processed meat products also have the advantage of not obligating labeling on products by using enzymes that are deactivated in the heat treatment process of processed meat products.

本発明の肉加工品としてはソーセージやハンバーグを挙げることができる。その製造には、生肉が使用されるが、特に制限されるものではなく、冷凍肉などを用いることもできる。また、その肉の種類としては、通常ミンチ肉が用いられるが、特に制限されることはなく、肉と脂肪を適宜混合した後にミンチ等に機械的に裁断したものでも、それぞれ単独でミンチにしたものを適宜配合したものでもかまわず、原料肉の脂肪分は30質量%以上50質量%未満であることが好ましい。
本発明の肉加工品がソーセージである場合、肉の細分化の状態としては、通常粒子の長径は10mm未満であるが、特に5以上8mm未満の範囲が好ましい。
本発明の肉加工品に用いる肉の素材としては、牛、豚、羊などの畜肉や、鳥肉、魚肉などがあるが、いずれの肉であっても構わない。
また、肉加工品に調味料等が添加されていても差し支えない。
Examples of the processed meat product of the present invention include sausages and hamburgers. Raw meat is used for the production, but it is not particularly limited, and frozen meat or the like can also be used. In addition, minced meat is usually used as the type of meat, but there is no particular limitation. Even if meat and fat are mixed appropriately and then mechanically cut into minced meat, each is minced independently. What mix | blends what is appropriate may be sufficient, and it is preferable that the fat content of raw material meat is 30 to 50 mass%.
When the processed meat product of the present invention is a sausage, the major axis of the particles is usually less than 10 mm as a state of fragmentation of the meat, but a range of 5 to less than 8 mm is particularly preferable.
Examples of the meat material used in the processed meat product of the present invention include livestock meat such as beef, pork and sheep, poultry meat and fish meat, but any meat may be used.
In addition, seasoning and the like may be added to the processed meat product.

本発明に用いられるタンパク質分解酵素とはプロテアーゼのことである。本発明のタンパク質分解酵素は、真正菌類(カビ)から精製したものを用いたが、例えば他の微生物から精製されたもの、植物から抽出したもの、動物の臓器等から採取されたものでもかまわない。また、精製品でなく粗製品であっても、酵素活性度(消化力)が測定可能なものならば、使用することができる。
さらに、多くの天然のタンパク質分解酵素のように、通常の肉加工品の加熱処理温度内での熱失活性を有しているものが好ましい。
The proteolytic enzyme used in the present invention is a protease. As the proteolytic enzyme of the present invention, one purified from eubacteria (mold) was used, but for example, one purified from another microorganism, one extracted from a plant, one collected from an animal organ or the like may be used. . Moreover, even if it is not a refined product but a crude product, it can be used if it can measure enzyme activity (digestion power).
Furthermore, what has the heat deactivation within the heat processing temperature of normal meat processed goods like many natural proteolytic enzymes is preferable.

本発明に用いられる脂肪分解酵素とはリパーゼのことである。本発明の脂肪分解酵素は、真正菌類(カビ)から精製されたものを用いたが、例えば他の各種微生物から精製されたもの、動物の膵臓から採取したもの、動物の口頭分泌腺から採取したものでもかまわない。また、精製品でなく粗製品であっても、酵素活性度(消化力)が測定可能なものならば、使用することができる。
さらに、多くの天然の脂肪分解酵素のように、通常の肉加工品の加熱処理温度内での熱失活性を有しているものが好ましい。
The lipolytic enzyme used in the present invention is lipase. The lipolytic enzyme of the present invention was purified from eubacteria (mold), but for example, purified from other various microorganisms, collected from animal pancreas, collected from animal oral secretion gland It doesn't matter. Moreover, even if it is not a refined product but a crude product, it can be used if it can measure enzyme activity (digestion power).
Furthermore, what has the heat deactivation within the heat processing temperature of normal meat processed goods like many natural lipolytic enzymes is preferable.

本発明の肉加工品は、以下の工程により製造されるが、まず食肉にその他の食材と酵素とを一緒に添加し、塩漬処理することが好ましい。
塩漬の処理条件としては、食塩はそれぞれの肉加工品において通常使用される量を用い、食肉と他の食材と酵素とを混合した後、軽く撹拌(ミキシング)し、3℃以上10℃以下の範囲で20時間(一晩)以上静置するのが好ましい。
The processed meat product of the present invention is produced by the following steps. First, it is preferable to add other ingredients and enzymes together to the meat, followed by salting.
As salting treatment conditions, salt is used in the amount normally used in each processed meat product, and after mixing meat, other ingredients and enzymes, lightly agitate (mixing), 3 ° C to 10 ° C It is preferable to stand for 20 hours (overnight) in the range of.

