JP2008216468A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2008216468A
JP2008216468A JP2007051578A JP2007051578A JP2008216468A JP 2008216468 A JP2008216468 A JP 2008216468A JP 2007051578 A JP2007051578 A JP 2007051578A JP 2007051578 A JP2007051578 A JP 2007051578A JP 2008216468 A JP2008216468 A JP 2008216468A
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transfer material
transfer
bias voltage
static elimination
conveyance
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Yasunari Obara
泰成 小原
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus which is capable of obtaining a satisfactory image by detecting changes in conveyance height of a transfer material at a downstream position in a conveyance direction of a transfer part to apply an appropriate bias to a static charge eliminator. <P>SOLUTION: The image forming apparatus includes: a static charge eliminating means which is disposed near a down stream side in a transfer material conveyance direction with respect to a position of toner image transfer from an image carrier to a transfer member and discharges the transfer material; and conveyance height detection means which detects the conveyance height of the transfer material between a transfer means and a heat fixing means. A static charge eliminating bias voltage applied to the static charge eliminating means can be controlled in accordance with the detection result of this detection means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、レーザービームプリンター(以後、LBPと記す)やファックス、複写機等の画像形成装置であって、転写工程において転写材に帯電した電荷を、転写工程後、且つ定着工程前に除電する除電装置を備えた画像形成装置に関するものである。   The present invention is an image forming apparatus such as a laser beam printer (hereinafter referred to as LBP), a fax machine, a copying machine, or the like, and removes the charge charged on the transfer material in the transfer process after the transfer process and before the fixing process. The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus including a static eliminator.

従来の画像形成装置における転写は、転写材の裏面からトナーとは逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加して、形成される電界の作用でトナー像を像担持体から転写材印字面側へ引き寄せて転写を行っている。転写後、トナー像を担持した転写材は定着工程を経て、画像記録が完了する。さらに、転写工程から定着工程への搬送中に未定着トナー画像が乱されて、画像不良が生じるため、転写工程によって転写材に帯電された電荷を除電する除電手段が設けられている。   Transfer in a conventional image forming apparatus applies a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner from the back surface of the transfer material, and draws the toner image from the image carrier to the transfer material printing surface side by the action of the electric field formed. Transcription. After the transfer, the transfer material carrying the toner image undergoes a fixing process, and image recording is completed. Further, since an unfixed toner image is disturbed during conveyance from the transfer process to the fixing process and an image defect occurs, a charge removing unit is provided for discharging charges charged on the transfer material in the transfer process.

上記除電手段による除電が適正に行われないと、「水玉」と呼ばれる画像不良が生じることがある。「水玉」とは、電荷を保持した転写材と搬送ガイド等の部材とが接触し、転写工程で帯電された電荷がリークすることによって未定着トナーが円状に飛び散る現象である。   If the charge removal by the charge removal means is not properly performed, an image defect called “polka dot” may occur. The “polka dot” is a phenomenon in which unfixed toner is scattered in a circular shape when a transfer material holding a charge comes into contact with a member such as a conveyance guide and the charge charged in the transfer process leaks.

適正な除電を行うために、特許文献1では転写バイアスを印加された転写材の像担持面の裏面における電位を測定し、この測定結果に基づいて、除電量を制御することを特徴とする画像形成装置が提案されている。   In order to perform appropriate static elimination, Patent Document 1 measures an electric potential on the back surface of the image bearing surface of a transfer material to which a transfer bias is applied, and controls the amount of static elimination based on the measurement result. A forming apparatus has been proposed.

また、除電が適正に行われない原因として、転写材と除電部材との間の距離変動が挙げられる。例えば、画像形成装置を小型化するために、転写ニップ部と定着ニップ部との間の距離を短くした画像形成装置では、転写材搬送中に転写材が両ニップ部に同時に挟持された状態となる。また、加熱定着装置は、トナー及び転写材を加熱して転写材への定着を行うため、構成部材のサイズが温度変化し、定着ニップ部における転写材の搬送速度が変化する。前記2つの状態が相俟って、転写ニップ部による搬送速度と定着ニップ部による搬送速度とに差が生じ、転写材が過剰な引っ張り状態になったり、転写材に不要なループ(弛み)が成長したりする。このような転写材の搬送状態の変化は、転写材と除電手段との距離の変動を生み、結果として転写材は適切に除電されず、「水玉」の発生に繋がる。特に、転写材と除電装置との距離が広がった場合には、除電作用が弱まるので「水玉」が発生し易い。特許文献1にはこの問題点の解決策は開示されていない。   Further, the reason why the charge removal is not properly performed is a change in the distance between the transfer material and the charge removal member. For example, in an image forming apparatus in which the distance between the transfer nip part and the fixing nip part is shortened in order to reduce the size of the image forming apparatus, the transfer material is sandwiched between both nip parts during transfer of the transfer material. Become. Further, since the heat fixing device heats the toner and the transfer material to fix the toner onto the transfer material, the size of the constituent member changes in temperature, and the transfer material conveyance speed in the fixing nip changes. Combined with the two states, there is a difference between the conveyance speed by the transfer nip and the conveyance speed by the fixing nip, and the transfer material becomes excessively pulled, or an unnecessary loop (slack) occurs in the transfer material. Or grow. Such a change in the conveyance state of the transfer material causes a change in the distance between the transfer material and the charge removal means, and as a result, the transfer material is not properly discharged, leading to the generation of “polka dots”. In particular, when the distance between the transfer material and the static eliminator increases, the static elimination action is weakened, so that “polka dots” are likely to occur. Patent Document 1 does not disclose a solution to this problem.

特許文献2には、転写材の搬送高さを検知し、検知結果に基づいて定着装置の駆動速度を制御することにより転写材の弛み変動を抑制する装置が提案されている。しかし、この文献には、転写工程後、且つ定着工程前での転写材の除電についての記載はない。
特開2001−215815号公報 特開平7−261584号公報
Patent Document 2 proposes an apparatus that suppresses fluctuation fluctuations in the transfer material by detecting the conveyance height of the transfer material and controlling the driving speed of the fixing device based on the detection result. However, this document does not describe the neutralization of the transfer material after the transfer process and before the fixing process.
JP 2001-215815 A JP-A-7-261484

本発明は、加熱定着手段による転写材の搬送速度変動に起因して転写材と除電手段間の距離変動が生じても、転写工程と定着工程との間における「水玉」の発生を抑制することを目的とする。   The present invention suppresses the generation of “polka dots” between the transfer process and the fixing process even if the distance between the transfer material and the static eliminating means varies due to the transfer speed fluctuation of the transfer material by the heat fixing means. With the goal.

本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、トナー像を担持して回転する像担持体と、転写材を前記像担持体とで挟持する転写ニップ部を形成し、回転する転写部材であって、この転写ニップ部において転写材にトナーと逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加して、前記像担持体に担持されたトナー像を転写材上に転写する転写部材と、各々回転する加熱部材と加圧部材とで前記転写材を挟持する定着ニップ部を形成し、この定着ニップ部において転写材上のトナー像を熱定着する加熱定着手段と、転写材の裏面が接触可能に配置され、前記転写ニップを出た転写材を前記定着ニップの方へガイドするガイド部材と、前記転写ニップ部とガイド部材の間の位置で転写材の裏面に対向するように配置され、転写材に帯電した電荷を除電する除電部材と、この除電部材に転写材の電荷を除電するための除電バイアス電圧を印加する電源と、を有する画像形成装置において、前記除電部材と前記定着ニップ部との間の検知位置で転写材の搬送高さを検知する検知手段と、前記検知手段の検知結果に基づいて前記除電バイアス電圧を制御する除電バイアス電圧制御手段と、を有することを特徴とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problem, and forms a transfer member that rotates by forming an image carrier that carries and rotates a toner image, and a transfer nip portion that holds a transfer material between the image carrier and the transfer member. In this transfer nip portion, a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner is applied to the transfer material to transfer the toner image carried on the image carrier onto the transfer material, and heating that rotates A fixing nip portion for sandwiching the transfer material is formed by the member and the pressure member, and a heat fixing means for thermally fixing the toner image on the transfer material and the back surface of the transfer material are arranged in contact with each other at the fixing nip portion. A guide member that guides the transfer material that has exited the transfer nip toward the fixing nip, and is disposed so as to face the back surface of the transfer material at a position between the transfer nip portion and the guide member. To remove static charge In the image forming apparatus having a member and a power source for applying a neutralizing bias voltage for neutralizing the charge of the transfer material to the neutralizing member, the transfer material is detected at a detection position between the neutralizing member and the fixing nip portion. It has a detection means which detects conveyance height, and a static elimination bias voltage control means which controls the static elimination bias voltage based on a detection result of the detection means.

