JP2008211925A - Piezoelectric power generation device - Google Patents

Piezoelectric power generation device Download PDF

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JP2008211925A
JP2008211925A JP2007047066A JP2007047066A JP2008211925A JP 2008211925 A JP2008211925 A JP 2008211925A JP 2007047066 A JP2007047066 A JP 2007047066A JP 2007047066 A JP2007047066 A JP 2007047066A JP 2008211925 A JP2008211925 A JP 2008211925A
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piezoelectric
holding member
piezoelectric element
plate
power generation
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Rei Eriguchi
玲 江里口
Shinji Nagaoka
真二 長岡
Shoichi Ogawa
彰一 小川
Tomoyoshi Kato
友好 加藤
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
NTK Ceratec Co Ltd
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Nihon Ceratec Co Ltd
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a piezoelectric power generation device converting energy such as very weak vibration energy generated by natural forces or human forces and comparatively large mechanical energy into electric energy. <P>SOLUTION: This device comprises piezoelectric elements, having an approximately rectangular shape or an approximately fan shape, having piezoelectric plates and reinforcement plates, arranged in a polarized manner in the thickness direction along the longitudinal direction or radial direction of the reinforcement plates, and having piezoelectric plates attached thereto; a holding member, which fixes and holds one ends of the longitudinal direction or radial direction of the reinforcement plates; and an elastomer in contact with the holding member. The other ends of the longitudinal direction or radial direction of the reinforcement plates are opened. When the elastomer is displaced by an external force applied to the holding member or the elastomer, the external force is removed. When the elastomer is restored to its original shape, the piezoelectric elements carry out damping oscillation. Thus, electric energy can be obtained by the displacement of the piezoelectric elements. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、振動等の機械的エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する圧電発電装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a piezoelectric power generation device that converts mechanical energy such as vibration into electrical energy.

近年、二酸化炭素等による地球温暖化を抑制するために、化石燃料を用いず、風力、水力、等の自然力を利用した圧電発電装置が注目されている。例えば、実用化されている風力発電装置は、プロペラを風力で回転させてモータを回し、電磁誘導で発電する。しかし、これらは、装置が大型であってコストが高い、設置場所が限定される、所定の広さと設置間隔を必要とする等の問題があった。   In recent years, in order to suppress global warming due to carbon dioxide or the like, a piezoelectric power generation apparatus that uses natural forces such as wind power and hydraulic power without using fossil fuels has attracted attention. For example, a wind power generator that has been put into practical use generates electric power by electromagnetic induction by rotating a propeller with wind power and rotating a motor. However, these have problems that the apparatus is large and expensive, the installation location is limited, and a predetermined area and installation interval are required.

そこで、圧電素子による発電が注目される。この技術に関し、特許文献1には、外部からの水平の保持力によって、凸に屈曲した圧電素子と、前記圧電素子を屈曲自在に保持する保持部材と、弾性体と、を有する発電素子で、前記圧電素子の凸状部分に外力を印加することにより前記弾性体が前記圧電素子から押圧されて縮み、凹に屈曲した圧電素子へと屈曲する際、および、前記圧電素子に印加されている外力が取り除かれて、前記弾性体が元の形状に戻るとともに該凹に屈曲した圧電素子が、凸に屈曲した圧電素子へと復元する際に、屈曲して発電することを特徴とする発電装置、が開示されている。   Therefore, power generation by a piezoelectric element is attracting attention. With regard to this technology, Patent Document 1 discloses a power generation element having a piezoelectric element bent in a convex shape by a horizontal holding force from the outside, a holding member that holds the piezoelectric element so as to be bent, and an elastic body. By applying an external force to the convex portion of the piezoelectric element, the elastic body is pressed from the piezoelectric element and contracts to bend into a piezoelectric element bent into a concave, and the external force applied to the piezoelectric element Is removed, and when the elastic element returns to its original shape and the piezoelectric element bent in the concave is restored to the piezoelectric element bent in the convex, the power generation apparatus is bent to generate power, Is disclosed.

特許3768520号公報Japanese Patent No. 3768520

この発電装置は、ある閾値を持つ機械的エネルギーに対して、瞬間的に大きな起電力を得られる利点があるが、凸に屈曲させた圧電素子を凹に屈曲させることのできないより小さな機械的エネルギーについては、電気的エネルギーに変換させにくい面もあるという不利な点があった。 This power generation device has the advantage that a large electromotive force can be obtained instantaneously with respect to mechanical energy having a certain threshold, but a smaller mechanical energy that cannot bend a convex piezoelectric element into a concave. There was a disadvantage that there were some aspects that were difficult to convert into electrical energy.

本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、自然の力または人為的な力によって発生する微弱な振動エネルギーから比較的大きな機械的エネルギーを効率よく電気エネルギーに変換することができる圧電発電装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a piezoelectric power generator capable of efficiently converting relatively large mechanical energy into electric energy from weak vibration energy generated by natural force or artificial force. The purpose is to provide.

圧電板と補強板とを有する略矩形状又は略扇形状圧電素子であって、前記補強板の長手方向又は半径方向に沿って、その厚み方向に分極されて配置され、貼着された圧電板を含む圧電素子と、前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の一端を固定保持する保持部材と、保持部材に当接する弾性体とを有し、前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の他の一端は開放され、保持部材または弾性体に加えられる外力により、弾性体が変位する際、外力が取り除かれて、前記弾性体が元の形状に戻る際に、前記圧電素子が減衰振動し、圧電素子が変位することにより電気エネルギーが得られることを特徴とする圧電発電装置、を提供する。   A substantially rectangular or substantially fan-shaped piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric plate and a reinforcing plate, wherein the piezoelectric plate is arranged in a longitudinal direction or a radial direction of the reinforcing plate and is polarized in the thickness direction and attached. A piezoelectric element including: a holding member that fixes and holds one end of the piezoelectric element in the longitudinal direction or the radial direction; and an elastic body that contacts the holding member, and the other end in the longitudinal direction or the radial direction of the piezoelectric element. Is released, and when the elastic body is displaced by an external force applied to the holding member or the elastic body, the external force is removed, and when the elastic body returns to its original shape, the piezoelectric element dampens and vibrates. Disclosed is a piezoelectric power generator characterized in that electrical energy can be obtained by displacing.

