JP2008241197A - Electric heating device - Google Patents

Electric heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2008241197A
JP2008241197A JP2007085044A JP2007085044A JP2008241197A JP 2008241197 A JP2008241197 A JP 2008241197A JP 2007085044 A JP2007085044 A JP 2007085044A JP 2007085044 A JP2007085044 A JP 2007085044A JP 2008241197 A JP2008241197 A JP 2008241197A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
molten metal
holding container
held
electric heating
heating device
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JP2007085044A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Mitsuru Fujita
満 藤田
Arimichi Morita
有道 守田
Sumio Watanabe
澂雄 渡邉
Hideki Inagaki
秀樹 稲垣
Kazushi Tanaka
和士 田中
Tamio Okada
民雄 岡田
Tadao Sasaki
忠男 佐々木
Masaoki Nakabayashi
正興 中林
Shinji Origuchi
真二 折口
Ryoichi Kishida
了一 岸田
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Nippon Crucible Co Ltd
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Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Nippon Crucible Co Ltd
Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd
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Application filed by Chubu Electric Power Co Inc, Nippon Crucible Co Ltd, Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd filed Critical Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Priority to JP2007085044A priority Critical patent/JP2008241197A/en
Publication of JP2008241197A publication Critical patent/JP2008241197A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric heating device capable of maintaining the whole of held molten metal to a uniform temperature by eliminating temperature unevenness due to the locations of molten metal held in an electrically heated holding container. <P>SOLUTION: The electric heating device holds the molten metal in the conductive holding container and carries a current directly to the holding container to heat the molten metal held therein. An agitation coil composed of a plurality of cylindrical coils is disposed surrounding the outer periphery of the holding container, and AC power is applied to the agitation coil to generate the AC magnetic field vertically moving in the holding container to thereby agitate the molten metal in the holding container electromagnetically. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、溶融金属を保持する導電性の保持容器に直接通電して、内部の溶融金属を加熱するようにした通電加熱装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an energization heating apparatus in which a conductive holding container that holds molten metal is directly energized to heat the molten metal inside.

鋳造する金属材料を溶融し、保持する装置としては、保持容器により保持された溶融金属をバーナーで加熱するようにした燃焼加熱装置が一般によく用いられている。   As a device for melting and holding a metal material to be cast, a combustion heating device in which a molten metal held by a holding container is heated by a burner is generally used.

しかし、この燃焼加熱装置は、燃料の燃焼時に排気ガスが発生するだけでなく、騒音が発生するため、作業環境の悪化を招く。また、保持された溶融金属を直接、バーナーにより加熱すると、燃焼ガスなどにより溶融金属が酸化されたり、汚損されたりする不都合がある。さらに、溶融金属が局部的に加熱されるため、保持用器内の溶融金属に温度むらが生じ、溶融金属の温度が不均一となる欠点もある。   However, this combustion heating apparatus not only generates exhaust gas when fuel is burned, but also generates noise, leading to deterioration of the working environment. Further, when the held molten metal is directly heated by a burner, there is a disadvantage that the molten metal is oxidized or fouled by combustion gas or the like. Furthermore, since the molten metal is locally heated, the temperature of the molten metal in the holding device is uneven and the temperature of the molten metal is not uniform.

燃焼方式の加熱装置以外に電気ヒータによる加熱装置もある。この電気ヒータ方式によれば、排気ガスが発生しないので、作業環境は改善されるが、所詮、局部加熱方式であるので、溶融金属の温度を均一にするには難点がある。   In addition to the combustion type heating device, there is also a heating device using an electric heater. According to this electric heater method, exhaust gas is not generated, so that the working environment is improved. However, since it is a local heating method, there is a difficulty in making the temperature of the molten metal uniform.