本発明によれば、転写ニップ部の転写材搬送方向下流位置の除電部材と定着ニップ部との間で転写材の搬送高さを検知し、この検知結果に応じて除電部材に印加する除電バイアス電圧を制御するので、加熱定着手段の搬送速度が変化して転写材の搬送高さが変化した場合でも転写材の適正な除電が可能となり、転写工程と定着工程との間における「水玉」の発生を抑制することができる。   According to the present invention, the transfer material conveyance height is detected between the static eliminator and the fixing nip at the downstream position in the transfer material conveyance direction of the transfer nip portion, and the neutralization bias applied to the neutralization member according to the detection result. Since the voltage is controlled, the transfer material can be properly neutralized even if the transfer speed of the transfer material changes due to the change in the conveyance speed of the heating and fixing means, and the `` polka dots '' between the transfer process and the fixing process Occurrence can be suppressed.

(実施例1)
以下に本発明の実施形態について、図を用いて説明する。図1は、負極性に帯電したトナーを使用し、反転現像を行うLBPの概略構成図である。図1中、1は画像情報を取り込むスキャナユニットである。10は、主な画像形成手段を内蔵した、ユーザーがLBP本体に着脱可能なプロセスカートリッジである。このプロセスカートリッジは、トナー像を担持する像担持体である電子写真感光ドラム3、半導電性のゴムからなるローラ帯電器4、トナー6で感光ドラム3上の静電潜像を現像する現像装置5、廃トナーを感光ドラム3上から除去するクリーナー8等から構成されている。このプロセスカートリッジ10内の感光ドラム3は、矢印の方向に回転駆動されており、ローラ帯電器4によりその表面を一様に帯電された後、スキャナユニット1で発信されたレーザー光をミラー2を介して照射することにより、その表面上に静電潜像が形成されるようになっている。そして、この静電潜像は、現像装置5のトナー6で現像され、トナー像として可視像化される。
(Example 1)
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LBP that uses a negatively charged toner and performs reversal development. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a scanner unit that captures image information. Reference numeral 10 denotes a process cartridge that incorporates main image forming means and is detachable from the LBP main body by the user. This process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 3 that is an image carrier for carrying a toner image, a roller charger 4 made of semiconductive rubber, and a developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 3 with toner 6. 5 and a cleaner 8 for removing waste toner from the photosensitive drum 3. The photosensitive drum 3 in the process cartridge 10 is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow. After the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 is uniformly charged by the roller charger 4, the laser light transmitted from the scanner unit 1 is reflected by the mirror 2. The electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the surface. The electrostatic latent image is developed with the toner 6 of the developing device 5 and visualized as a toner image.

一方、給紙カセット12内の記録用紙であるところの転写材14は、給紙ローラ13により、一枚ずつ分離されて給送される。給送された転写材14は、上下一対のガイド13aに沿って、一対のレジストローラ15に搬送される。   On the other hand, the transfer material 14, which is a recording sheet in the paper feed cassette 12, is separated and fed one by one by a paper feed roller 13. The fed transfer material 14 is conveyed to a pair of registration rollers 15 along a pair of upper and lower guides 13a.

次いで、レジストローラ15は、感光ドラム3上に形成された画像の先端と同期するように、転写材14を転写ニップ部Nt(詳細は後述する)へと搬送する。そして、転写材14は、転写ニップ部Ntにおいて、転写ローラ7によって印字面の裏面からトナーとは逆極性の電荷を与えられ、上記感光ドラム3上に形成されたトナー像が転写材14に転写される。トナー像を担持した転写材14は、除電部材であるところの除電針9によって、上記転写ローラ7によって帯電せしめられた電荷の過剰分の除電を受け、次いで搬送ガイド16及び定着入り口ガイド17aから構成され、転写材14の裏面が摺接するガイド部材により加熱定着装置17の定着ニップ部Nfへ案内される。この加熱定着装置17の定着ニップ部Nfで転写材上の未定着トナーが溶融、固着され、転写材14は排紙される。21は、ガイド16上の転写材通路の途中位置となる検知位置で転写材14の裏面に摺接可能に配置された揺動レバーであり、転写材14の搬送高さ検知に使用される。   Next, the registration roller 15 conveys the transfer material 14 to a transfer nip portion Nt (details will be described later) so as to synchronize with the leading edge of the image formed on the photosensitive drum 3. The transfer material 14 is given a charge having a polarity opposite to that of the toner from the back surface of the print surface by the transfer roller 7 at the transfer nip portion Nt, and the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 3 is transferred to the transfer material 14. Is done. The transfer material 14 carrying the toner image is subjected to charge removal of an excess amount of charge charged by the transfer roller 7 by the charge removal needle 9 serving as a charge removal member, and then includes a conveyance guide 16 and a fixing entrance guide 17a. Then, it is guided to the fixing nip portion Nf of the heat fixing device 17 by a guide member with which the back surface of the transfer material 14 is in sliding contact. The unfixed toner on the transfer material is melted and fixed at the fixing nip portion Nf of the heat fixing device 17, and the transfer material 14 is discharged. Reference numeral 21 denotes a rocking lever which is disposed so as to be slidable on the back surface of the transfer material 14 at a detection position which is an intermediate position of the transfer material path on the guide 16 and is used for detecting the conveying height of the transfer material 14.

次に、本発明における転写工程から加熱定着工程までについて、図2及び図11を用いてさらに詳しく説明する。   Next, the transfer process to the heat fixing process in the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS.

図2は、LBPの転写装置から定着装置にわたる搬送経路を拡大した断面図である。図2において、3は感光ドラム、7はドラム3に当接せしめられた転写部材であるところの転写ローラであり、不図示のモーターにより回転駆動される両部材によって転写材を挟持し搬送する転写ニップ部Ntが形成される。転写ローラ7には、転写材14の搬送タイミングと合わせてトナーと逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加するための転写バイアス電源50が接続されており、転写中に所定の電流が流れるように制御手段200によって転写バイアス電圧がコントロールされる。この転写バイアス電源50が転写材14の裏面からトナー像と逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加して、感光ドラム3が保持するトナー像を転写材14の表面(印字面)に転写する。尚、制御手段200は制御CPU70と制御用参照値を記憶しているデータ格納部73とを含む。なお、本発明は、上記の如きローラ状の転写部材ではなく、回転するエンドレスベルト状の転写部材を採用した画像形成装置にも適用できる。   FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the conveyance path from the LBP transfer device to the fixing device. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 3 denotes a photosensitive drum, and 7 denotes a transfer roller which is a transfer member brought into contact with the drum 3. The transfer roller sandwiches and conveys a transfer material by both members rotated by a motor (not shown). A nip portion Nt is formed. The transfer roller 7 is connected to a transfer bias power source 50 for applying a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner in accordance with the conveyance timing of the transfer material 14, and a control means so that a predetermined current flows during the transfer. The transfer bias voltage is controlled by 200. The transfer bias power supply 50 applies a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner image from the back surface of the transfer material 14 to transfer the toner image held by the photosensitive drum 3 to the surface (printing surface) of the transfer material 14. The control means 200 includes a control CPU 70 and a data storage unit 73 that stores a control reference value. The present invention can also be applied to an image forming apparatus that employs a rotating endless belt-shaped transfer member instead of the roller-shaped transfer member as described above.

次に、本実施例の加熱定着装置17について、その断面構成を示した図10を用いて説明する。30は、加熱回転部材としてのエンドレスベルト状の耐熱性フィルムであり、半円弧状のフィルムガイド部材(ステイ)32を覆っている。33は加熱体で、電力供給により発熱する加熱源としての通電発熱体33aを含み、この通電発熱体33aの発熱により前記耐熱性フィルム30を加熱する。31は、芯金上に弾性層形成した加圧ローラであり、2速制御されるパルスモーターMにより回転駆動する構成となっている。加圧ローラ31が回転駆動されるとフィルム30は摩擦力により従動回転する。本実施例では、耐熱性フィルム30と加圧ローラ31とで定着ニップ部Nfを形成し、この定着ニップ部Nfにおいて転写材14を挟持搬送し、且つ加熱体33をフィルム30を介して転写材14の印字面に加圧してトナー像を加熱定着する、いわゆるフィルム定着方式を採用する。また、本実施例ではフィルム定着方式で説明を行うが、加熱定着手段として、耐熱性フィルムの代わりに加熱ローラを加熱回転部材として使用した熱ローラ定着装置を使用してもよい。   Next, the heat fixing device 17 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 30 denotes an endless belt-like heat-resistant film as a heating rotating member, which covers a semicircular arc-shaped film guide member (stay) 32. Reference numeral 33 denotes a heating element, which includes an energization heating element 33a as a heating source that generates heat when power is supplied, and heats the heat-resistant film 30 by the heat generated by the energization heating element 33a. Reference numeral 31 denotes a pressure roller in which an elastic layer is formed on a cored bar, and is configured to be rotationally driven by a pulse motor M that is controlled at a second speed. When the pressure roller 31 is driven to rotate, the film 30 is driven and rotated by a frictional force. In this embodiment, the heat-resistant film 30 and the pressure roller 31 form a fixing nip portion Nf, and the transfer material 14 is nipped and conveyed in the fixing nip portion Nf, and the heating body 33 is transferred via the film 30 to the transfer material. A so-called film fixing system is employed in which the toner image is heated and fixed by pressurizing the printing surface 14. In this embodiment, the film fixing method will be described. However, a heat roller fixing device using a heating roller as a heating rotating member instead of the heat resistant film may be used as the heat fixing means.