更に、前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の他の一端に重石が装着されていることを特徴とする圧電発電装置、また、前期保持部材を円の中心に配置し、複数の略同一形状の圧電板が円の中心から放射状に配置されたことを特徴とする複数の圧電素子からなる圧電発電装置、を提供する。 Further, the piezoelectric power generation device, wherein a weight is attached to the other end of the piezoelectric element in the longitudinal direction or the radial direction, and the first holding member is disposed at the center of the circle, and a plurality of substantially the same shape Provided is a piezoelectric power generation device comprising a plurality of piezoelectric elements, wherein piezoelectric plates are arranged radially from the center of a circle.

本発明に係る圧電発電装置によれば、圧電素子の保持部に外力が負荷された際、圧電素子全体が移動する際、外力が取り除かれて、弾性体の復帰作用で逆方向に戻る際、更に無負荷状態で圧電素子の自由振動、外圧が周期的な力の場合は、引き続き振動が生起する際、起電力が発生する。従って、圧電素子自体の局部に応力が集中することなく、自然の力または人為的な力によって発生する微弱な振動エネルギーから比較的大きな振動エネルギーまで、広範囲の機械的エネルギーを効率よく電気エネルギーに変換することができる。更に、前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の他の一端に重石が装着されている場合は、重石の重さ、装着位置の調整により振動周期の制御及び発電周期の制御が容易となり、起電力の平滑度を上げることも可能である。更にまた、共通の保持部に圧電板の長さの異なる複数の圧電素子を積層等することにより、異なる周波数の起電力を生起させて、起電力の平滑度を上げ、高い発電効率を得ることができる。しかも、部品点数が比較的少なく、組み立てが容易である。   According to the piezoelectric power generation device according to the present invention, when an external force is applied to the holding portion of the piezoelectric element, when the entire piezoelectric element moves, the external force is removed, and when returning in the reverse direction by the restoring action of the elastic body, Further, in the case of free vibration of the piezoelectric element in a no-load state and a periodic external force, an electromotive force is generated when vibration continues. Therefore, a wide range of mechanical energy, from weak vibration energy generated by natural or artificial force to relatively large vibration energy, can be efficiently converted into electric energy without stress concentration on the local area of the piezoelectric element itself. can do. Furthermore, when a weight is attached to the other end in the longitudinal direction or the radial direction of the piezoelectric element, the control of the vibration cycle and the generation cycle can be facilitated by adjusting the weight of the weight and the attachment position. It is also possible to increase the smoothness. Furthermore, by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric elements having different piezoelectric plate lengths on a common holding part, the electromotive force of different frequencies is generated to increase the smoothness of the electromotive force and obtain high power generation efficiency. Can do. In addition, the number of parts is relatively small and assembly is easy.

また、圧電素子の一端が、外力が直接作用しない固定状態であり、他端が自由端であるので、突発的な大きな変位に対しても圧電部の一部に大きな負荷のかかりにくく、発電部が破損することがない。 Also, since one end of the piezoelectric element is in a fixed state where no external force acts directly, and the other end is a free end, it is difficult to apply a large load to a part of the piezoelectric part even when suddenly large displacement occurs. Will not be damaged.

また、本発明のシステムでは、構造物に生ずる振動によって力が発生する部分に発電装置を配置すると、この力を有効に利用でき、稼働率、発電効率がいっそう高まる。化石燃料、原子力等の資源に頼らない、未利用のエネルギーの有効活用が可能となる。 In the system of the present invention, if a power generation device is arranged in a portion where a force is generated by vibration generated in a structure, this force can be used effectively, and the operating rate and power generation efficiency are further increased. Effective use of unused energy is possible without relying on resources such as fossil fuels and nuclear power.

図1に圧電発電装置100の概略構造を示す断面図を示す。図2に圧電発電装置100の概略平面図を示す。この圧電発電装置100は、矩形状の圧電板11と矩形状の補強板12とを貼り合わせてなる圧電素子10、10´と、保持部20と、弾性体部30と、から構成される。矩形状の圧電素子10、10´の一端を保持部材21に固着する。他の一端には、重石13、13´を固着している。即ち、保持部材21は、同時に別の矩形状圧電素子10´を保持している。圧電素子10と圧電素子10´は保持部材21の略中心を略円の中心としてその半径方向に位置し、前記円の直径位置となっている。また、圧電素子10´の他の先端にも重石13´が固着されている。保持部材21の平面形状は任意でよいが、正方形、正多角形等の形状が好ましい。圧電部分が対称性を有し、振動のバランスがとれるからである。保持部材21の中心部から細長円柱状の延長部22、22´を補強板12の垂直方向に延ばし、或いは配置している。圧電素子10、10´、保持部20は、筐体又はフレーム41、41´、42に納めている。延長部を筐体又はフレーム41、41´に穿孔した孔部から可動に突出させ、圧電素子が筐体又はフレームに対して位置を変化させることができる。保持部材の延長部22には、外力が印加されやすいようにボタン部23を固着させている。保持部材21とフレーム41´の間には、螺旋状の金属ばね(以下、コイルバネ)30を延長部22´を囲みこむように装着し、コイルバネ30は、ボタン部からの外力による保持部材の移動に抗し、保持部と圧電素子をもとの位置に復元させる。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100. FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100. The piezoelectric power generation device 100 includes piezoelectric elements 10 and 10 ′ formed by bonding a rectangular piezoelectric plate 11 and a rectangular reinforcing plate 12, a holding unit 20, and an elastic body unit 30. One ends of the rectangular piezoelectric elements 10 and 10 ′ are fixed to the holding member 21. The other end is fixed with a heavy stone 13, 13 '. That is, the holding member 21 simultaneously holds another rectangular piezoelectric element 10 ′. The piezoelectric element 10 and the piezoelectric element 10 ′ are positioned in the radial direction with the approximate center of the holding member 21 as the center of the approximate circle, and the diameter of the circle. Also, a weight 13 'is fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric element 10'. The planar shape of the holding member 21 may be arbitrary, but a shape such as a square or a regular polygon is preferable. This is because the piezoelectric portion has symmetry and vibration can be balanced. From the center of the holding member 21, elongated columnar extensions 22, 22 'are extended or arranged in the vertical direction of the reinforcing plate 12. The piezoelectric elements 10 and 10 ′ and the holding unit 20 are housed in housings or frames 41, 41 ′ and 42. The extension portion can be movably protruded from a hole formed in the housing or frame 41, 41 'so that the position of the piezoelectric element relative to the housing or the frame can be changed. A button portion 23 is fixed to the extension portion 22 of the holding member so that an external force is easily applied. Between the holding member 21 and the frame 41 ′, a helical metal spring (hereinafter referred to as a coil spring) 30 is mounted so as to surround the extension 22 ′, and the coil spring 30 can move the holding member by an external force from the button portion. The holding part and the piezoelectric element are restored to their original positions.