本発明の肉加工品は、酵素処理はタンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)と脂肪分解酵素(リパーゼ)の同時存在下で行う。使用する脂肪の量に応じて2種類の酵素の消化力を調整して併用することと、低温の反応条件が、タンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)による肉の過剰な分解を律しながら、脂肪分解酵素(リパーゼ)の脂肪への接近を容易にすることが可能となる。
タンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)の使用量は、ユニットに換算すると、肉系食品素材に含まれる脂肪1gに対して0.06〜0.67uの割合が適しており、その中でも0.1〜0.57uの割合が好ましく、特に0.17〜0.47uの割合が最も好ましい。
脂肪分解酵素(リパーゼ)の使用量は、ユニットに換算すると、肉系食品素材に含まれる脂肪1gに対して約3.3〜13.3uの割合が好ましい。
もしくは、予め混合したタンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)と脂肪分解酵素(リパーゼ)の酵素組成物を用いる場合は、タンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)が脂肪1gに対して0.06〜0.67ユニットの範囲で、脂肪分解酵素が脂肪1gに対して3.3〜13.3ユニットの範囲で添加されるように、適量を加えるのが好ましい。
In the processed meat product of the present invention, the enzyme treatment is performed in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme (protease) and a lipolytic enzyme (lipase). Depending on the amount of fat used, the digestive power of the two enzymes is adjusted and used together, and the low-temperature reaction conditions regulate the excessive degradation of meat by proteases (proteases), while lipolytic enzymes (Lipase) can be easily approached to fat.
The amount of proteolytic enzyme (protease) used in terms of units is suitably in the range of 0.06 to 0.67 u with respect to 1 g of fat contained in the meat-based food material. A ratio of 57u is preferable, and a ratio of 0.17 to 0.47u is particularly preferable.
The amount of lipolytic enzyme (lipase) used is preferably about 3.3 to 13.3 u per 1 g of fat contained in the meat-based food material when converted into units.
Alternatively, when using an enzyme composition of proteolytic enzyme (protease) and lipolytic enzyme (lipase) mixed in advance, the proteolytic enzyme (protease) is in the range of 0.06 to 0.67 unit per 1 g of fat. It is preferable to add an appropriate amount so that the lipolytic enzyme is added in the range of 3.3 to 13.3 units per 1 g of fat.

本発明の肉加工品の酵素処理の条件としては、上記した様に、食肉と他の素材にプロテアーゼとリパーゼを添加した後、軽く撹拌した混合物を、そのまま低温に静置して反応させ製造するのが好ましい。反応の温度は3℃以上10℃以下が適当で、反応時間は20時間以上72時間以下が適当であるが、特に24時間以上48時間未満が好ましい。
但し、リパーゼに対するプロテアーゼの消化力の比率を調整すれば、10日以上の塩漬期間を維持することも可能である。
As described above, the enzyme-treated conditions of the processed meat product of the present invention are produced by adding a protease and lipase to meat and other materials, and then reacting the mixture by allowing it to stand at a low temperature as it is. Is preferred. The reaction temperature is suitably from 3 ° C. to 10 ° C., and the reaction time is suitably from 20 hours to 72 hours, particularly preferably from 24 hours to less than 48 hours.
However, if the ratio of protease digestion to lipase is adjusted, it is possible to maintain a salting period of 10 days or longer.

本発明の食肉加工品があらびきソーセージやハンバーグの場合においては、酵素処理後の脂肪乳化の為の混練(ミキシング)はミキサーで、エマルジョンソーセージの場合においては細切(カッティング)はカッターを用いて、通常の条件で行えばよい。   In the case of sausage or hamburger with processed meat products of the present invention, kneading (mixing) for fat emulsification after enzyme treatment is performed by a mixer, and in the case of emulsion sausage, cutting is performed by using a cutter. What is necessary is just to perform on normal conditions.