図2における16は、転写材搬送ガイドである。本発明での「搬送高さ」とは、後述する検知手段の、検知位置における搬送ガイド16と転写材14との距離を指す。   Reference numeral 16 in FIG. 2 denotes a transfer material conveyance guide. The “conveyance height” in the present invention refers to the distance between the conveyance guide 16 and the transfer material 14 at the detection position of the detection means described later.

9は導電性の除電針であり、先端が鋸歯状になっており、転写材搬送方向と垂直に、転写材14の裏面と間隔をもって対向するように固定配置されている。除電針9は、転写ニップ部Ntに対して転写材搬送方向下流側、かつ前記搬送ガイド16に対して転写材搬送方向上流側となる、転写ニップ部Ntの近傍の位置に設けられ、転写材14に帯電した過剰な電荷をトナー像転写直後に除電する。   Reference numeral 9 denotes a conductive static elimination needle having a serrated tip, which is fixedly disposed so as to face the back surface of the transfer material 14 with a gap perpendicular to the transfer material conveyance direction. The neutralizing needle 9 is provided at a position in the vicinity of the transfer nip Nt that is downstream of the transfer nip Nt in the transfer material conveyance direction and upstream of the conveyance guide 16 in the transfer material conveyance direction. The excess charge charged to 14 is removed immediately after the transfer of the toner image.

なお、このように転写ニップ部Ntの近傍の位置に配置したことにより、除電針9は、前記「水玉」防止の他に、感光ドラム3から転写材14を分離する作用もなす。転写後の転写材14には、転写ローラから付与された電荷により感光ドラム3に巻きつけられる方向の静電気力が働く。特に、低湿環境で転写材14は高抵抗化するので、この巻きつき状態が起き易い。そのため、この実施例では除電針9は、転写ニップ部Ntに近い位置に設け、転写材14の、転写ニップ部Ntから出てきた直後の領域の除電を行うことで上記巻きつきを防止して、感光ドラム3から転写材14を分離するようにしている。   Since the neutralizing needle 9 is disposed at a position near the transfer nip portion Nt in this way, the neutralizing needle 9 also functions to separate the transfer material 14 from the photosensitive drum 3 in addition to preventing the “polka dots”. The transfer material 14 after the transfer is acted on by an electrostatic force in a direction in which the transfer material 14 is wound around the photosensitive drum 3 by the charge applied from the transfer roller. In particular, since the transfer material 14 has a high resistance in a low humidity environment, this winding state is likely to occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, the static elimination needle 9 is provided at a position close to the transfer nip portion Nt, and the above-described wrapping is prevented by performing static elimination on the transfer material 14 immediately after coming out from the transfer nip portion Nt. The transfer material 14 is separated from the photosensitive drum 3.

除電針9には、除電バイアス電圧を供給するための除電バイアス電源60aが、限流抵抗60bを介して接続されている。除電バイアス電源60aは出力レベルが可変であり、本実施例では2段階の出力レベル(Low=−1.0kV、High=−2.5kV)が選択可能な例を示す。本実施例では、負極性のトナーを使用しているため、転写工程では転写材14に正極性のバイアスを印加して転写を行っている。そのため、転写材14は正極性の電荷を有しており、正電荷を除電するために除電針9は負極性の除電バイアス電圧を印加する。反対に、トナーに正極性のものを使用した場合、転写ローラ7は転写材14に負極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加して、さらに、除電針9は正極性の除電バイアス電圧を印加することになる。尚、転写バイアス電源50並びに除電バイアス電源60a及び限流抵抗60bは、共に高圧回路100内に収納されている。除電部材として鋸歯状の除電針を例示したが、その他、金属ブラシや導電性樹脂繊維、或いは金属ワイヤーを除電部材として用い、これらに除電バイアス電圧を印加して除電を行う構成にしても良い。   A static elimination bias power source 60a for supplying a static elimination bias voltage is connected to the static elimination needle 9 via a current limiting resistor 60b. The discharge bias power supply 60a has a variable output level, and in this embodiment, an example in which two levels of output levels (Low = −1.0 kV, High = −2.5 kV) can be selected is shown. In this embodiment, since negative-polarity toner is used, transfer is performed by applying a positive-polarity bias to the transfer material 14 in the transfer process. Therefore, the transfer material 14 has a positive charge, and the charge removal needle 9 applies a negative charge removal bias voltage to remove the positive charge. On the other hand, when a toner having a positive polarity is used, the transfer roller 7 applies a negative transfer bias voltage to the transfer material 14, and the charge eliminating needle 9 applies a positive charge eliminating bias voltage. Become. The transfer bias power supply 50, the neutralization bias power supply 60a, and the current limiting resistor 60b are all housed in the high voltage circuit 100. Although the sawtooth-shaped static elimination needle has been exemplified as the static elimination member, a configuration in which static elimination is performed by applying a static elimination bias voltage to a metal brush, a conductive resin fiber, or a metal wire as the static elimination member.

次に検知手段について説明する。図3は、不図示の発光素子と受光素子とを対向配置したフォトインタラプタ20、転写材との接触により矢印A、B方向に回転せしめられることによりフォトインタラプタ20の発光素子と受光素子間の光路中に出入りしてこの光路を開閉するセンサレバー21、及びセンサレバーを固定した支持軸21aを組立てたものである。この検知手段は上記光路の半分が遮蔽されると出力信号(センサ信号)がOFFとなるものである。なお、軸21aはレバー21を矢印A方向(前記光路から退避する方向)に常時付勢する不図示のコイルばねに結合されている。そしてこのレバー21は、転写材14と接触しないときは、上記のばね力によって不図示のストッパーに当接せしめられて前記光路から外れた位置に保持される。この検知手段は、除電部材と定着ニップ部との間の検知手段の検知位置における、転写材搬送ガイド16と転写材14との距離である「搬送高さ」を検知する。この「搬送高さ」が高くなると除電位置における除電針9と転写材14との距離が広がり、「搬送高さ」が低くなると除電針9と転写材14との距離が狭まる。   Next, the detection means will be described. FIG. 3 shows a photo interrupter 20 in which a light emitting element and a light receiving element (not shown) are arranged to face each other, and an optical path between the light emitting element and the light receiving element of the photo interrupter 20 by being rotated in the directions of arrows A and B by contact with a transfer material. The sensor lever 21 that enters and exits the optical path and the support shaft 21a to which the sensor lever is fixed are assembled. This detection means turns off the output signal (sensor signal) when half of the optical path is blocked. The shaft 21a is coupled to a coil spring (not shown) that constantly urges the lever 21 in the direction of arrow A (the direction retracted from the optical path). When the lever 21 does not come into contact with the transfer material 14, the lever 21 is brought into contact with a stopper (not shown) by the above-described spring force and is held at a position off the optical path. This detection means detects a “conveyance height” that is a distance between the transfer material conveyance guide 16 and the transfer material 14 at a detection position of the detection means between the static elimination member and the fixing nip portion. When the “transport height” is increased, the distance between the charge removal needle 9 and the transfer material 14 at the static elimination position is increased, and when the “transport height” is decreased, the distance between the charge removal needle 9 and the transfer material 14 is decreased.