このような問題点を解決するための加熱装置として、特許文献１に示されるように、保持容器に、黒鉛などの導電性材料で形成された導電性容器を用い、この容器の上部と下部に取付けた電極に外部の交流または直流電源から通電することにより、容器をそのジュール熱で発熱させて保持した溶融金属を加熱するようにした通電加熱装置が知られている。
特開２００６−０２４４５３号公報 As a heating device for solving such a problem, as shown in Patent Document 1, a holding container is made of a conductive container made of a conductive material such as graphite, and the upper and lower parts of the container are used. 2. Description of the Related Art There is known an energization heating apparatus that heats a molten metal that is held by heating a vessel with Joule heat by energizing an attached electrode from an external AC or DC power source.
JP 2006-024453 A

このような通電加熱装置は、保持容器で保持した溶融金属の全体を加熱するため、従来の局部加熱方式の加熱装置に比べると、溶融金属の温度の均一性はかなり改善されるが、容器から溶融金属への熱伝達はほとんどが対流によって行われるため、容器内の溶融金属の外周部と中心部および上部と下部とで温度差が生じ、溶融金属の保持容器内での場所（位置）による温度むらは解消することができない問題がある。   Since such an electric heating apparatus heats the entire molten metal held in the holding container, the temperature uniformity of the molten metal is considerably improved as compared with the conventional local heating type heating apparatus. Since most of the heat transfer to the molten metal is performed by convection, there is a temperature difference between the outer periphery and the center of the molten metal and the upper and lower portions of the molten metal, depending on the location (position) of the molten metal in the holding container. There is a problem that temperature unevenness cannot be solved.

この発明は、このような問題を解決するために、通電加熱される保持容器により保持された溶融金属の場所による温度むらをなくして、保持された溶融金属全体を均一な温度にすることのできる通電加熱装置を提供することを課題とするものである。   In order to solve such a problem, the present invention eliminates temperature unevenness due to the location of the molten metal held by the energized and heated holding container, and makes it possible to make the entire held molten metal a uniform temperature. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric heating device.

この発明は、前記の課題を解決するために、導電性を有する保持容器により溶融金属を保持し、この保持容器に直接通電して内部に保持した溶融金属を加熱するようにした通電加熱装置において、前記保持容器の外周にこれを取り囲んで筒状の複数のコイルで構成された撹拌コイルを配設し、この撹拌コイルに交流電力を供給し、前記保持容器内に交流磁界を発生さて前記保持容器内の溶融金属を電磁的に撹拌するようにしたことを特徴とするものである。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an electric heating apparatus in which a molten metal is held by a conductive holding container, and the molten metal held inside is heated by directly energizing the holding container. An agitating coil composed of a plurality of cylindrical coils is disposed around the outer periphery of the holding container, AC power is supplied to the agitating coil, an AC magnetic field is generated in the holding container, and the holding is performed. The molten metal in the container is electromagnetically stirred.

この発明においては、前記撹拌コイルが前記溶融金属を上方または下方に駆動するように上方または下方に移動する交流磁界を形成するようにするのがよい。そして、撹拌コイルには数ヘルツ〜数十ヘルツ以下の低周波の交流電力を加えるのが好ましい。   In the present invention, it is preferable to form an alternating magnetic field that moves upward or downward so that the stirring coil drives the molten metal upward or downward. And it is preferable to apply low frequency alternating current power of several hertz to several tens hertz to the stirring coil.

この発明のように、保持容器の外周に設けた撹拌コイルにより、溶融金属を保持した保持容器内に上下方向(縦方向)に移動する交流磁界を発生させて、容器内の溶融金属を縦方向に駆動して撹拌するようにすれば、溶融金属が保持容器の全周において外周側から中心側あるいは中心側から外周側へ強制的に循環され、全体が均等に撹拌、混合されるようになるため、温度むらが解消され溶融金属全体の温度を均一にすることができる。   As in this invention, the stirring coil provided on the outer periphery of the holding container generates an alternating magnetic field that moves in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) in the holding container holding the molten metal, thereby causing the molten metal in the container to move in the vertical direction. If it is driven and stirred, the molten metal is forcibly circulated from the outer periphery side to the center side or from the center side to the outer periphery side in the entire circumference of the holding container, and the whole is uniformly stirred and mixed. Therefore, temperature unevenness is eliminated and the temperature of the entire molten metal can be made uniform.

この発明の実施の形態を、図に示す実施例について説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples shown in the drawings.