本発明の食肉加工品がソーセージの場合においては、上記酵素処理を終えた混合物をケーシングへの充填後に燻煙し又は燻煙せずに、肉加工品の熱処理と酵素の失活処理を兼ねて、肉加工品の中心温度が75℃以上になるまで蒸煮又は湯煮し、加熱終了後すぐにソーセージを冷水シャワーを用いて急冷した後、冷蔵庫に移して保管するのがよい。   In the case where the processed meat product of the present invention is sausage, the mixture after finishing the enzyme treatment is smoked or not smoked after filling the casing, and the heat treatment of the meat processed product and the enzyme deactivation treatment are combined. It is preferable to boil or boil until the center temperature of the processed meat product reaches 75 ° C. or higher, immediately cool the sausage using a cold water shower immediately after the heating, and then transfer it to the refrigerator for storage.

それぞれの反応条件(例えばリパーゼとプロテアーゼの濃度、リパーゼとプロテアーゼの混合比、反応温度、反応時間)などは、肉の由来や酵素の特性又は消化力、さらに求められる乳化のレベルによって変更されうる。   Each reaction condition (for example, the concentration of lipase and protease, the mixing ratio of lipase and protease, reaction temperature, reaction time) and the like can be changed depending on the origin of the meat, the characteristics or digestibility of the enzyme, and the level of emulsification required.

次にあらびきソーセージを製造した場合の実施例を示して、本発明をさらに詳細に説明をするが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない
〈実施例1〜5〉
実施例1は、あらびきソーセージを以下の工程で製造した。
表1に記載の原材料99.93gに対し、プロテアーゼ2.5u(脂肪1gに換算した場合:0.08u、以下同様)とリパーゼ200u(6.7u)とを添加して、全体を軽くミキシングしてから、4℃で40時間塩漬しながら同時に酵素を反応させた。40時間後、塩漬された混合物を再度ミキシングして脂肪を乳化させてから、羊腸に充填した。燻煙の下処理として羊腸表面を70℃の温風で約20分乾燥してから30分燻煙処理し、製品の熱処理と酵素の失活処理を兼ねて、75℃で25分間蒸気加熱処理を行った。加熱処理終了後すぐに、冷水シャワーで10分間冷却してから冷蔵庫で一晩冷蔵し、その後下記の評価を行った。
実施例2〜6は、プロテアーゼの添加量を5〜15u(0.17〜0.5u)の範囲内で変更すると共に、リパーゼの添加量を200u(6.7u)で固定し、それ以外は実施例1と同様にソーセージを製造した。
実施例7〜9は、プロテアーゼの添加量を5〜10u(0.17〜0.33u)の範囲内で変更すると共に、リパーゼの添加量を150u(5u)に固定し、それ以外は実施例1と同様にソーセージを製造した。
実施例10〜14は、プロテアーゼの添加量を7.5u(0.25u)に固定すると共に、リパーゼの添加量を100〜500u(3.3〜16.7u)の範囲内で変更し、それ以外は実施例1と同様にソーセージを製造した。
実施例15は、原材料からリン酸塩を抜き、プロテアーゼ7.5u(0.25u)とリパーゼ200u(6.7u)を添加し、ソーセージを製造した。
Next, although the Example at the time of manufacturing a sausage is shown and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to the following Examples <Examples 1-5>
In Example 1, a rough sausage was produced by the following steps.
To 99.93 g of the raw materials listed in Table 1, protease 2.5u (when converted to 1 g of fat: 0.08 u, the same applies hereinafter) and lipase 200u (6.7 u) are added, and the whole is lightly mixed. Then, the enzyme was reacted at the same time with salting at 4 ° C. for 40 hours. After 40 hours, the salted mixture was mixed again to emulsify the fat and then filled into the sheep intestine. As a pretreatment for soot, the surface of the sheep intestine is dried with warm air at 70 ° C for about 20 minutes and then smoked for 30 minutes. Combined with heat treatment of the product and enzyme deactivation, steam heat treatment at 75 ° C for 25 minutes Went. Immediately after completion of the heat treatment, it was cooled in a cold water shower for 10 minutes and then refrigerated overnight in a refrigerator, and then the following evaluation was performed.
In Examples 2 to 6, the addition amount of protease was changed within the range of 5 to 15 u (0.17 to 0.5 u), and the addition amount of lipase was fixed at 200 u (6.7 u). Sausages were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
In Examples 7 to 9, the addition amount of protease was changed within the range of 5 to 10 u (0.17 to 0.33 u), and the addition amount of lipase was fixed to 150 u (5 u). Sausage was produced as in 1.
In Examples 10 to 14, the addition amount of protease was fixed at 7.5 u (0.25 u), and the addition amount of lipase was changed within the range of 100 to 500 u (3.3 to 16.7 u). A sausage was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
In Example 15, phosphate was removed from the raw material, protease 7.5u (0.25u) and lipase 200u (6.7u) were added, and sausage was produced.