本実施例で挙げる画像形成装置は、転写ニップ部Ntと定着ニップ部Nfとの間の距離が転写材14の搬送方向の長さよりも短いものである。よって、転写材14の先端部が転写ニップ部Ntを通過した後、定着ニップ部Nfに到達すると、転写材14は転写ニップ部Ntと定着ニップ部Nfとで同時に挟持されて搬送される状態となる。転写材14の過剰な引っ張り状態や不要なループ状態は、この転写ニップ部Ntと定着ニップ部Nfとで同時に挟持搬送される状態において生じる。例えば、加熱定着装置がそれほど温まっていない状態では、定着ニップ部Nfによる転写材搬送速度が定着ニップ部Nfの転写材搬送速度よりも若干速いので、転写材14はループ状態となり図2の実線部P1の搬送経路を取る。また、連続プリントした後など、加熱定着装置が温まった状態からプリントを開始すると、定着ニップ部Nfによる搬送速度が速くなる一方で、転写ニップ部Ntにおける搬送速度は変わらないため、転写材14は搬送方向に引っ張られた状態となり、図2の一転鎖線部P2の搬送経路を取る。検知手段はこのようにして生じる搬送高さ変化を検知するために設けられている。   In the image forming apparatus described in this embodiment, the distance between the transfer nip portion Nt and the fixing nip portion Nf is shorter than the length of the transfer material 14 in the conveyance direction. Therefore, when the leading end portion of the transfer material 14 passes through the transfer nip portion Nt and reaches the fixing nip portion Nf, the transfer material 14 is nipped and conveyed at the same time by the transfer nip portion Nt and the fixing nip portion Nf. Become. An excessive tension state or an unnecessary loop state of the transfer material 14 occurs in a state where the transfer material 14 is nipped and conveyed at the same time by the transfer nip portion Nt and the fixing nip portion Nf. For example, in a state where the heat fixing device is not warmed so much, the transfer material conveyance speed by the fixing nip portion Nf is slightly faster than the transfer material conveyance speed of the fixing nip portion Nf, so that the transfer material 14 is in a loop state and the solid line portion in FIG. Take the P1 transport path. Further, when printing is started from a state in which the heating and fixing device is warm, such as after continuous printing, the conveyance speed at the fixing nip portion Nf increases, while the conveyance speed at the transfer nip portion Nt does not change. It will be in the state pulled by the conveyance direction, and will take the conveyance path | route of the dashed line part P2 of FIG. The detection means is provided to detect the change in the conveyance height that occurs in this way.

また、転写材14の先端部が定着ニップ部Nfに到達していない場合でも、転写材の種類や、厚み、吸湿状態によって転写材の腰の強さが異なり、これにより転写ニップ部Nfからの転写材排出方向が変化するため、それに応じて搬送高さも変化する。さらに、転写材14の両面に印字する際も、1面目に印字する場合に比して2面目に印字する場合は、1面目の印字の際に定着工程を通過しているため、紙がカールした状態となり上記排出方向が変化するので、搬送高さが変化する。検知手段は、これらの搬送高さの変化も検知することができる。   Even when the leading end of the transfer material 14 does not reach the fixing nip portion Nf, the strength of the transfer material varies depending on the type, thickness, and moisture absorption state of the transfer material. Since the transfer material discharge direction changes, the conveyance height changes accordingly. Furthermore, when printing on both sides of the transfer material 14, when printing on the second side compared to printing on the first side, the paper passes through the fixing process when printing on the first side, so the paper is curled. Since the discharge direction is changed and the discharge direction is changed, the conveyance height is changed. The detection means can also detect these changes in transport height.

検知方法は以下のようになっている。検知手段は、前述した通り回転軸21aを中心にセンサレバー21がB方向に回転すると、フォトインタラプタ20の前記光路を遮る構成となっている。転写ニップ部Ntから搬送されてきた転写材14が低い搬送高さで搬送されてくると、転写材14の裏面がセンサレバー21と接触し、センサレバー21は矢印Bの方向に倒される。センサレバー21がフォトインタラプタ20の前記光路の半分を遮る光路の中央位置に達するとフォトインタラプタ20の出力信号はOFFとなる。転写材14の搬送高さが高くなると、即ち、転写材14と除電針9との間隔が広くなると、レバー21が矢印A方向に回転し、前記光路の中央位置から退避するとフォトインタラプタ20の出力信号はONとなる。このフォトインタラプタ20のON、OFF状態によって転写材14の搬送高さを検知する。なお、本明細書では前記出力信号がONからOFFに変化する時(即ち前記光路がレバー21によって半分遮蔽された時)の転写材14の搬送高さを基準高さということにする。而して、上記センサ出力信号がONであると言うことは、転写材14が基準高さより高い搬送高さで搬送されているということであり、上記センサ出力信号がOFFであると言うことは、転写材14が基準高さより低い搬送高さで搬送されているということである。   The detection method is as follows. As described above, the detection means is configured to block the optical path of the photo interrupter 20 when the sensor lever 21 rotates in the B direction around the rotation shaft 21a. When the transfer material 14 conveyed from the transfer nip portion Nt is conveyed at a low conveyance height, the back surface of the transfer material 14 comes into contact with the sensor lever 21 and the sensor lever 21 is tilted in the direction of arrow B. When the sensor lever 21 reaches the center position of the optical path that blocks half of the optical path of the photo interrupter 20, the output signal of the photo interrupter 20 is turned off. When the conveyance height of the transfer material 14 is increased, that is, when the distance between the transfer material 14 and the charge eliminating needle 9 is increased, the lever 21 rotates in the direction of arrow A, and when the transfer material 14 is retracted from the center position of the optical path, the output of the photo interrupter 20 The signal is turned on. The conveyance height of the transfer material 14 is detected by the ON / OFF state of the photo interrupter 20. In the present specification, the transport height of the transfer material 14 when the output signal changes from ON to OFF (that is, when the optical path is half shielded by the lever 21) is referred to as a reference height. Thus, the fact that the sensor output signal is ON means that the transfer material 14 is conveyed at a conveyance height higher than the reference height, and that the sensor output signal is OFF. This means that the transfer material 14 is conveyed at a conveyance height lower than the reference height.

本実施例では、検知精度を良くし易いので、センサレバー21が転写材14に当接する位置、即ち検知位置を、転写材14の搬送高さ方向の変化が大きい転写ニップ部Ntと定着ニップ部Nfとの中間としている。しかし、定着ニップ部Nfの搬送速度変化に応じて転写材14の搬送高さが変化する位置であれば、除電針9と定着ニップ部Nf間の他の位置を検知位置とすることも出来る。   In this embodiment, since the detection accuracy is easily improved, the position where the sensor lever 21 contacts the transfer material 14, that is, the detection position, is the transfer nip portion Nt and the fixing nip portion where the change in the transfer height direction of the transfer material 14 is large. It is in the middle of Nf. However, any other position between the static elimination needle 9 and the fixing nip portion Nf can be set as a detection position as long as the transfer height of the transfer material 14 changes according to the change in the conveyance speed of the fixing nip portion Nf.

検知手段の結果に基づいて除電バイアス電圧を制御する方法について説明する。図4は、本実施例の画像形成装置における、フォトインタラプタ20の出力信号(センサ信号)のON・OFF状態、定着装置駆動モーターMの速度状態、除電針9の除電バイアス電圧の時間変化を例示したシーケンスチャートであり、加熱定着装置17が温まった状態からプリントした場合である。   A method for controlling the static elimination bias voltage based on the result of the detection means will be described. FIG. 4 illustrates the time change of the ON / OFF state of the output signal (sensor signal) of the photo interrupter 20, the speed state of the fixing device driving motor M, and the discharging bias voltage of the discharging needle 9 in the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment. This is a sequence chart when the heat fixing device 17 is printed from a warmed state.

t1は、除電バイアス電圧を印加するタイミングである。このタイミングは、転写材14の先端部が除電針9により除電される除電位置に到達する時点としてよい。そして、転写材14の先端部がセンサレバー21を押し回してセンサ出力信号をOFF状態にするタイミング(t2)から、制御手段200はセンサ出力信号のON・OFF状態をモニター開始する。   t1 is the timing of applying the static elimination bias voltage. This timing may be a point in time when the leading end portion of the transfer material 14 reaches a static elimination position where static elimination is performed by the static elimination needle 9. Then, the control means 200 starts monitoring the ON / OFF state of the sensor output signal from the timing (t2) when the leading end of the transfer material 14 pushes around the sensor lever 21 to turn the sensor output signal OFF.

センサ出力信号がOFF状態になると、CPU70は定着装置駆動モーターMの速度をHighへ切り換え、定着装置17の駆動速度を速くして定着ニップ部Nfにおける転写材搬送速度を速くすることにより、不要に大きいループが形成されることを抑制する。逆に、センサ出力信号がON状態となる場合には、定着モーターの速度をHighより低速のLowへ切り換え、定着装置17の駆動速度を遅くすることにより、転写材14が過剰に張られた状態を抑制する。   When the sensor output signal is turned off, the CPU 70 becomes unnecessary by switching the speed of the fixing device driving motor M to High, and increasing the driving speed of the fixing device 17 to increase the transfer material conveyance speed in the fixing nip portion Nf. Suppresses the formation of large loops. Conversely, when the sensor output signal is in the ON state, the transfer material 14 is excessively stretched by switching the speed of the fixing motor to Low, which is lower than High, and slowing the driving speed of the fixing device 17. Suppress.