図１は、この発明の実施例を示す概略構成図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

この図において、１は、黒鉛などの導電性耐熱材で構成された坩堝形の保持容器であり、内部に鋳造等に使用されるアルミニウムなどの溶融された金属材料（溶融金属）１０を収容し、保持する。２は、保持容器１の上面に結合された上部電極、３は、保持容器１の底面に結合された下部電極である。   In this figure, 1 is a crucible-shaped holding container made of a conductive heat-resistant material such as graphite, and contains a molten metal material (molten metal) 10 such as aluminum used for casting or the like inside. ,Hold. 2 is an upper electrode coupled to the upper surface of the holding container 1, and 3 is a lower electrode coupled to the bottom surface of the holding container 1.

上部電極２は、図２（ａ）に示すように、中心部に保持容器１の上部開口とほぼ同じ大きさの円形の開口を備えたリング状の導電板により形成され、外周に１つ以上の外部引出端子２ａを備えている。下部電極３は、図２（ｂ）に示すように、保持容器１の底面とほぼ同じ大きさの円形の導電板により形成され、外周に１つ以上の引出端子３ａを備えている。端子２ａと３ａは単相交流電源５に接続され、この交流電源５から電極２および３を介して導電性の保持容器１に通電される。なお、この単相交流電源５は、直流電源であってもよい。   As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the upper electrode 2 is formed by a ring-shaped conductive plate having a circular opening substantially the same size as the upper opening of the holding container 1 at the center, and one or more on the outer periphery. The external lead terminal 2a is provided. As shown in FIG. 2B, the lower electrode 3 is formed of a circular conductive plate having the same size as the bottom surface of the holding container 1, and includes one or more lead terminals 3a on the outer periphery. Terminals 2 a and 3 a are connected to a single-phase AC power supply 5, and the conductive holding container 1 is energized from the AC power supply 5 via the electrodes 2 and 3. The single-phase AC power supply 5 may be a DC power supply.

４は、保持容器１の外周にこれを取り囲んで軸方向(縦方向)に配設された３個の円筒状コイル４ａ、４ｂ、４ｃにより構成された撹拌コイルである。この撹拌コイル４の３個のコイル４ａ〜４ｃは、互いにスターまたはデルタに接続して３相接続コイルを形成し、３相の入力端子Ｕ，Ｖ，Ｗが引出され、これらの端子を介して３相の交流電源６に接続される。   Reference numeral 4 denotes an agitation coil composed of three cylindrical coils 4a, 4b, and 4c that are disposed in the axial direction (vertical direction) so as to surround the outer periphery of the holding container 1. The three coils 4a to 4c of the stirring coil 4 are connected to each other in a star or delta to form a three-phase connection coil, and three-phase input terminals U, V, and W are drawn out through these terminals. Connected to a three-phase AC power source 6.

このように構成されたこの発明の通電加熱装置においては、鋳造等に使用されるアルミニウム等の金属材料の溶融金属１０を保持した導電性の保持容器１に、引出端子２ａおよび３ａを介して単相交流電源５に接続された上部電極２および下部電極３から電流が供給される。この電流によるジュール熱により保持容器１自身が発熱し、この熱により、内部に保持された溶融金属１０が加熱される。図示しない制御装置により電源５から保持容器１へ供給される電流を調整することにより、溶融金属１０の温度を所望の温度に制御することができるが、これだけでは、保持容器１により保持した溶融金属１０の温度を均一に保つことは困難である。   In the electric heating apparatus of the present invention configured as described above, a conductive holding container 1 holding a molten metal 10 made of a metal material such as aluminum used for casting or the like is simply connected via lead terminals 2a and 3a. Current is supplied from the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 connected to the phase AC power source 5. The holding container 1 itself generates heat due to the Joule heat generated by this current, and the molten metal 10 held inside is heated by this heat. The temperature of the molten metal 10 can be controlled to a desired temperature by adjusting the current supplied from the power source 5 to the holding container 1 by a control device (not shown), but only by this, the molten metal held by the holding container 1 can be controlled. It is difficult to keep the temperature of 10 uniform.