保持部材21には、弾性体を当接させ、弾性体を筐体又はフレームで保持または固着させる。保持部材21に所定圧力が印加されているときは、この圧力に抗するように予圧機構と復元用の弾性体30を併用することもできる。又、予圧と印加される負荷を弾性体30の復元力とバランスさせても良い。   An elastic body is brought into contact with the holding member 21, and the elastic body is held or fixed by a housing or a frame. When a predetermined pressure is applied to the holding member 21, the preload mechanism and the restoring elastic body 30 can be used together to resist this pressure. Further, the preload and the applied load may be balanced with the restoring force of the elastic body 30.

圧電板11は、矩形状の圧電セラミックスの表裏面に電極膜(図示せず)が形成された構造を有し、圧電板の圧電セラミックスは厚み方向に分極されている。圧電板11は樹脂接着剤を用いて、補強板12に接着されている。なお、圧電セラミックスの代わりに圧電ポリマーを用いてもよい。圧電板の形状はこれに限定されるものでなく、例えば、略扇形状、正方形の圧電セラミックス板でよく、圧電セラミックス板と金属板、プラスチック等の補強板(以下、補強板12)とを貼り合わせた構造を有するもの(例えば、電気編み機の運針駆動部、圧電スピーカの圧電音響素子に相当するものや、これらをユニモルフ素子、バイモルフ素子として構成するもの)を用いることができる。バイモルフ素子にあっては、分極方向が同一のパラレルタイプまたは、逆向きのシリーズタイプの両タイプを好適に用いることができる。また、圧電素子の材質は、特に問わないが、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛、チタン酸バリウム等のセラミックスを用いることができ、有機ポリマーの圧電材料、たとえば、ポリビニリデンジフルオライド、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを用いることもできる。   The piezoelectric plate 11 has a structure in which electrode films (not shown) are formed on the front and back surfaces of a rectangular piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic of the piezoelectric plate is polarized in the thickness direction. The piezoelectric plate 11 is bonded to the reinforcing plate 12 using a resin adhesive. A piezoelectric polymer may be used instead of the piezoelectric ceramic. The shape of the piezoelectric plate is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a substantially fan-shaped or square piezoelectric ceramic plate. A piezoelectric ceramic plate and a reinforcing plate such as a metal plate or plastic (hereinafter referred to as a reinforcing plate 12) are attached. Those having a combined structure (for example, one corresponding to a needle driving unit of an electric knitting machine, a piezoelectric acoustic element of a piezoelectric speaker, or one configured as a unimorph element or a bimorph element) can be used. In the bimorph element, both the parallel type with the same polarization direction or the series type with the opposite direction can be preferably used. The material of the piezoelectric element is not particularly limited, and ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate can be used, and an organic polymer piezoelectric material such as polyvinylidene difluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride is used. You can also.

補強板12は、金属または樹脂の少なくとも一方からなり、圧電板11を装着するため、これより大きく、例えば、長い矩形状等、を有している。補強板12として樹脂からなるものを用いる場合には、圧電板11からの電極リード(図示せず)の取り出しを容易とするために、圧電板11と貼り合わされる面に、金属箔が設けられているものを用いることが好ましい。   The reinforcing plate 12 is made of at least one of metal and resin, and is larger than the reinforcing plate 12 for mounting the piezoelectric plate 11, for example, has a long rectangular shape. In the case where a resin plate is used as the reinforcing plate 12, a metal foil is provided on the surface to be bonded to the piezoelectric plate 11 in order to facilitate removal of electrode leads (not shown) from the piezoelectric plate 11. It is preferable to use what is.

保持部20は、延長部22、22´、ボタン部を含み、例えば、ボルト(図示せず)による結合により一体化される。また圧電素子部に過度の変位が生じないように、ストッパー23を取り付けることもできる。ストッパー23は、外力印加時に、ボタン部自体がフレーム上部41に触れても良く、復元時には、保持部材の延長部分にフレームに接するように拡張部を設けてストッパー23としても良い。また、延長部22´の下に別個にストッパー部(図示せず)を設けることもできる。   The holding part 20 includes extension parts 22 and 22 'and a button part, and is integrated by, for example, coupling with a bolt (not shown). Moreover, the stopper 23 can also be attached so that an excessive displacement does not occur in the piezoelectric element portion. When the external force is applied to the stopper 23, the button portion itself may touch the frame upper portion 41, and at the time of restoration, an extension portion may be provided so as to contact the extension portion of the holding member to form the stopper 23. Further, a stopper portion (not shown) can be separately provided under the extension portion 22 '.