このように、転写材14の搬送高さを検知し、検知結果に応じて定着装置17の駆動速度を制御することによって、転写材14の搬送高さ変化を抑制することができる。しかしながら、このように定着ニップ部Nfでの転写材搬送速度を制御しても、上記の高さ変化を零に保持することは困難である。つまり、除電位置での除電針9と転写材14との距離の変動は抑制されるとは言え、やはり存在し、この距離変動により適正な除電が行われず、「水玉」が生じる。この問題を解決するために、本実施例の画像形成装置は、転写材の搬送高さ検知手段の出力信号に応じて除電部材に印加する除電バイアス電圧を制御する。これにより、搬送高さに応じて転写材の適正な除電がなされるようになり、「水玉」を抑制できる。   As described above, the conveyance height of the transfer material 14 can be suppressed by detecting the conveyance height of the transfer material 14 and controlling the driving speed of the fixing device 17 according to the detection result. However, even if the transfer material conveyance speed at the fixing nip portion Nf is controlled in this way, it is difficult to maintain the above height change at zero. That is, although the fluctuation of the distance between the static elimination needle 9 and the transfer material 14 at the static elimination position is suppressed, it still exists, and due to this distance fluctuation, proper static elimination is not performed and “polka dots” are generated. In order to solve this problem, the image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment controls the neutralizing bias voltage applied to the neutralizing member in accordance with the output signal of the transfer material conveyance height detection unit. Accordingly, the transfer material is appropriately neutralized according to the conveyance height, and “polka dots” can be suppressed.

以下、図4に加え図5も用いて本実施例における除電バイアス電圧制御の方法について説明する。図5は、本実施例におけるフローチャートである。まず、プリント指示があり、転写材14の先端部が除電位置に到達するまでは、除電針9に除電バイアス電圧は印加されない(S101)。転写材14の先端部が除電位置に到達する(t1)と、除電針9にLowレベルの除電バイアス電圧が印加される(S102)。次に、制御手段200はクロックパルス発生器とカウンタを用いて、転写材14の先端部がセンサレバー21に到達した時点(t2)から、所定時間(例えば100ms)毎に、この各所定時間内でのセンサ信号のON時間TonとOFF時間Toffをモニター開始し、ON時間の加算を開始する(S103)。制御手段は演算回路により各所定時間内におけるON時間の、この所定時間に対する割合Hを算出する(S104)。ON時間の割合Hが所定閾値(例えば0.6)を超えたか否かを比較器を用いて判定し(S105)、判定結果に基づいて除電針9に印加する除電バイアス電圧のレベルを設定する。転写材14の搬送高さが基準高さよりも高いON時間の割合Hが0.6を超えた場合には、搬送高さが高くなる傾向の方が逆の傾向よりも強い状態にあり、除電位置における転写材14に対する除電作用が弱くなる傾向となっているので、除電バイアス電圧をHighレベルへ切り換え、除電作用を強める(S106)。逆に割合Hが0.6より小さい場合には、転写材14が搬送ガイド16からそれほど浮き上がっていないので、除電バイアス電圧をLowレベルのままとする(S107)。これらを転写材14の後端がセンサレバー21を通過するまで繰り返す(S108)。転写材14の後端がセンサレバー21に到達する(t3)と、除電バイアス電圧が0Vになるように制御する(S109)。 In the following, the method of controlling the static elimination bias voltage in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5 in addition to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart in the present embodiment. First, the discharge bias voltage is not applied to the charge removal needle 9 until there is a print instruction and the leading end of the transfer material 14 reaches the charge removal position (S101). When the leading end of the transfer material 14 reaches the static elimination position (t1), a low level static elimination bias voltage is applied to the static elimination needle 9 (S102). Next, the control means 200 uses a clock pulse generator and a counter, and at a predetermined time (for example, 100 ms) within each predetermined time from the time (t2) when the leading end of the transfer material 14 reaches the sensor lever 21. Monitoring of the sensor signal ON time Ton and OFF time Toff is started, and addition of the ON time is started (S103). The control means calculates a ratio H of the ON time in each predetermined time to the predetermined time by the arithmetic circuit (S104). It is determined using a comparator whether or not the ON time ratio H exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example, 0.6) (S105), and the level of the neutralizing bias voltage applied to the neutralizing needle 9 is set based on the determination result. . When the ratio H of the ON time when the conveyance height of the transfer material 14 is higher than the reference height exceeds 0.6, the tendency that the conveyance height becomes higher is stronger than the opposite tendency, and the static elimination Since the neutralizing action on the transfer material 14 at the position tends to be weakened, the neutralizing bias voltage is switched to the high level to strengthen the neutralizing action (S106). On the other hand, when the ratio H is smaller than 0.6, the transfer material 14 is not so lifted from the transport guide 16, and therefore, the static elimination bias voltage remains at the low level (S107). These are repeated until the rear end of the transfer material 14 passes the sensor lever 21 (S108). When the rear end of the transfer material 14 reaches the sensor lever 21 (t3), the neutralization bias voltage is controlled to be 0V (S109).

上記のような制御方法を取ったのは以下の理由からである。本実施例は、搬送高さの検知結果に基づいて定着装置の駆動速度を制御する構成を含むので、転写材14の不要なループや過剰な引っ張り状態は形成されず、搬送高さは所定の範囲内に収まる。しかしながら、この所定の範囲内において、転写材14の搬送高さは、弱い除電バイアス電圧でも除電がなされる搬送高さと除電バイアス電圧を強く印加しなければ除電がなされない搬送高さとの間を頻繁に往復する状態となる。この往復頻度が多いため、本実施例では所定時間の中で搬送高さが高くなる傾向にあるのか、低くなる傾向があるのかを見極め、除電バイアス電圧制御を行うようにしている。   The reason why the above control method is adopted is as follows. Since the present embodiment includes a configuration for controlling the driving speed of the fixing device based on the detection result of the conveyance height, an unnecessary loop or excessive tension state of the transfer material 14 is not formed, and the conveyance height is set to a predetermined value. Within the range. However, within this predetermined range, the transfer height of the transfer material 14 is frequently between the transfer height at which static elimination is performed even with a weak static elimination bias voltage and the conveyance height at which static elimination is not performed unless a strong static elimination bias voltage is applied. It will be in the state of reciprocating. Since this reciprocation frequency is high, in this embodiment, it is determined whether or not the conveyance height tends to increase or decrease during a predetermined time, and the neutralization bias voltage control is performed.

なお、所定時間は100msに限らず、装置構成に応じて任意に設定可能である。前記実施例では所定時間内でのON信号時間を加算して、その結果に基づいて除電バイアス電圧を制御しているので、転写ニップ部と定着ニップ部間の距離、除電針の位置、転写材の種類、搬送速度等を勘案し、所定時間に対する信号加算時間の割合と搬送高さの傾向とに対応関係をつけることの出来る時間である範囲内で、出来るだけ短い時間時間とすることが、1枚の転写材に対する除電バイアス電圧制御頻度を高くする上で好ましい。   The predetermined time is not limited to 100 ms and can be arbitrarily set according to the apparatus configuration. In the above embodiment, the ON signal time within a predetermined time is added, and the neutralization bias voltage is controlled based on the result. Therefore, the distance between the transfer nip portion and the fixing nip portion, the position of the neutralization needle, the transfer material In consideration of the type, transport speed, etc., it is possible to make the time as short as possible within the range where the correspondence of the ratio of the signal addition time to the predetermined time and the tendency of the transport height can be established, This is preferable for increasing the frequency of controlling the neutralizing bias voltage for one transfer material.

また、本実施例では閾値を0.6としている。尚、この値も装置構成に応じて任意に設定可能なものである。即ち、前記所定時間の長さ、転写ニップ部と定着ニップ部間の距離、除電針の位置、転写材の種類、搬送速度等を勘案し、所定時間に対する信号加算時間の割合と搬送高さの傾向とに対応関係をつけることの出来る範囲で閾値の値を設定すればよい。   In this embodiment, the threshold value is 0.6. This value can also be arbitrarily set according to the apparatus configuration. That is, considering the length of the predetermined time, the distance between the transfer nip portion and the fixing nip portion, the position of the static elimination needle, the type of transfer material, the conveyance speed, etc., the ratio of the signal addition time to the predetermined time and the conveyance height What is necessary is just to set the value of a threshold within the range which can make correspondence with a tendency.