Figure 2008271793
Figure 2008271793

〈比較例1と2〉
比較例1,2のソーセージは、酵素やリン酸塩の添加に関して以下の変更を行い、その他の成分と工程は実施例1と同様にして製造した。
比較例1は、実施例1と同様にソーセージを製造したが、リパーゼとプロテアーゼは添加しなかった。
比較例2は、実施例1と同様にソーセージを製造したが、プロテアーゼを添加せず、リパーゼのみを200u(6.7u)添加した。
<Comparative Examples 1 and 2>
The sausages of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following changes were made with respect to the addition of enzymes and phosphates.
In Comparative Example 1, sausage was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, but lipase and protease were not added.
In Comparative Example 2, sausages were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, but 200 u (6.7 u) of lipase alone was added without adding protease.

得られたソーセージについては、ソーセージの中央を押した感触によるハリ具合の評価と試食による官能評価とをすると共に、ソーセージを長軸方向に縦半分にナイフで切断し、手でその両端を保持しながら、断面が凸になるように湾曲させた場合の保形性の評価も行った。
実施例1〜14と比較例1〜4のそれぞれの評価結果と総合評価を表2と表3に示す。
(張り具合の評価)
弱:張りがなく、凹みの戻りが弱い
中:弾力がやや弱く、柔らかい
強:弾力が強く、凹む感じがない

(試食による官能評価)
1:パリッと弾けるように歯切れが良い
2:市販品と同レベルであるが、1ほど歯切れが良くない
3:乳化不良で脂の感じが残る
4:結着不良で脂っぽい

(保形性の評価基準)
○:ひび割れを生じることなく、2回以上折り曲げることが出来る
△:ひび割れが生じたが、折り曲げることが出来る
×:すぐ折れた
About the obtained sausage, while performing the evaluation of the firmness by touching the center of the sausage and the sensory evaluation by tasting, the sausage is cut with a knife in the longitudinal half in the longitudinal direction, and both ends are held by hand. However, the shape retention was also evaluated when the cross section was curved so as to be convex.
Table 2 and Table 3 show the evaluation results and comprehensive evaluation of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, respectively.
(Evaluation of tension)
Low: There is no tension and the return of the dent is weak Medium: The elasticity is slightly weak, Soft Strong: The elasticity is strong, There is no dent feeling

(Sensory evaluation by tasting)
1: Good crisp so that it can be crisp 2: Same level as a commercial product, but not as good as crisp 1: 3: Emulsification is poor and feels greasy 4: Bad binding and greasy

(Evaluation criteria for shape retention)
○: Can be folded two or more times without causing cracks Δ: Cracked but can be folded ×: Folded immediately

Figure 2008271793
Figure 2008271793

Figure 2008271793
Figure 2008271793

(効果)
実施例の表2からは、リパーゼとプロテアーゼの2種類の酵素を共に添加した肉加工品は、比較例の表3に示した酵素無し又はリパーゼ1種類の酵素で製造したソーセージに比べて、脂肪の乳化が効率良く行われ、ソーセージのハリ、食感、保形性ともに総合的に良いことが分かる。
また、表2の実施例1〜14の評価から、脂肪30gに対しては、プロテアーゼが7.5u〜10u(脂肪1gに換算した場合:0.25〜0.33u)、リパーゼが150〜400u(脂肪1gに換算した場合:5〜13.3u)の範囲の添加量が、特に脂肪を効率よく乳化し、結果として好ましい食感をソーセージにもたらしていることがわかる。
それに対し、表3の比較例1,2では、酵素なし又はリパーゼのみで製造したソーセージでは、脂肪の乳化が十分行われず、張りもなく、食感も悪く、さらに保形性も有していないソーセージしか製造されなかった。
つまり、表1のごとく脂肪配合の多い肉加工品の製造において、脂肪がよく乳化され食感を好ましいものにする為には、リパーゼとプロテアーゼの2種類の酵素で同時に処理することが必要かつ極めて有効であり、またその配合比も重要であることが分かった。
実施例において、プロテアーゼ7.5u(0.25u)、リパーゼ200u(6.7u)の添加に対し、リン酸塩を入れたとき(実施例3,11)とリン酸塩を抜いた時(実施例15)の比較も行ったが、実施例15は実施例3,11に対して、保形性においてやや劣るものの、張り、食感は共に良好で、リン酸塩を使用しなくとも、好ましい食感のソーセージを製造出来ることが分かった。
(effect)
From Table 2 of the Examples, processed meat products to which two kinds of enzymes, lipase and protease, were added together, compared to sausage produced with no enzyme or one kind of lipase enzyme shown in Table 3 of Comparative Example. It can be seen that emulsification of the sausage is performed efficiently, and the sausage's firmness, texture and shape retention are comprehensively good.
Moreover, from the evaluation of Examples 1 to 14 in Table 2, for 30 g of fat, protease is 7.5 u to 10 u (when converted to 1 g of fat: 0.25 to 0.33 u), and lipase is 150 to 400 u. It can be seen that the addition amount in the range of (when converted to 1 g of fat: 5 to 13.3 u) emulsifies fat particularly efficiently, and as a result, brings a favorable texture to the sausage.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 3, in the sausage produced without the enzyme or only with the lipase, the fat is not sufficiently emulsified, is not tight, has a poor texture, and does not have a shape retaining property. Only sausage was produced.
In other words, as shown in Table 1, in the production of processed meat products containing a large amount of fat, it is necessary and extremely necessary to simultaneously treat with two kinds of enzymes, lipase and protease, in order to make fat well emulsified and to have a favorable texture. It was effective and the mixing ratio was found to be important.
In the examples, when adding phosphate 7.5u (0.25u) and lipase 200u (6.7u), when phosphate was added (Examples 3 and 11) and when phosphate was removed (implementation) Example 15) was also compared. Example 15 was slightly inferior to Examples 3 and 11 in shape retention, but both tension and texture were good and preferred without using phosphate. It turns out that sausages with a texture can be produced.