保持部材21及びその延長部22´は金属で一体成形して、圧電素子10を結合しても良く、延長部22、22´を金属性細長円柱部材として設け、圧電素子10の取り付け部及びストッパー部分23をプラスチックで別成形して、これと結合して、全体として、保持部20とすることができる。   The holding member 21 and its extension 22 ′ may be integrally formed of a metal, and the piezoelectric element 10 may be coupled. The extensions 22 and 22 ′ are provided as metallic elongated cylindrical members, and the mounting portion and stopper of the piezoelectric element 10 are provided. The portion 23 can be separately molded with plastic and combined with this to form the holding portion 20 as a whole.

また、弾性体は、例えばコイルバネ30と、これを保持するために結合部端に設けられた当接部材から構成され、フレーム41´の一部に保持部材の端面に固定して、当接部材を省略することもできる。弾性体が保持部に加えられた外力に抗して反発力を与え圧電素子の振り子振動を生起させる。   Further, the elastic body is composed of, for example, a coil spring 30 and a contact member provided at the end of the coupling portion to hold the spring, and is fixed to the end surface of the holding member on a part of the frame 41 ′, Can be omitted. The elastic body applies a repulsive force against the external force applied to the holding portion, causing the pendulum vibration of the piezoelectric element.

筐体又はフレームは、金属、プラスチック等、適度の剛性を有する材質のものが好適に用いられる。金属性の場合は、導体として配線の一部としても利用可能であるが、電気配線系統と接触が不利の場合は、絶縁被覆を考慮する。   The casing or frame is preferably made of a material having an appropriate rigidity such as metal or plastic. In the case of metal, it can be used as a part of the wiring as a conductor, but when the contact with the electrical wiring system is disadvantageous, an insulating coating is considered.

圧電発電装置100は、保持部20に負荷のないとき、所定位置に圧電素子が停止するようにするためには、コイルバネが無負荷で所定長さを保つものを選定する必要がある。また、常時負荷状態にあるときは、コイルバネ30による予圧によって圧電素子10に一定の予圧を加えた状態で、圧電素子10が停止するように、所定の場所に配置することが好ましい。つまり、コイルバネ30は圧電素子に変位を生じない、いわばニュートラル状態に保つように、設置される。   For the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100, it is necessary to select an apparatus in which the coil spring maintains a predetermined length with no load in order to stop the piezoelectric element at a predetermined position when the holding unit 20 is not loaded. Further, when in a constant load state, the piezoelectric element 10 is preferably disposed at a predetermined location so that the piezoelectric element 10 stops in a state where a certain preload is applied to the piezoelectric element 10 by the preload by the coil spring 30. That is, the coil spring 30 is installed so as not to cause displacement of the piezoelectric element, that is, to maintain a neutral state.

図1に例示された圧電発電装置100では、下向きの外力が、保持部材21の延長部22を通して、支持部20全体に作用し、更に、コイルバネ30に作用して、ニュートラル状態から、コイルバネ30が、押し下げられる。図3に外力が下向きに作用している場合を例示する。ボタン部23がストッパーとして作用している。外力がなくなるか上向きとなると、コイルバネ30が反発して、保持部全体を上に押し上げる。そのまま無負荷状態が維持される間、補強板・重石と一体となり、圧電素子全体が弾性体の反発する方向で、圧電板の厚み方向に振動を維持する。このとき、圧電板が長さ方向に所定周期で伸縮する。圧電板が伸縮変位すると、圧電板の圧電セラミックスは厚み方向に分極されているので、起電力が発生する。図8に圧電発電装置100から電気エネルギーを回収するための回路構成を示す。   In the piezoelectric power generation device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, a downward external force acts on the entire support portion 20 through the extension portion 22 of the holding member 21, and further acts on the coil spring 30 so that the coil spring 30 is moved from the neutral state. Pushed down. FIG. 3 illustrates a case where an external force is acting downward. The button part 23 acts as a stopper. When the external force is lost or turned upward, the coil spring 30 repels and pushes up the entire holding portion. While the unloaded state is maintained as it is, it is integrated with the reinforcing plate and the weight, and the entire piezoelectric element maintains vibration in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric plate in the direction in which the elastic body repels. At this time, the piezoelectric plate expands and contracts in the length direction at a predetermined cycle. When the piezoelectric plate expands and contracts, an electromotive force is generated because the piezoelectric ceramic of the piezoelectric plate is polarized in the thickness direction. FIG. 8 shows a circuit configuration for recovering electrical energy from the piezoelectric generator 100.

例えば、保持部20に外力が加わり、これが開放されると、圧電素子10は、圧電板の厚み方向で振り子振動をおこなう。圧電板11は、上に凸、下に凸の周期的変位をすることとなる。圧電板の反対面に配置した圧電板は、互いに伸縮方向が逆となり、分極方向を補強板の厚み方向でパラレルとしておくと、振幅方向が全く逆の周期的変位をおこない、起電力の向きが逆となる。図12に、保持部20に外力が加わったとき、起電力の発生状況の実験例を示す。補強板の両端を可動に支持された屈曲型の圧電素子は、屈曲開始から0.5秒で最高値の10%以下に減衰し、略1秒で消滅するのに比べ、本発明では、起電力が発生から1秒後も14%の減衰にとどまり、消滅に到る時間が3.5秒に延長される。補強板の他端が完全に自由端だから、減衰が長時間に亘って行われる。 For example, when an external force is applied to the holding portion 20 and is released, the piezoelectric element 10 performs pendulum vibration in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric plate. The piezoelectric plate 11 has a periodic displacement that is convex upward and convex downward. Piezoelectric plates placed on the opposite side of the piezoelectric plate have opposite directions of expansion and contraction, and if the polarization direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the reinforcing plate, the amplitude direction is completely reversed and the direction of the electromotive force is The reverse is true. FIG. 12 shows an experimental example of an electromotive force generation state when an external force is applied to the holding unit 20. Compared to the bending type piezoelectric element in which both ends of the reinforcing plate are movably supported attenuates to 10% or less of the maximum value in 0.5 seconds from the start of bending and disappears in about 1 second, in the present invention, Even after 1 second from the generation of electric power, the attenuation is only 14%, and the time to disappear is extended to 3.5 seconds. Since the other end of the reinforcing plate is completely free, attenuation is performed over a long period of time.