また、本実施例ではON状態のセンサ出力信号を加算して、その加算時間の所定時間に対する割合を基に除電バイアス電圧を制御するものであるが、OFF状態センサ出力信号を加算して、その加算時間の所定時間に対する割合を基に除電バイアス電圧を制御するものであっても良い。   In this embodiment, the sensor output signal in the ON state is added, and the static elimination bias voltage is controlled based on the ratio of the addition time to the predetermined time. The static elimination bias voltage may be controlled based on the ratio of the addition time to the predetermined time.

表1は、低湿環境(10%RH)下における従来装置と本実施例の装置との「水玉」の発生具合を比較したものである。低湿環境では転写材14の抵抗値が高くなり、転写バイアス電圧印加により強く帯電して水玉が生じ易くなる。水玉が発生し易い従来装置は、搬送高さを検知し検知結果に基づいて定着装置の駆動速度を制御する構成を備え、除電バイアス電圧をLowレベル一定で印加する装置である。   Table 1 compares the occurrence of “polka dots” between the conventional apparatus and the apparatus of this example under a low humidity environment (10% RH). In a low-humidity environment, the resistance value of the transfer material 14 becomes high, and the transfer material 14 is strongly charged by applying a transfer bias voltage, and polka dots are easily generated. A conventional device that easily generates polka dots is a device that detects the conveyance height and controls the driving speed of the fixing device based on the detection result, and applies a static elimination bias voltage at a constant low level.

Figure 2008216468
Figure 2008216468

表1における転写材14の「前半部」とは、転写材搬送時、転写材14の先端部が定着ニップ部に挟持されたときの、定着ニップ部から除電位置までの部分を指し、「後半部」とは、転写材14の先端部が定着ニップ部に挟持されたときの、除電位置から転写材14の後端までの部分を指す。   The “first half portion” of the transfer material 14 in Table 1 refers to a portion from the fixing nip portion to the neutralization position when the leading end portion of the transfer material 14 is nipped by the fixing nip portion during conveyance of the transfer material. “Part” refers to a portion from the charge removal position to the rear end of the transfer material 14 when the leading end of the transfer material 14 is sandwiched by the fixing nip portion.

従来例では、転写材が加熱定着装置17に到達した後、転写材搬送高さが変化するため、部分的に画像不良である「水玉」が確認された(表1後半部)が、本実施例では、搬送高さ変化に応じて適正な除電が行われているため、「水玉」は確認されない。   In the conventional example, since the transfer material conveyance height changes after the transfer material reaches the heat fixing device 17, “polka dots” that are partially image defects were confirmed (the latter part of Table 1). In the example, since the appropriate charge removal is performed according to the change in the conveyance height, “polka dots” are not confirmed.

このように、転写材14の搬送高さに応じて除電バイアス電圧を変化させることにより、適正な除電が行えるので、水玉の発生を抑制できる。   Thus, by changing the charge removal bias voltage in accordance with the transport height of the transfer material 14, appropriate charge removal can be performed, so that the generation of polka dots can be suppressed.

また、除電針9に印加する除電バイアス電圧は、High/Lowの2段階だけでなく、さらに多くの段階を設定し、所定時間内におけるセンサ出力信号ON状態(若しくはOFF状態)の時間割合も2区分ではなく更に多くの区分に分け、各区分毎に異なるレベルの除電バイアス電圧を設定するようにしても良い。   Further, the static elimination bias voltage applied to the static elimination needle 9 is set not only in two stages of High / Low but also in many stages, and the time ratio of the sensor output signal ON state (or OFF state) within a predetermined time is also 2 It may be divided into more sections instead of sections, and different levels of static elimination bias voltage may be set for each section.

(実施例2)
次に、本発明の第2の実施例について説明する。なお、実施例1で説明した同一機能を有する部材には同一符号を付し、説明を省略する。第2の実施例が第1の実施例と異なる点は、第2の実施例が転写材搬送高さに応じて定着装置の駆動速度を制御する構成を備えていない点である。また、第2の実施例は、転写材の両面に印字が可能な画像形成装置に本発明を適用したものである。
(Example 2)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member which has the same function demonstrated in Example 1, and description is abbreviate | omitted. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the second embodiment does not have a configuration for controlling the driving speed of the fixing device in accordance with the transfer material conveyance height. In the second embodiment, the present invention is applied to an image forming apparatus capable of printing on both surfaces of a transfer material.

本実施例は、検知手段として搬送コロ部材23を用いる。図6に示す様に、この搬送コロ部材23は除電針9直後に設置されており、搬送コロの回転周期から転写材14の搬送高さを検知し、検知結果に応じて除電バイアス電圧を制御する。   In the present embodiment, the conveying roller member 23 is used as the detecting means. As shown in FIG. 6, this conveyance roller member 23 is installed immediately after the static elimination needle 9, detects the conveyance height of the transfer material 14 from the rotation period of the conveyance roller, and controls the neutralization bias voltage according to the detection result. To do.

図7は、搬送コロ23を拡大した断面図である。搬送コロ23は回転側面に空孔(スリット)23cを備えており、回転軸23aを中心に回転する。本実施例の検知手段は、前記搬送コロ23とフォトインタラプタ22とを組立てて構成されている。搬送コロ23は、転写材の搬送に対して従動回転しやすくするために、転写材と接する面23bにローレットが設けられている。   FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the transport roller 23. The conveyance roller 23 includes a hole (slit) 23c on the rotation side surface, and rotates around the rotation shaft 23a. The detection means of this embodiment is constructed by assembling the transport roller 23 and the photo interrupter 22. The conveyance roller 23 is provided with a knurl on a surface 23b in contact with the transfer material so that the transfer roller 23 can be easily rotated following the transfer of the transfer material.

搬送コロ23は、転写材14の搬送高さが低いとき転写材14に対して従動回転する。搬送高さが高いとき、搬送コロ23と転写材14とは非接触の状態となるため、搬送コロ23は回転しない。   The conveyance roller 23 is driven to rotate relative to the transfer material 14 when the transfer height of the transfer material 14 is low. When the conveyance height is high, the conveyance roller 23 and the transfer material 14 are not in contact with each other, so the conveyance roller 23 does not rotate.

次に前記搬送コロ23の回転の検知方法について説明する。フォトインタラプタ23の発光素子から発せられた光が前記空孔23cを通過し、受光素子で受光されるとき、ONの出力信号を出力する。また、発光素子から発せられた光が搬送コロ23の空孔以外の部分で遮光されるとき、OFFの出力信号を出力する。図8の本実施例における制御シーケンスチャートに示されるように、搬送コロ23が回転すると、フォトインタラプタはONとOFFの信号を繰り返し出力することになる。制御手段200は、前記検知手段からのON又はOFFの出力信号を受けて、ON状態となる間隔から搬送コロ23の回転周期Tを求める。前記回転周期Tが所定の周期Tcの範囲内である(0<T<Tc)とき、搬送コロ23が転写材14に対して従動回転しているので搬送高さが低くなっていると判断し、除電バイアス電圧を弱く制御する。一方、搬送コロ23の回転が停止しているか、回転していても前記回転周期Tが前記所定の周期Tcの範囲内に収まっていない場合(T=0、又はTc<T)、前記回転周期Tが所定の周期Tcの範囲外であることから搬送高さが高くなっていると判断し、除電バイアス電圧を強く制御する。   Next, a method for detecting the rotation of the conveying roller 23 will be described. When the light emitted from the light emitting element of the photo interrupter 23 passes through the hole 23c and is received by the light receiving element, an ON output signal is output. Further, when the light emitted from the light emitting element is blocked by a portion other than the hole of the transport roller 23, an OFF output signal is output. As shown in the control sequence chart in this embodiment of FIG. 8, when the transport roller 23 rotates, the photo interrupter repeatedly outputs ON and OFF signals. The control means 200 receives the ON or OFF output signal from the detection means, and obtains the rotation period T of the transport roller 23 from the interval at which it is turned on. When the rotation period T is within the range of the predetermined period Tc (0 <T <Tc), it is determined that the conveyance height is low because the conveyance roller 23 is driven to rotate with respect to the transfer material 14. The discharge bias voltage is controlled to be weak. On the other hand, when the rotation of the transport roller 23 is stopped or is rotating, the rotation cycle T is not within the predetermined cycle Tc (T = 0 or Tc <T). Since T is outside the range of the predetermined cycle Tc, it is determined that the conveyance height is high, and the neutralization bias voltage is strongly controlled.