Claims (6)

タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを添加することにより脂肪を乳化したことを特徴とする肉加工品。   A processed meat product characterized by emulsifying fat by adding a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme. 肉系食品素材にタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを添加することにより肉系食品素材中の脂肪を乳化することを特徴とする肉加工品の製造方法。   A method for producing a processed meat product, comprising emulsifying fat in a meat-based food material by adding a proteolytic enzyme and a lipolytic enzyme to the meat-based food material. タンパク質分解酵素の添加量が、脂肪1gに対して0.06〜0.67ユニットであり、脂肪分解酵素の添加量が、脂肪1gに対して3.3〜13.3ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の肉加工品の製造方法。   The amount of proteolytic enzyme added is 0.06-0.67 units per gram of fat, and the amount of lipolytic enzyme added is 3.3-13.3 units per gram of fat. The method for producing a processed meat product according to claim 2. 肉系食品素材が動物性脂肪、植物性油脂、肉類、魚介類からなる群より選択されるものである請求項2〜3のいずれかに記載の肉加工品の製造方法。   The method for producing a processed meat product according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the meat-based food material is selected from the group consisting of animal fats, vegetable oils and fats, meats, and seafood. リン酸塩を添加することを特徴とする請求項2〜4のいずれかに記載の肉加工品の製造方法。   The method for producing a processed meat product according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a phosphate is added. タンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素とを含有しており、
それらのタンパク質分解酵素と脂肪分解酵素との混合比率が、消化力活性に換算した場合に、1ユニットのタンパク質分解酵素に対して脂肪分解酵素が5ユニット以上200ユニット未満となるように調整されていることを特徴とする肉加工品製造用の酵素組成物。
Contains proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes,
When the mixing ratio of these proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes is converted to digestive activity, it is adjusted so that the lipolytic enzyme is 5 units or more and less than 200 units with respect to 1 unit of proteolytic enzyme. An enzyme composition for producing processed meat products.
JP2007115959A 2007-04-25 2007-04-25 Meat- processed product, method for producing the same, and enzyme composition for meat-processed product production Pending JP2008271793A (en)

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JP2011078356A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Kirin Kyowa Foods Co Ltd Method for producing processed meat product
JPWO2013172447A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2016-01-12 ナガセケムテックス株式会社 Enzyme preparation for food material modification
JP2018102297A (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-07-05 味の素株式会社 Meat processed food and manufacturing method therefor
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011078356A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Kirin Kyowa Foods Co Ltd Method for producing processed meat product
JPWO2013172447A1 (en) * 2012-05-17 2016-01-12 ナガセケムテックス株式会社 Enzyme preparation for food material modification
JP2018102297A (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-07-05 味の素株式会社 Meat processed food and manufacturing method therefor
JP7130954B2 (en) 2016-12-27 2022-09-06 味の素株式会社 Processed meat food and method for producing the same
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