補強板の上下に配置する圧電板の分極方向をパラレルとするバイモルフ型の圧電素子にあっては、圧電板11の接着面側の電極膜と反対面の圧電板の接着面側の電極膜とを短絡させる構造でよい。このため、補強板12として金属箔・金属板を用いることが出来る。一方、両圧電板の分極方向が逆方向のときは、補強板12は、圧電板11の接着面側の電極膜と反対面の圧電板の接着面側の電極膜とを短絡させない構造とする必要がある。このため、補強板12として金属箔・金属板を用いる場合には、上下に配置する圧電板の一方を、この金属箔・金属板と短絡しないように、絶縁膜を介して金属箔・金属板に接着する等の工夫が必要となる。また、補強板12としてプリント配線基板のように樹脂基板に金属箔を取り付けてなるものを用いる場合には、上下に配置する圧電板が絶縁されるように、その金属箔を内周側部と外周側部とに分かれたパターンとしておけばよい。   In the bimorph type piezoelectric element in which the polarization directions of the piezoelectric plates arranged above and below the reinforcing plate are parallel, the electrode film on the bonding surface side of the piezoelectric plate opposite to the electrode film on the bonding surface side of the piezoelectric plate 11 The structure which short-circuits may be sufficient. For this reason, a metal foil / metal plate can be used as the reinforcing plate 12. On the other hand, when the polarization directions of both piezoelectric plates are opposite, the reinforcing plate 12 has a structure that does not short-circuit the electrode film on the adhesive surface side of the piezoelectric plate 11 and the electrode film on the adhesive surface side of the opposite piezoelectric plate. There is a need. Therefore, when a metal foil / metal plate is used as the reinforcing plate 12, the metal foil / metal plate is interposed via an insulating film so that one of the upper and lower piezoelectric plates is not short-circuited with the metal foil / metal plate. It is necessary to devise such as adhering to. In addition, when using a reinforcing plate 12 that is formed by attaching a metal foil to a resin substrate, such as a printed wiring board, the metal foil is connected to the inner peripheral side portion so that the piezoelectric plates arranged above and below are insulated. What is necessary is just to set it as the pattern divided | segmented into the outer peripheral side part.

従って、この起電力を図8に例示するように、正負を考慮した結線で取り出すことが出来る。こうして得られる電気エネルギーは交流電力であるために、通常は図9に示されるように、整流回路を通して直流電力に変換し、コンデンサや二次電池等の蓄電装置に充電するか、または直接に「負荷」に供給して負荷を駆動することができる。又は、圧電素子毎の整流回路を介することにより、若しくは、圧電素子群ごとの整流回路を入れることにより、直流電力を得ることができる。 Therefore, this electromotive force can be taken out by connection considering positive and negative as illustrated in FIG. Since the electric energy thus obtained is AC power, it is usually converted to DC power through a rectifier circuit as shown in FIG. 9 and charged in a power storage device such as a capacitor or a secondary battery, or directly “ The load can be supplied to drive the load. Alternatively, DC power can be obtained through a rectifier circuit for each piezoelectric element or by inserting a rectifier circuit for each piezoelectric element group.

こうして、効率良く得られた電気エネルギーは、コンデンサや二次電池等の蓄電装置に充電するか、または直接に負荷に供給して負荷を駆動することができる。なお、複数の圧電素子は、変形が対称性をたもって行われるときは、図9に示すように、個々の圧電素子13に整流回路を設ける必要はなく、1組の整流回路で整流が可能であり、回路を単純に構成することもできる。 Thus, the electric energy obtained efficiently can be charged in a power storage device such as a capacitor or a secondary battery, or directly supplied to the load to drive the load. When the deformation is performed with symmetry, a plurality of piezoelectric elements need not be provided with a rectifier circuit for each piezoelectric element 13 as shown in FIG. 9, and can be rectified with a single rectifier circuit. Therefore, the circuit can be simply configured.

圧電発電装置100は、圧電素子10を用いることによって、小型化が容易である。圧電素子10の変位量は、補強板の材質や厚さ、圧電素子の形状や数を変えることによって調整することができるので、弱い力で大きく変位する圧電素子を用いた圧電発電装置を実現することもできれば、強い力で小さく変位する圧電素子を用いた圧電発電装置を実現することもでき、その場合でも、圧電素子を用いることで、十分に大きな電気エネルギーを得ることができる。   The piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100 can be easily downsized by using the piezoelectric element 10. The amount of displacement of the piezoelectric element 10 can be adjusted by changing the material and thickness of the reinforcing plate and the shape and number of the piezoelectric elements, thereby realizing a piezoelectric power generation apparatus using a piezoelectric element that is largely displaced by a weak force. If possible, a piezoelectric power generation apparatus using a piezoelectric element that is displaced by a strong force can be realized. Even in this case, sufficiently large electric energy can be obtained by using the piezoelectric element.

圧電素子10の補強板12としては、一般的には樹脂基板や金属、金属板等の種々のバネ性を有する材料を用いることができるが、例えば、補強板として所定の強度を有する金属板が好適に用いられる。保持部材21には、大きな力が必要なときには、機械的強度に優れたエンジニアリングセラミックスやステンレス等の金属材料が好適に用いられる。   As the reinforcing plate 12 of the piezoelectric element 10, materials having various spring properties such as a resin substrate, a metal, and a metal plate can be generally used. For example, a metal plate having a predetermined strength is used as the reinforcing plate. Preferably used. When a large force is required for the holding member 21, a metal material such as engineering ceramics or stainless steel having excellent mechanical strength is preferably used.

圧電素子10が変形する際には保持部材の延長部分、スペーサ部に一定の力が加わる。このために、このような力が加えられた際に保持部自体が変形を起こさないような機械的強度が、保持部全体に求められる。このような観点から、保持部材にはステンレス、アルミニウム合金等の各種金属材料が好適に用いられる。スペーサ部には、保持部材と同等の材料を用いることができる。   When the piezoelectric element 10 is deformed, a certain force is applied to the extended portion of the holding member and the spacer portion. For this reason, the whole holding | maintenance part is calculated | required by the mechanical strength which does not raise | generate a deformation | transformation of holding | maintenance part itself when such force is applied. From such a viewpoint, various metal materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy are preferably used for the holding member. A material equivalent to the holding member can be used for the spacer portion.