これを改善するために３相構成の撹拌コイル４が設けられている。この撹拌コイル４に、３相入力端子Ｕ，Ｖ，Ｗを介して、３相交流電源６の３相電源端子Ｒ，Ｓ，Ｔから３相交流電力を供給すると、撹拌コイル４は、軸方向（上下方向）に配列された３個のコイル４ａ、４ｂ、４ｃに供給される３相交流電力の相順を選択することにより、保持容器１の軸方向に上向きに移動する交流磁界、または下向きに移動する交流磁界を発生することができる。   In order to improve this, a three-phase stirring coil 4 is provided. When three-phase AC power is supplied from the three-phase power terminals R, S, and T of the three-phase AC power source 6 to the stirring coil 4 via the three-phase input terminals U, V, and W, the stirring coil 4 is moved in the axial direction. By selecting the phase sequence of the three-phase AC power supplied to the three coils 4a, 4b, 4c arranged in the (vertical direction), the AC magnetic field that moves upward in the axial direction of the holding container 1, or the downward direction An alternating magnetic field can be generated.

この撹拌コイル４によって発生された移動交流磁界によって、保持容器１内に保持された溶融金属１０に電磁力が発生し、溶融金属１０が交流磁界の移動方向に駆動され、保持容器１内で循環するようになる。この溶融金属１０に作用する電磁力は撹拌コイル４に接近するほど大きくなる。   An electromagnetic force is generated in the molten metal 10 held in the holding container 1 by the moving AC magnetic field generated by the stirring coil 4, and the molten metal 10 is driven in the moving direction of the AC magnetic field and circulates in the holding container 1. To come. The electromagnetic force acting on the molten metal 10 increases as the stirring coil 4 is approached.

このため、撹拌コイル４によって形成される移動交流磁界の移動方向が上向きの場合は、保持容器１内の溶融金属１０は、図３に矢印で示すように、その外周部が上向きに駆動されて上昇し、中心部が外周部の上昇に伴って下降するようになる。これにより、溶融金属１０は、保持用器１の外周部において下から上へ、上部において外周部から中心部へ、中心部において上から下へ、そして下部において中心部から外周部へ循環するようになる。   For this reason, when the moving direction of the moving AC magnetic field formed by the stirring coil 4 is upward, the outer periphery of the molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 is driven upward as indicated by an arrow in FIG. It rises and the central part comes down as the outer peripheral part rises. As a result, the molten metal 10 circulates from the bottom to the top at the outer periphery of the holding device 1, from the periphery to the center at the top, from top to bottom at the center, and from the center to the periphery at the bottom. become.

また、移動交流磁界の移動方向が下向きの場合は、図４に矢印で示すように、保持容器１内の溶融金属１０の流れは、反対に、その外周部が下降し、中心部が上昇するような循環流となる。このような循環流は、撹拌コイル４が保持容器１の全周を取り囲んで形成されているため、保持容器１の全周において均等に発生する。   Further, when the moving AC magnetic field is moving downward, the flow of the molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 is conversely lowered at the outer peripheral portion and raised at the central portion as indicated by arrows in FIG. It becomes such a circulating flow. Such a circulating flow is uniformly generated in the entire circumference of the holding container 1 because the stirring coil 4 is formed so as to surround the entire circumference of the holding container 1.

このように、撹拌コイル４によって形成する移動交流磁界により、溶融金属１０が保持容器１内で上下方向および内外方向に循環されることより、保持容器１の内壁と接触して加熱された溶融金属１０の全体が、容器１内で強制的に均等に撹拌されるため、溶融金属１の保持容器１内の場所による温度むらは解消され、保持容器１内における溶融金属１０の全体の温度が均一となる。また、このように溶融金属１０が保持容器１内で循環、撹拌されることにより、溶融金属の構成成分が均質に混合され、全体に均質な金属または合金を得ることができる。   As described above, the molten metal 10 is circulated in the vertical direction and the internal and external directions in the holding container 1 by the moving AC magnetic field formed by the stirring coil 4, so that the molten metal heated in contact with the inner wall of the holding container 1 is heated. 10 is forcibly and uniformly stirred in the container 1, so that the temperature unevenness due to the location of the molten metal 1 in the holding container 1 is eliminated, and the entire temperature of the molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 is uniform. It becomes. In addition, the molten metal 10 is circulated and stirred in the holding container 1 in this way, so that the constituent components of the molten metal are homogeneously mixed, and a homogeneous metal or alloy can be obtained as a whole.