なお、図7においては、空孔23cは一箇所にしか設けられていないが、前記ON状態の検知頻度を上げるために、空孔を複数個にしてもよい。空孔を複数個設けることによって、より詳細な回転周期Tの変化の検知が可能となり、1枚の転写材に対する除電バイアス電圧の制御頻度を高めることができる。   In FIG. 7, the hole 23c is provided only at one place, but a plurality of holes may be provided in order to increase the frequency of detecting the ON state. By providing a plurality of holes, a more detailed change in the rotation period T can be detected, and the control frequency of the neutralization bias voltage for one transfer material can be increased.

前記所定の周期Tcの設定は、装置構成に応じて任意に設定可能である。即ち、搬送コロの径の長さ、搬送コロの質量、空孔の数、除電針の位置、転写材の種類、搬送速度等を勘案し、搬送コロの回転周期Tと搬送高さの傾向とに対応関係をつけることの出来る範囲で所定の周期Tcを設定すればよい。   The predetermined period Tc can be set arbitrarily according to the device configuration. That is, taking into account the length of the diameter of the conveying roller, the mass of the conveying roller, the number of holes, the position of the static elimination needle, the type of transfer material, the conveying speed, etc., the rotation period T of the conveying roller and the tendency of the conveying height A predetermined period Tc may be set within a range in which a correspondence relationship can be established.

図9は本実施例におけるフローチャートである。まず、プリント指示があり、転写材14が除電位置に到達するまでは、除電針9にバイアスは印加されない(S201)。その後、転写材先端部が除電位置に到達すると、除電針9にLowレベルの除電バイアス電圧が印加される(S202)。転写材14が除電位置に到達するタイミングは実施例1と同様に、レジストローラ15と除電位置との間の距離と、転写材14の搬送速度とから求められる。フォトインタラプタがON状態となると搬送コロ23の回転周期Tの検知が開始される(S203からS204)。検知前に空孔が光を通過させる位置(ON状態)に停止していた場合は、ON状態からOFF状態となると検知が開始される。検知結果を受けて回転周期Tが所定の周期Tc範囲内であるか否かを比較器を用いて判断する(S205)。回転周期Tが所定の周期Tcの範囲内であるとき、制御手段200は除電バイアス電圧をLowレベルに制御する(S206)。一方、回転周期Tが所定の周期Tcの範囲外であるとき除電バイアス電圧をHighレベルに制御する(S207)。これらを転写材14の後端が除電位置を通過するまで繰り返す(S208)。転写材14の後端が搬送コロ23に到達すると、除電バイアス電圧が0Vになるように制御する(S209)。   FIG. 9 is a flowchart in this embodiment. First, no bias is applied to the charge eliminating needle 9 until there is a print instruction and the transfer material 14 reaches the charge removal position (S201). Thereafter, when the leading end of the transfer material reaches the neutralization position, a low level neutralization bias voltage is applied to the neutralization needle 9 (S202). The timing at which the transfer material 14 reaches the charge removal position is obtained from the distance between the registration roller 15 and the charge removal position and the transfer speed of the transfer material 14 as in the first embodiment. When the photo interrupter is turned on, detection of the rotation period T of the transport roller 23 is started (S203 to S204). If the hole has stopped at a position (ON state) through which light passes before detection, detection starts when the ON state changes to the OFF state. Based on the detection result, it is determined using the comparator whether or not the rotation period T is within a predetermined period Tc range (S205). When the rotation period T is within the range of the predetermined period Tc, the control unit 200 controls the static elimination bias voltage to a low level (S206). On the other hand, when the rotation cycle T is outside the range of the predetermined cycle Tc, the static elimination bias voltage is controlled to a high level (S207). These are repeated until the rear end of the transfer material 14 passes through the neutralization position (S208). When the rear end of the transfer material 14 reaches the conveying roller 23, the neutralization bias voltage is controlled to be 0V (S209).

表2は、水玉が発生し易い低湿環境(10%RH)下における従来装置と本実施例の装置との「水玉」の発生具合を比較したものである。従来装置は、加熱定着装置の駆動速度は一定であり、且つ除電バイアス電圧をLowレベル一定で印加する装置であり、水玉が発生し易い。また、2面目の印字の際に、転写ニップ部から転写材がカールした状態で排出され、転写材の搬送高さが高くなり水玉が発生し易い。   Table 2 compares the occurrence of “polka dots” between the conventional apparatus and the apparatus of this example in a low-humidity environment (10% RH) where polka dots are easily generated. The conventional device is a device that applies a static elimination bias voltage at a constant low level with a constant driving speed of the heat fixing device, and is likely to generate polka dots. Further, when printing on the second surface, the transfer material is discharged in a curled state from the transfer nip portion, and the transfer material conveyance height increases, and polka dots are easily generated.

Figure 2008216468
Figure 2008216468

従来例では、転写材14が加熱定着装置に到達した後、転写材搬送高さが変化するため、「水玉」が確認された(表2中1面目後半部及び2面目)が、本実施例では、搬送高さ変化に応じて適正な除電が行われているため、「水玉」は確認されない。   In the conventional example, since the transfer material conveyance height changes after the transfer material 14 reaches the heat fixing device, “polka dots” were confirmed (the second half of the first surface and the second surface in Table 2). Then, since appropriate static elimination is performed according to the change in the conveyance height, “polka dots” are not confirmed.

このように、転写材14の搬送高さに応じて除電バイアス電圧を変化させることにより、適正な除電が行えるので、「水玉」の発生を抑制できる。   In this manner, by changing the static elimination bias voltage according to the conveyance height of the transfer material 14, appropriate static elimination can be performed, so that the generation of “polka dots” can be suppressed.

尚、2面目先端部が除電位置に到達したときに、予め除電バイアス電圧を強いレベルから除電を開始し、回転コロ部材23の検知結果に応じて除電バイアス電圧を制御するようにしても良い。なぜなら、カールした状態で排出され搬送高さが高い状態で2面目の先端部が除電位置に到達することがあるからである。   When the leading end of the second surface reaches the static elimination position, the static elimination bias voltage may be started in advance from a strong level, and the static elimination bias voltage may be controlled according to the detection result of the rotary roller member 23. This is because the tip of the second surface may reach the static elimination position while being discharged in a curled state and having a high conveyance height.

以上のように、本実施例では、除電針9に近接した位置において、転写材14の搬送高さが変化したか検知するように構成したので、実施例1に比べ、転写材14のほぼ全領域において適正な除電をおこなうことができる。例えば、感光ドラム3に貼り付きながら分離されやすい薄紙や、両面プリント時の2面目先端部や後端部など、従来、「水玉」が発生しやすい条件にも対応できる。   As described above, in this embodiment, since it is configured to detect whether the transfer height of the transfer material 14 has changed at a position close to the static elimination needle 9, almost all of the transfer material 14 is compared with the first embodiment. Appropriate charge removal can be performed in the region. For example, it is possible to cope with conditions that are likely to cause “polka dots” conventionally, such as thin paper that is easily separated while sticking to the photosensitive drum 3, and the leading edge and the trailing edge of the second surface during duplex printing.

実施例ではセンサレバーとフォトインタラプタを組立てた検知手段、及び搬送コロとフォトインタラプタを組立てた検知手段について例示したが、その他、以下のような方法で搬送高さを検知しても良い。   In the embodiment, the detection means in which the sensor lever and the photo interrupter are assembled and the detection means in which the conveyance roller and the photo interrupter are assembled are exemplified. However, the conveyance height may be detected by the following method.

図11は、検知手段としてLEDなどの赤外発光素子51とフォトダイオード等の受光素子52とを用い、除電針9近傍の搬送ガイド内に設置した例である。発光素子51と受光素子52は、搬送中の転写材14からの反射光量を検知できる位置に設置し、受光素子が受ける反射光量の変化から、除電針9と転写材14の遠近変化を判断する。この検知手段は転写材と非接触状態で搬送高さを検知できるため、検知手段を転写材の裏面に対向する側だけでなく、転写材の像担持面と対向する側にも設置可能である。この検出手段を採用したとき、図に示す様に、転写材搬送高さの連続的な変化を検出し、その転写材搬送高さの連続的な変化に応じて、除電バイアス電圧を連続的に変化させるように制御を行えば、より精度の高い除電を行うことができる。   FIG. 11 shows an example in which an infrared light emitting element 51 such as an LED and a light receiving element 52 such as a photodiode are used as detection means and are installed in a conveyance guide near the static elimination needle 9. The light emitting element 51 and the light receiving element 52 are installed at a position where the amount of reflected light from the transfer material 14 being conveyed can be detected, and the perspective change of the charge removal needle 9 and the transfer material 14 is determined from the change in the amount of reflected light received by the light receiving element. . Since the detection means can detect the conveyance height in a non-contact state with the transfer material, the detection means can be installed not only on the side facing the back surface of the transfer material but also on the side facing the image carrying surface of the transfer material. . When this detection means is adopted, as shown in the figure, a continuous change in the transfer material conveyance height is detected, and the static elimination bias voltage is continuously applied according to the continuous change in the transfer material conveyance height. If the control is performed so as to be changed, it is possible to perform static elimination with higher accuracy.