なお、保持部材に金属材料を用い、かつ、圧電素子10を構成する補強板12にも金属材料を用いた場合において、保持部材20として、機械的強度が大きく、かつ、絶縁性を有するセラミックス材料(例えば、アルミナ、ジルコニア、ムライト等)を用いることができる。   In the case where a metal material is used for the holding member and a metal material is also used for the reinforcing plate 12 constituting the piezoelectric element 10, a ceramic material having high mechanical strength and insulation as the holding member 20 (For example, alumina, zirconia, mullite, etc.) can be used.

さらに、保持部材は、複数の圧電素子を、保持部材の中心を略円の中心として、その半径方向に保持することができる。図2は、2個の圧電素子10を、装着したものである。図4は、4個の圧電素子10を、十字形に装着した圧電発電装置200である。保持部材21aで、4個の圧電素子12a等をその端部で固定保持して、固定部材の延長部22aからの外力によって紙面の垂直方向に振動する。圧電素子12a等の他の端部は、重石13a等が装着され、圧電素子の振動を制御する。このとき、圧電素子間の干渉がなければ、約4倍の起電力を取り出すことができる。これ以上多くの圧電素子を保持部の中心を円の中心として放射状に装着することも好ましい。図5は、3個の扇形圧電素子を放射状に装着した例である。扇形の圧電板11b、扇形の補強板12bを有する圧電素子を六角形の保持部材21bで三方向に固着保持して、保持部材21bの振動を伝達させる構造である。設置面に対して、大面積の圧電板を装着できる利点がある。   Furthermore, the holding member can hold a plurality of piezoelectric elements in the radial direction with the center of the holding member as the center of a substantially circle. FIG. 2 shows a state where two piezoelectric elements 10 are mounted. FIG. 4 shows a piezoelectric power generation apparatus 200 in which four piezoelectric elements 10 are mounted in a cross shape. The holding member 21a fixes and holds the four piezoelectric elements 12a and the like at their ends, and vibrates in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface by an external force from the extension 22a of the fixing member. The other end of the piezoelectric element 12a or the like is equipped with a weight 13a or the like, and controls the vibration of the piezoelectric element. At this time, if there is no interference between the piezoelectric elements, an electromotive force of about 4 times can be taken out. It is also preferable that a larger number of piezoelectric elements be mounted radially with the center of the holding portion being the center of the circle. FIG. 5 shows an example in which three fan-shaped piezoelectric elements are mounted radially. The piezoelectric element having the fan-shaped piezoelectric plate 11b and the fan-shaped reinforcing plate 12b is fixed and held in three directions by a hexagonal holding member 21b to transmit the vibration of the holding member 21b. There is an advantage that a large-area piezoelectric plate can be attached to the installation surface.

更にまた、圧電板の長さのおなじ複数の圧電素子を、保持部材で保持し、圧電板の厚み方向に積層することができる。即ち、複数の圧電素子を、スペーサを介して又はスペーサを介さずに、複数の圧電板が保持部材の延長方向に積層されるように装着することができる。図6は、外力の作用する保持部材21cにスペーサ60を介して4個の圧電素子を装着した実施形態を示す。圧電板の厚さは、複数の圧電素子13を保持部材にスペーサを介して或いは、ひとつの保持部に一定間隔で配置し、各圧電素子が振動する際に、互いに衝突して、機械的エネルギーの損失が起きないように配置することが好ましい。 Furthermore, a plurality of piezoelectric elements having the same length as the piezoelectric plate can be held by the holding member and stacked in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric plate. That is, the plurality of piezoelectric elements can be mounted so that the plurality of piezoelectric plates are stacked in the extending direction of the holding member with or without the spacer. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which four piezoelectric elements are mounted via spacers 60 on the holding member 21c to which an external force acts. The thickness of the piezoelectric plate is such that a plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 are arranged on a holding member via spacers or at a fixed interval on one holding part, and when the piezoelectric elements vibrate, they collide with each other to cause mechanical energy. It is preferable to arrange so that no loss occurs.

一方、圧電板の長さの異なる複数の圧電素子を、保持部材で保持し、圧電板の厚み方向に積層することができる。即ち、複数の圧電素子を、スペーサを介して又はスペーサを介さずに、複数の圧電板が保持部材の延長方向に平行に積層されるように装着することができる。図7は、圧電板の厚み方向に、スペーサ60aを介して漸次圧電板の短くなるように、圧電板の長さの異なる圧電素子を装着した発電部である。保持部材の延長部22dからの外力が一度に各圧電素子に作用しても、圧電板の長さが異なるため、振動周期の異なる複数の圧電素子からの起電力が得られる。短い圧電板の起電力は、周波数が小さく、長い圧電板からの起電力波形の間を小波で補完するように発生する。 On the other hand, a plurality of piezoelectric elements having different piezoelectric plate lengths can be held by a holding member and stacked in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric plate. That is, the plurality of piezoelectric elements can be mounted so that the plurality of piezoelectric plates are stacked in parallel with the extending direction of the holding member, with or without the spacer. FIG. 7 shows a power generation unit equipped with piezoelectric elements having different piezoelectric plate lengths so that the piezoelectric plate gradually becomes shorter through the spacer 60a in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric plate. Even if an external force from the extended portion 22d of the holding member acts on each piezoelectric element at a time, the electromotive force from a plurality of piezoelectric elements having different vibration periods can be obtained because the lengths of the piezoelectric plates are different. The electromotive force of the short piezoelectric plate is generated so as to complement the electromotive force waveform from the long piezoelectric plate with a small wave having a small frequency.