撹拌コイル４による溶融金属１０の撹拌力を適正にするために、３相交流電源６の周波数は、商用周波数でも良いが、撹拌力は周波数の平方根に逆比例するので数ヘルツ〜数十ヘルツ以下の低周波数にするのが好ましい。   In order to make the stirring force of the molten metal 10 by the stirring coil 4 appropriate, the frequency of the three-phase AC power supply 6 may be a commercial frequency. However, since the stirring force is inversely proportional to the square root of the frequency, several hertz to several tens hertz or less. It is preferable to set a low frequency.

この発明においては、撹拌コイル４を、保持容器１を取り囲んでその軸方向に配設した複数個の筒状のコイルを多相、好ましくは３相接続して構成した多相コイルにより構成し、保持容器内１の溶融金属１０に軸方向（縦方向）の交流移動磁界を加えて、溶融金属を撹拌するようにしていることにより、保持容器１内の溶融金属１０の全体が上下方向だけでなく半径方向へ循環されるようになるため、保持容器１内の溶融金属１０の全体がより均等に混合され、温度および成分の均一性をより高めることができる。   In this invention, the stirring coil 4 is constituted by a multiphase coil constituted by connecting a plurality of cylindrical coils surrounding the holding container 1 in the axial direction thereof, and preferably by connecting three phases, By applying an axial (longitudinal) AC moving magnetic field to the molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 to stir the molten metal, the entire molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 is only in the vertical direction. Therefore, the entire molten metal 10 in the holding container 1 is more evenly mixed, and the uniformity of temperature and components can be further increased.

なお、前記の実施例においては、撹拌コイルが３相に構成されているが、移動交流磁界が発生することができれば、相数はこれに限ることなく、適宜の相数にすることができる。   In the above-described embodiment, the stirring coil is configured in three phases. However, the number of phases is not limited to this and can be set to an appropriate number as long as a moving AC magnetic field can be generated.

この発明の実施例示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the Example of this invention. 図１に示す保持容器の平面構成を示すもので、(ａ)は、その平面図、（ｂ）はその底面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view of the holding container shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a plan view thereof, and (b) is a bottom view thereof. 移動交流磁界の移動方向が上向きの状態におけるこの発明の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of this invention in the state in which the moving direction of a moving alternating current magnetic field is upward. 移動交流磁界の移動方向が下向きの状態におけるこの発明の動作説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of this invention in the state in which the moving direction of a moving alternating current magnetic field is downward.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：導電性を有する保持容器
２：上部電極
３：下部電極
４：電磁撹拌コイル
５：単相交流電源
６：３相交流電源 1: Holding container having conductivity 2: Upper electrode 3: Lower electrode 4: Electromagnetic stirring coil 5: Single-phase AC power supply 6: Three-phase AC power supply

Claims (3)

導電性を有する保持容器により溶融金属を保持し、この保持容器に直接通電して内部に保持した溶融金属を加熱するようにした通電加熱装置において、前記保持容器の外周にこれを取り囲んで筒状の複数のコイルで構成された撹拌コイルを配設し、この撹拌コイルに交流電力を供給し、前記保持容器内に交流磁界を発生させて前記保持容器内の溶融金属を電磁的に撹拌するようにしたことを特徴とする通電加熱装置。   In an energization heating apparatus in which molten metal is held by a conductive holding container, and the molten metal held inside is heated by directly energizing the holding container, the outer periphery of the holding container is surrounded by a cylindrical shape. A stirring coil composed of a plurality of coils is disposed, AC power is supplied to the stirring coil, an AC magnetic field is generated in the holding container, and the molten metal in the holding container is electromagnetically stirred. An energizing heating device characterized by that. 請求項１に記載の通電加熱装置において、前記撹拌コイルにより、前記保持容器内に保持された溶融金属に上方または下方の電磁力が生じるように上向きまたは下向きに移動する交流磁界を形成するようにしたことを特徴とする通電加熱装置。   2. The electric heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stirring coil forms an alternating magnetic field that moves upward or downward so that an upward or downward electromagnetic force is generated in the molten metal held in the holding container. An electric heating device characterized by that. 請求項１または２に記載の通電加熱装置において、前記撹拌コイルに数ヘルツ〜数十ヘルツ以下の低周波交流電力を加えるようにしたことを特徴とする通電加熱装置。 The electric heating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein low frequency alternating current power of several hertz to several tens of hertz is applied to the stirring coil.
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