以上、本発明は、上記実施例に拘束されるものではなく、同じ技術思想を有するものであれば、応用がきくことは言うまでもない。例えば、トナー像を担持する中間転写体から転写材に転写する二次転写を行い、中間転写体と転写部材が形成する転写ニップ部を有する転写装置と、定着ニップ部とを有する加熱定着装置とを有し、転写転写工程と加熱定着工程との間で転写材の搬送高さが変化する画像形成装置に対しても、本発明は適用可能である。   As mentioned above, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be applied as long as it has the same technical idea. For example, a transfer device having a transfer nip portion formed by an intermediate transfer member and a transfer member, which performs secondary transfer to be transferred from an intermediate transfer member carrying a toner image to a transfer material, and a heat fixing device having a fixing nip portion The present invention can also be applied to an image forming apparatus in which the transfer material transport height varies between the transfer transfer process and the heat fixing process.

本発明の実施例に係わる画像形成装置の断面図である。1 is a cross-sectional view of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第1の実施例における画像形成装置の転写装置から加熱定着装置にわたる搬送経路を拡大した断面図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a conveyance path from the transfer device to the heat fixing device of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第1の実施例における検知手段であるところのセンサレバーとフォトインタラプタを拡大した図である。It is the figure which expanded the sensor lever and photo interrupter which are the detection means in 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例におけるフォトインタラプタの検知結果、定着モーター速度、除電バイアス電圧の時間変化を示したシーケンスチャートである。6 is a sequence chart showing temporal changes in photointerrupter detection results, fixing motor speed, and static elimination bias voltage in the first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第1の実施例における制御フローを示した図である。It is the figure which showed the control flow in 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施例における画像形成装置の転写装置から加熱定着装置にわたる搬送経路を拡大した断面図である。FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a conveyance path from a transfer device to a heat fixing device of an image forming apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第2の実施例における検知手段であるところの搬送コロ断面を拡大した図である。It is the figure which expanded the conveyance roller cross section which is a detection means in the 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施例におけるフォトインタラプタの検知結果、及び除電バイアス電圧の時間変化を示したシーケンスチャートである。It is the sequence chart which showed the detection result of the photo interrupter in the 2nd Example of this invention, and the time change of a static elimination bias voltage. 本発明の第2の実施例における制御フローを示した図である。It is the figure which showed the control flow in the 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第1及び第2の実施例におけるフィルム定着装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the film fixing apparatus in the 1st and 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第1及び第2の実施例において、検知手段としてLEDなどの赤外発光素子51とフォトダイオード等の受光素子52とを用いた例である。In the first and second embodiments of the present invention, an infrared light emitting element 51 such as an LED and a light receiving element 52 such as a photodiode are used as detection means.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

3 感光体ドラム
7 転写ローラ
9 除電針
14 転写材
16 搬送ガイド
20 フォトインタラプタ(搬送高さ変化検知手段)
21 センサレバー(搬送高さ変化検知手段)
30 加熱部材
31 加圧部材
200 除電バイアス電圧制御手段
Nt 転写ニップ部
Nf 定着ニップ部
M 定着装置駆動モーター
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Photosensitive drum 7 Transfer roller 9 Static elimination needle 14 Transfer material 16 Conveyance guide 20 Photo interrupter (conveyance height change detection means)
21 Sensor lever (Transport height change detection means)
30 Heating member 31 Pressure member 200 Static elimination bias voltage control means Nt Transfer nip portion Nf Fixing nip portion M Fixing device drive motor

Claims (3)

トナー像を担持して回転する像担持体と、
転写材を前記像担持体とで挟持する転写ニップ部を形成し、回転する転写部材であって、この転写ニップ部において転写材にトナーと逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加して、前記像担持体に担持されたトナー像を転写材上に転写する転写部材と、
各々回転する加熱部材と加圧部材とで前記転写材を挟持する定着ニップ部を形成し、この定着ニップ部において転写材上のトナー像を熱定着する加熱定着手段と、
転写材の裏面が接触可能に配置され、前記転写ニップを出た転写材を前記定着ニップの方へガイドするガイド部材と、
前記転写ニップ部とガイド部材の間の位置で転写材の面に対向するように配置され、転写材に帯電した電荷を除電する除電部材と、
この除電部材に転写材の電荷を除電するための除電バイアス電圧を印加する電源と、
を有する画像形成装置において、
前記除電部材と前記定着ニップ部との間の検知位置で転写材の搬送高さを検知する検知手段と、
前記検知手段の検知結果に基づいて前記除電バイアス電圧を制御する除電バイアス電圧制御手段と、
を有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
An image carrier that carries and rotates a toner image;
A transfer nip that forms a transfer nip portion that sandwiches the transfer material with the image carrier, and is a rotating transfer member. In this transfer nip portion, a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of toner is applied to the transfer material to A transfer member for transferring a toner image carried on the body onto a transfer material;
A heating and fixing unit that forms a fixing nip portion that sandwiches the transfer material by a rotating heating member and a pressure member, and thermally fixes a toner image on the transfer material in the fixing nip portion;
A guide member that is disposed so that the back surface of the transfer material can be contacted, and guides the transfer material that has exited the transfer nip toward the fixing nip; and
A neutralizing member that is disposed so as to face the surface of the transfer material at a position between the transfer nip portion and the guide member, and neutralizes charges charged on the transfer material;
A power source for applying a neutralizing bias voltage for neutralizing the charge of the transfer material to the neutralizing member;
In an image forming apparatus having
A detecting means for detecting a conveying height of the transfer material at a detection position between the static eliminating member and the fixing nip portion;
A static elimination bias voltage control means for controlling the static elimination bias voltage based on a detection result of the detection means;
An image forming apparatus comprising:
前記除電バイアス電圧制御手段は、前記検知位置での搬送高さが基準高さ以上となる所定時間内における時間割合が所定の割合以上となるとき除電バイアス電圧を強く制御し、所定の割合未満となるとき除電バイアス電圧を弱く制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像形成装置。   The static elimination bias voltage control means strongly controls the static elimination bias voltage when a time ratio within a predetermined time when the conveyance height at the detection position is equal to or higher than a reference height is equal to or higher than a predetermined ratio, and is less than a predetermined ratio. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the neutralizing bias voltage is controlled to be weak. 前記検知手段は、搬送される転写材の裏面と接触して従動回転する回転体を有し、前記回転体の回転周期を検知する検知手段であって、
前記除電バイアス電圧制御手段は、前記回転体の回転周期が所定の周期の範囲以内である場合、除電バイアス電圧を弱く制御し、前記回転体の回転周期が所定の周期の範囲外である場合、除電バイアス電圧を強く制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像形成装置。
The detecting means includes a rotating body that rotates in contact with the back surface of the transfer material to be conveyed, and detects the rotation period of the rotating body,
The static elimination bias voltage control means controls the static elimination bias voltage to be weak when the rotation cycle of the rotating body is within a predetermined cycle range, and when the rotation cycle of the rotary body is out of the predetermined cycle range, The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the neutralizing bias voltage is strongly controlled.
JP2007051578A 2007-03-01 2007-03-01 Image forming apparatus Pending JP2008216468A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014106466A (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-09 Kyocera Document Solutions Inc Image forming apparatus
JP2014215539A (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-11-17 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Image forming apparatus
US9037014B2 (en) 2013-03-26 2015-05-19 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus
US9188910B2 (en) 2013-03-26 2015-11-17 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus including intermediate transfer body with adjustable tension
US9377722B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-06-28 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Destaticizing device and image forming apparatus
WO2017138669A1 (en) * 2016-02-10 2017-08-17 キヤノン株式会社 Image-forming device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014106466A (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-09 Kyocera Document Solutions Inc Image forming apparatus
US9037014B2 (en) 2013-03-26 2015-05-19 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus
US9188910B2 (en) 2013-03-26 2015-11-17 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus including intermediate transfer body with adjustable tension
US9429881B2 (en) 2013-03-26 2016-08-30 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus with movable surface-positioning member
JP2014215539A (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-11-17 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Image forming apparatus
US9377722B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-06-28 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Destaticizing device and image forming apparatus
WO2017138669A1 (en) * 2016-02-10 2017-08-17 キヤノン株式会社 Image-forming device

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