補強板の先端部位(或いは、重石部分)は、変位量が最大となるので、長さの異なる圧電板を隣接して配置すると、先端部位の重なりをずらすことができて、比較的狭い間隔で圧電素子を配置することができる。   Since the distal end portion (or the weight portion) of the reinforcing plate has the largest displacement amount, if the piezoelectric plates having different lengths are arranged adjacent to each other, the overlap of the distal end portions can be shifted, and at a relatively narrow interval. A piezoelectric element can be arranged.

延長方向に積層する保持部材21及びスペーサは、円形または、正八角形等の正多角形とすると、組み立てに好都合である。固定する圧電素子は、必要に応じて、その端部を保持部の構成物とのかみ合わせを良好とするために、圧電板、補強板の角取りをしても良い。外力を放射状に配された複数の圧電素子に伝達可能である。同一変位ならば、装着数に比例した起電力と電流を得ることができることとなる。各圧電素子の変形が対称とすれば、偏りがなく、一部に応力集中がおきないので、堅牢であり、高寿命化が計れる。 The holding members 21 and the spacers stacked in the extending direction are convenient for assembly if they are circular or regular polygons such as regular octagons. The piezoelectric element to be fixed may be chamfered with a piezoelectric plate or a reinforcing plate, as necessary, so that the end portion of the piezoelectric element can be satisfactorily engaged with the component of the holding portion. An external force can be transmitted to a plurality of radially arranged piezoelectric elements. If the displacement is the same, an electromotive force and a current proportional to the number of attachments can be obtained. If the deformation of each piezoelectric element is symmetric, there is no bias and stress concentration does not occur in part, so that it is robust and can have a long life.

また、圧電発電装置100では、圧電素子13として、補強板12の一方の面に圧電板11が取り付けられた、所謂、バイモルフ構造のものを示したが、補強板12の片面にそれぞれ圧電板11が取り付けられた、所謂、ユニモルフ構造のものを用いてもよい。さらに、圧電板は単板に限定されず、積層構造(積層コンデンサ型構造)を有しているものであってもよい。 In the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100, a so-called bimorph structure in which the piezoelectric plate 11 is attached to one surface of the reinforcing plate 12 is shown as the piezoelectric element 13, but the piezoelectric plate 11 is disposed on one surface of the reinforcing plate 12, respectively. A so-called unimorph structure may be used. Furthermore, the piezoelectric plate is not limited to a single plate, and may have a multilayer structure (multilayer capacitor type structure).

圧電発電装置100から取り出された電気エネルギーは、バッテリーやコンデンサ等の蓄電装置の充電にも用いられる。   The electrical energy extracted from the piezoelectric power generation device 100 is also used for charging a power storage device such as a battery or a capacitor.

別の圧電発電装置400の実施形態について例示して説明する。図10は、別の圧電発電装置400の正面図、図11は、別の圧電発電装置400の平面図である。圧電発電装置100と比べて、フレーム41、41´を穿孔して設けた保持部20のガイドに替えて、フレーム41´に2本のガイド部材44を設け、保持部材21eの穿孔と共に、ガイドするものである。即ち、保持部材21eは、外力を受けて弾性体の反発力に抗して移動し、外力がなくなり弾性体の反発力で移動し、また、振動するとき、2本のガイド部材44に沿って移動し、圧電素子の振動を円滑にすることができる。このとき、2本のガイド部材44は、金属性で四フッ化エチレンポリマー被覆した部材が望ましく、保持部材21eも四フッ化エチレンポリマー等の摩擦係数の小さなものが望ましい。また。ガイド部材との接触部分には、ベアリングを用いて摩擦力を小さくすることができる。 Another embodiment of the piezoelectric power generation apparatus 400 will be described as an example. FIG. 10 is a front view of another piezoelectric power generation apparatus 400, and FIG. 11 is a plan view of another piezoelectric power generation apparatus 400. Compared to the piezoelectric power generation device 100, two guide members 44 are provided in the frame 41 'instead of the guide of the holding portion 20 provided by drilling the frames 41 and 41', and are guided together with the drilling of the holding member 21e. Is. That is, the holding member 21e moves against the repulsive force of the elastic body in response to an external force, moves with the repulsive force of the elastic body when the external force disappears, and also vibrates along the two guide members 44. It can move and the vibration of the piezoelectric element can be made smooth. At this time, the two guide members 44 are desirably metallic and coated with a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, and the holding member 21e is desirably a member having a small coefficient of friction such as a tetrafluoroethylene polymer. Also. A frictional force can be reduced by using a bearing at the contact portion with the guide member.

以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明してきたが、本発明はこのような実施の形態に限定されるものではない。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention has been described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment.

本発明に係る圧電発電装置は、コンパクトで大きな起電力及び大電流が得られ、メンテナンスの容易な発電装置となる。電力供給のない場所での標示機、警報機に用いることもできる。   The piezoelectric power generator according to the present invention is a compact power generator capable of obtaining a large electromotive force and large current and easy to maintain. It can also be used for signage and alarms in places where there is no power supply.

本発明に係る圧電発電装置100の概略構造を示す正面断面図。1 is a front sectional view showing a schematic structure of a piezoelectric power generating apparatus 100 according to the present invention. 本発明に係る圧電発電装置100の概略構造を示す平面図。1 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100 according to the present invention. 本発明に係る圧電発電装置100の動作時の概略構造を示す正面断面図。1 is a front sectional view showing a schematic structure during operation of a piezoelectric power generation apparatus 100 according to the present invention. 別の圧電発電装置200の平面図。FIG. 6 is a plan view of another piezoelectric power generation apparatus 200. 更に別の圧電発電装置300の圧電部分等の平面図。Furthermore, the top view of the piezoelectric part etc. of another piezoelectric generator 300. FIG. 圧電部の構成を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the structure of a piezoelectric part. 別の圧電部の構成を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the structure of another piezoelectric part. 回路図の一例。An example of a circuit diagram. 別の回路図の例。Another circuit diagram example. 本発明に係る圧電発電装置400の概略構造を示す正面断面図。1 is a front sectional view showing a schematic structure of a piezoelectric power generating apparatus 400 according to the present invention. 本発明に係る圧電発電装置400の概略構造を示す平面図。FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a piezoelectric power generating apparatus 400 according to the present invention. 本発明に係る圧電発電装置100の起電力の発生状況の一例。An example of the generation | occurrence | production state of the electromotive force of the piezoelectric generator 100 which concerns on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

100・200・300・400;圧電発電装置
10・10´・10a・10a´・10b・10b´・10c・10c ´;圧電素子
11・11´・11a・11a´・11b・11b´・11c・11c ´・11d・11d´;圧電板
12・12´・12a・12a´・12b・12b´・12c・12c ´・12d・12d´・12e・12e´;補強板
13・13´・13a・13a´・13b・13b´・13c・13c ´・13d・13d´;重石
20;保持部
21・21a・21b・21c・21d・21e;保持部材
22・22´・22a・22b・22c・22d・22e;保持部材の延長部
23・23´・23a・23b・23c・23d・23e;ストッパー
41;上部フレーム
41´;下部フレーム
42;側部フレーム
43;足部フレーム
44;ガイド部材
60・60a;スペーサ
100/200/300/400: Piezoelectric generator
10, 10 ', 10a, 10a', 10b, 10b ', 10c, 10c'; Piezoelectric element
11,11 ', 11a, 11a', 11b, 11b ', 11c, 11c', 11d, 11d '; Piezoelectric plate
12 ・ 12´ ・ 12a ・ 12a´ ・ 12b ・ 12b´ ・ 12c ・ 12c´ ・ 12d ・ 12d´ ・ 12e ・ 12e´; Reinforcing plate
13, 13 ', 13a, 13a', 13b, 13b ', 13c, 13c', 13d, 13d ';
20; Holding part
21 ・ 21a ・ 21b ・ 21c ・ 21d ・ 21e; Holding member
22 ・ 22´ ・ 22a ・ 22b ・ 22c ・ 22d ・ 22e; Extension of holding member
23 ・ 23´ ・ 23a ・ 23b ・ 23c ・ 23d ・ 23e; Stopper
41; upper frame
41´ ; Lower frame
42; side frame
43; foot frame
44; guide member
60 ・ 60a; Spacer

Claims (3)

圧電板と補強板とを有する略矩形状又は略扇形状圧電素子であって、前記補強板の長手方向又は半径方向に沿って、その厚み方向に分極されて配置され、貼着された圧電板を含む圧電素子と、
前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の一端を固定保持する保持部材と、
保持部材に当接する弾性体と
を有し、
前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の他の一端は開放され、
保持部材または弾性体に加えられる外力により、弾性体が変位する際、外力が取り除かれて、前記弾性体が元の形状に戻る際に、前記圧電素子が減衰振動し、圧電素子が変位することにより電気エネルギーが得られることを特徴とする圧電発電装置。
A substantially rectangular or substantially sector-shaped piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric plate and a reinforcing plate, wherein the piezoelectric plate is arranged and stuck in the thickness direction along the longitudinal direction or radial direction of the reinforcing plate. A piezoelectric element including:
A holding member for fixing and holding one end in a longitudinal direction or a radial direction of the piezoelectric element;
An elastic body that contacts the holding member,
The other end in the longitudinal direction or radial direction of the piezoelectric element is opened,
When the elastic body is displaced by an external force applied to the holding member or the elastic body, the external force is removed, and when the elastic body returns to its original shape, the piezoelectric element is damped and the piezoelectric element is displaced. A piezoelectric power generator characterized in that electric energy can be obtained by
更に、前記圧電素子の長手方向又は半径方向の他の一端に重石が装着されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の圧電発電装置。 2. The piezoelectric power generator according to claim 1, wherein a weight is attached to the other end in the longitudinal direction or the radial direction of the piezoelectric element. 前期保持部材を円の中心に配置し、複数の略同一形状の圧電板が円の中心から放射状に配置されたことを特徴とする複数の圧電素子からなる請求項1乃至2のいずれかに記載の圧電発電装置。 The first holding member is arranged at the center of a circle, and a plurality of piezoelectric plates having substantially the same shape are arranged radially from the center of the circle. Piezoelectric generator.
JP2007047066A 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Piezoelectric power generation device Pending JP2008211925A (en)

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WO2011016592A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 한국세라믹기술원 Foothold-type piezoelectric generator unit and piezoelectric generator system including same
KR101063370B1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-09-07 한국과학기술원 Energy Harvester using Wake Galloping Phenomenon
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JP2012065533A (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-29 Korea Electronics Telecommun Energy harvesting electronic apparatus
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CN102979851A (en) * 2012-12-13 2013-03-20 浙江师范大学 Wafer-type piezoelectric hydraulic damper based on curve surface spacing
CN103016604A (en) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-03 浙江师范大学 Piezoelectric wafer self-energy supplying hydraulic damper
KR101286714B1 (en) * 2012-02-27 2013-07-16 중앙대학교 산학협력단 Piezoelectric energy harvesting device
KR101301695B1 (en) * 2012-07-27 2013-08-30 대구가톨릭대학교산학협력단 Energy harvester
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KR20150066170A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-16 한국기계연구원 Energy harvester and self powered wireless sensor module using 2-way compression load
KR101682960B1 (en) * 2015-09-09 2016-12-06 한국세라믹기술원 Piezoelectric power generator
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KR101063370B1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-09-07 한국과학기술원 Energy Harvester using Wake Galloping Phenomenon
WO2011016592A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 한국세라믹기술원 Foothold-type piezoelectric generator unit and piezoelectric generator system including same
KR101124797B1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2012-03-23 전익희 Independent power unit using piezoelectricity
JP2012065533A (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-29 Korea Electronics Telecommun Energy harvesting electronic apparatus
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JP5097859B1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2012-12-12 浩平 速水 Power generator
KR101200570B1 (en) 2012-02-20 2012-11-13 부산대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for Snow Clearing of Road Using Vibration
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